n \^ SESSIONAL PAPERS VOLUME 6 FIRST SESSION OF THE TENTH PARLIAMENT DOMINION OF CANADA SESSION 1905 VOLUME XXXTX 5 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1905 r^rSee also Numerical List, page 5. AJ^PHABETICAL INI3EX OF THE SESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE PARLIAMENT OF CANADA FIRST SESSION, TENTH PARLIAMENT, 1905. A Adulteration of Food Agriculture, Annual Report Agriculture Committee Alberta Postal Business Aliens, Employment of Aluminum Anthracite Coal Arbitration-Intercolonial vs. G . T . R . Archives, Canadian Auditor General, Annual Report . . . . Autonomy in North-west R Bait Freezers Banks, Chartered Banks, Unpaid Balances in Benrier, J. P Blair, Hon. A. G Bonds and Securities Branch Royal Mint British Canadian Loan and Investment Co. 14 15 100 73 36c 86 113 50 18 1 53 108 6 7 58c? 54 45 125 84 Cables of the Empire 88 Canada-Cape Breton Accident 65, 65a Canada Eastern Railway 101 Canadian Cattle 56 Canadian Loan and Investment Co 84 Canadian Pacific Railway :— Business with Interior Department 51 Lands sold by 52 Caplin and Paspebiac Railway 124 Chartered Banks 6 Chateau-Richer 63 Civil Service : — Appointments and Promotions 69, 132 Examiners ... Insurance List Superannuations. 1 31 42 30 39 C Commercial Agents 77, 77rt Coombs, Henry F 145 Criminal Statistics 17 Customs Tariff Amendment (57 D Dividends unpaid in Banks 7 Dominion Coal Co 142 Dominion Lands 48, 49, 131 Dominion Police., 44 Dorchester Election 68 Drummond Counties Railway 120 Dumping Clauses (i" E Election Forms 59 Election of 1904 37 Electric Light, Inspection of 13 Emigration to Canada 139 Esquimalt Defences 128 Estimates 3 to 5a Exchequer Court 106 Experimental Farms \{\ Exports to United States 114 F Federal District gg Fisheries, Annual Report 21 Fishing Bounty 46,105 Fort William Harbour ng Fort William Telephone System 104 Fruit Marks Act g^ G Gas, Inspection of 13 General Election, 1904 37 Geographic Board 21a Geological Survey Report 26 Georgian Bay Islands 141 '5 Edw. VII Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1905 G Graham, W. M., Report of 140 Grain Survey Boards 123 Grand Trunk Pacific Railway : — Commissioners and Staff 62 Construction Commission 62a Employment of Aliens. 36a Interior Report, Transcontinental Com- missioners 62c Liability incurred by Canada Ill Grazing Leases, N.W.T 143 Greene, George S 90a H Halifax and^Esquimalt Defences 128 Halifax Fishery Award 101), ]09a Harbour Buoys 82 Harbour Commissioners 23 Homesteads, North-west Territories 131 Hudson's Bay Exploration 146 I Imports fronijUnited States 114 Indenture, Dominion Coal Co 142 Indian Affairs, Annual Report 27 Inland Revenue, Annual Report 12 Insurance, Abstract 9 Insurance, Annual Report 8 Intercolonial Railway : — Arbitration with G.T.R 50 Box and Flat Cars 74 Compensation[|Claims 79 Odbur White 58 Transport of Hay 76, 7G« Interior, Animal Report 25 Isle Bizard 92, 115 Italian Immigration ... 366 J Joliette Railway Survey 626 Justice, Annual Report 34 K Kaministiquia River. ... 119 King's Regulations for Militia 43 Labour, Dapartment of. Annual Report. . > 36 Lands in North-west G6, 66a Lands in Provisional Districts 80 Lawson, Henry[Curtis 58c Library of Parliament, Annual Report S3 Lighthouses 137 Lot 4438- A., Quebec 144 Lyall, P. & Sons CO Macdonald Voters' Lists 112a Manitoba Boundaries 102 Marine and Fisheries, Contracts 95 Marine and Fisheries— Lighthouses 137 Marine, Annual Report 21 Marquette Voters' Lists 1126 Matheson, Mr., Report of 105 Measures, Inspection of 13 Medal, South African War 129 Memorandum of Militia Council 130 Meteorological Service 71 Militia and Defence, Annual Report 35 Militia Regulations 43 Mint in Canada 125 Montreal Harbour Sheds S3, 90, 90rt Montreal Turnpike Trust 91 Moodie, Superintendent J. D 138 Mounted Police 28 Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association. . . 127, 127a North Atlantic Trading Co 139 North-west Territories : — Autonomy . . 53 Grazing Leases 143 Lands 66, 66a Mounted Police.. .. Provisional Districts. School Lands School Ordinances. . . Voters' Lists Water Rights Ottawa, Federal District Over-rulings of Treasurj' Board. 28 97 135 98 112 117 96 38 Paris Exhibition . 145 Patent Medicines 85 Penitentiaries, Annual Report 34 Pere Marquette Railroad 3()C, 36d! Police, Dominion 41 Police, North-west Mounted 28 Port Arthur Harbour 119 Port Arthur Telephone System 104 Postmaster General, Annual Report 24 Pound Net Licenses 1 10 Prince Edward Island : — Additional Subsidy 134 Branch Railway Lines 136 Charlottetown Station 103 Grand View Station 118 Railway . 79 Rules of Supreme Court 61 Village Green 125 Winter Communication 89, 116 Provincial Subsidies 99 5 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1905 p Public Accouncs, Annual Report 2 Public Buildings 121 Public Printing and Stationei'y 32 Public Works, Annual Report 19 Q Quebec, Lot 4433-A ... 144 K Railway Accidents 75 Railway Comuussion 57, 57f', 626 Railways and Canals, Annual Report 20 Rebellion of 1885 47 Rf^venue in North-west Territories 60 Ritchie, Jame? 586 Royal Mint 125 S Secretary of .State, Annual Report 29 School Lands in North-west 135 Shareholders in Chartered Banks 6 Shfclburne Postmaster 58a Shipping, List of 216 Shakin, Ivan 107 Sorel Shipyard 70 South African War Medal 129 Steamboat Accidents 75 Ste. Genes'ieve 92 Submarine Signal Co., Boston 72 Subsidies to Provinces 99 Subsidies to Railways and Canals Ill Surveyor General, Report of 25a Telephone System 104 Thermograph Records 93 tt) !)36 Thessalon Post Office 122 Trade and Commerce, Annual Report 10 Trade and Navigation, Annual Re|)ort ... 11 Transcontinental Railway, see G.T.P.R. Treasury Board 0\er-rulings 38 i: Unclaimed Balances in Banks 7 Unforeseen Expenses 40 U^nited States, Imports and Exports 114 Vegetables from L'nited States 55 Verdun, Floods at 81 Vessels, List of 216 Voters' Lists 78, 112 to 1126 \v Weights, Measures, etc 13 Welland Canal 94 Yukon : — Orders in Council 147 Ordinances 41 Telegrams in re Election 64 H 5 Edvv. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1905 See also Alphabetical Index, page 1. LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS Arranyed in Numerical Order., with their titles at /nil length ; the Dates ichen Ordered and when presented to the Houses of Parliament ; the Name of the Senator or Member tvho moved for each Sessional Paper, and tvhether it is ordered to be Printed or Not Printed. Volume II. Fourth Censu.s of Canada, 1901. Natural Products. PresMited I6th Januaiy, 1905, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Sec Vol. B., Sessional Papers of 1904. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1. (This volume is hound in two parts.) 1. Report of the Auditor General, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1904. Partial report presented 23rd January and 30th January, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier ; also on 20th February, by Hon. S. A. Fisher ... Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2. 2. Public Accounts of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1904. Presented 16th .January, 1905, by Hon. W. Paterson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 3. Estimates of the sums i-equired for the services of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1906. Pre- sented 18th .January 1905, by Sir Wilfrid T^smrier.. Printed for both distribution and scssiotud papers. 4. Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th -June, 1905. Presented 17th May, 1905, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 4a. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th .Tune, 1905. Presented 4th July, 1905, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5. Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1906. Presented 4th July, 1905, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5a. Fiirther Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1906. Presented 12th July, 1905, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional paj^crs. 6. List of .Shareholders in the Chartered Banks of Canada, as on 31st December, 1904. Presented 12th April, 1905, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. OONTENTS OF VOLUME 3. 7. Report of dividends remaining unpaid, unclaimed balances and unpaid drafts and bills of exchange in Chartered Banks of Canada, for five j'ears and upwards, prior to December 31, 1904. Presented 9th •June, 1905, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 8. Ret>ort of the Superintendent of Insurance, for the year ended 31st December, 1904. Printed for both distribution ami sessional papers. 9. Abstract of Statements of Insurance Companies in Canada, for the year ended 31st December, 1904. Piesented 17th April, 1905, by Hen. W. S. Fielding. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Paj^ers. A. 1905 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4. 10. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1904. Pre- sented 31st January, 1905, by Hon. W. Patersot:. .Printed for both cUstrihution uivl sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5. 11. Tables of the Trade and Navigation of Canada, for the fiscal yaar ended 30th June, 1904. Presented 16th January, 1905, by Hon. W. Paterson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6. 12. Inland Revenues of Canada. Excise, etc., for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1904. Presented 16th January, 1905, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 13. Inspection of Weights, Measures, Gas and Electric Light, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1904. Presented 10th January, 1905, bj' Hon. L. P. Brodeur. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 14. Report on Adulteration of Food, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1904. Presented 7th April, 1905, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur. Printed for both distribution ami sessional papers. 15. Report of the Minister of Agriculture, for the year ended 31st October, 1904. Presented 31st January, 1905, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Printed for both distribution and .sessional papers. 16. Report of the Director and Officers of the Experimental Farm.s, for the year 1904. Presented 11th May, 1905, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Printed for both distribution and sessional jmpers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7. 17. Criminal Statistics for the year ended 30th September, 1904. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 18. Report on Canadian Archives, 1904. Presented 31st May, 1905, by Hon. S. A. Fisher. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers, CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8. 19. Report of the Minister of Public Works, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1904. Presented 9th February, 1905, by Hon. C. S. Hyman Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 20. Annual Report of the Department of Railway.s and Canals, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1904. Presented 13th February, 1905, by Hon. H. R. Emmer.son. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9. 21. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Marine), for the fiscal year ended .30th June, 1904. Presented 23rd January, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 21a. Fifth Annual Report of the Geographic Board of Canada, containing all decisions to 30th June, 1904, Presented 7th February, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 216. List of Shipping issued by the Department of Marine and Fisheries, being a list of vessels on the registry books of Canada, on the 31st December, 1904. Presented 5th June, 1905, by Hon. J. R. F. Prefontaine Printed for both distribtition and sessional papers. 22. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Fisheries), for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1904. Presented 16th March, 1905, by Hon. J. R. F. Prefontaine. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 10. 23. Reix)rt of the Harbour Commissioners, etc., 1904. . .Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 24. Report of the Postmaster General, for the year ended 30th June, 1904. Presented 17th January, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution aiul sessional papers. 25. Annual Report of the Department of the Interior, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1904. Presen- ted 2nd February, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 6 6 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1905 CON'TENTS OF VOLUME 11. 251. Report of the Surveyor Gener.al orDominion^Lands for .the year ending 30th June 1904. Printed for loth Otstribution and sessional papers. 26. Summary Report of the Geological Survey Department for the^calendar'year 1904. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 27. Annual Repjrt of the Department of Indian Aflfairs, for the fiscal year ended 30th June 1904. Pre- sented 23rd January, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid|Laurier. .Printed for Jbotk distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 12. 28. Report of the Royal North-We.st Mouuted Police, 1904. Pres^ented Slst'March, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed forlboth distribution and sessional pape rs. 29. Report of the Secretary of State of Canada, for the year ended 31st December, 1904. Presented 4th May, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for'Jjoth\distribution and sessional pape rs. 30. Civil Service List of Canada, 1904. Presented 16th .January, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessioud papers:- 31. Report of the Board of Civil Service Examiners, for the year ended 31st December, 1904. Presented' 4th May, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both%distribution and sessional papers. 32. Annual Report of the Department of PublicjPrinting^and Stationery, for the year ended 30th June, . 1901. Presented 19th April, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 33. Report of the Joint Librarians of Parliament for the year|1904. Presented 12th Januarj', 1905, by the Hon. The Speaker Printed for sessional papers.. 34. Report of the Minister of Justice as to Penitentiaries of^Canada, for the 3'ear ended 30th June, 1904. Presented 30th Januarj', 1905, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 13. 35. Report of the Department of Militia and Defence of Canada, for the year ended 31st December, 1904. Presented 14th April, 1905, by Sir Frederick Borden. Printed for both dis'.ribution and sessional papers. 36. Report of the Department of Labour, for the year ended 30th June, 1904. Presented 17th January, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 36a. Report of the commissioner and other documents, in the matter of the royal commission to inquire into the alleged employment of aliens in connection with the surveys of the proposed Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Presented 1st March, 1905, by Sir William Mulock. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 366. The royal commission appointed to inquire into the immigration of Italian labourei'S to Montreal, and the alleged fraudulent practices of eraploj'ment agencies. — Report of the commissioner and evidence. Presented 19th May, 1905, by Sir William Mulock. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 36c. Report of the commissioner on the investigation into the alleged em;jloyment of aliens by the Pere Marquette Railroad Company. Presented 19th May, 1905, by Sir William Mulock. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers . 36rf. Minute? of Evidence, Perc Marquette Railroad Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14. 37. Return of the Tenth General Election for the House of Commons of Canada, held on the 27th day of October, 1904, and the 3rd day of November, 1904, followed by a Return of the By elections held during the Ninth Parliament. Presented 23rd .June, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers . 3 8. Return of over-rulings by the Treasury Board of the Auditor General's decisions between the sessions of 1904 and 1905. Presented 16th January, 190-5, by Hon. W. Paterson Ifot printed. 7 6 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 190o CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Continued. 39. Statement of superannuations and retiring allowances in the civil service during the year ended 31st December, ir>04, showing name, rank, salary, service, allowance and cause of retirement of each person superannuated or retired, and also whether vacancy filled by promotion or by new appomt- ment, and salary of any new appointee. Presented IGth January, 1905, bj- Hon. W. Paterson. Not printed. 40. Return showing the exi>enditure on accoimt of unforeseen expenses from the 1st July, 1904, to the 11th January, 1905, in accordance with the Appropriation Act of 1904. Presented 16th January, 1905, by Hon. W. Paterson Not printed. 41. Ordinances of the Yukon Territorj' for the year 1904. Presented 17th January, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 42. Statement in pursuance of section 17 of the Civil Service Insurance Act, fc'r the year ending 30th June, 1904. Presented 17th .January, 1905, by Hon. W. Paterson Not printed. 43. The Kings Regulations aud Orders for the Militia of the Dominion of Canada. Presented 17th Jan- uary, 1905, bj' Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 44. Report of the Commissioner, Dominion Police Force, for the year 1904. Presented 17th Januarj', 1905, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick Not printed. 45. Detailed statement of all bonds and securities registered in the Department of the Secretary of State of Canada, since last Return, 23rd March, 1904, submitted to the Parliament of Canada under sec- tion 23, chapter 19 of the Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 24th January, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier , Not printed. 46. Statement of fishing bounty expenditure for the j'ear 1903-04. Presented 24th January, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 47. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1904, showing all papers, letters, l>etitions and resolutions in reference to payments of claims for losses arising out of the rebellion of 188.5, in the North-west Territories. Presented 25th January, 1905. — Mr. Davis Not jjrintcd. 48. Return of orders in council which have been published in the Canada Gazette and in the British Columbia Gazette, between 1st January and 31st December, 1904, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of section 38 of the regulations for the survey, administration, disposal and manage- ment of Dominion lands within the 40-mile railway belt in the province of British Columbia. Pre- sented 27th January, 1905, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 49. Return of orders in council which have been published in the Canada Gazette between 1st .January and 17th December, 1904, in accordance with the provisions of clause 91 of the Dominion Lands Act, chapter 54 of tlie Revised Statutes of Canada, and its amendments. Presented 27th January, 19iowing the number of inspectors or other persons employed to attend to the enforcement of the Fruit Marks Act of 1901. The names of the said inspectors or other persons, and the .salaries paid to each, respectively. The total amount paid to said persons on account cf salai-ies up to the 1st of January, 190.5. Also the anioimt paid to said persons for travelling and other expenses up to 1st January, 1905. Presented 9th March, 1905.— il/r. Taylor Not printed. 88. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 1905, for copies of all corres- pondence addressed to the government, or any minister, in reference to the cables of the Empire . Presented 9th March, 1905. — Mr. Loyan Not printed 89. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th February, 1905, for copies of all correspon- dence in reference to the building of a new boat to be employed to maintain winter communication between Prince Edward Island and the mainland of Can.ida. The engineer's and inspector's report of the present condition of the ss, Stanley now on that route; the repairs made; the damage sustained by contact with heavy ice ; and any other information in regard to her age, class etc. in any of the government departments. Presented 10th March, 1905. — Mr. Martin (Queen'sJ. Not printed . 90. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 1905, for a statement showing the amount and nature of each and ever}' claim that has been made by the firm of P. Lyall & Sons for extras in connection with their contract for the erection of steel sheds in the port of Montreal • and further indicating in each instance whether the claim has been admitted and approved by the Harbour Commissioners or their chief engineer ; whether it has been recommended for payment by the government superintending engineer; and in case of dispute between the engineers, what decision the minister of marine and fisheries has given in each case ; and the aniouut paid or agreed to be paid to the contractor in connection with each claim. Presented 10th March 1905. Mr. Ames. Not printed, 90a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th March, 1905, for copies of all correspon- dence between the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, or any officer of his department, and Mr. George S. Greene, junior, of New York, regarding the steel freight sheds of the harbour of Montreal ; together with the report of the said George S. Greene, junior, upon the plans submitted to him for an opinion. Presented 12th Ajjril, 1905. — Mr. Ames 'Not printed 91. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1st February, 1905, showing: 1. The present indebtedness to the Dominion Government of the Montreal Turnpike Trust, (a) on capital account (h) for arrears of interest. 2. The amounts collected at each toll gate belonging to the said tumoike trust during the year ending 31st December, 1904. 3. The names of all parties who have connnuted their *-olls, and the - iiount of commutation paid in each ca.se. 4. The amounts expended on each section or road divison under the control of .said trust, during the said year endino- 31st December 1904 ; and the eontrav;ts given out during the year, with the name of the contractor and the date 13 5 Edw. VII. List of Seisioual Papers. A. 1905 CONTEXTS OF VOLUME U—Co7Uinued.. and amount involved in each case. 5. The amounts paid out dui'ing the said year at each toll gate for salaries of day and night keepers, and other expenditure at each of the toll gates maintained. 6. The names of all parties holding passes for free use of the roads under the control of said trust during the said year. 7. The expenses of the said trust during the said year, for rent, salaries of the office, giving name and remuneration of each official. 8. The actual indebtedness in detail of the said trust outside of its bonds due to the government of Canada. 9. The amounts collected j-ear by j-ear since 189G from municipalities under special agreements made as their share pro rata of the bonded indebtedness of the turnpike trust. Presented 15th March, 1905. — Mr. Monk. Not printed. 92. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated Gth February, 1905, for a statement showing the amounts expended from the 30th of June, 1902, I'p to the 1st of February, 19;)5, upon the two wharves and approaches at Ste. Genevieve and Isle Bizard, in the countj- of Jacques Cartier ; also letters addressed to the minister of public works during the year 1904 in reference to the said expenditure, with estimates and statements connected therewith. Presented 16t!i March, 1905. — Mr. Mojik Not printed . 93. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1905. for copies of all thermo- graph records of temperatures taken on board Atlantic steamships during the calendar j-ear 1903, stating: (1) name of steamship; (2) date when thermograph was put in chamber; (3) date when the steamer left the port ; (4) whether chamber was (a) cold storage ; (b) cool air ; (c) mechanically ventilated : (d) ordinary, or whether the record was taken on deck or other place wliere the natural temperature of the air would be registered, unexposed to the sun's rays ; (5) where practicable, in what part of the chamber the thermograph was placed. Presented 17th March, 1905. — Mr. Hender- son Not printed . 93«. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th March, 1905, of all the thermograph records used in the transiX)rtation of perishable products from Canada, in cold storage or ventilated storage, or cool air compartments. Also a copy of all contiacts entered into between the govern- ment and any steamship company whereby the company receives a subsidy for installing cold storage or cool air ventilation or ventilated storage. Presented 17th May, 1905. — Mr. Armstrong. Not printed. 936. Supplementary return to 93n. Presented 6th June, 1905 Not printed. 94. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 0th March, 1905, sliovving all leases of water power granted on the Welland Canal, not included in the return made to an order of the house dated 3rd April, 1901 ; the names of the lessees ; the quantity of power granted in each lease ; the consideration named in each lease, together with the length of the term granted, and the amount of rental reserved in such leases unpaid, if any. Presented 17th March, 1905. — Mr. German. Printed jor sessional papers . 95. Return to an order of the House of Conmjons, dated 13th February, 1905, showing what contracts for public works, or for supplies, have been awarded since July 1st, 1903, to other than the lowest tenderer, in the department of marine and fisheries, by the authority of the governor in council, in the manner set forth in clause 6 of the Act 55-56 Victoria, chapter 17. Also for the names and offers of all unsuccessful tenderers in every such case, and for the reasons why any such lowest tenderer was passed over. Presented 17th March, 1905.— il/r. Lewis Not printed. 96. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 1st March, 1905, for a copy of all corresi»ondence between the government and the Ottawa corporation, relative to the formation of a federal district. Pre- sented 17th March, 1905.— /fon.. Mr. Bernier Not printed . 97. Statement showing areas of the provisional districts of the North-west Territories. Presented 20th March, 1905, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional pajiers . 98. School ordinance. North-west Territories, being chapters 2!), 30 and 31, jjassed 1901. Presented 20th March, 1905, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 99. Summary of legislation relating to subsidies to provinces. Presented 20th March, 1905, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed . 14 5 Edw. A'll. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1905 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U—Coniwued. 100. Keturn to an oi-der of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 1905, showing the number of witnesses who appeared before the agriculture committee, whose expenses were paid by the govern- ment, for each year from 1800 to 1904 inclusive ; the amount paid to each such witness ; the name of each ; where each canie from when their attendance was required ; and at whose instance each such witness was brought. Presented 22nd March, 1905. — Mr. Wilxon (Lennox and Adclinfft->nJ. Not printed. 101. Keturn to an o'i'der of the House of Commons, dated 9th Februarj% 1905, for copies of all correspon- dence had between the government, or any department or member thereof, and the Alexander Gibson Railway and Manufacturing Company, or any other corporation or corporations, or person or persons, not included in the return brought down on tjie twenty-ninth day of July, 1904, in refer- ence to the fiurchase and taking over by the government of the Canada Eastern Railway ; and of all other papers in the possession of the government, or any department thereof, not included in the said return of July, 1904, in reference to the purchase and taking over of the said railway, and the cost theraof. And also show'ing (1) the nmnber of officials and employees in the service of the said railway at the time of its transfer to the government, with their names and their i-espective salaries or wages ; (2) the number of officials and employees now in the service of the said railwaj-, with their names and their resjjective salaries or wages ; (3) the cost of the operation of the said railway from the date of its transfer to the government until the first day of February, 1905, and the gross earn- ings of the said railway during the same period. Presented 23rd March, 1905. — Mr. Crocket. Not printed. 102. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated Oth March, 190.5, for copies of all petitions, memorials, and resolutions from the legislative assembly of Manitoba, the executive of that province, and any correspondence relative to the extension of the boundaries of Manitoba to the west or north. Presented 3i-d April, 1905. — Mr. Roche (Marfnielte). Printed for both di.Hrilfution and sessional papers. iO'ia. .Supplementary return to No. 102. Presented 5th April, 1905. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 103. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 26th January, 1905, of copies of all correspon- dence had with the government or any member or official thereof, in reference to the building and location of a railway station in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island ; also report or reports or memorandum of any minister or official of the government, with reference to delegations from the province of Prince Edward Island, asking for the construction of such work. Presented 22nd May, 1905 — Mr. Martin (Queen's) Not printed. 104. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 190.5, for cojnes of all corres- pondence and documents relating to an application to the Board of Railway Commissioners, and relating to an application latelj' before the said board, by the towns of Port Arthur and Fort William, to obtain access for their municipal telephone system into the offices of the stations of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the two towns. And for copies of all correspondence between the said towns of Port Arthur and Fort William, and the officers thereof, with the government, with refer- ence to such application, or prior or subsequent thereto. Also copies of any report or recommenda- tion, decision or order made by the railway commissioners with reference to such application or applications, or incident thereto. Presented 5th April. 1905. —ilfr. Bo>/ce Not jirinted. 105. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1905, for a copy of the report of Mr. Matheson relating to the alleged fraud in payment of fishing bounties. Presented 5th April, 1905— il/r. Ganonff Not printed. 106. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27tL February, 1905, showing the business done in the exchequer court of Canada, under its admiralty jurisdiction, since the Admiralty Act of 1891 came into force; giving by districts, (1) the number of actions instituted ; (2-^0 the number of inter- locutory applications, and (b) trials ; (3) the amount involved. Presented 6th April, 1905. — Mr. Clarke (Essex) Printed for sessional papers. 107. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th 3Iarch, 1905, for copies of all correspon- dence between the Department of Interior and Robert Buchanan, Peter Veregin, Simeon Rieben, and the Dominion Lands Office at Yorkton, or others, relative to the claim of Ivan Shukin to the patent for the northwest quarter section 23, township 31, R. 6, to 2nd M.; and to any cancellation proceed- ings in connection with the said land. Presented 7th April, 1905.— Mr. Luke Not printed. 15 5 ElUv. Vir. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1905 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 11— Continued. 108. Return to an order nf the House of Common«, dated titli March, l!»i)5, showing the number and loca- tion, cost and earnings, of the cold storage establishments called " Bait Freezers," of Mai-itime Canada ; together with the returns, duly certified,- of all such institutions, since 1900 ; the names and the salaries of all siiperintendents, officials and keepers of same ; and the amounts in pounds of the different kinds of fish therein storeJ ; the amount of bait from them used Vjy ho7ia fide fishermen, and the names of the same ; together with all such information as may permit of the thorough examin- ation of the question of government assisted refrigerators. Presented 11th April, 1905. — Mr. Martin (Queen's) N'ot printed. 109. Return to an address of the Commons, dated 20th February, 1905, for copies of all correspondence, telegrams, reports, writings, documents, memorials, orders in council, memoranda, or written or printed information of anj' kind not already dow. , which passed between the government of Canada, or of any minister or official thereof, and the government of Prince Edward Island, or of any member or official thereof, in any wise relating to the clain) of the province of Prince Edward Island to a share of the Halifax fishery award. Presented 12th April, 190.5.— J/r. McLean (Queen's). Not printed. 109«. Supplementary return to No. 109. Presented 10th May, 1905 Not printed. 110. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 1905, for copies of all correspon- dence between the Department of Marine and Fisheries and Mr. A. E. Dyment, M.P. ; and also between the Department of Marine and Fisheries and the late Commissioner of Fisheries for Ontario, the Honourable Mr. Latchford, during the past four years, regarding the granting of pound net licenses east of Little Current, Manitoulin Island, to Mr. T. H. Jackman, of Killarney, Ontario. Presented 12th April, 1905.— Mr. Crocket Not printed. 111. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1.3th February, 1905, for a statement showing the amount of money expended by the Dominion government since the first day of July, 1873, for constructing, equipping, and subsidizing railways ani canals, separately, in Canada ; adding thereto the value of land given as subsidies, on the basis of one dollar value per acre ; and adding further thereto the total estimated liability incurred by Canada on account of the building of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Also a statement showing separately the part of such expenditure made or to be made as above, on railways and canals separately in each province of Canada, and the North- west Territories, deducting any sums that may have been charged any of the provinces or the North- west Territories in their debt account with the Dominion of Canada. Presented 12th April, 1905. — Mr. Martin (Queen's) . . Printed for sessional papers. 112. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th February, 1905, for a return of all lists of voters, as prepared by the enumerators, for the several polling subdivisions of the respective electoral districts in the North-west Territories, and used in the recent general election for Ihe house of commons. Presented 17th April, 1905. — Mr. McCarthy (Cahjary) Not printed. 112a. Return to an order of the House of C 'mmons, dated 8th February, 1905, for a copy of the voters' lists for the constituency of Macdonald, Manitoba, supplied to the clerk of the crown in chancery prior to the general elections of 1904. Also for copies of the voters' lists supplied by the clerk of the crown in chancery to the returning officer for Macdonald constituency for the same elections. And for copies of voters' lists supplied to the various deputy returning officers by the returning officer in the constituency of Macdonald. Presented 27th April, 1905. — Mr. Staples - Not printed. 1126* Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th January, 1905, for a copy of the original list of the electors of Marquette supplied the clerk of the crown in chancery ; also a copy of the list as sent to the returning officer ; and for copies of the lists supplied by the returning officer to the various deputy returning officers. Presented 27th April, 1905 —Ifr. Roche (Marquette). Not printed 113. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2Cth February, 1905, showing the quantitias of anthracite coal used in the several departments of the government of Canada, in the province of Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, in the years 1900, 1901. 1902, 1903 and 1904. Also of the total expenditure per year for said coal for each of the said provinces during said years ; and separately, the names of the parties to whom jiaid, and the price per ton paid to each. Presented 17th April, 1905.- il/r. McLean (Qiicen''s) Not printed. 16 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1905 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14:— Continued. 114. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th March, 1905, showing' the imix)rts by provinces into Canada for home consumption from the United States ; and the exports of the same from Canada to the United States ; and the duty on the same, giving Canadian duty and the United States duty, for the years 1903 and 1904, on the following articles : pork, all kinds ; apples, corn, beans — raw, canned and otherwise ; tobacco, raw leaf ; cattle, horses,Cwool, hides, sugar beets, haj^ eggs, butter, fowls. Presented 25th April, 1905. — Mr. Cleincnts Not ]irinted. 115. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th March, 1905, showing in detail the various amounts expended during the past two years upon ihe whaif and abutments situated at Isle Bizard, in Jacques Cartier county, Quebec. Piesented PTth April, 1905. — Mr. Monk. Not printed. 116. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th March, 1905, for copies of all correspon- dence, telegrams, reports, estimates, and all other documents or information which passed between any minister or official of the government and engineers or others, with reference to the investigating or taking of soundings, or any other work for the purpose of ascertaining the best plan and place for the building of a pier or breakwater, in the vicinity of Carleton Point, or Cape Traverse, P.E.I. , to establish and facilitate communication between Prince Edward Island and the mainland, winter and summer. Presented 2rth April, 1905. — 3Ir. Lefurgey Not printed. 117. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 1905, for copies of all reports made by Mr. Burley, or any other officer, in regard to reservations of water rights for stock pur- poses in the North-west Territories during the last five j'ears. Presented 27th April, 1905. — Mr. Roche (Marquette) , . . . . Not printed. 118. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated, 27th February, 1905, for copies of all corres- pondence, letters, i-eports, petitions, memoranda, in possession of the government, or any member or official thei-eof, relating to the location and erection of a railway station at Grand View, on the Murray Harbour branch of the Prince Edward Island Railway. Presented 2Sth April, 1905. — Mr. Martin (Queen's) Not printed. 119. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 1905, showing the sums of money spent by the Douiinion government since 1896 upon each of the following : (« ) Port Arthur harbour ; (t) Fort William harbour; (c) Kaministiquia i-iver ; classified into (1) dredging; (2) breakwaters ; (3) other purposes. The quantities of each of the following to be excavated during 1905-6 in each of the three locations above named : mud and sand, clay, hardpan, rock. The dates and terms of the contracts entered into with those engaged in dredging at the aforesaid points in 1903-04 and 1904-05. The said contracts. The horse-power, tonnage and dimensions of each of the dredges engaged in said work. The cost of dredger newly built, similar to those engaged at the above three points. Presented 28th April, 1905. — Mr. Hughes (Victoria) Not printed. 120. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th March, 190.5, for each of the fiscal years from 1st Julj-, 1897, to 30th .June, 1904, of the expenditure on capital account upon the Drunmiond Counties Railway, and of the descriptions of work and materials for which such expenditure was made. Presented 9th May, 1905. — Mr. Foster Not printed. 121. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 1905, showing in tabular form the amounts first voted for public buildings in towns in Canada of not more than 5,000 inhabitants ; the year in which the first amount was in each case voted ; the total amount expended to complete each building ; the year in which it was completed ; the revenue derived from post office, customs and inland revenue, separately, for the year in which the first vote was taken, and the rentals paid for the buildings in use for the above services during the same year, and the population of each town for that year ; said return to cover the period from .January, 1888, to February, 1905, inclusive. Presented 19th May, 1905.— 7»/r. Foster Not printed. 122. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 26th May, 1905, of copies of correspondence, etc., in relation to the Thessalon post oflice. Presented 26th May, 1905.— Sir William Mxdock. Not printed. 123. Return to an address of the House of Conmions, dated 27th February, 190.5, for copies of all peti- tions and correspondence between the boards of trade of Toronto and Montreal respectively, and the governor in council, in reference to the appointment of grain survey boards, under the autho- rity of the Grain Inspection Act, at Toronto and at Montreal; and for copies of the orders in coun- cil whereby the aforesaid appointments were made. Presented 6th June, 1905.— .Wr. Ames. Not printed 2 17 6 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1905 COITTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. 124. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 27th March, 1905, of the following docu- ments in respect of payments made on account of the subsidy voted in 1901 for a line of railway between Caplin and Paspsbiac : 1. Copy of authority to act, together with full instructions issued to Commissioner Mothersill. 2. Report and findings of Commissioner Mother.sill. 3. Sworn evi- dence of claimants who appeared before Commissioner Mothersill, as taken down by Stenographer Roy. 4. Copy of authority to act, and full instructions to Commissioner Langelier. 5. Report and find- ings of Commissioner Langelier. 6. Sworn evidence, if any, of claimants appearing before Com- missioner Langelier. 7. Aflilavits presented to Com-nissioner Langelier and subsequently. 8. Copy of resolution or order in council adopting report of Commissioner Langelier. 9. A statement giving each of the several payments made by the government since July 1st, 1901, on account of the sub- sidy voted in 1901 for a line of railway between Caplin and Paspebiac ; showing in respect of every su^h payment to whom, by whom, on what date, in connection with part of the road, the date of original filing of claim, and on whose recommendation each payment was made. 10. All corres- pondence which may have passed between the Department of Railways and Canals, or any person connected therewith, and Commissioner Langelier, in respect of the investigation and pay- ment of said claims. Also all correspondence between the member for the county of Bonaventure and the department, and between said member and Commissioner Langelier on this subject, as well as by the trustees of the Atlantic and Lake Superior Railway, C. N. Armstrong, T. C. Casgrain, H. C. J. Gilendez or any other parson on their behalf and the department. Presented 15th June, 1905. — Mr. Ames Jfot printed. 125. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th March, 1905, for copies of all correspon- dence, letters, petitions, etc., in possession of the government, or any member or official thereof, relating to land damages claimed by Thomas Curley, Charles Mitchell and others, of Village Green, Prince Edward Island, for lands expropriated for the Murray Harbour branch of the Prince Edward Island Railway. Presented 30th June, 1905. — M?: McLean ( Queen's) Not printed. 126. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 13th February, 1905, for copies of all corres- pondence and despatches between the government of Canada and the laiperial government, in regard to the establishment of a branch of the Royal Mint in Canada. Presented 4th July, 1905. — Mr. Monk Not printed. 127. Copy of the account of the counsel and theexpert witness as certified to by the chairujan of the select special committee appointed last session to investigate the position of the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association of New York in Canada. Presented (Senate) 28th June, 1905, by Hon. R. W. Scott. Not printed. 127a. Letter from C. J. Coster to the Clerk of the Senate, acknowledging a receipt of a cheque for 8500 on account of counsel fees in connection with the special committee on the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association of New York, and also a letter from A. Power, acting Deputy Minister of Justice, referring to a number of accounts submitted to the Department of Justice for taxation in connec- tion with the investigation of the said committee. Presented (Senate) 29th June, 1905, by Hon. R. W. Scott Not printed. 128.. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 13th March, 1905, for cojjies of all corres- pondence, orders in council, .agreements, reports, etc., in connection with the taking over by the Dominion government of the Halifax and Esquimalt defences. Presented 7th July, 1905. — Mr. Foster Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 129. Return to an order of the House of Commons, date-? 27th March, 1905, for copies of all correspon- dence, telegrams, papers, memoranda, etc., between the government and members of the Canadian militia, in regard to the granting of the King's South African medal to Canadians doing 18 months' South African war service Presented 10th Julj', 1905. — Mr. Worthington Not printed. 130. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 10th July, 1905, for a copy of the memorandum from the members of the Militia Council to the Minister of Militia and Defence ; and also a copy of the memorandum of the Minister of Militia and Defence relating to the militia estimates. Presented 10th July, 1905. — Sir Frederick Borden. . Printed for both distribution and sessional paper.i. 131. Return to an order of the House of Conimons, dated Cth March, 1905, showing the names of resi- dents in the North-west Territories, not entitled to a second homestead, for whom the sanction of the department has been given, allowing them to purchase additional quarter sections, subject lo ordinary cultivation conditions; the dates upon which such sanctions were given; the lands which 18 6 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1905 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U—Conlinued. have been purcliased by such settlers in consequence of this authority, with the price agreed upon, and the sum paid down; also the form in which the authority to make the sale was made known to the local agents of Dominion lands. Presented 10th July, 1905. — Mr. Lake Not printed. 132. Partial return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th March, 1!)05, showing: (1) the numbci of iiermanent appointments, male and female, respectively, made to the civil service (inside division) in Ottawa, since July 1st, 189G ; (2) the present strength of the civil service in Ottawa (inside division) permanent staff, specifying whether male or female ; (3) the number of temporary employees, male or female, on the pay-list for the inside divisien of the civil service at Ottawa for January, 1905 ; (4) the miraber of temi)orary employees, male and female, appointed since July 1st, 1896 ; (5) in addition to the permanent and temporary clerks at present employed in the public ser- vice in Ottawa, the number of artisans, labourers, or other workmen employed at Ottawa during the month of January, and showing to which department these men are attached. Presented 10th July, 1905.— ilfr. Sproule Not printed. 133. Rules of the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island in criminal cases Presented (Senate) 10th July, 1905, by The Speaker Not printed. 134. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 27th March, 1905, for copies of all correspon- dence, telegrams, letters, memoranda, orders in council, reports, etc., in possession of the govern- ment, or any member or official thereof, in connection with the granting of an additional subsidy to the province of Prince Edward Island, in 1901, of $30,000 a year, and the basis on which the said subsidy was agreed to be paid to the province. Presented 11th July, 1905.— iWr. Martin. .Not printed. 135. Return to an address of the Senate, dated Gth July, li)05, showing : 1. The amount (acreage) of school lands sold in the North-west Territories since the union. 2. The amount of principal (if any), and also the amount of interest paid over to the Territorial government. 3. The amount (acreage) of lands sold, and the average price per acre in each year for which such lands were sold. 4. The amount at present standing to the credit of the school fund. 5. The amount owing on sales to be carried to the credit of said fund. Presented 12th July, 1905.— fl"on. Mr. Loughced Not printed. 136. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th February, 1905, for copies of all cor- respondence, petitions, resolutions, reports, memoranda, in iwssession of the government, or any member thereof, relating to the survey and construction of branch railway lines ia the province of Prince Edward Island. Also the number of surveys made in the province since 1900, the routes surveyed, and the cost of each. Presented 14th July, 1905.— Mr. Martin (Queen's) Not ptrintcd. 137. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th July, 1905, for a copy of the details of the third item of Resolution 107 of the Supplementary Estimates, 1905-6 : Construction of lighthouses and aids to navigation, including apparatus, §075,000. Department of Marine and Fisheries. Pre- sented 14th July, 1905.— j^ori,. J. R. F. Pre/ontaine Not printed. 138. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th July, 1905, for a copy of the report of Superintendent J. D. Moodie, on service in Hudson Bay, per ss. Ncptnne, 1903-4. Presented 14th July, 1905.— £ro7t. J. R. F. Pre/ontaine Printed in Sessional Paper No. 2S. 139. Extracts of reports of committees of the honourable the privy council, approved by his excellency on the 31st May, 1902, and 20th September, 1904, respectively, relative to the carrying out of a certain propaganda in certain Euroijean countries to promote emigration to Canada by the North Atlantic Trading Company of Amsterdam, Holland. Presented 19th July, 1905, by Hon. F. Oliver. Not printed. 140. Report of W. M. Graham, inspector of Indian agencies in the Assiniboine agency, and also in the Moose Mountain agency. Presented 19th July, 1905, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 141. Correspondence respecting the sale of certain disputed islands in the Georgian Bay, south of Moose Deer Point. Presented 19th July, 1905, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 142. Copy of an indenture between His Majesty King Edward the Seventh and the Dominion Coal Company, Limited. Presented 19th July, 1905, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 143. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 7th July, 1905, for a return of the number of closed graz- ing leases granted since 1897 by the government of the North-west Territories, together with the following information relating thereto : The number of acres in each lease, the date when, and time for which granted ; the parties to whom granted, and by whom at present held ; the rental per acre, and the township and range in which situate. Presented 14th July, 1905.— S'ori. Sir Mackenzie BoivcU Not printed. 19 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1905 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Concluded. 144. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 6th April, 1903, for copies of all despatches, letters, tele- grams and other correspondence and communications received by the department of public works, or any officer thereof, or by anj- department of the government, or by any officer thereof, from the Honourable Senator Philippe Auguste Choquette in any way relating to lot 4438-A of the official plan and book of reference of Montcalm Ward, of the city of Quebec, and to the purchase thereof by His iMajesty King Edward VII, and of all despatches, letters, telegrams and other correspondence and communications sent by any and all such departments and officers to the Honourable Senator Choquette relating thereto ; also copies of all plans, if any, filed for the purpose of expropriating said lot in the registration division wherein said lot is situate, and copies of any othi-r expropriation proceedings authorized or required by law to be followed in connection with the expropriation of lands for public purposes and which in any way relate to the lot aforesaid ; copies of all appoint- ments of valuators regarding said lot ; copies of all applications for the appointment of such valuators, and of all correspondence, letters and telegrams relating to such appointments ; and copies of any valuations of said lot made by any valuators ; copies of all orders in council relating to said transactions and to the purchase of said property ; copies of all deeds, powers of attorney, reports and orders in council executed, made or passed relating to the purchase or acquisition of said lot by His Majesty King Edward VII. Presented 18th July, 1905. — Hon. Mr. Lundry Not printed. 145. Return to an address of the Senate, dated IGth May, 1905, for copies of all correspondence between Henry F. Coombs, of St. John, N.B., and the department of agriculture of Canada, or any officer thereof, relating to articles forwarded by the said Henry F. Coombs to the Paris exhibition, in 1900, and his claim for expenses in connection therewith and for payment to him for articles damaged or not retumfed. Presented 19th July, 1905. — Hon. Mr. Landry. . ., Not printed. 146. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 14th -June, 1904, for: 1. A statement showing, in so many distinct columns, the names and surnames, the age, rank, the domicile, the origin, of all the officers, sub-officers and men of the crew of the ship sent in 1903 to explore Hudson's Bay. 2. The name of the ship chartered for this expedition, its tonnage, the name of its owner, the price assigned for its service, the duration of this service. 3. The term of service of each of the men (officers, sub- officers, sailors, etc. ) who composed the crew of this vessel. 4. All the correspondence relating to this expedition, including therein the instructions given. 5. A copy of each report made by the authorities on board from the commencement of this expedition. Presented 18th July, 1905. — Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed. 147. Orders in council passed since last session, submitted for the approval of parliament, in accordance with provisions of section 5 of chapter .34, of the Statutes of Canada, 1902. Presented 18th July, 1905, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 20 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1905 ♦ REPORT, RETURNS AND STATISTICS INLAND EEYENUES OP THE DOMINION OF CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1904 PAKT I. EXCISE. Pge Return of Distilleries — Showing their transactions during the vear ended June 30, 1904 68 Return of Warehouse Transactions— Showing the quantity of excisable goods remaining in bonded warehouses of each Collection Division, respec- tively, from previous years ; quantitj' placed in warehouse ex -factory during the fiscal year ended June 39, 1904, placed in warehouse from other Col- lection Divisions ; also, quantity ex-warehoused for consumption, with duty accrued thereon ; ex- warehoused to be rewarehoused in other Collection Divisions; ex-warehoused for exportation; also fpiantity used in bonded factories, and remaining in warehouse June 30, 1904 70 72 76 78 84 85 86 88 89 89 94 95 ■ ■ ■ .... 102 104 107 108 Comparative Statement of the above, for the years ended June 30, 19i:3 and 1904 respectively Return oi Revenue collected from Canada Twist Tobacco Comparative Statejient of the above, for the years ended June 30, 1903 and 1904 respectively Return of Petroleum and Naphtha — Showing the quantitv inspected during the vear ended June 30, 1904 . . .' - 96 97 Comparative Statement of Petroleum and Naphtha inspected during the years ended June 30, 1903 and 1904, respectively Methylated Spirits — Statement showing the quan- tity of raw material on hand at beginning of year, raw material used, quantity produced and how dis- posed of 109 1 " ■ 1 1 HYDRAULIC AND OTHER RENTS. 36 36 (ft) I Amount due from each Lessee or Purchaser, July 1, 1903 ^ 11 accrued during the year ended June 30, 1904 I 11 paid by each Lessee or Purchaser, during the year ended June 30, ' 1904 II remaining due by each Lessee or Purchaser on .June 30, 1904 110 to 115 CONTENTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 EXPENDITURES— (Appendi.y B.) Vll > m o '-S 1 ■ S " o 'u o SALARIES. I';iid to each Oificer employed in collecting Revenue. . . ") SUPERANNUATION. lliiw imifli (lerincted from each Officer's salai'y INSURANCE FEES. How much deducted from each Officer's salary. ., J- RETIREMENT. How much deducted from each Officer's salary CONTINGENCIES. Authorized by the Department for office rent, fuel, travelling e.xpenses, &c j Page. 138 i Page. ik; Page. 136 Page. 141 Page. 145 Page. 149 Page. 13G Distribution of Seizures 134 List of persons employed during the year ended June 30, 1904 ... 151 II 11 a portion of the year ended June 30, 1904 159 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1905 REPORT DEPUTY MINISTER OF INLAND REVENUE To the Hon. L. P. Brodeur, Minister cf Inland Revenue. Sir, — Herewith I have the honour to submit statements of the Inland Revenues collected by this department during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1904, with the usual information as to the cost of collection and statistics respecting the sources whence these revenues were derived. The following summary comparison shows the accrued revenue for the years ended June 30, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903 and 1904, respectively:— * Excise Public Works. . Culling Timber, Weights and Measures, Gas and Law' Stamps Electric Light Other Revenues. . . Methylated Spirits Totals. 1900. 1901. 1902. •S s 9.931,950 10,423,865 5,366 8,155 78,510 14,452 643 10,039,076 4,805 8,271 81,987 15,568 537 73,675 11,257,485 4,749 10,608,708 88,198 21,062 592 66,785 11,438,871 1903. 12,19 >, 123 4,901 109,535 23,895 610 72,269 1904. 13,126,593 4,687 110,416 23,457 569 68,326 12,401,333 13,334,048 1900 includes Methylated Spirits. The increase over last fiscal year being 2,715. 12— B INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARB VII., A. 1905 Details of Excise Revenue accrued during the undermentioned years : — Spirits Malt Liquor .Malt Tabacco.. Cigars * Petroleum and Acetic Acid Manufactures in bond Seizures Other receipts t Methylated spirits 1900. 1901. Totals. 4,821,218 7,174 910,537 3,281,640 825,643 5,505 30,1-92 6,071 34,132 9,838 5,180,775 6,569 977,330 3,337,848 837,434 8,910 44,242 1,292 29,465 73,675 1S02. 5,620,613 0,970 1,077,809 3,563,578 897,360 8,862 45,306 1,567 35,419 66,785 1903. 9,931,950 10,497,540 11,324,269 12,262,392 13,194,918 ,162,827 9,485 020,623 904,617 998,495 6,128 45,024 2.830 40,094 72.269 1904. 6,672,149 9,039 1,137,-556 4,127,679 1,070,823 2,701 45,343 4,413 56,889 68,326 * Petroleum for 1900. Acetic Acid for 1901, 1902, 1903 and 1904. t Year 1900 shows only the net revenue over expenditure, and 1901, 1902, 1903 and 1904_ represents the gross revenue. The quantity of spirits produced during the year was 5,678,15.3 proof gallon.s, as compared with 4,063,603 proof gallons produced in the previous fiscal yeai\ The raw material used in its production being as follows : — Lbs. Malt 6,130,008 Indian corn 67,240,289 Rye 15,735,254 Wheat 547,175 Oats 690,214 Molasses 7,993,675 The transactions of the several distilleries will be found stated in detail in Appendix A (Statement No. 3), pages 68 and 69. Proof Galls. There were on July 1, 1903, in process of manufacture 117,603 Manufactured during the year 5,678,153 Returned to distilleries for re-distillation — Duty paid. 848 II II II In bond... 748,823 749,671 Received into distilleries from other sources — Duty paid 7,247 II II II In bond Total 6,552,674 REPORT OF TEE DEPUTY MINISTER xi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 This was disposed of as follows : — Proof (Jallons. Placed in warehouse under crown lock . . 6,323,4:39 Fusel-oil written off 14,898 Deficiency arising from rectification 6,458 Remaining in process of manufacture, June 30, 1904, by actual stock-taking 198,794 Written off 9,085 Total 6,552,674 The following statement shows the warehousing transactions in spirits during the year ended June 30, 1904, and the four preceding years : — 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9 Fiscal Years. i .fi Sic ^■1 u o g: h o ! 1 1 5 o .2 1 a X 2 o JO 1 1 .2 1899-1900. . 1900-1901 .... 1901-1902.... 1902-1903.... Pf. Galls. 11,820,992 11,460,127 10,853,570 10,563,408 Pf. Galls. 3,113,001 3,067,919 3,668,286 4,953,575 Pf. Galls. 135,196 155,295 187,827 228,601 Pf. Galls. i 2,523,576 2,707,919 2,933,183 3,207,748 11,372,426 Pf. Galls. 138,637 148,154 151,799 157,666 Pf. Galls. 345,312 352,705 360,235 418.631 Pf. Galls. 131,222 212,516 231,641 306,220 Pf. Galls. 470,315 408,477 469,417 870,231 Pf. Galls. 11,460,127 10,853,570 10,563,408 10,785,088 Totals 44,698,097 14,802,781 706,919 596,256 1,476,883 881,599 220,400 193,851 2,218,440 43,662,193 Annual aver- age of four years ended June 30, 1903 1903-4 11,174,524 10,785.088 3,700,695 6,323,439 176,730 225,329 2,843,106 3,481,287 149,064 180,291 369,221 405,663 554,610 748,823 10,915,548 12,323,941 It will be of interest to note the gradual development of a foreign demand for Can- adian distillery products. The quantities exported being as follows : — Proof Gallons. 1899-1900 138,637 1900-1901 . 148,154 1901-1902 151,799 1902-1903 157,666 1903-1904 180,291 12— Bi Xll INLAND RETENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The following statement exhibits the entire quantities upon which duties were collected during the several years recited therein. The total column will be found to accord with the figures shown in Financial Statement No. 13, page 23 : — Fiscal Years. 1899-1900 1900-1901 1901-1902 1902-1903. Totals Annual average of four years endedJimeSO, 1903 C-iXADiAN Spirits. Paid duty Ex-distillery. Pf. Gallons. 493 914 2 488 1,019 Paid duty Ex-warehouse. Pf. Gallons. 2,523,.'>76 2,707,919 2,933,183 2,979,268 Imported Spirits used in Bonded Fac- tories. Paid difference between Customs and Excise Duty. Pf. Gallons. 134,969 155,117 187,759 228,480 4,914 1903rl904. 1,228 6,458 11,143,946 706,325 2,785,987 3,481,287 176,581 225,326 Total quantities upon wh'ch dutj- was collected. Memorandum of Revenue accrued including License Fees. Pf. Gallons. 2,659,038 2,863,950 3,123,430 3,208,767 11,855,185 2,963,796 3,713,071 4,821,218 5,180,775 5,620,613 6,162,827 21,785,433 5,446,358 6,672,149 REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xm SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 The following statement shows the transactions in malt during tlie year 1903-1904, and the four preceding years : — 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fiscal Years. 03 So a S f- bccs w a; q^ _ cS o (0 o s -■ fc, o ^1 is 0 ?* .^i CD Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. S 1899-1900 21,782,187 61,497,029 \ *2,786,630j 730,799 60,284,064 327,950 1,663,296 24,521,335 910,.538 1900-1901 24,521,335 64,095,899', *3,565,270/ 807,838 64,723,616 310,000 1,882,070 26,074,656 977,330 1901-1902 2(1074,656 72,870,6051 *3, 600,214/ 835,511 71,440,519 369,230 1,314,308 30,256,929 1,077,809 1902-1903 30,256,929 66,492,1601 *3, 596, 116/ 739,592 67,608,157 287,040 1,735,390 31,454,210 1,020,623 Totals. .. 102,635,107 264,955,693 ] *13,518,230/ 3,113,740 264,056,353 1,294,220 6, .595, 064 112,307,130 3,986,300 Annual aver- age of four years ended June 30, 1903 25,658,777 66,238.923 \ *3, 387, 057 i 778,435 66,014,089 323,555 1,648,766 28,076,782 996,575 1903-04 31,454,210 68,.903,9281 *4, 158, 218/ 023,592 75,430,347 376,936 2,253,30(3 26,679,359 1,137,556 Imported. XIV INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 o '5 O (55 O fi 07 -^3 <1) t: U a; ed T! W) CI O 35 T3 fft tf 0) oJ >^ 50 1— 1 S r^ ;=^ ^ © o f. o r£3 tl o ,g H oc tc c 1 S: X X t~ (M Q Ci cc ^ t>. X t^ x^ 4n s^ 5S Ci CO ^ bC co" ■^ t-T ^ g 10 Dut col lee hereon cludi; Liceii Fees X « © X (N ^ ~l. C5 s 3 in wT cc* ^" CC -:»•" II- 1 ^ST" ,_, N -* o t- ,_( t^ O r-l .* CC o cc CC (N CC 00 1-1 t>r cc t-^ cc" rH t>r x" "^ te C. T»< ■>* H? o~ iC c- X IN CC N © v~ 1^ t~ o rj> ■V oo s (M o^ 5 i ~Io~ ■>*i (M CC "S. to © ^5 o <£> © cs 5; a IC X Ci M in t- O^ 0 rf x" 2; i^ c4" © Ci" >-i - c'.n i^ '^l eo CC CC in So Ci o CO © Oi t- in ^l=?l (M oo" Cff CC o" |^f t^ ] x' IC t^ m T-l CC 1 "^ .^ ^ ?5 r-r CC C-5 CC 'f t ^ ^ ^" ^- F— 1 T— ' T— 1 m 1— « J-* 1 1 ^^ ~in iO CO CC o CO Ci ^-c o c: (M (M •-0 II B o" C-. CO (M ©" lO ^ .^ O t^ 53 'X> ~ :S 8 1-5 O § 1 ^^ •* lO Ci jC rH Ci 00 t-l o Ci S T3 50 « in X 1 _g o C in C/^ X o tri (M \o t~ O = Ci © ci © t-~ CO "*■ , .2 .^' — ' ^ cc" t-^ s" ©" c s ■*^ o ?! SS © 1 c*t aj o C^ 5 » Ci Ci 5 -3" s ^ ^ cq" t~r ,_r ec ,=* = I-l r»< i-i H S 1 ' '^ "~0C O t>- ,_( tH cc" CO 6.5 u 50 IM 7-i in c^ OC ■*. CC CO Ci CC OS - e ;-• rs -^ r4" in x" x" -r •rr lO t^ 1-1 -■ cc" 00 im' cc" •^ ^ SI ^ i-i -!> rH ^ s« 1 42 I ^ ^ QC -*l Oi in CO CC :a 05 © ?a «o CO CO ^ X ©_^ t^ © 1 -^ C^ X to" N CO i-l 1^ M -t r-4 CC in « CO in r-T S '• c : a: 1 c8 • V >^ 3 . r3 C ec g -S **" j; .S H O "^ lis' Q ^ iM ec OJ ^ 1< c © c c c; Ci be (£ OS ♦— 1— '^ i| rH £ c ,_ C>1 CC r^ c ^ >•-: © at B c- < •— 1— i-H rH ' REPORT OF TEE DEPUTY MINISTER XV SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 O o O H I _^ 1 2 si S Tf © fS (M eo CO fl CO :£ CO CO w -02-73^ TT r: -r C5_ t- X moran Revei •u'd in g Lice Fees. IC t>r iC x" x" ctT ©' IM f in X t- X ^ 00 ■X. X S in X ©__ S) ^ o o o © in © ^ ■* CO CO J® ^ « in i-H IM »n od" c-f ^ to" O t~r 1; * -^ o (M •^ s<> li) CO t~ ■5 w O 2:; OS. o «^ t^ iC ■-^ C:_ (>r «" 1"" ©' ©" ©" ^ ^ '-' rH (M cq X Cl CJ ^ ^ O O © © © © o \a m © © © CO lO rH •^ ■* «o__ C5 ^ c ,• d i>r c- t^ in" «o co~ so' CO Othei accou foi 1-H o CO ■- JT •* IN Ci Tf o 'S Ci^ ■* X a 1-1 © ^ ■S cT X crT o X b- 5^" >.! o CO iT C-1 o co t~ o c ;2; l-H l-H CI ^■ t^ .__ (M •'f s? cq o T^ SO CO X t- IC -* in CO jS o' © C<1 m J; t- S* 0 ■^ X © X -c -^ c a » o o t- 5i X -9" zc x' cT CJ" ©" t^ X C-. -* X S ^ ^ ^^ m r-l I-H Q .^ i o ~ .^ in rH in in 2 ~ " ^ ?3 t~ tT ■^, — o * © CN t- X t> -r" IC in S ic ="2 d X © cq ^5 Assess to biiii du'jtic to Stat ^ -^ ic t^ ■* tr~ 23 X Cl ^, t-^ in m CO 6-2 I^ T ■* t^ ?5 Ci t~ Cl e cc" id" cf o' x" d 55 cc X t— 2: ?1 15 cc ■i * >i : tS 3 p -i ,, s ^ 1 : ? : — .' i3 -/^ ?5 •* O o © c * "3© Cl i ■" "" '" — T^ rH C5 rj CO — N o © •UO c^ ^ c- 1 xvi INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The revenue derived from goods manufactured in bond during the past five years has been as follows : — 1899-1900 $ 30,192 1900-1901 44,242 1901-1902 45,306 1902-1903 45,024 1903-1904 45,343 Acetic Acid : The revenue derived from acetic acid during the last five years has been as follows : — 1899-1900 $ 9,647 1900-1901 8,910 1901-1902 8,862 1902-1903 , 6,128 1903-1904 2,701 Inspection op Petroleum : The quantity of Canadian Petroleum and Naphtha inspected during the year was as follows ■.: — Gallons. Petroleum 6,526,897 Naphtha 765,216 Total 7,292,113 Public Works : The revenue accrued from this source was as follows : 1902-1903. 1903-1904, Hydraulic and other rents $ 3,654 00 $ 3,647 00 Minor public works 1,247 50 1,040 50 Weights and Measures, Gas and Electric Light : The usual special reports in relation to these services have been prepared, contain- ing full statistical information. The aggregate revenue accrued from these services was $116,867.76. The cost of the three services being $118,194.97. Prevention of Adulteration of Food and Agricultural Fertilizers : The usual supplementary report in relation to this service will be submitted containing details of the wox'k done and the report of the analysts. REPORT OF TEE DEPUTY MINISTER xvii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Methylated Spirits : The quantity of methylated spirits manufactured during the 3'ear, was 87,745 proof gallons ; 87,620 gallons were sold. A statement of details appears on pages 62, 63 and 109. Appendix ^ shows the consumption of, and revenue derived annually from, spirits, tobacco and other goods subject to Excise, and of similar goods subject to duties of Customs, per head of the population of the Dominion. Appendix fB contains, as usual, the details concerning illicit stills seized during the year. Appendix <|u shows the amount of Excise Revenue collected at each out-office and under various headings, separately. I have the honour to be, sii', Your obedient servant, W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. XVlll INLAND REYENVES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX ^ Table showing the Annual Consumption per head of the undermentioned articles pay- ing Excise and Customs Duties, and the Revenue per head derived annually. Years. 18(;& . 1870.. 1871.. 1872.. 1873.. 1874.. 1875 . 187fi . 1877 . 1878. 1879 . 1880.. 1881.. 1882.. 1883.. 1884 . 1885. 1886 . 1887 . . 1888.. 1889.. 1890.. 1891. . . 1892. . 1893. . 1894. . 1895. . 1896. . . 1897. . . 1898. . 1899. 1900. . . 1901 . . 1902. . 1903. . . 1904. . Dominion of Canada. (^"antit}-. Average. Jails. 124 434 578 723 682 994 394 204 975 960 131 715 922 009 090 998 126 711- 746 645 776 883 745 701 740 742 666 623 723 536 661 701 765 796 870 952 973 Duty. Beer. 1 aj B 5 Z i 1 « Galls. G alls. Lbs. Gal Is. 2-290 1 115 1-755 i -j )75 2 163 195 2 190 1 ] 03 2 490 259 2 052 1-c >91 2 774 257 2 481 1-: ?02 3 188 i 238 1 999 1-; 587 3 012 288 2 566 l-( 518 3 091 i 149 1 995 1-J )89 2 454 177 2 310 1-. 360 2 322 096 2 051 1] 03 i 2 169 096 1 976 .... 2 209 104 1 954 .... 2 248 077 1 936 ... . 2 293 099 2 035 .... 2 747 120 2 150 1 . . . 2 882 135 2 280 ... 2 924 ! 117 2 476 ... •• 1 2 639 109 2 623 .... ■2 839 110 2 052 .... 3 084 : 095 2 062 ... 3 247 094 2 093 3 263 097 1 153 i.... 3 360 104 2 143 1 . . . . 3 790 111 2 292 . . . 3 516 101 2 291 .... 3 485 094 2 314 .... 3 722 089 2 264 ,-.... 3 471 090 2 163 ... 3 528 070 o 120 .. 3 469 i 084 2 243 .... 3 808 082 2 358 .... 3 995 086 2 174 ... 4 364 085 2 300 ... 4 737 100 2 404 ... ...1 5 102 090 2 404 .. . 1 4 712' 096 2 548 ... 1 4918 1 096 2-765 ! ... 3 231 1 i 122 2 194 .... -761 ■962 -059 160 ■135 ■363 127 182 •949 •927 005 -772 ■990 084 186 074 ■198 007 045 •944 107 •257 094 ■156 •235 •235 •124 • 159 ■341 •306 •367 •4.55 •593 ■653 ■812 ■985 ■092 085 ■095 -108 •120 -119 ■114 ■098 ■109 ■147 125 •081 ■081 •098 ■103 104 ■111. ■091 ■100 no •114 121 ■137 •211 ■218 ■205 •161 164 •213 126 •174 ■185 ■198 ■214 ■205 ■225 037 ■049 056 •070 056 ■086 069 075 057 052 ■057 ■055 ■073 092 ■097 082 074 074 066 ■066 •068 •072 ■080 ■075 070 •060 ■056 •647 041 ■041 ■045 ■044 ■018 048 051 051 1189 I 138 : 062 561 193 •259 ■336 ■422 •350 442 •428 513 ■446 ■439 ■449 ■428 ■443 ■485 •473 365 •393 •502 514 •.509 ■529 ■539 590 •680 691 683 645 •639 •671 ■615 ■841 ■853 ■875 915 •992 ■012 Ah 041 061 077 076 084 103 098 105 084 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. I REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 SIX P? "3 r t- ;i S X s so jg ^^ '-'••- ig ccio o iM s o X o o i^s; o a t^i-i o o o o :o o c c: 05 o ri o J^ (L I i I— I ^ 3^ S 3 3 .1. CE ^ 01 '^ '^ r, .T, — "^ gM h-; ^i >' !S iJ i-s § ^ d H C^' t- H^' I-:' -* CO ■* CO . . -O . .000 - - -CS - -'OCi~ - g-t -8 5^-= 3 0'-i^JS©©'n»--i_-;®ir;oioio® i-":® •ir;i--;o©o®io©io»ninoir:oio© u2 © • cq • © • I'l • • • § 'S : ; ■ ox © t- T-IO ©■?]•• 'x' . ...:;.;. CO • X • © • t~ • • O • •© ■ t^ Manufac- tures, in Bond. m : 05 *(M ■ • O ■© ■ • ■ be b : ;g : : : : ; igg^ •■© NC<5© ■ • C3 © *< X S :8 im' :©' ■ ••••••.© 1.1 ..■;::: -o® . . • . . . r-i ,-A : ■ i : ; • ; :?5^ Tobacco. $ cts. 2,018 00 -* © J-. X © •' ® O ■■•.■••■ CO © ©;■*.■ t^ t^ © ©'x.'©----.'...>o>— Cniat^©o-»> rqcc-co • r- ■ ••T--r-ITtl»0 (M »0(M-H 7— Ci r-l ■ « ! o C 111 Ig i, Sj Ph M H > 4- CI i a -2 3. Mi li 52 1 1! II 31 X > 1 . i c S 5 o Hi o a (E o REPORT 'OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 X~t^~~-'':t-"lt~f-^?7(MCiOxnC^lC:OO~CwOC:COOOCO-f00O. C-1 X ~ v: Tl •M T-- M t^ l~ T-l t^ 00 iC ;r .-I 1^1 1^1 ■ iO -*< C« Ci in T-^ O 00 X to «<1 5. t-ICCt-.CC I - IC CC 1— 'T ;r X -H r- rM C X CO CC M ■* IM c; w — «5 -^ c-i ■- -r xr .- o c -r (M -* ir X ir; t^ t^ t-o CD •<*< !>. r-i lO r-i C5 -r^iS ;r_x ir: r-^rt I— N T-T'.jr e-rt-Tto yin 5 cc^ in X © • t^© in © ■ I— -r • t^© © © © ■ CO © cc in © ■ i^ ^ © w X • •* CO © M t^ ■ t< CC © t^ CO • e-icc — c^i — cccot^— t^co • x©int^inc<;c ©©©m ■ © r: © CO cc © in co^t~ t — '. ^'cT rf t— '©"t-rx'c^rf s^f I- - CO t- © • © © CO l^ J ^ I-:i t^ • © t^ X X ■ T-- M X X '. cc"cc in cf ■ CO in • in' © •© CO • in © X so • X 50 X © CO t^oeo •.-I ^ X -f n t- 1~ © •©©c©©©©©©© •©©©©©©©©©© © © © p in CO t;- © in m © © in c in CO 65 r-J ^ INLAND REVENUES J3 a 5fi O o o3 CO o p^ eg O 05 .2 " 'o X o a be C o CO J?; Eh < 00 O I' §5« §■ 1-5- 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 1 ■* o ^ ! IM ^5 -r -r»!MC:ccoccoc©ir2t- — )-mt:;oismmoo-^-*c-IOGCl rHC510CC-rO'-( CO oc (Mt-xoo:c~-^ © 5 o 3 - 3 m 5 ? *3 3 -r- C3 fr- t- : O t. c3 O s pi = ffi 1 -: 'Xi Hx K ?u O O REPORT OF TEE DEPUTY MINISTER XZlll SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 CiOlOOXXl^t^Cr. rHC^5 0wCCt-COCO^>0!Mt>.r-(OOl eo'co -t<"cc irf"« io" cfc^f M'coof lO __ o«o~ccioooioco o c^ -.< e-r lO r; o rH c; -.^ i^ c^ r? © r: IS © c: .-I ?^ t!" t^ n © T-i 1^ N » X (M rH O I<5 © X_^ X CO »0 C5_ 28 CO ^ Tt< in 0©©0©0©©0©©©©©©© ©o©©©©©©©©©©©®©© m©©©o©©o©mio©©©i"is ■-I t- ? QC 6c -f C5 © (M -f vr lO l^ -*> t- CO 05 05 f —I 35 CO X T»< © rH© CO (M C^ tH >.2 D H.t >."i o :i:;?Si',:2;a.^ir:E^>>HtJ;2; < < ^ < G 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1905 riNANOIAL RETURNS, 1903-1904 •1—1 1 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 FINANCIAL RETURNS s © t-r-i CO O O ^ Tf CO S5 CO ^ N ( o o ^ s; (N o iM tc o -.r -j; I o M OCOr^OCOCOt- ■ 00 -*> S2 ^5 X O W !yi ■ITS • -^l C)Or:C5 • T}> • T-l ^ X CO o__ Reven previou n( colle July ] «S= r- rq T- o 'v^ ^ c^ .. — . ; in < b- • ■ r-l 1-1 '■ 6 ^■ i^ '.i . s K lent No. ;5. Statement ment No. ( ements No No. -21 . . . . ■statement OS. 10 and .9 tatement, ent No. 25 1 s ■^ :k ^ i"'^ 1 i s 1 1 "t-^ --='3 P^ ^= S^ 1-7 on O t- r-1 CO O tS t-l -* CO c- CO 1-1 jg Oi-^siiMonroo-oy; IM « tr: >-it^cecoot^--soooir CO -V GO c<)05CO'*'cooO':r»(M w> IS © ■§ IM TJ< Tp O Cl ■* O oco ©I- CO €^ .-I^COO^COt^ cc 35 IM o -*icOt-ICOIM(Mi-i ^ 00 CO o ■^ rH CO M 1—1 CO co" co' r^ 1-1 s^' ai C5 I— ^'-f o -^ • _, o CO T-H ,-( C LO -O ; CO O w . — ' o n TT X • O ' Tj< S S o t-CO O X c: • 'T • tl ^ o_«_o^ o co't^c-f -* ^•■s ^ "^ rMC^rt o ■^ - _2 ^socioo-- -coc- CO 1-1 (M M-^^ i. . ^ -,£:2t>.r-lCt^CO -O^T en o CO -2^;= a; S-r CiX-^uOOCCO -OOiT 00 -P -* Tf ir: CO o « uo o • ^ I- i-IO o 5« ?^'3 a3 'O -.2 X CO — . •M o • in c^ 1 o t~ I- €^ tCco' t^'o'co't-T ■ y. ■^-sm" T*' e-^ :^ s cts. 449,487 56 2,545 91 11,491 58 20,879 59 33 41 50,229 87 84,223 64 25,100 17 8,045 13 50,553 40 Deductions from Salaries for Super- annuation. In- siu-ance. .? cts. 4,923 02 103 08 Retirement. Guarantee. cts. 5,155 17 1,254 69 5 76 114 96 624 96 338 86 161 04 116 40 48 72 702,590 26 6,162 84 268 20 250 10 5 00 91 66 157 60 112 94 1 87 5,510 93 1,532 86 = «« s i'^ cts. 49 08 49 08 Cr. Totals. S cts. 461,316 58 2,545 91 11,497 34 20,994 55 33 41 51,246 99 84,962 08 25,592 03 8,047 00 50,645 06 716,880 95 W. J. GERALD, Dejndy Minister. INLAND REVENUES Br. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EXCISE, No. 3. — Collection Divisions (For Details, see Balances Amount Acceued DuiuNti the Year, including License Tees. due July 1, 1903. Spirits. Malt Liquor. Malt. Tobacco. Cigars. Acetic Acid . Bonded Manu- factures. Seizures. •$ cts. $ cts. 123,368 48 32,215 13 8,935 38 537,244 82 261,425 42 78,248 85 71,001 25 283,147 12 25,561 63 89,794 89 48,019 58 35,152 13 105,314 45 14,181 58 35,398 26 826,228 74 391,329 29 $ cts. •50 00 200 00 $ cts. 5,241 95 11,267 19 $ cts. 3,950 25 8,885 40 9 00 1 n S.S4 7^ $ cts. 3,600 00 26,189 70 $ cts. 8 cts. S cts. 75 00 112 61 1,743 43 400 00 150 00 100 00 300 00 175 00 300 00 "ihobb .50 00 100 00 83,893 64 31,859 61 86,672 83 15,022 35 188,054 64 2,983 50 3,707 88 1,493 52 886 20 169 50 79,731 801 462,986 34 43,743 58 18.223 52 71,337 20 92,560 51 8,100 79 38,059 81 21,126 71 39,195 42 100 20! 13,801 39 14,828 16 j 171 00 1,718 30: 4,081 95 91 449 4^' 1 049 PS 4,853 64 2,443 77 10 00 50 00 56 54 50 00 3,957 60 8,986 95 10,881 99 95,162 27 10,531 82 300 00 100,00 16,8.32 68' 2', 346 46 225 00! 52,543 91 s ?tf»?i S9 100 00 31 50 700 00 i 208,683 05 150 00 4.0 941 70 204,279 95 18,924 17 2,256 61 15,576 84 700 00 355 00 522 89 3,150 00 640 00 667 00 2,966,567 OO 685,833 31 933,258 70 490,160 36 2,256 61 25,674 22 62,812 10 1,647,804 74 514,449 14 160,496 93 15.3,497 65 70,847 35 50 00 4,986 16 10,346 21 2,212,130 991 358,277 36 125,484 14 42,830 30 142,221 32 45,916 07 3,506 65 14,591 80 794 22 4 491 OA 1,784 28 84 30 500 00 200 00 169,374 78 .57.291 99 444 36 11,147 31 338 54 317 59 50 00! 5!0 784 4.^) 300 00 4,117 81 131 58 907 50 3,295 57 :::::::::■::::■:::;::::; 5,295 73 2,609,907 91 800 00 248,358 72 2,489,123 48 476,382 77 444 36 15,903 66 317 59 75 00 1,442 62 148,114 57 100 00 20,777 43 105,832 31 14,969 79 1,841 26 1,538 00 ! 1,517 62 148,114 57 100 00 150 00 20,777 43 44,876 16 105,832 31 14,989 79 1 1,841 26 1,538 00 63,098 09 8,777 45 88,469 80 24,648 46 3,718 89 343 00 350 00 5,860 50 :";:';::;i:::::::::: 5,860 50 71,875 54 150 00 44,876 16 113,118 26 3,718 89 693 00 129 26 54,929 45 __ — 517,380 34 58,864 54 576,244 88 325 00 200 00 525 00 50,186 12 25,096 46 296,959 06 12,649 15 45,914 94 3,254 92 1,924 14 25 00 75,282 58 309,608 21 49 169 86 1,924 14 25 00 FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 1903-4. in Account with Revenue. Ajipendix A.) Cr. Other Receipts. Total Duties Accrued. ■s cts. 700 00 840 00 85 00 8,382 72 2,898 85 453 (jO 182 60 278 75 200 00 473 00 121 60 120 00 305 48 80 00 120 00 5,956 16 21,207 54 42,404 70 5,503 OS 3,461 38 400 00 160 00' 1,175 10 120 00 10,819 56 827 35 827 35 360 00 100 00 460 00 921 86 320 00 1,241 Total Debits. 136 81 9 677, 898: 158 423 332, 90 105 64 41, 132 42 108, 1,359 488: > cts. 985 681 340 85 1 029 38 615 52 728 88' 285 07 436 20 851 51 091 64 663 00 176 54 291 88 462 96 627 67 i 074 98 198 62 ,084 52 •S cts. 136,985 68 81,453 46 9,029 38 677,'615 52 898,728 88 158,285 07 423,436 20 332.851 51 90,091 64 105,663 00 64.176 54 41,291 88 132,462 96 42,627 67 108,074 98 1,359,230 12 488,084 52 522 89 Divisions. .Belleville . Brantford . . . . Cornwall . Guelph . Hamilton . Kingston . London . OttaM'a .Owen Sound .Perth . Peterborough . Port Arthur . Prescott .St. Catharine.s . . . . Stratford . Toronto . Windsor .Suspense Account. 5,149,944 90 5,150,611 90 Ontario 83,697 55 4,403,140 92 741,311 70 369,928 77 177,796 51 76,182 60 83,697 55 4,404,925 20 741,396 00 369,928 77' 177,928 09 1 76,182 60 3,295 57 1 . Joliette . Montreal . Quebec . Sherbi'ooke .St. Hj^acinthe .Three Rivers .Suspense Account. 5,852,058 05; 5,857,353 78 . Quebec , 294,000 71 294,000 71 201,015 94 33,875 91 234,891 85 294,075 71 1,442 62: . St. John .Suspense Account. Deposited to the credit of the Receiver General. $ cts. 136,985 68 81,340 85 9,029 38 677,615 52 898,728 88 158,285 07 423,436 20 3.32,851 51 90,091 64 105,663 00 64,176 54 41,291 S8 132,462 96 42,627 67 108,074 98 ,359,230 12 488,084 52 5,149,976 40 83,697 55 4,403,724 29 741,364 50 369,928 77 177,928 09 76,182 60 5,852,825 80 294,075 71 Balances due June 30, 1904. Total Credits. $ cts. 112 61 522 89 635 50 1,200 91 31 50 S cts. 136.985 68 81,453 46 9,029 38 677,615 52 898,728 88 158,285 07 423,436 20 .332,851 51 90,091 64 105,663 00 64,176 54 41,291 88 132,462 96 42,627 67 108,074 98 1,359,230 ]2 488,084 52 522 89 3,295 57 5,150,611 90 83,697 .55 4,404,925 20 741,396 00 369,928 77 177,928 09 76,182 60 3,295 57 4,527 98: 5,857,353 78 1,442 62 294,075 71 1,442 62 295,518 33! 201,015 94 33,875 91 5,860 50: 240,752 35 55,0.58 71 55,058 71 913,611 46 913,611 46; 100,410 07 100,410 07 1 1,014,021 53 1,014,021 53: . . Neio Brunswick 294,075 71 1,442 62 295,518 33 Halifax 201,015 94 33,875 91 201,015 94 33,875 91 5,860 50 5,860 50 234,891 85 5,860 50 240,752 35 Charlottetown PEL 55,058 71 55,058 71 913,611 46 100,410 07 913,611 46 100,410 07 Manitoha and N W T 1,014,021 53 1,014,021 53 IXLAyD REVENUES Dr. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EXCI8E, No. 3. — Collection Divisions (For Details, see Balances Amount Accrued DURING THE Year, includixg License Fees. due July 1, 1903. Spirits. Malt Liquor. Malt. Tobacco. Cigars. \„ 4-„ Bonded -^'='^- ; factures. Seizures. $ cts. 1,202 09 S eta. 173,281 06 $ cts. .3.847 40 $ cts. 38,499 46 § cts. 82.108 .33 S cts. 25,636 48 10,785 32 S cts. S cts. 8 cts. 1,200 00 85 50 108,824 88 '416 60 2.3,112 77 .36! 7.^1 17 ' 1,287 59 282,105 94 4,264 00 6], 612 23 118,839 50 36,421 80 1,200 00 17,203,85 50 00 815 35 2,969 02 14,628 44 6,672,148 95 80,703 75 9,039 00 1,137,555 78 73,921 12 4,127,678 93 77,422 08 1,070,823 47 0 26 2,700 97 45,343 28 41 28 4,413 59 6,591,445 20 9,039 00 1,063,634 66 4,050,256 85 1,070,823 21 2,700 97 45,302 00 4,413 59 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. FIXAXCTAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 1903-4. ill Account with Revenue — Conchided. Appendix A.) Other Receipts. 8 cts. Total Duties Accrued. Total Debits. 490 00 190 00 680 00 •S cts. 325,062 73 326,264 82 180,060 74 180,146 24 Divisions. Deposited to the credit of the Receiver (Teneral. 8 cts. .Vancouver | 325,062 73 . Victoria 505, 123 47 506,411 06' British Columbia . . . 455 12 21,493 34 56,888 59:13,126,592 56 665 12 56,223 47 21,493 34 ..Yukon 180,143 54 13,141,221 00 232,753 61] 12,893,838 95| Balances due June 30, 1903. 1,202 09 2 70 Cr. Total Credits. S cts. 326,264 82 180,146 24 505,203 27 1,204 79 506,411 06 21,493 34 j 21,41)3 34 Totals 13,127,549 61 J . Le.Ss — Ref und.s as per statement Xo. 16 . Net Revenue. 13,671 39 13,141,221 00 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 10 I^'LA^'D FEYENVES Dr. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EXCISE, No. 4. — Collection Divisions Balances due by Collectors, July 1, 1903. S cts. 43,98] received^ (I^kductions from Salaries for from Depart- ment to meet Expendi- tures. Super- annua- tion. 1:5 cts. 9,115 50 7,590 45 1,088 30 17-, 878 84 21,508 19 8,373 69 20,059 67 8,111 12 5,749 50 7,825 97 3,609 82 1,346 66 10,065 66 4,867 81 6,774 98 39,105 30 21,093 23 8,491 71 43 98 202,656 40 Insur- ance. 2,948 20 71 76 $ cts. S cts. 175 66 114 37 20 34 358 18 333 81 117 42 344 28 76 58 68 22 51 42 30 00 20 34 113 22 104 80 72 61 570 05 282 98 93 92 Retire- ment. 31 32 103 08 $ cts. 43 68 83 52 "43 68 277 94 25 30 174 71 220 14 45 54 228 60 102 10 7 20 151 89 37 50 115 32 582 38 330 78 Gua- rantee. S cts. Balances due to Collectors, June 30, 1904. 2,470 28 § cts. 28 08 22 08 3 60 52 56 73 44 25 98 59 06 29 52 15 84 38 88 12 96 6 39 34 91 18 72 21 93 128 53 78 84 27 00 49 08 678 32 49 08 6,793 54 45,352 15 18,328 47 6,969 65 11,562 93 2,801 08 5,620 85 Totals. $ cts. 9,406 90 7,810 42 1,112 24 18,333 26 22,193 38 8,542 39 20.709 48 8,437 36 5,879 10 8,144 87 3,754 88 1,380 59 10,365 68 5,028 83 6,984 84 40,417 58 21,834 91 8,612 63 208,949 34 Divi.sioxs. . Belleville . Brantf ord . Cornwall .Guelph .. . Hamilton . Kingston . London. . Ottawa. . Owen Sound .Perth . Peterborough .Port Arthur Presfott . St. Catharines .... .Stratford . Toronto .Windsor . . . District Inspectors . . . . Ontario . Joliette .Montreal .Quebec . Sherbrooke . St. Hyacinthe .Three Hivers .District Inspectors. , . Quebec .St. John .District Inspector. . . . .Nciv Brunstvick . . 11,783 85 . . Halifax 2,781 741. Pictou 14,565 59 .... Nova Scotia. Charlotti'town, P.E.I. .Winnipeg. .Calgary, N.W.T. . .District Inspector. Manitoba av g ■jo ""J3'5; Oj Si) o C 0.^ OpiO 2 © o 53 P^ c; > g S c _ o O) £ S u r2 I »>, t; c3 i- J- jj . > g >n r-l O IM lO lO t^ t^ lO f «; -^ SCO . C5 H < P ^ « i: go > K c <; FINAXCIAL RETURNS 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 o 53 OOOOOOOOClOOO © ©©©c © — © © c © © © ,_j 0O000000t^ir;0:^0OC;C:00 0C:O © =; © © © © . o © lO c o o o o 1- u: o -.i c r-j o " o .- in 1— c o o ?.i o o © X o i-ir-ioi— ' © o --JTJ^ iri oo" j-i ■ ^ iS •© •© '©o •©©©©© •© •©©© • • © © i:r © o '^ '^ t-i • o ■© •© •©© -IC©©©© ■© •©©© • • © © c» a H g ■J I^PH^i^i:^ si-si -ll^ — C2 IS C -t^ C ^ ^ .3 'J--; 11 ,1-. c . 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" i '. * ^^ X 1 " li--^ o ; -T-l cq • r^ • CC ^ OS ri -^ o • t- ■ CO cq ;^ ; x~ (M" ~ ■ . 16 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 o '—' CO a o ?^ C5 ^ T— H 2^ X a H U w^ hH ■^ > ^ H n^ r/7 ;z; 3 W O > o <5 o a: P c.XC5CiC (m' ro~ i-T r-T a > 1 i r^ ? 2 g " X u Q "" W »0-^©©©0«C.'J<^ c^ « ©" « ©' <^ i « ■^r^ ^ N 1 < s O a -^ s 33 2i tl) < -< —* <; >- n < ^: E^ > O "r; Q Z 1 2 2 18 INLAND REYENVE8 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 as O P5 cc i— ! o Oi -U (M ^ O -iJ 1 — 1 ^ -|J rr, ti (U 3 o ^ o « < cS H fl r/; •" cc kJ O 1-4 l-H pn r^ 02 W ^ c eg i-i ^ CO ^ ^ S « c — -c ■liJ Oi -s o - 'V* h5 •*-^ ■ > a; ® t^ T)< O O i-i l^ lO O O 00 i ;:;- FINANCIAL RETURNS 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 I ig Q © O O ooc o o © a CO X O r: •^co © in c: IS Tf< •* '3 ^ rf in to 1-1 1 CO O .-H m'-t o in I H e<5 1 'i' 1 1 ^ ■ • lom © o • ■ t-IM T '*' '^ Z- c ^ - t^O 00 • 00 o 00 * o 00 X S.r'^ 1 . .(M (N -ts T. © T-i in m l-> 'O'C t- • o lOODIN t- Ci 5 £ ® £"3 t^C: O C^ © 25 t^ m r~r-l 13 TP m M 'i'^^'M « Q o i-H ^f©"^' t>r -u 1 ■/. OC5 ■ •' 05 ZJ incrs _ • •"J" ■« S„ c o rN .n • • ?^ Sr ^ S «1 b-t>. m j 'ilii^ s- ^ c, 1 s . o ^ p U 0 "-^ M • ; _^ • • ^ :0 ■ Is ■ o"? '■ t^-2-e 5 III S O 0.3 £. x^ c a.H^=;| !^ «"^^ .2 - fS -.' cS i. U C iS c3 -^ O O §FMQ " ■ p; r r ^<^ pi — "^ ^^ -2 ^^^^ ^ o o .55 5 © CO ./ © CS ^ CO © in oi in Tf 1 rf -2 s^ -Mn o ^ CO i-H c<5 -»" © m H CO 'f ■ 1 ! 4 © © © © © ^ ox©© cc © © © © 05 "^ a. 2 o -t> ^ ^ o in m © JSiS ^n^'y: ^^'2: §- I■.:£ s^ rH © t- S~'5^- co'im" in ^ §4'^ '"' ^" 1 1 ? fcJD ft ^ 12 20 Dr. INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 No. 11.— SUNDRY MINOR REVENUES, 1903-1904. Cr. Accrued during the Year ended June 30, 1904. Totals. Deposited to the credit of the Receiver General. Totals. 8 cts. 378 00 177 00 13 63 S cts. 378 00 177 00 13 63 Fertilizers Inspection Fees Adulteration of Food lees 8 cts. 378 00 177 00 13 63 568 63 8 cts. 378 00 177 00 13 63 Totals. 5(js 63 568 63 568 63 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Dr. No. 12.— MINOR EXPENDITURES, 1903-1904. 21 Cr. Amounts received from Department to meet Exjjendi- tures. Totals. 8 cts. S cts. 33 41 33 41 Minor expenditures. Con- tingencies. Totals. S cts. § cts. .33 41 33 41 IxLAXD Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Mimster 22 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 No. 13. — Statement showing the quantities of the several articles subject to Excise and the Duty 1902. Articles Sub,ject to Excise Duty. Quantities. Ex-Manu- factory. Ex- Warehouse. Totals. Duty. Spirits Gallons;. 2,488 Imported. Gallons. 2,933,183 *187,759 Gallons. 2,93.5,671 187,759 S cts. 5,561,785 41 56,327 57 Totals 2,488 3,120,942 3,123,430 5,618,112 98 Malt liquor, the duty being paid on malt 27,023,767 27,623,767 369 70 Malt Lbs. Lbs. 71,440,519 Lbs. 71.440,519 1,071,608 74 Cigars — Foreign Canadian Combination No. 79,815,531 2,961,230 2,927,345 No. 62,268,040 750,920 3,0.56,850 66,076,410 1,315,450 975,000 No. 142,084,171 3,712,150 5,984,195 151,780,516 852,508 68 11,136 45 17,952 61 Totals 85,704,106 130,963,584 881,597 74 Cigarettes- Foreign Canadian 132,279,034 975,000 982,000 134,2.36,034 Lbs. 7,109,309 2,932,043 1,282,806 173,188 T2,2SVyh 397,099 86 1,462 50 1,473 00 Combination 982,000 Totals 131,945,584 2,290,450 400,035 36 Tobacco from Foreign leaf 11 Canadian leaf Lbs. 666,696i, 2,731,051' 713,156 173,188 Lbs. 6,442,612* 200,992" 569,650 1,777,327 41 146,640 32 11 Combination leaf . ' Snuff 64,102 24 31,635 70 Canadian twist 72,286i 3,614 33 Totals 4,284,091^ 7,285,541 10,704,9611 ll,569,(;32i 10, 704, 961 j^ 2,423,350 36 Raw leaf tobacco, foreign 1,137,279 05 Total duties on tobacco cand cigarettes. j 3,560,634 41 Vinegar Acetic acid 42,881 40 8,762 31 Licenses, spirits M malt liquor II malt 2,500 00 6,600 00 6,200 00 II cigars 15,762 50 11 tobacco 2,944 00 11 bonded manufacutures 2.425 00 II acetic acid 1 . 100 00 11,220,498 78 ' spirits imported for use in the manufacture of crude fulminate, on which duty at the rate of 30 cents Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. FINANCIAL RETURNS 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Duty taken for consumption, dui'ing tlie years ended June 30, 1902, 1903 and 1904, accrued thereon. 1903. 1904. Quantities. Ex-Manu- Ex-Ware factory. house. QU.VXTITIKS. Duty. Totals. Gallons. I Gallons 1,019' 2,979,268! Imported. '228,480 Gallons. Ex-Manu- factory. Ex-Ware- house. Duty. S cts. ! Gallons." 2,980,287( 6,091,782 97' 6,458 228,480 68,543 92 Imported. 1,019 3,207,748 25,755,1541 3,208,767 25,755,154 Lbs Lbs. Lbs. 67,608,157 67,608,157 Gallons. I 3,481,287 *225,326 Totals. Gallons 3,487,745 225,326 6,160,326 89 2,910 20 6,458 27,335,985' 3,706,013 3,713,071 Lb No. No. I No. 83,121,844 76,003,9,30 159,125,774 2.18.5,260 696,100 2,88!,360l 2,740,073 3,543,215 6,283,288 1,014,123 00 954,766 50i 8,644 08! 18,849 87 Lbs. r5, 430,347 S ct.s. 0,001,801 10 67,597 85 6,669,398 95 No. 87,942,740 1,609,040 3,588,387 No. 82,991,404 591,200 .3,762,425 88,047,177 80,243,245 168,290,422 982,260 45 93,140,173 87, "^45,029 27,335,985 Lbs. 75,430,347 No. • 170,934,150 2,200,240' 7,3.50,812 2,489 00 1,131,455 78 1,025,625 27 6,600 72 22,052 48 180,485,202' 1,054,278 47 175,489,240' 607,000 176,<»96,240 530.836 22 204.350,900 1,241,400 205,-592,300 620,581 90 122,660 217,666 339,000 508 50 4,764,«50' . '945,091 5,709,741 8,564 62 175,611,240 824,000 1 Lbs. Lb?. 1)76,4951 6,685,0791 3,048,926 102,7985 1.011,93.31 758,8331 170,622": ■ 176,435,240 Lbs. 7,361,575 3,151,7241 1,770, 707 ■ 170,622 53,256 12,507,944i 11,615,963:1: 531,344 72 209,115,5C0 2,186,491 Lbs. Lbs. 1,840,393 95 785,548 7,036,102 157,586 17 2,927,747 66,104 88,538 48 920,698 612,497 31,196 85 178,057 211,-302,041 Lbs. 7,821,650 2,993,851 1,533,195 178,0.57 47,771 12,574,.524 12,139,700 629,146 52 1,955,412 87 149,692 64 76,660 00 32,702 23 1 53,256 2.662 80 47,771 2,388 58 1,907,977 ! 7,599,967A 11,615,9631 2,651,722 97 4,812,050 7,762,474 1 94!) isr.fl 1- ^^^^^Q too 2,846,002 84 1,278,455 09 .3.901.292 14 _ 4,124,457 93 ' 4.'?n2.'? r^i 42,743 28 G,'028 49 . 2,600 97 2,500 00 2,7-50 00 . 0 575 00 6,550 00 6,500 00 . . . 6,100 00 l(i 235 00 16,545 00 .. 3,324 50 .3,221 0<» 2,000 00 2,l> c ■^ O -^ u CO 05 O > OS © 1—1 o ^ -u rf :m y; o ^ 2 o a. El D O c J2; M 1 ^ t^ 3 O X O O 1-1 1- J (M ■" © © t- _^ > m CO in ! ^ -* © m r^ c © © I*! 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" © X TT 1-1 1-1 1-1 X r -f Tf" t-T x' P3 n in (M © «o © '■ -eo ©©^o © 1 © •© l^ ^© a > C5 • ^ t~ t^ X © IT © . .IM ©in®© X ! d o (M © ;o • c ; "U* • lo in ■* co'm © T-i • eo .- CO © ® ■^ 1 o CO •©« ■ c > i-i ■ ® (M X t^ ly IM © ■ -® CO •* IM ■* CO J3 ^ iM -^-^ • © m ■* CO iM s ift o -in © © xin CO i-i©©©©ininnin t^ ;s © • ?; ir: i.- © CO TJ 1-1 © • X o © m i-. X ® O ® rH © t^ t-- © IM X 0 o t~© ^t^CilS 0^ IT 1 CO lO • IM (M -* ^ X l-^ ©mmioinint^i-ico t^ *^ 10 lO UO CO =: --r: © V 1 *Q »q •© (M rf © T TC CO t- c 1 2 O c3 I>|_3 » > J Is 1 /II^I.hI^ 1 * j. .2 ^ 5f>*^ ■e.^'g .'..2 iz tic*--"^ J ^ H t 1 1-5 «J 71 FINANCIAL RETURNS 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 ?J X — lO cc o^ o" o'c^rT-j'^o'i-T C: r =: O O r O O -r o o c o o ri c- L- T) O 30 ^ ec c o "S o o 'S o I w o o t^ 'o o i~ t^ : CN I t^J » — o lO ■>£ t^ ;£ o M rM t^ X »;; 1-1 i.-S -r ■M IS rH ca I — CO rH CO I — ■-^ M CM • O ^: r- ?i ;S 1-i X -^ o n fM -r c: o o c; 5-i o X >o t~ (M n CM CO -* I- -!• o o >o o o t - CI CO CO :o cri ri ■v c; cj -r i-O CM CO 3-1 ■* © CO X c; »o c; t^ m X © IS "* CM CM rfi CM t^ © CM CO©©C©©©rt<-^ ir-H ©©©©1-^OlOXX !?■] ©©^,-^»t>t-t^X© I© OCO© CO©')'©© IX ©r-CO ©r-Jh-XCO It^ — © -!■ IS © CM 0^1 © CI X I- r- t~ t^ CO M © © CM in CO IS lO C^l I- © t^ -^ X id T* IS -i* I-l © © t^r- ^ ?::■?■£ o tz ^// r: ^ ^ ir ;j ei ai ^ > S ~ _o T^ ai be— 1 -4-> " T" c =^ 3 — ^ ss -§ ^ _• fc. 2? :§ .- -c H ^^ 'JJ j- ^ a a; 1-1 ^ > 2i s Ph -S 2 % tc-^ r ■ '' c X ■ "Z o : c ■' te K — * C o "- ^-' a^ .2. 2 "5 ■A iL_3 ft > 4S 0! U J3q^ -^1 c °* •'*^0^ -r. 0 ^ ;yj — % 'V. 1; > 0) m 0 ct a: C ; , >- 2 0 _c a; '^ .^ ^0 26 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905- o O o o 00 001^©© © IC' © m _ © © 0 i^ If t^ift CO CO © c ©oco © c^i -2 ci ri © t^ iM 0 © © rH © in -)< © © • 0 s; © X c; i~ in 10 M X' — © 1 C M C 0 71 -f © ro © (M C :r m CO m © t- 1 X CCl- © © (M I<1 © — t^ t~ X © »--: 1.- 1- © L- — M ■^ ©IS r- 01 T^ © © © 1 t- te © © l-Cl^© t- ■* N -^ I.- r, c: 74 iC CO rr CO XCO © 1 * ^ " 0 T-l ^■" 'M i-H r-l © r-l 1^ CO i-T coT-Tr^inrH © -»• N rH -© rH m Jh X Tf © Ci c © © ®_^ ©_ T— T-T ^ rn" r^ _, .:::•. :.o © CO •in X ^ ■ ' ." m i © iS r-l •. X in m ■<»< c © .^.2 u •* c © -rf ■ Oin CO rl © I^ • 0 X X T-l IM (M •c r- -^ -rHIM-^C^I © X •IM COCO-* rH CO 0 X © © © 0 0 -* © IM ■rf X IM CO €^ t-^ l> 0 ct x' ©r T-l i-H . . '" 0 0 • CO g^ £5»« CO ^ — M t— ^H :^ <5 ■'■^ 10 • Tt< (M eo T-i © t (M © t-- .55 0^ © CO t- "l £ €© cc" im" t^ 92 s. t- r- ^ T -t 9 ti -»" 0; © © IM -lO ©-* •<*■ •^ ■rt<©©i.':©io©© •^r ©c 0 in © T-H IT t~ 1 0 0 © -.jt .t^irj ■^ -i< in©©co©t>.w© X in© CO eo © ■* CM t~ d 0 ■*> I-l © 10 • t^ T-l © © © lOr^©C0.-<.-lX© © xc © in x-* © ■* 0 lO (M © ■ 10 ^ ej^ 1 t :« !-^ C 'C P-> . ^•SP7t^:S^ iIIIIjIII 3 ES ^ :i FINANCIAL RETURNS 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 .— c: O O — lO O' •>) o e<) t^ t^ ic e^ i^i :£ C-. I ^ cr. -^ — — . — 00 in 1-1 o >— ~ vc »n ^ .-H o o 03 I "i^ O r^ • J^ CM in X cc ~ •x 1-1 -^ n 00 M t- M IC o T— ! O l^ 10 (^5 O t^ ~ o Tt< :c 5M T-^ 'S' O -f I (M ~ t-- n ic -f in C5 C5 — . o o M t - O M JC T— X in o © pfi-T O I IM ?^C5 O O T-< t^ o .n ■xocoooinocm >-"o©in^©t^!Mt>. in ■M — in © i^ c; :c •-»< iM v; 1— X ~ X CO t^ 00 0 re c. :^ ^t c; "f in" — ■— ' ci t; IM -r -I- .,3 i"S-^''r =: ' t— 0 3: in w X t« 0) C _ = 3: -^ -H "tS bc^ g i? s pi §- O >6 P5 28 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EXCISE J^o. 15. — Comparative Monthly July. 1 August. 1 September. October. November. Snirits. 'I^^fill^!- ••• $ cts. 461,778 78 523,356 39 61,. 577 61 $ cts. 463,136 68 515,4.59 87 .52,323 19 .$ cts. .522,155 23 606,135 48 83,980 25 $ cts. 579,236 64 617,207 93 37,971 29 $ cts. 518,642 76 ^ 1 1903-1904 618,157 58 Increase, 1903-1004 Decrease, 1903-1904 99,514 82 315 00 383 60 100 00 505 10 ^■>"i-^'- liSSS!:::;: 6,275 00 6,313 50 150 00 100 00 142 30 300 00 Increase, 1903-1 904 38 50 68 60 405 10 157 70 Decrease, 1903-1904 50 00 ^r ,, 11902-1903.. .. -^'^" 11903-1904... . 81,817 94 93,761 39 73,860 19 86,782 40 85,982 01 82,273 48 88,049 84 91,166 78 81,829 68 90,591 62 Increase, 1903-1904 11,943 45 12.121 82 3,116 94 8 761 94 Decrease, 1903-1901 4,508 92 Tobacco 11902-1903 •^°'^'^^<^° 11903-1904. ... 340,176 36 3.55,764 95 319,0.59 13 .337,301 42 353,722 89 353,400 81 360,130 71 387,419 48 6,407 82 34,018 67 . . . i _ . . 325,417 97 360,453 19 Increase, 1903-1904 Decrease, 1903-1904 15,58.S 59 18,242 29 35,035 22 j <^- .^,, (1902-1903 98,273 10 106,452 26 82,877 23 82,990 17l 89,016 90 92,261 02 93,731 33| 93,320 28 86,841 75 = 1.1903-1904.. ,. 89,952 75 Increase, 1903-1904 8,179 16 9,383 79 10,741 16 4,303 38 3,111 00 Decrease, 1903-1904 ^--Aei.. {!?S!:::- 1,200 49 337 32 269 61 236 86 1,429 62 182 12 625 56 95 07 Increase, 1908-1904 Decrease, 1903 1904 .^63 17 32 75 804 06 87 05 Manufactures in bond . [ }5o.3-i904 ' " ' .3,894 46 4,993 34 4,556 69 4,235 08 6,280 54 6,734 03 7,112 29 6,718 58 831 75 15 45 3,490 12 .3,724 .53 Increase, 190.V1904 Decrease, 1903 -1904 662 23 75826 234 41 Seizure.s i}l?r.-}t?.^, 505 00 265 30 343 70 10 00 175 00 100 00 60 15 1 1903-1904 225 00 soo m 523 00 Increase, 1903-1904 534 70 1 90 00 462 85 Decrease, 1903-1904 280 00 168 70 1.101 43 9,697 84 <^*— ii'" {SIS!::::: 13,995 91 8,834 93 1,610 97 2,061 21 3,472 57 3,125 02 2,772 76 2,744 80 Increase, 1903-1904 8..596 41 ! 4.50 24 Decrease, 1903-1904 5,160 98 ' 1 317 55 27 96 ' 1,019,197 49 1.166.447 47 Total Revenue, 1902- 1903 1903-1904 1,007,917 04 1,099,602 43 91,685 39 945,877 91 1,05.5,415 52 1,120,252 91 1,046,357 70 1,152,750 16 1,199,253 14 Total Increase, 1903-1904 Decrease, 1903-1904 100,479 79 97,334 64 79,000 23 147,249 9S 1 IxLAND Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 REVENUE. Statement, 1902-1903 and 1903-190-1. 29 December. January. S cts. 447,226 31 479,794 29 32,567 98 February. March. -April. S cts. 503,2(i5 69 496,887 26 May. $ cts. 511,206 55 490,126 13 June. •S cts. 480,727 50 462,576 39 " is',i.5i'ii 537 30 537 30 Totals. § cts. 753,694 53 815,679 44 S cts. 458,788 66 508,406 41 S cts. 462,967 56 538,361 78 S cts. 1,162.826 89 6,672,148 95 61,984 91 49,617 75 75,394 22 ""6,378 -43 21,080 42 509,322 06 50 00 343 10 145 00 75 50 75 00 492 00 50 00 495 00 598 20 708 60 370 00 9,485 20 9 039 00 293 10 6956 103 20 33866 75 00 442 00 446 20 75,523 98 86,279 93 76,641 59 79,200 21 77,875 21 84,630 33 6,755 12 89.301 42 96,605 90 7,304 48 96,882 14 99,449 01 95,282 77 159,850 09 64,567 32 96.775 84 87,765 03 9^ 010 81 1,020,623 00 1,137,555 78 10,755 95 2,558 62 2,566 87 116,932 78 270,819 71 293,409 22! 317,645 82 325,856 72 332,846 88 311,5.57 15 309i,461 51| 323,613 27 362,770 27 346,891 16 40,737 44 16,052 29 5,967 45 1 77,125 94 86,840 43 65,268 25! 68,408 63 67,594 31 72,236 89 36,913 55 14,044 28 75,923 19, 83,498 53 1 87.577 62 88,769 67 321,711 09 350,550 04 3,904,616 64 338,388 58 333,927 24 4,127,678 93 16,677 49 88,986 07 95,294 30 9,714 49 3,140 38| 4,642 58 7,575 34 1,192 05 6,308 23 43 76 613 10 569 34 333 38 57 67 188 82 288 59 188 82. 288 59 2,379 41 1,563 85 j 1,195 10 1,382 99 187 89 815 56 26 661 r83 00' 756 34 3,560 20 2 502 63 1,057 57 27 06 50 00 22 94 2,020 61 8,911 68 6,891 07 1.183;224 19 885,933 14 1.306,162 63 947,284 81 122,938 44 61,351 67 275 71; 2,421 36 1,015 76 1,405 60 2,372 92 2,616 17 3,096 49 3,122 63 1,698 15 38 84 16,622 80 223,062 29 96,020 92 998,495 45 100,057 38 1,070,823 47 4,036 46 72,328 02 971 36 219 14 1,659 31' 4,209 93 4,850 05 752 22 100 00! 50 00 243 25 5 00 26 14 640 12 426 76 1,300 00 873 24 50 00 2,124 03 4,447 10 2,323 0^ 926,957 77 994,457 43 5 00 2,680 46 4,824 67 2.144 21 2,474 84 3,117 36 642 52 959,599 27 1,027,065 42 1,088,916 14 1,040,423 88 67,499 66 129,316 87 13,358 46 342 95 3(i7 59 24 64i 3,955 84 4,444 66 6.128 49 2,700 97 488 82 717 35 40 00 677 35 1,544 63 3,404 75 1,860 121 2,735 27 3,216 60 481 33 1,025,690 74 1,032,991 42 1,092,690 33 992,246 44 66,999 59 40,744 i)8 3,427 52 45,023 54 45,343 28 319 74 2,829 93 4,413 59 1,583 66 40,093 68 56.888 59 16,794 91 12,190,122 82 13,126,592 56 936,469 74 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 30 INLAAD REYENVES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 .-H ,-1 M (M ^ -^ (MfOCmOt-'-lOl^t:^ ■M r: in t- -^ T-i Ci "-J o ic L* -M C^ CO C -H •* 1-1 c: I- — i-j e OC OCCO OC 00 xxxooxcoxxxx 5 C«5 CO CC CO M C<5 eC CO CO CO CO (M !<5 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 5 ■M U^ (M C^ W 5^1 I<1 -M S<1 Ci ri -M ri cictcjcsc;— . ci©~~ — c;~r:c;c:~©r)<-»"*'-*-q'-*>-i<-rc5r5 (M (M 5>1 5-1 M 7-1 'M C5 (M ■M C>1 n I^ IM C^l C-l C-l C S> P4; Tf -^ C5 oi o; © 1^ r- — r- 5-1 ?1 -5 o X < r- - -:; ;-C £ jg 2.£ s c , - O .5 c tic Q 25 ;z; 1^ S " . - V=* 1^1-^ ^ - >'^ ^ ._^3j-r_— s?S paai^^! S-C 1.^ 5^ c=i>>'.S;^ Jo:? :q :o •s^ ~M . '^ ^.# 1} C FINANCIAL RETURNS 33 SESSIONAL PAPhR No. 12 (MiOO«mc<5iOlONO©t~'ri-i(MlCX©r-i(MC:i^'S< Tf! N (M !M IM C<) !M C<) 1^1 C^i -f<-*T»<©©©Tj<-^-"-^--t<©^ . ... . — _. — _. _. co«coiMNC s- fc. S C O- o S I ci.S 5-:s .5 x^ c 5.2 >< . ^ t; « c 2 " £: CO — xc^iicioxxx — t^©©©©©t>•c<^c'5c»;c<5co«e<5l^5^c^5^^c«5 ccMccr^cccocc©©©;^© ©© o©© T- — IM^-Jl-Hr-i^C^,-H~q -hX?; O'^.i^ JO : to tic 5.= 3=' > t; — - .S c*. .50 ^- :^;c: ;^i:OiH-xO> 0:2 n" o fe S " "2 o >> S -O OJ '■^ -'" ~, '-. '"'. -? S r -, 5 j^, ►£ Lli " -^ -? r ^ K/ :I1 J : ^ . . -o • • C fcD •'O.s : i<^ ^ : ,|» • -Si: tsi 12—3 34 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII.. A. 1905 (Mt^'MOt^ia:^© rt" (N ».-: -^ ^- CC rH © OOCCCOXXXCCCCOOXXCOOOXiCOaOCO oooocooococooooo t>. t^ t- 1^ t^ l^ t- 1^ Pi C-3S^(NS _ K s ^ (^ .--5 fe S'S^> :^^ !_: 5^ -' >i • -T ■ 'O : « ; 5 t-5 ; « :2 : • c • • in '. tiC •32 • -a • G ■ (=4 • . be • h^ :2 :=^ ■ '~^ <; 'Z c if Ssss ^M^ 5 1^ r. a; 3Sa^^^o5^S^g^MaxH^S^^-^x±x£^'JJx""^^:c:gSMa X ■ — FINANCIAL RETURNS 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 oo"^x©iot^ooo^ oioooo~oom;5in(Moo-4< ic i^ o c^ ^ o o r-1 i-H •«" eooooxr©© O lO (M !M iH X m CO O C^l 1-1 iri c-1 :o !M c; 1-H y-Trf © 01 •* ©ri©©«©o©-vrr- t~t-lO«©^C50' > s SO"; bDT3 ■ • .Br-2 ^ 9 ^ 2 "2 o -2-3 O a :S i; o c; xxxxxxx~rsc: r: a:c; © o o ; iM N ©©©©©©©© ■^^t~t— t~t~t^-*-rTf ^ Oi U OM ^ = ^1 •^ 53 ■.y^ 2 c g c S^ C 3 ^ S ^ S OJ 1- O ^ •^ 1-5 O 1-1 c o - O ^. . o-c :c •a Q.- ^.P^ ^ =^J 0 =h^ -^ bi ,-4 "^5 3 M > a c- a: 2 . II ^ Q H Pi. PC ^ 0 3 -J a S^S« 1 -^^ -T-r ." 5^ -i2 5 -^ cSlH ^«-'-- ^h:2:k< 12—31 36 INLAND REYENVES 4-5 EDWARD VII.. A. 1905 Totals. 1 1 ^ < a 0 88 4 59 29 92 ■M in 5" (Miso©»©©:c CO ec ^ c rt . c ::; X 0^ >< ? X o X :: a- c > i - -* r^ '^ :^ ■"" o ce im rt o ^ •- g r" 0 Sr 0 c5 " ."^^ W '— " C — '■•— "t^ " - ■^ ■^ c */ "^ "^ ^ — ■*^ ^ M — "5 5 5"'^ * ;r^^ Q --< o T- a ^ -.;^ O o o^ • ^J rS ■3 x '^^ = ". — S §^ 1 o 1 ■; 2 x^ -5 0" 5: C ./■ =.- X i = t- • ^ Q c ^ ^^ ^ • *- ^^ a *r^ > ? ^ >-. i -r . „: FINANCIAL RETURNS 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 ,-! ©cO(M(M30-!f'coccu-5t<-.ro.c-oi*»n i- -r Mcoo-^'Sr-son^'i^xr^s:©'— o;— ii-ixnx'^i-iOirit^isot^oD t^iOS^©x:c<5r;c;io^-*"'>2©-»"X 'O N M «M I'l ?Q OJ 5<1 M 1-1 S (D 1 K» (=; ^ oo HH o O 03 X Q H o !2i 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 iMoeoxt^rcot-'N«t-©o:»cxt^c;©tiiS© .-i©c;;oeiiMoo©x(Ni-( eo © i-H -^ tt X 1^: --i -^ -*< C<1 tH .-I (M Tf CJXXXOOQCXXXCOqOXXXXXXXXXX XXX©OXXXXXXCO C<1 (M (M (M C- H.g^.r^5 2^^ I FINANCIAL RETURNS 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 — OOO00OO©Ot^t-»0 C-^OOOtHIM JOW (NOOO© O© T-Ht-l~t-©O00©©COO©(N 0000 5ioooSt>-!5xir:->2oot~t^ fiMt--iM?0(MC5 tot- m-^inoos: cics ;DeOi-it~rt?:©'!j>c<)c^t~©-*«! t-. r-( t~ r-t rt m rr C oo«»oo©oc©aocooooocc (MIMC^(M(M1C-1 IM(MC^(N(M ', rS -j;SSd:oJ^- d -is oCh 1-3 " Sh5 :q • 5 o sS. so O 'CO ( O w '3- lO -^ lO >— I CO i-( O N Tf r- 1 •* C<5 T-l t-l iK t^ O X lO lO r-H ?q O CC •*' -^ !M n t- 05 o c. ir; :c -T ci — — c 3 s sli 1^ l-iHr- g^£ ?i !^ J £ :- 3 g 3 - jj 5 ^5cOOO«;o:it^L^XOOC:c:On !M M !M ?^ (Tl IM (N (M ^1 W !M 5<) (M C;-|=:==5^^ii i-''^ 9^ S ? -/T . ^. .. ■13 3—; ""^ 3J e~ -^ kh'^^ok; -c p tT III a^^oi- ''<, 42 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ai e5 i B £ O O CC O •* f ox oo 13G 47 1 07 135 90 1,3GG 20 224 10 125 GO 10 77 3 G2 in© oco men 1"(M O— Ot^OOO©?1C2i~ c C5 p:5 ps3 o ■> I 05 Ci c: C". CI 05 c; c: (^Cjooco xcoocco 0000 ooxooaoocaoGcccocccioo iO rt M e<5 ... CO C5 CO CO e<5 CC CO C3 CC 00 cc Tf rt" -r -T C0C0C0C0C0COC0C0COC0P5 w^§ ci CJ cs «8 . -=• ■* •:- S O " c5 KM O C^ C^ O O C2 cceo»o>n r^ t- IM IM(M(M (M IM t.-l.-CiH(NIM«0«0»OiO© O ^r-|j .-S • X ■ :o : ;^ . • X • .■^ • *a • aj - 0) •^ ■ 7. : H aJ^ -t^ 0 3^. •- 5 = y. " — ; % U !«"5 d o Q k> ^ '^ r* o :o r s;^:. FINANCIAL RETURNS 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 (MOO OOiOl~iO>OC:-*iC4C IC aOC5 IsiSc^ -^ =5 t~ CJ TT CX> r-l CO O « iTi » -* ODtnnOOOL-OOOOOlO-^O »Tf«t^OC.lOOrOXOr-'-T ;i-i.-(cxii-i iMi-HOiOt-o^oox-i- >ioo !M mincc!Mocc^c)c<5~-^ XOCOD 00X'»O2C:C5C:C5~s: {N(MC-) ;;5.-^h<^-2 m ff.t^t>.t^t~t-.t^ '■hi d - c --co ;o o '^ =M '=? .-.=J^.,-, S ■S ?^-"^ < £ &0 S.;r i- C'~^'C a: w - -- o s 5:2 X °2-< -= ^'T3'=' i*^ o ■S'O ;C3 5 C Ci-IH; .^. )^ E^ •-iO'~Z'^< ri. — S i- Cx2^5^ 44 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 CO IM © O N l~ O ;_J »J u^ t^ ^— ' O © t^ CO c 1— I IS rH C<5 -^ i-l t : M 1-1 ^ r- in o t^ M e ?c tS W C © T) ^ CCO*niCOiOiOlC 00 CO Si 30 ac CC X © xcc ooccccccoooo rt<-t''*-»<-t>-f'^ ^: « c^ ^5 cc CO CO 00 : CO CO CO CO C-- n -*■•»> Tf -f M CO CO CO CO CO CO Tt" -^ -^ -f tT -^ • p? P5 P5 o • cj ^ :S C Oj >^ 3: o (- E. c« C - rz £ C o iS©^^OOOOCD tr ^ -H ,-( 1-. ,-1 to ' (N (M fq C5>lii ;£:iiX:r-t^OOO'-i-^i— iT-li-l ^^, ' r-i ^ 1-1 0;D :r « I 1^1 (M C<1 J'l I<1 Cl M IM (M N IM iM iM 1^1 iM OT-ii-i-f-ticoeDo <: •< B - ■~ '- V r O o b-S 8 :: o -o O t-^ 2 ,' ^6 < P^ ft o fl< ■ • X ►^^ - TO g.S's: s .-l(MC<5©©iOiO ■J (M M (N ClOOOOOO ©©0OCO00COC-. 00000005 OOOGO'X COODXCIO t- 1^ CO CI CO CO ir; ?■: CO so m coco coco coeococococoeocot - -: S ■ c ^ r- c; c_ ^ _^ ^ ^ ^ .^ ^— *J .— -■ o i; rr ^ £ ffiS^SHSHaQoSo H 3s trx 3 » :© :» tt cc -^ ■-; -^ t£--r OL^t^i-i .-i'+''*.oo OiOlCKM OOCCCCX) •o :>J H' :o O) 'hk^ • ~ ' C . CJT3 2 S ' ^ Mi < :< HU<;^xSti- ^C5 ""2 t."^ii2'?-§ S FINANCIAL RETURNS 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 coca X o o w ?-i © ooooxooint^oci— «ct~oo©oooooocfl©c '. ^ J -1 ■ » ■ s S O o o 2:j §SS _2 O g a2H 1-5 ^MfS O i©0©©0©©©©© ©©icicoio• iT. w 1 "rt m X »f iC :c O w © CC ~ *3 >— O "M C<1 CO aU O IM N 1 H iCx ^"^ > s's" r. m ; ;§ O 5 a - ^ "^ o ^O«>O Oi rx" i-T c P5 FINANCIAL RETURNS 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, GAS, ELECTRIC LIGHT AND LAW STAMPS. No. 18. — Statement showing amount of Revenue accrued during Year ended June 30, 1904. Dr. Weights and Measures Stamps. Gas Stamps. Electric Light Stamps Law St.-vmps. Supreme Court. Ex- chequer Court. Yukcm Territorial Court. Yukon Mining Court. S cts. Totals. To amount of stamps des- troyed or re- turned by dis- tributors S cts. 4(i 95 S cts. S cts. •S ct.s. 8 cts. S cts. S cts. 46 95 252 49 142,485 44 129,389 07 To commission allowed .... 72 50 • 179 99 24,387 75 10,266 25 4,200 25 1,942 75 To amount of stamps remain- ing in hands of d i s t r i butors, June 30, 1904.. 49,3.35 14 28.186 55 36,375 75 19,022 25 To balance, be- in? the revenue during 1903- 1904 66,405 51 26,955 00 1,377 50 3,419 81 Totals 115,787 60 5.5,141 55 55,398 00 1,450 00 3,599 80 34,654 00 6,143 00 272,173 95 Cr. By amount of stamps in the hands of dis- t r i b utors on July 1, 1903. . . By stamps issued by Inland Rev- enue Depart- ment during the year Weights and Measures Stamps. S cts 50,305 00 65,482 00 Gas Stamps. Electric Light Stamps. Law Stamps. Totals S cts. i S cts. 29.054 05I 36,248 OO' Supreme Court. E.\- Yukon Yukon chequer Territorial Mining Court. Court. Court. S cts.j S cts. I -S cts., .8 cts.' 8 cts, 13,154 00 26,087 50 19,150 00 1,450 00 3,599 80 21,500 00 3,500 00 2,643 00 131,404 65 Totals 1115,787 60 55,141 55 55,398 00 1,450 00 3,599 80 3 J, 654 00 6,143 00 140,769 30 272,173 95 Inland Revenue Department, Ottaava, Augu.st 19, 1904. 12—4 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 50 INLAXD REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII.. A. 1905 o K < 05 o — ^ — © X -f t~ X c © in. CO ,_. © © t* ^ •^ i M tT a: IM CO CO T o © ■» '^ ■—I o -* t^ X X 1 * o Oi c; c-i o (M © -f CO o © 1 X © Tf" X ^ ■t" 'T 1 » t^ X -,; 00 X t^ 'T T-i m 1 3^ 5 — fe in CO -S «& CO 00 i-H J^l (X o CO CO ©C-. m rf X ©_^ .*i o ir:"(M ^ c« (M -f T-H i^in CO X TJ< CO 1— -*> H o ■M CO © in ■ • ^^ "nT" i ■ © • © (M : :'^ © > J= _'T3 o ■ l-H • T-l © ■ . .^ n< H 2 2 IM «^ • -x X Q 0-' °° Is" lO >— 1 1-1 :0 O CO ■ © m i-i © (M © coxin © ,_H t<£ H m M ■* O CO i-H cs o I-H l-H ■* 00 ta 1-1 X © m ^ CO S5 a: H S rA ■s O CO(M N "-I Si r-l^© © CO ©m 1-1 CO © 35 g 05 C-. c: CO -fi m t-HTfC^,-! X CO !-(•* X ^ CV O 0_^ CO f o_^© © -n^ iH CO CO ©__1-H T © pq rA-^S^lCiCi TfcO'co'lN" IM IM c^f « -^ • O » 1^ I'l •* •* X m ©05 ,_) © rH ^ in l~ CO B posited he credi of Receive eneral. ^ o-rtc-Ht-. © CO CO o in © l^ 1-1 -r© o iM >-l b--t< O ^ CO i-H CO in CO X t^CO M< in X ir: cc coco 'J" © © © Tt< © © COX-i- © t-- m CO t^»0 00 o © CO t^X ■'T -r ©,--f (N co co'x Xizs a t^ ©CO C<1 r-l t~ CO CO CO 1 ^5 1 o ■ o • • ^ o o ~in"~ -i-'? ^ i o CO ■ © ■ m '"' ■ =^2 >^ u ^J CO -t" P '■'-^ CO s 1^ i; o S< N Rh' «i ^ o fei c • ■ s 1 5 > > a <5> s" o : : o O 05 :o CO Tt< t^ X © o in CO ,_4 ©©b- in ■rr ^ CO '!>< c: (M CO' CO -f lO © -S" Tf- — ^ m -* i^ X X M o C: Ol fN O (M © ^ (M m © © •*! x-^ ■* •* <-H :s t^ 00 ^ » X l^Tf< rH in CO X© b- in CO «? #^ COOC ^ C\l CO in coco © 05 -*l ©T-© X © .«^ o J3(M >-J N (M ~f T-^t^iSn X ■* co'i-T ■^'~ 1-1 Eh I-l 1-1 1-l I-J ^ IM CO ^ . . . © a: M ■ o © S ;::. o in in ■^'5 • 1-1 o S m tf ■ • © © © © © © © 4) OJ ■3& • in [ in (M ; ; '. ^ (£ ~o o © o o ® o © © © © © © © ^ © ill o OOOOO J.- rf (M O O © © in© • in iM t~ ■ © © ©o© © ©© © o in t~ -^ 00 i-i Ci in © o • ffa © © X © ^ •-C o o C-. o X © © -*| Tti t^ I- CO© X 5 T— GC C-. 30 C: © i^Tfieo o" CO co" ^.i f ■" a) • "S '^ 1 -S - T! ca M s « DUE : ORS, 1903. Ca hai V.' : : • r- . . r/) ri .- ' M K'- O 05 O X-* t- x©oin CO f— ( © © t^ in -f O S., . +2 CO -»■ =; l CO CO c^ FINANCIAL RETURNS 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 ^ ! : 15 ()() 1 t 8 o C5 rr P ^ s^ tf a, ^ o 3 12—41 52 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, 1903 1904. No. 19 (B). — Deputy Inspectors of the Old Divisions in Account with Revenue. Dr. Ck. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. Balances due July 1, 1903. Cash on hand. Totals. Divisions. Balances due June 30, 1904. Cash on hand. Totals. * S cts. 87 10 $ cts. 87 10 Essex $ ots. 87 10 « cts. 87 10 . Ontario . Quebec. 87 10 87 10 87 10 5 62 87 10 Hull . . 5 62 5 62 5 62 5 62 5 62 5 62 5 62 Totals 92 72 92 72 92 72 92 72 W. J. GERALD. Deputy Minister. FINANCIAL RETURNS 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 d » << ft 5S CC ■* » CO(M rr\ --^ ** r* i(-s CO ^ •* C5 lO tS -t" t^ --I CO o t^ o o >n •sai.ipung t^ T-l O >0 05 in I— I (M i-< iH •sasnadxg; •jua-jj 80UB5SXSSV ^i3ioadg CO C<5 (M t^T«< X CO m OS CO IM » C-''" CO x-^in OS CD in«ooo t~-*osin CO O iO Tfi m t- :r CO tH X t~ 1-1 © ID 54 INLAND RET EN UE 8 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Sa O o S •saupung •sasuadxg Sui^aA'BJj, ■^uaa O i-i M t-o i-iioeo Ci 10 tOOC IftOOO ■* OOIM Tt< t- I— I 00 -* ►— I— I CO CC O — X i-i X (M ■» t^ X ■a' i^i-H ^, I = aou'B^jsissy ^'Bioaclg •sau'Bi'Bg tH I Ci T»< ,-1 = -3 ^ ^r^ ,-l(M CO i-l t-N C5 IS t~M o t^ rH t^ c: cc ©5^ M OlH t- M »OT-iCO t^o T-ioeoc: w ^ X IC «S CO -f> X PQ -3- t- l-H X Tf t^ .-' I t- CO i-T ■*' aa^uBj'Bn^) ©o © coo 1 X C^l I •90ii\;ansuj •noi^unn -u'Bjadng -ipuadxg ^aaui o^ Vuannj'BdaQ uioaj paAiaoaa s^unomy o© •* in \z X It --r X ■* X n -T i~ « X -^ I- ^ 3 1 o o - -^ FINANCIAL RETURNS 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, 1903 1904 Dr. Xo. 20 (B). — Old Inspection Divisions in Account with Expenditures. Cr. Balances due by sundry persons, July 1, 1903. Totals. Divisions. Balances due by sundry persons, June 30, 1904. Totals. S cts. 39 56 33 53 •S cts. 39 56 33 53 Essex . . Waterloo S cts. 39 56 33 53 73 09 •S cts. 39 56 33 53 Ontario 73 09 73 09 73 09 Drummond Laval Montmorency Richelieu Quebec 0 33 41 45 26 88 27 51 0 33 41 45 26 88 27 51 0 33 41 45 . 26 88 27 51 0 33 41 45 26 88 27 51 96 17 96 17 96 17 96 17 Lunenburg, Xova Scotia . . . Totals 24 00 24 00 24 00 24 00 193 26 193 26 193 26 193 26 Inland Revenue Department. Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 56 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 O l^ to N © t^ M O C> C < t-iS CO ??-* CO t~ tH (M ?5 © © C-l •I'd a -uaf[) jaAi903'jj 9q^ JO cjipajo dV[% oq pajisodaQ ©©©o©©oir:©iOO©iSS©mir:© »niciot~©©ir;-H 1 W X IS t- T— I 1— CC C5 ©CC ^ '. O '^^^ pa?:2: ■^■r, o* -^ 2 cs ©10©0©10>0©©©0 10©IO©>0©<0 i-~ t^ ir: C-1 © b- (M O © © M IM O I- U5 t- o © i-^c:cc©O5©:£C~.^'-r-rr-JXco^©i-'0-f in cc c-i t~ © 3; t^ c^ n X I." re X i-i ic i^ © CO t^t^©^co^i^n~ ■*' c. ©-rc:©©co ^ 5-f ^'CO iNifflc;) CO « I © IM (^ I X -, o t-t-i r- « 1 ,— ^, lO in t^ N CO 'T c o S3 I- CO 7'JO 25 1,127 25 1,5!)] 75 1,057 00 IS 1 o i^ § i^ © CO 00 751 25 1,0()3 25 1,371 75 80!) 00 !3 co" o lO IT c ■X. c o o o o o o o O O c5 9^ 5^ © t- -^ N r-J c^ w r: c(j c; l^ r-( o « I CO 58 INLAND REVENUES Dr. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 GAS No. 22. — Inspection Districts in 95 841 153 113 155 124 212 2,673 167 187 1,473 33 2, out 317 165 ILS 211 3,453 12,518 22 3,157 23 1,471 48 143 40 98 20 4,870 31 196 40 1,189 56 1,385 90 12 88 2,766 97 12 88 2,766 97 406 32 441 65 193 80 200 00 818 90 212 1,356 17 378 43 157 24 25,100 17 S cts. 2 00 1 S cts. S cts. 3 60 6 48 3 60 7 04 2 00 3 60 3 60 3 60 7 20 0 34 3 60 3 60 2 00 4 00 1 36 00 4 66 j 3 60 3 60 3 60 4 00 34 04 95 08 1 61 3 60 7 31 100 80 854 76 157 16 113 41 161 06 130 00 220 25 2,716 97 167 45 191 00 1,477 55 33 70 2,023 35 325 00 169 05 119 78 219 55 3,495 00 Districts. 62 54 ( 12,675 84 25 9(1 3 00 28 96 5 40 3 60 3 60 1 80 3,162 63 1,501 04 150 00 100 00 . . Barrie . . Belleville . . Berlin . . Brock ville .. . . . . Cobourg . . Cornwall . ... . .Guelph. . . . . .Hamilton . . . . .Kingston . . Listowel . . London . . Napanee . .Ottawa . Owen Sound . . . . Peterborough. . . Sarnia . . Stratford .... . . Toronto . Ontario . . . Montreal . . Quebec . . Sherbrooke . . . . . .St. Hyacinthe 14 40 I 4,913 67 Quebec . 3 60 3 60 7 20 200 00 . .Fredericton 1,193 16 ..St. John... 1,393 16 NeiC Brunswick. 27 00 27 00 7 20 7 20 3 60 3 60 96 40 . 91 40 1 ! 437 30 6 00 ; . 5 00 4 00 3 ()0 3 60 3 60 3 60 10 00 161 04 5 00 14 40 2,801 17 '..Halifax 12 88 I..Pictou . 2,814 05 I Nova Scotia. 409 92 I Charlottetoii-n, P.E.I. . 445 25 I Winnipeg, Man 100 00 !. .Nanaimo 100 00 . . New Westminster 446 90 I . .Vancouver 201 40 ..Victoria 848 30 British Columbia . 200 00 I . . General 1,356 17 i . .General expenses 378 43 !.. Printing 157 24 I . . Stationery 5 00 i 112 94 25,592 03 I Grand Totals. IxLAXD Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. FINANCIAL RETURNS 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 INSPECTION. Account with Expenditures, 1903-1904. Cr. E XPENDITURES AUTHORIZED BY FHE Department. Balance due by In- spectors, June .30, 1904. Salaries. 1 Special Assistance. Rent. Travelling Expenses. Simdries. Totals. $ cts. 100 00 S cts. 8 cts. S cts. S cts. 0 SO 82 11 14 31 13 45 30 46 30 00 14 25 75 21 65 70 17 50 94 65 2 25 (iO 95 S cts. S cts. 100 80 449 96 100 00 110 94 157 50 54 25 42 85 S.54 76 1.57 16 99 96 113 41 100 00 30 60 161 06 100 00 130 00 •^-. I m m m i^M •^ ! © t^ r-H © X •— I o © in OQ © T-l ,-r .-Tco" ! K § 2 © "O CO -* ©.-I g i§ © © r-l (Mr- in t^ i r2 o > ^ ^ t» 9 6 = g_P^O'^!^?j^ ? t o "~ Bq 5 c ^ O'X X r^ » • © in © © in ; o i-m © N (N CO CO X »-i ©in © (M in -f N rr ©X ai O fe S oj OJ < >5 1-5 J5 a s s ./©©©©© I © ^in©>o © © I © "iMin b-inin I m •* © lo m X I CO in (M loco t>. in o in © m © m © X CO :s © xco © • §§ § s g © © in © 0) in t-H © © ©o o in ©© in IN ©in CO cot^ 1—1 IM ' re X I © ;>] ^ © in 2 -P p d c=; C?-l •'~^^.? -ri:- s^ t! © © C'I "I "-C C5 C^ ^ " ~ x ^ X Ci ■• ,■% 5-1 p: rt X 00 _r , '"' -Cu X © © jj -^^ © .— I o o ■ X ^- ^- _; c . 'r' ^^^ ■T3 ,55 -u> -iJ -u C P c5 ce -.co ^ X i t; ; ^ cc I- N c £ : -2? — K X =y^ ; ^ ©_T X CC -' © XCO (M : © c8 ;; © ^ =^ i . ;z .^ ,-rx -? :'Ha: — ;^ v: -= iJ FINANCIAL RETURNS 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 ' 00 1 w x" oo© c 5 2^ ■f-S C-1 3 -•s y-^ , — . 00 i^ "^ S<1 cc © •^ CQ t~ \.~- X l^ • ©M;5^"^ .= r-^ a> M i^'c ■ 2 III I — ^ C5.-S,- S p^ X P^ ^ TI' 'XI 2: O 61 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 No. 26 — Statement showing the Amounts voted, and the Expenditures authorized fov each ser^dce for the Year ended June 30, 1904. Services. Minister's salary Departmental salaries • C^ o_ ir (M 0^ I— t^ w O c- o iiog^'pjf^ i-T u cT C£ in CO ■ .5'-' iH O C-. c CO t- « t-- t^ 1 CO 1 s o »o c ■* © © © i ® lected tory, c icies ments. -1" 1-J l^ ^ CO M ir5 CO m cc o «o CO CC S © I- ^^ t>^ in IT c-f .— . U s :c C c3 w ip 0>So fe >5'"S< m ■X. ^^ rH lO IM '> 1 t> • t- C5 N CO ■^ ■^ i^ .? C5 CO CO in X eS •* © "*- o eo co' IM IM 1 CO ;£ .- t^ ^ cr •^ CO lO CO t^ IM (N t^ CO 2 5^1 o t^ o •y 13 9 o •n ^ ir; m © '5 «.2 o »Ci oo »a eo .-1 ^ O 53 •^ C5 o t: t~ © © © © 0**" =5 ^ eg cT TJ< ?o c^ 00 00 • c " 1 ^' 1 IM' Z,-C=^ c: o a -* eo CO © "* PI 1-:] S o oc c; CO o I-H Tf * 1 © 1 eo -r x" -t t^ ^ lO CO ■* 1 ©' ^"5 ^1 CO X 1 ^ 1 in in 1 in 1 !>. t^ t- X •■o CO CO •sass'Bjoj^ 5 • CO © co" eo" © © © © : t>r t>r oT IT IS c c in r- t^ c c t~ a; c ©__ ^ i-i ^ •^t-aqAV h.^ t -Y ^ %■ o IT I IS m p 2 "g o IT • ^ c, CO ^ 1 ^ < -^ 50 in cc ^ :-■ ^ oc o •^ oc CO t^ Tt 1 1 IM 5c •S^'BO ^ ^ te ITs ? cc 1 © a © o ^ ^ © IT ?£ ir o o c ^ X Tf< o IC X © IT IT > in — Cs o C" ^ C5 t~ CO IT 1 1= > IM a •9^H J in' -t IM CO Cs X ) in o o ly 1^ -S< CO If o- CO 1-^ Q C«5_ t- c IC IM IM ? r) t- t O • ; in d 1-1 tH Si' 1 o IT c ir ^ ^ c © © © IT in CO c < o -t c o M CO t- c (M « •luoO ■^ IT — ' '. c- GC (M" CO e< „ Tt o" O t^ ^ Tt t> Cs eo CO ■»t •^ U'BipUJ h5 *1 TJ Tt «■ X M X © IM « "^ zr l^ ' § CO IM § 1 1 ^" ~ o ^ c ^ o ^ c «> t^ X -* o c^ X »a in (M • CO If g o 05_ l> •* eo IM m e< t> ■^FK ^ h^ •* cT iT »!- - « o ©" IM ' t-- © o" l- o c s «r In. CO rH t'. -f CO •>r Cs CO c^ IM i-T eo 1 5 1 - T-i r^ C o c ^ c . ^ o g o in in 1 c © bS •S99J €*& »n lO IC in >c b- c< »r m rr. S^ IM #^ o cq ^ IM © IM 00 t^ t^ z u »i" im" c ►3 1 -ox "" '^ C<) •" ""• X w ^ ■^ (M I-H 0. 3 ^" _^J ^^z 03 X p _ _ . _ "2 o ^ a > _c. % ^ u C 5 0/ a; 1 -; c: Q 1 s 1 a o 1 1 a 1 •-5 u C o 1^ > ^ w o Oi s ~ > S5 STATISTICS 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 1 >>. 1 i ^1 § 1 M t- 55 (^ m I cr 0 0 ■s © OS eo 05 © 0 "rf- m 0 0 1 !» 00 05" «" in 1 H e ! r-l ■A t- 1 ^ 1 t^ CO 1 ■^ ^ © Ci ® 1 ,-1 1 "-I eo (N 1 «* 1 |b2§ m § 8 S 2 I s j rn O S 02 !m" 1 *'" t>r \£ im" i-H C cS Oi 5S 1 1 1 X 9 ! « 2 m r s 1-^ c^ CO CO ■^ 0 0 IT m ! ^ N im' ^ n r •<*< •^ cs CO ^^ m •■£ 1-1 t^ X ■M m in cr 0 t>. CO c< b- 0 •;i«K cC 0' S c cT ,v- oc ■* CO I— W ■^ t^ •«• ^—i ec ^ •* ■^ "-I CO OS 0 0 s 0 © © a: •S9a^ €& 0 0 s in e im' ^' (N of *5 •ox X IM © t-l X •^ |^^ OQ H 0 is eo •^ 0 0 rr > C5 0 cj X^ 13 PL, s i 3 I _0 6 ■4^ 0 H 0 C 0 c f> I 12— 5i O o <1 PO sz; Q Jzi 68 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A—Co7itinued—SFIRlT^. Xo. 3. — Statement showinsr the transactions in the Distilleries in the Divisions. In Process, including Deficiencies, brought forward. Manufactured during the year, including surpluses. Returned to Distillery FOR Redistillation. Received from other Duty Paid. In Bond. Duty paid. Belleville, Ont Gallons. • 1,853 97 21,164 03 654 60 101 04 23,572 57 9,209 36 52,707 19 Gallons. 273,427 26 468,350 06 291,883 97 19,784 60 534,622 09 1,632,184 44 1,783,585 63 Gallons. Gallons. 123 69 67 35 32,019 75 Gallons. 1,726 45 2,018 30 325 86 Perth n 848 46 1,333 15 573,172 08 142,106 54 697 31 2,337 09 141 94 Totals 109,262 76 5,003,838 05 848 46 748,822 56 7,246 95 2,867 62 5,472 12 196,205 03 422,687 47 55,423 32 1 ! ' St. Hyacinthe, Que 1 Totals 8,339 74 674,315 82 Grand Totals 117,602 50 5,678,153 87 848 46 748,822 56 7,246 95 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. STATISTICS 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Dominion of Canada during the year ended June 30, 190-4. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 70 INLAND REVENUES APPENDIX A— CWimwecZ— SPIRITS. Dr. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 No. 4. — Warehouse Return Remaining Warehouse ! Warehoused from last j'ear. Galls. 579,396-60 7,011-13 724-76 824,555-07 525,321-35 3,086-44 6,428-04 24,102-88 6,106-82 1,133-33 67,379-80 6, 165 05 3,629-81 742,417-44 802-69 2,625-56 2,830,536-49 Galls. 273,502-45 475,257-77 323,649 17 *2-91 19,390 05 534,064 09 2,188,971-98 Imported. Galls. 189,260-32 4,421,482-62' 1,866,548-881 10,517-57 10,052,905-88 352,102 165,802 31,678 15,017 5,720 6,512 576,834 10,728 5,097 193 5,291 46,957 9,636 40,601 27,574 68,175 8,612 10,785,087 22 49 5,681,384-39 *2-91 191,558-08 397,007-97 53,488-2' 642,054-32 6,323,438-71 *2-91 199,777-89 25,548-28 25,548-28 225,326-17 Received from other Divisions. Galls. 32,901 24,111 4,485 98,6.32 116,891 .51,111 36,201 148,.550 05,793 106 13,717 37,486 26,910 18,797 27,624 7,748 17,581 221,712 48,046 Totals. Divisions. Galls. 885,800-55|Belleville, Ont. 31,122-40 Brantford 5,210-47 Cornwall 1,308,444-94 Guelph 965,864-75 Hamilton 54,197 42,629 172,652 71,900 106 14,850 124,256 33,075 22,427 1,493,365 8,551 20,207 5,241,220 6,346,595 Entered for Consumption. 93 Kingston 521 London 998,409-9216,932,480-99 24,708- 985,920- 269,357 105,301 79,520 35,585- 1,500,399-60 94,938-83 41,586 4,758- 46,344-89 274,043-67 35,342-56 98,147 70,157 168,304-76 -67 8,694- 3,126,478-90 568,368 1,548,730 301,036 173,807 110,795 42,097 2,744,836 105,667 46,684 4,951 51,635 68 321,000 44,979 138,748 97,731 236,479 14,573 8,612 20,460,334 Ottawa Gvt.Wse. Dep.Lab. Owen Sound Perth Peterboro' Port Arthur Prescott St.Cath'ines Stratford Toronto Windsor .Totals. Joliette, Que. Montreal m Quebec m St. Hya'nthe n Sherbrooke m Three Rivers n ..Totals St. John, X.B Halifax, N.S.. Pictou Ti . . ..Totals Charlot'n.P.E.I Winnipeg, Mn. Calgary, X.W.T Vancouver, B.C Victoria ..Totals Dawson, Y.T. Sundries. . . . Grand Totals. Galls. 64,799 16,955 4,702 282,226 137,457 41,177 37,368 148,972 13,452 46,873 25,271 18,494 25.413 7,463 18,626 435,477 204,980 •S cts. 123,118 48 3-2.215 13 8,935 38 536,230 73 261,175 42 78,248 85 71,001 25 283,147 12 1,529,713-55 25,561 63 89,293 39 48,019 58 .3.5,152 13 105,064 45 14.181 58 35, .398 26 8-20,111 71 390,548 82 2,957,403 91 32,857 872,729 270,667 80,669 80,422 37,274 1,374,620 77,947 33,203 4,619 37,823 68 272,632 30,975 91,188 57,264 148,452 9,054 03 62. 77' 1,641, 514. 153, 46 160 35 70, 562 10 796 77 449 14 372 65 496 93 847 35 62 2,603,524 94 49 148,114 57 63,1 ,098 09 ,777 45 71: 875 54 129 26 03 j 517, 65: 58. 380 34 864 54 14 173, 05! lOS, 281 06 821 88 282, 17, 105 94 203 85 3,481,287-3616,656,602 89 * Surplus. This amount includes §67,597.85 collected on imported spirits used in bonded factories, at 30c. per gallon. Department op Inland Revenue, Ottawa, Augu.st 19, 1904. STATISTICS 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the year ended June 30, 1904. Cr. Removed IX Bond. Free. E.xportfcd. Used in Bonded Factories. Remaining in Warehouse. To other Divisions. To Distillery for Re- distillation. Legal Allowance. Other. Totals. Galls. 190, 254 -93 Galls. 123 69 Galls. 5.391-20 Galls. 1,485-14 Galls. 151-01 Galls. Galls. 623,595-31 4,396-28 507 -74 956,359 14 570,462-54 4, 843 00 5,138-29 23,218-88 5,709-99 Galls. 885,800-55 141 -50 9,629-33 31,122 40 5,210-47 113,276-88 195,364-88 67-35 32,019-75 26,759-27 9,478-44 1,986-11 178 95 17,769-80 370 03 15-24 20-66 "'20,532-91 8,162-34 200-64 166,052 35 1,398,444-94 965,864-75 54,197-93 102-42 42,629-52 260 40 138-10 106-03 172, 652 -90 1 71,900 44 106 03 1,398-65 73,804-62 7,804-25 3,932-29 954,252-65 892 93 1,580 -53 3,052,922-34 4,792,510-98 14,850-83 2,995-28 583-38 1-24,2.56-84 33, 075 -69 ■ " "iJ46-33 45 00 "'3,944-22 153,300-25 189,266-32 22,427 04 316,424 -i9 149-53 1,33315 573,172-08 142,106-54 4,317 -51 "12,371-95 57,842-71 617-89 "4^165-43 842-93 1,493,365-90 8, 551 01 1,096,403-18 984, 494 04 "62^824-20 10,517-57 20, -207 -34 5,241,220-87 6,346,595-54 2,899,606-83 748,822-56 116,744-46- 9,720-98 177,362-54 301,127-31 11,083,330-41 166,052-35 16,932,480-99 136,359-87 660 -75 119-58 398,490-65 564, 373 09 29,888-52 66,837 05 4,825-19 4,823-61 568,368-30 62,391-50 '486-15 175-20 48,941-63 1,548,730-77 301.036-47 3,829-84 22,471 09 2.5,548 28 173,807 19 . 110,795-93 1 42,097-96 1 1 1 202,581-21 780-33 480 15 175-20 96, 961 00 1,069,238-11 2,744,836-62 1,207-69 7,574-65 18,937-23 105,667 06 4, 758 -58 192-67 8,529-11 332-27 46. 684 01 4,951 98 ' 4,758-58 1 192-67 8,861-38 51,635-99 68 02 ■ ■ ■ ■ - L137-29 18 -13 47,213-44 13,404 32 321,000-89 599 08 .44, 979 05 \ 2,533-72 155-26 2,387 06 44,871-59 23,952-98 138,748-71 14,054-50 72-60 97, 731 19 16,588-22 72-60 2,542-32 68,824-57 •236.479-90 5,518-83 14, .573 -28 8,612-54 8,612-54 3,126,478-90 748,822-56 117,524-79 10,273-73 180,290-86 405,662-96 :;:66,052-35 12,323,940-83 20,460,334-34 Used in the manufacture of methylated spirits at the Government waiehouse, Ottawa. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister, 72 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A— Continued— B^miTS.. Dr. No. 5. — Comparative Statement of Warehouse Remaining in Warehouse from last year. Galls. Ware- housed. j Galls. *5-96 4,696,883-13 399, 258 -52! 256,692-08 10,038,804-52 219-94 076-97 409-67 716-971 040-61 268-12 8,612'o4 10,-563,407-86 10,052,905 576,834 10,728 5,291 68 46,957 9,636 68,175 5,878 8,612 4,953,575-21 *5-96 •88. 42 •23 10 02 22 49 14 61 54I *2-91 5,681,384-39 642,054-32 ImiX)rted. Galls. 1 .-7 Received from other Divisions. 171,228-55 -H15-54 57,251-21 tll5-54 228,479-76 199,777-89 25,548-28 10,785,087-65 *2-91 6,323,438-71 225,326-17 Galls. 856,159-46 1,410,124-96 82,078-04 31,372-95 166-73 246, .348 -02 26,631-55 177,213-86 10,327-45 2,840,423-02 998,409-92 1,500,399-60 94,938-83 46,344-89 274,043-67 35,342-56 168, .304 -76 8,694-67 3,126,478-90 Totals. Galls. Provinces. 1903. Entered for Consumption. 15,763,081-62 Ontario 2,123,442-31 Quebec 297-98 New Brunswick. 449-92,Nova Scotia.... .576 -40: P. E. Island.... 064-99 Manitoba 672-16 N. W. Territory 481-98 B. Columbia...'. 327-45 Yukon Territory 6I2-54 Sundries 18,586,007-35 ....Totals 95, 37, 281, 34, 231, 10, 8, 1904. 16,9.32,480-99 Ontario 2,744 105. 51, 321. 44. 236. 14. 836-62 667-06 635-99 68-02 000-89 979-05 479-90 573-28 612-54 20,460,334-34 Quebec Xew Brunswick. Nova Scotia . . . . P. E. Island . . . . Manitoba N. W. Territory B. Columbia. . . . Yukon Territory Sundries. ...... . Totals . Galls. 1,435,682-49 1,2.56,729-28 76,605-79 31,362-62 508-38 232,003-75 25,035-67 145,371-30 4,448-84 S cts. 2,773,236 52 2,406,132 01 145,555 83 59, .594 56 965 84 440,515 74 47,574 44 276,247 65 8,452 63 3,207,748-12 6,158,275 22 529,713-55 374,620-62 77,947-49 37,823-36 68-02 272,632-03 30,975-65 148,452-19 9,054-45 .3,481,287-36 2,957,403 91 2,603,524 94 148,114 57 71,875 54 129 26 517,380 34 58,864 54 282,105 94 17,203 85 6,656,602 89 'Surplus, t Seizure. Inland Revekue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. STATISTICS 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Returns for the Years ended June 30, 1903 and 1904. Cr. RE.MOVED IN Bond. Free. Exix)rted. Used in Bonded Factories. Remaining in Warehouse. Totals. To other Divisions. To Distillery for Re-, distillation. Legal Allowance. Other. Galls. 2,671,741-29 149,677-51 1,094-70 Galls. 870,230-91 Galls. 229,519-86 130-31 Galls. 7,556-57 393-86 Galls. 154,193-81 712-69 9-49 113-54 Galls. f 168,414-23 \ 272,806-58 138, 964 -24 6,859-77 Galls. 1 10,052,905-88 576,834-42 10,728-23 Galls. 15,763,081-62 2,123,442-31 95.297-98 682-66 5,291-10 37,449-92 68-02 576-40 1.987-36 116-66 46,957-22 281,064-99 9,636-49 34,672 16 15,239-50 175-86 2,520-18 68,175-14 231,481-98 5,878-61 10,327-45 i 8,612-54 8,612-54 2,840,423-02, 870,230-91 229,650-17 8,126-29 157,666-37 177,362-54 175-20 1 418,630-59 "1 t68,444-23 } 10,785,087 -65 18,586,007-35 2,899,606-83 202,581-21 1,207-69 4,758-58 748,822-56 116,744-46 780-33 9,720-98 480-15 r t66,0.52-35 \ 301,127-31 96,961-00 7,574-65 } 11,083,330;41' 16,932,480-99 1,069,238-11 2,744,836-62 18,937-23 105,667-06 192-67 8,861-38 .51.635-99 68-02 .S21.000-89 1,137-29 .599-08 16,588-22 18-13 47,213-44 - 1.3,404-32 44,979-05 72-()0i 2,542-32 68,824-57 236,479-90 5,518-83 14.573-'>S 1 1 :::::■;::■ 8,612-54 8,612-54 1 3,126,478-90 748,822-56 117,524-79 10,273-73 180,290-86 I S,?!!} 12.323,940-83 20,460,334-34 t Used in the nianufacture of methylated spirits at the Government warehouse, Ottawa. 1903. 1904. Total duty collected ex-manufactorv and ex-warehouse. . .S 6,160,326 89 S 6,669,398 95 on licenses.. .. .' 2,500 00 2,750 00 Totals S 6,162,826 89 S 6,672,148 95 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 74 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A— Continued.— MALT. 'So. 6. — Return of Manufactures for the Year ended June, 30, 1904. Divisions. Belleville, Ont . . . . Brantford (xuelph n . . . Hamilton m . . . Kingston n . . . . London n , , . . Ottawa , Owen Sound « . . . . Perth Peterborough, Ont . Prescott 1. . St. Catharines h Stratford n Toronto n Windsor ., . Totals ^Alontreal, Que . . . . Quebec m Totals Halifax, X.S Winnipeg, Man .. Calgary, N.W.T . . Grand Totals Total Duty Lu 'ENSES. 1 collected ex- Grain Malt Manufactured. manufac- Placed in Steep. Warehoused. tory, including i\o. Fees. License Fees. S Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. S cts. 1 50 313,423 248,606 248,606 50 00 2 100 584,949 467,5.S5 467,535 100 00 7 750 8,374,266 6,716,690 6,716,690 750 00 3 500 7,588,254 6,126,998 6,126.998 500 00 2 250 6,565,249 5,241,500 .5,241,500 250 00 3 450 .5,710,658 4,530,941 4, .530, 941 450 00 1 100 710,243 562,833 562,833 100 00 1 200 2,701,574 2,127,890 2,127,890 200 00 2 100 437,yf)9 357,481 357,481 100 00 2 150 795,705 618,844 618,844 150 00 3 200 1,914,720 l,.509,2n 1,509,241 200 00 2 100 924,524 741,516 741,516 100 00 1 200 7,365,300 5,835,160 5,835,160 200 00 10 1,400 19.711,491 15,630,447 15,630,447 1,400 00 1 41 200 3,876,000 3,117,800 3,117,800 200 00 4,750 67,56.^,325 53,833,482 53,833,482 4,750 00 3 600 12,352,951 9,879,148 9,879,148 600 00 1 4 150 1,467,293 1,177,930 1,177,9.^0 150 00 750 13,820,244 11,057,078 11,057,078 750 00 I 150 617,259 489,979 489,979 150 00 1 150 1,779,210 1,406,170 1,406,170 150 00 3 50 300 2,119,808 85,905,846 1,717,219 1,717,219 300 00 6,100 68,503,928 68,503,928 6,100 00 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister, STATISTICS 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A— Continued. -MALT. No. 7. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures for the Years ended June 30, 1903 and 1901. Provinces. Licenses. Grain Placed in Steep. Malt Manufactured. Warehoused. Total Duty collected ex- Manufac- No. Fees. including License Fees. 1903. Ontario Quebec Nova Scotia Manitoba N. W. Territories 43 4 1 2 3 53 41 4 1 1 3 S 5,125 750 150 200 275 Lbs. 66,149,3.55 13,467,618 777,827 1,861,846 1,743,921 Lbs. 52,194,736 10,777,201 615,570 1,508,445 1,396,208 Lbs. 52,194,736 10,777,201 615,570 1,508,445 1,396,208 S cts. 5,125 00 750 00 150 00 200 00 275 00 Totals 0,500 84,000,567 66,492,160 66,492,160 6,500 00 1904. Ontario 4,750 750 150 150 300 67,569,325 13,820,244 617,259 1,779,210 2,119,808 53,833,48:^ 11,057,078 489,979 1,406,170 1,717,219 53,833,482 11,057,078 489,979 1,406,170 1,717,219 4,750 00 Quebec 750 00 Nova Scotia Manitoba 150 00 150 00 N. W. Territories 300 00 Totals 50 6,100 85,905,846 68,503,928 68,503,928 6,100 00 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 76 INLAND REVENUES APPENDIX A— Conti7med— MALT. Dr. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 No. 8 — Warehouse Return for Remaining in Warehouse Warehoused from last year. Increases. Received from other Divisions. Imported . Totals. Dn-LSioxs. Lbs. Lbs. .32,142 248,606 Lbs. 1,578 9.820 Lbs. 67,630 220,000 850,160 131,000 180 281,222 79,175 639,800 35,000 320,000 Lbs. Lbs. i 349,956 ' Belleville Ont 237,992 ; 467,535 935,347 Brantford 3,474,841 6,716,690 82^880 11,124,571 ...Guelph „ 8,334,188 .... Hamilton „ 8,373,512 ....Kingston ., 7,347,704 . . London 2,019,464 6,126,998 : 56,726 3,069,862 5,241.500 61,970 2,488,679 4,530,941 1 46,862 99,434 562,833 i 7.514 748,956 . . . Ottawa 1,522,376 2,127,890 16,381 129 34,011 4,306,447 Owen Sound ... 9,028 357,481 401,638 Pprth 688,610 618.844 1,661,465 129,227 2,210,901 1,244,548 8,603,992 24,066,585 4,720,580 .... Peterborough .. Port Arthur m 49,227 687,694 80,000 . . 1.509.241 13.966 . . .Prescott 91,448 741,516 4,384 2,333,142 ; 5,835,160 , 36,810 6,549,994 ! 15,630,447 \ 97,484 1,109,040 3,117,800 i 10,660 407,200 348,880 1,659,200 129,460 481,400 1 1,080 .... St. Catharines .. Stratford .. . . . Toronto .. ....Windsor i. 24,-512,973 53,833,482 481,175 5,600,847 131,140 84,. 5.59,61 7 Totals 33,555 5,241,671 137,072 19,540 108,314 1,348,410 2,637,440 2,600,476 57,000 1,360,000 "lb; 000 1,401,505 17,876,573 3,921,478 60,500 1,440,600 ... Joliette, Que Montreal Quebec .. . . . St. Hyacinthe .. 9,879,148 1.177.9.30 3,500 80,600 ! 5,492,898 11,057,078 127,854 8,009,326 13,500 24,700,656 Totals 62,096 1,400,000 1,462,096 St. John X.B . 40,000 2,531,400 40,000 3,215,903 3,255,903 Pictou, N.S . 192,034 489,979 2,490 . . .Halifax 192,034 489,979 2,490 2,571,400 Totals 541,381 1,406,170 10,734 1,523,710 162,539 3,644,534 Winnipeg, Man .... 490,434 1,717,219 1,339 80,000 210,063 2,499,055 ....Calgary, X.WT 122,384 315,866 288,100 2,365,873 1,215,104 2,804,123 1 1,543,214 40,010 162,394 1 603,966 3,580,977 4,347,337 , j .^9 999 i Totals.. 59 999 . . . Dawoon, Yukon Ter 1 * "1 31,454,210 68,503,928 623,592 19,789,249 4,158,218 1 1 124,529,197 Grand Totals IXL.A.KD Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. STATISTICS 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 the Year ended June 30, 1904. Ck. Entered for Consumption at 1^ cents per lb. Removed to other Division.s. £.\ported. Free, and Written ofiF. Remaining in Warehouse. Totals. Lbs. 346,130 744,481 8 cts. 5,191 95 11,167 19 83,143 64 79,231 80 43,493 .58 70,887 20 8,000 79 20,926 71 0 20 14,678 16 1,718 30 21,242 45 16,732 68 52,343 91 207,283 05 45,041 70 Lbs. 180 Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 3,646 190,866 2,945,264 1,792.068 1,469,400 2,581,942 215,570 624,773 25.659 325,921 14,674 552,192 129,036 1,066,316 8,673,905 998,700 Lbs. 349,956 935,347 11,124,571 8,334,188 8,373,512 7,347,704 748,956 4,306,447 401,638 1,661.465 129 227 5,542,909 2,600,398 1,260.000 4,004,540 40,000 36,00.0 5,282,120 2,899,572 4,725,762 533,386 1,395,114 13 2,206,560 80,000 375^966' 1,000 978,544 114,553 320,000 36,000 1,416,162 242,547 2,210,901 1,244,548 8 603 992 1,115,512 3,489,594 4,048,082 1,573,090 216,000 13,818,870 3,002,780 720 503,100 24,066,585 4,720,580 45,405,502 681,083 31 16,511,397 152,000 880,786 21,609,932 84,559;617 1,372,520 28,985 3.575,035 112,000 1,461,505 17,876,573 3,921,478 60,500 1,440,600 11,251,652 168,774 78 57,141 99 907 50 20,784 45 2,853,886 196,000 3,809,478 60,500 1,385,630 54,976 16,507,260 247,608 72 2,853,886 196,000 1,37:j,520 3,770,990 24,700,656 1,385,162 20,777 43 76,934 1,462,096 40,000 40,000 3,215,903 2,981,744 44,726 16 28,936 205,223 2,981,744 44,726 16 40,000 28,936 205,223 3,255,903 3,335,742 50,036 12 308,792 3,644,534 1 1,653,098 24,796 46 • 383,966 461,991 2,499,055 2,566,620 38,499 46 23,112 77 1 237.503 2,350 2 804 123 1,540,864 1,543,214 4,107,484 ^1,612 23 239,8.53 4,347,337 54, 355 815 35 j j 5,644 .59 999 75,430,347 1,131,455 78 19,789,249 376,936 2,253,306 26,679,359 124,529,197 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 78 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A—Contimted—MALT. Dr. No. 9 — Comparative Statement of Warehouse Returns Remaining in Warehouse from last year. Warehoused Increases. Received from other Divisions. Imported. Totals. Provinces. Lbs. 24,411,407 4,339,971 80,266 93,217 12,960 493,801 576,258 249,049 Lbs. 52,194,736 10,777,201 Lbs. 570,778 129,942 Lbs. 6,834,852 8,659,337 1,432,000 2,292,000 117,000 1,020,000 " " 428,6i6' Lbs. 341,750 8,160 Lbs. 84,353,523 23,914,611 1,512,266 3,004,146 129,960 3,047,759 2,030,925 3,874,806 1903. ..Ontario Quebec . . . New Brunswick 615,570 3,359 . . Prince Edward Island . . l,5b'8,445 1,396,208 25,513 10,000 . . Manitoba 48,459 3,197,747 . . N. W. Territories . . British Columbia 30,256,929 66,492,160 739,592 20,783,199 3,596,116 121,867,996 Totals 24,512,973 5,492,898 i)2 096 53,833,482 11,057,078 481,175 127,854 5,600,847 8,009,326 1,400,000 2,571,400 1,523,710 80,000 603,966 131,140 13,500 84,559,617 24,700,656 1,462,096 3,255,903 3,644,534 2,499,055 4,347,337 59,999 1904. . . Ontario -. . . Quebec . . .New Brunswick 192,034 041.381 490,434 162, .394 489,979 1,406,170 1,717,219 2,490 10,734 1,339 . .Nova Scotia 162,539 210,063 3,580,977 59,999 . . INIanitoba . .N. W. Territories . . British Columbia . .Yukon Territorj' 31,454,210 68,503,928 623,592 19,789,249 4,158,218 124,529,197 Totals Inland Revenue Department, OrTAWA, August 19, 1904. STATISTICS 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the Year.s ended June 30, 1903 and 1904. Cr. Entered for Consumption 1 1| cents per lb. Removed to other Divisions. Exported. Free, and Written off. Remaining in Warehouse. Totals. Lbs. .41,347,837 14,735,367 1,370,170 2,705,552 S cts. 620,218 40 221,030 38 20,5.52 55 40,583 28 1,409 40 37.595 67 17,167 28 55,566 04 Lbs. 17,887,614 2,321,-575 80,000 54,000 36,000 396,010 8,000 Lbs. 192,000 42,480 Lbs. 413,099 1,322,291 Lbs. 24,512,973 5,492,898 62,096 192,034 Lbs. 84,353,523 23,914,611 1,512,266 3,004,146 52,560 93,960 129,960 2,506,378 541,381 490,434 162,394 3,047,759 1,144,481 3,704,412 2,030,925 .S. 874. 806 1 67,608,157 1,014,123 00 20,783,199 287,040 1,735,390 31,454,210 121,867,996 45.405,502 16,507,260 1,385,162 681,083 31 247,608 72 20,777 43 44,726 16 50,036 12 24,796 46 61,612 23 815 35 16,.511,397 152,000 2,853,886 196,000 880,786 1,372,520 21,609,932 3,770,990 76,934 205,223 308,792 461,991 239,853 5,644 84,559,617 24,700,656 1,462,096 3,255,903 3,644,534 2,499,055 4,34",337 2,981,744 40,000 28,936 3,-335,742 1.653,098 383,966 4,107,484 54,355 59,999 1 75,430,347 1,131,455 78 19,789,249 376,936 2,253,306 26,679,359 124,529,197 1903, 1904. Total duty collected, ex-manufactory and ex-warehouse $ 1,014,123 00 S 1,131,455 78 1. ., on licenses 6,500 00 6,100 00 S 1,020,623 00 S 1,137,555 78 W. J. GERALD, Dejmty Minister. 80 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A.—Contimoed—MALT LIQUOR. No. 10. — Return of Manufactures for the Year ended June 30, 1904. Licenses. Malt used. Other commo- dities used. Malt Liquor manu- factured. , Malt Liquor exported, and used bv H. M. Army and Navy. Total Duty Divisions. !0 including License Fees. 1 Belleville, Ont Brantford, .i Ouelph, ' 1 4 8 3 2 6 4 6 3 1 2 2 5 14 3 ¥ .50 200 400 150 100 300 175 300 150 50 100 100 225 700 150 Lbs. 180,756 713,054 4,695,860 3,237,282 484,056 5,170,801 983,108 1,197,151 979,797 109, .553 1,034,200 1,111,660 472,050 12,553,906 1,596,399 Lbs. Galls. 82,874 295,1.36 2.0.56.632 Galls. S (4.S. 50 00 200 00 im 00 1,562,159 1 152,275 2,009,616 374,360 1 486,990 327,080 4.5.222 : 351,880 424,550 217.800 5,270,493 ; 740,516 150 00 Kingston, u London, n 100 00 1,388 300 00 175 00 300 00 Peterborough, .. Port A.rtliur « 150 00 50 00 Prescott, M St. Catharines ,. 100 00 100 00 225 00 700 00 150 00 Totals 64 3,150 34,519,633 14.397,583 1,388 3,150 00 Joliette, Que 1 10 4 1 50 500 200 50 800 2.50 50 00 14,355,962 ' 1 5.852.027 500 00 Quebec, m Sherbrooke, i 3,685,713 1,380,630 1,462,800 645,600 200 00 50 00 Totals 16 800 19,423,105 7,960,677 800 00 St John \ B 2 100 1,405,026 521,794 100 00 Halifax, N.S 3 7 150 2,890,305 979,936 241,079 150 00 325 3,328,839 1,339,141 325 00 Calgary, N.W.T 4 200 1,595,915 595,989 200 00 31 6 37 1,475 300 1,775 2,573,480 1,510,780 4,084,260 22,250 4,000 26,250 1,019,247 499,626 3,847 40 52,715 416 60 Totals 1,518,873 52,715 4,264 00 Dawson Y T 1 50 .54,355 21,992 50 00 295,182 Grand Totals 134 6,550 67,301,438 26,250 . 27,335,985 9,039 00 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, Augu.st 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Dejnity^ Minister, STATISTICS 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A~Continued—:SlAljT LIQUOR. No. 11. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures for the yeai-s ended June 30, 1903 and 190-1. Pkovikces. 1903. Ontario Quebec . . New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island Manitoba N. W. Territoi-ies British Columbia .... Totals. 1004. Ontario Quebec New Brunswick . Nova Scotia Manitoba N. W. Territories. British Columbia. . Yukon Territory . . Totals . Licenses. 134 3,100 800 100 200 75 275 225 1,800 6,575 3,150 800 100 Malt used. Lbs. 34,061,783 18,649,305 1,358,370 2,708,699 92,520 2,492,130 1,082,854 3,747,082 Other commo- dities used. Lbs. "^?™tr^ Total Duty Malt Liquor J^P-\f^ collected, manu- -- -_ J factured. 64,192,743 30,878 30,878 34,519,635 I 14,397,583 3 150 7 325 4 200 37 1,775 1 50 134 6,550 19,423,105 1,405,026 2,890,305 3,328,839 1,-595,915 4,084,260 54,355 Galls. 14,215,227 7,307,710 504,736 911,200 32,200 965,403 404,.365 1,414,313 25,755,154 H. M. Army and Navy. C4all.s. 1,177 1,000 168,118 48,044 includ- ing License Fees. •s cts. 3,100 00 800 00 100 00 200 00 75 00 275 00 225 00 4,710 20 67,301,438 26,250 26,250 7,960,677 521,794 '.'79,936 1,.339,141 595,989 1,518,873 21,992 218,339 ! 9,485 20 27,335,985 1,388 241^079 52ji5 295,182 9,039 00 Exported Used by H. M. Army and Navy Totals . . . 1903. Galls. 2,457 215,882 218,339 1904. Galk. 1,7.52 293,4.0 295,182 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 12—6 Al'I'lvNIlIX A r..n(„„„rf -TOJiACCX 1-5 EDWARD VII- Ko. 12. -Ki IXI.AXD A'Klf-VCi'.S SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1905 .Maiuifcictiuc-'s fur tl..- Y.-iir .•iul.- 2ii;i.."iSfl.tlOn Ivuvu IlKVIM i: 1)1 >. \n-:«.i n, l:«n AI'l'HNMilX .\-r„„,,„„fi!—TOV,\CCO. SESSIONAL PAPER No. ,.l.'.I.Jl.l,.-.HI, llln.),,r„| l:iin. Xo, I-'.-.- , '."'' N.« It ..a IJ... I 1,1)5. I,l.». I LI... Ll,s. I.l.~, T.li, I I.t >,,. .\..,lisl I',', VJ I'KNSDIX A f'"'ii",»'F/ -TOIIACCO. ^ ''.yXf,.. ...,,.„ ,,,,,..1 .,r,-,., ,,M,_^., ,,„,-.c., ,;v.-... >;,.. 86 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 o o X _- , ;:^ V. r-T-1 3 r-i -^ -y. _ C5 ^ :z; = ^.^ ~ M ;_, ti f-J >^ o :^ ^ -" -tJ d^ l4 o o o 7. < O a <5i W O yA a w ^ rv» :? * _• SC'MXX=c-focir;i-';xs;i«r-ic<; f— 4 Si ©"©'t^^ ©■ © CO . — ic;c-o« — r;-^■M•^r-o-^^^•*t- © I- 1-1 t^ X o © t^ "^ ^ iO_^__OT^_^ o^i-H o_N ^;^;.— c-qc^i— CjiC 'J" X t^X CO © © ^, OJ ^ iC ,-h" oc~ u-' x" cT i~~ rT tC cc' ^' TtT oc" i^ icf cq" ©" ©' 1-^ t>^ co" ©" t-T GC" t>r TT T-HMOMr^O'M rt->*0'-^:r:"t^ri-^i-H'M'M-^coiM-«< © C t^ © -il' X •*! lO c^ >i "3< X ic cc o Ti ri i^ M i~ -o r^ -r :;! — 1 c<5 ©1-1 X r-©© ■* t^ 1 X ae^ N X__C»; XincSClt^OrH ©MOt^rH © ©__t-X_^CO © I- l^ t- 1 — ^ -- i-T x' x" ■^" 0 05 >-' c-f ^f ©" rf ^—J" --ri-©'co"o4" cf in" 1 X t^ -r © CO CO X 1 5 3 i-H CO ^- X 1 a 50 Z O HO • „^— .'—.-^ — ^.^xi^ — _ -+f:Cr7 »-r ra-r -«* 1 >. © -f t-' « -* M L~ o x © c^i r-. cc X fi -^ X -fi X © in m lO e>i «D L-; -r r^ X ^ c^ o: •— ' rH ^q CO '^ ?t X c; X © " X •^' X 0-J © X 1 '-3 ^ -r x_^-^ I- re © -Mt^- c-l t- © 1 r © irr cc X •^ © -Jl L- © CO CM «■- ! 22 ^ rf x' S— ' ©' X' 1 -" CO ©" !M' •f -a S co' rt" o' tC oo 1— xxr^i-';— ^c-r ©" ©'^"i-co's'tC X nT -n .— r)©ricoi5?5 ^rroxo © 1* •'?' ir © © O .T-l ^ © V-< © O (M © CO CO TP -X 00 1-1 in co" •r" —CI -*r '^^ • - :ct- -^o-r -*?«-# -ffl -H- X T-H © O commino^ ■ -coi-im-^ (M oi © CO in © ^ X © -r r^ X t- © T)- X -^ ■ ■ in ^ m o -S" -f — 1-1 m CO ?-i © t~ •saoisiAirr = ~ .^ — . ^^ ©m-poQ© ©^-r© C<1 CM C_^r-H in © CO CM_ x_ , ci' x'cT t-Ti-T -^"i^- : ; ©'(m' N ©'x in cT in CO co" jaq;o mojj paAiaoa^ 3 i-i Cj[-xa xo-^cics-rcox (M' N tt ©' iM' « ?f moiL-i-© C0__ rHX_X__ ©_ ©iC ; to © in x" pasnonaj'BjYV ■V I-. ,-1 rH -r CC r- o o COCM r-l C^ £5 za -CI -*?) t^ C-5 1-1 in © m CC t~ .-1 -f 0-1 X © IM -r l~ t- ■ CO' © © -»■ X CO eo Ol -:t" CO l^ — '0 X 1-^ © -r © © — t— ^ X Cl ■coco ©o© X -f CO -5'__-r in in co_^©_'^ co_^©_^©^r-j_r- ^__x © CO ■ x_©_^oi ©_^co_^ © ■^ • pa^j(xluij i-T— '?ir~ -f r'-r't^rf 1— 'i-r©'©'ir5 -«<"© „' ! m'cf in'in cf I-T ©" © t- © X — 1-1 CM eo © e<5 t^ .c^ © c^© CD o ^ © •- CO in .©C^ CQ © m cf co" : x" ©" ^.v— ^^; ■ ) -^~J-^.T— *^1 -fT ^^i ' ' t^ iM '^^ CO t- ^- © © © © • IM CC l^ t-' © Ol' © © © CO t^ © CM •j'BaX ,o lO X r- 1— © © (M m -^ © • in © in © t^ CO X Ol O CM X © X fcxin-f©o^wX©t- ■co©oxo) in -r © X © CM 1-1 CO © 1 ^s«t inojj asnoq -r ©' co' x' ©' ©' ©' ; co' x' x' ©* in ©^ t~ci-i-"co'c lO CO' -* i-H ?2 CO ''I o coos ! IM «oo 1 l^ in r .-IC^J >* CO CO S § ,-1 ?^ in" -^ 1— 1 i-H o: in •*! ■* t^ IM Tf CO CO' 00 CO > ■ : S3 -CI 00 CD i-H IM (M IM 00 ■ fi X < < IX „ ft ^ INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ^— W-^l ^^TJ 1 -^}— *rir.— -jri -^i : mmi i 5£ M rt = ci ^ in c t- -. r-©-i::n:XrH(MiO(M X ^ cc cr. o T»< o -p c<- © 1 © I- ©. in rH © X ri 1 in 1 .-^ fl O -^ t) X t- •v-t -f 1 T CO M t~ © -^ Tf X 1 CO c3 >. ..»...■....*. 23 £ 5 S '^ »^ '^"'^ 1 - ? ©Xt^X©©rHXX 1 "d CNCCl CiCCi-li-IO- rH. ©©©©rH©IMCS> ■«< H X -T-'co" X (Mrt-rH (MC5 .-H in x' 1 innT © 1 5^ .^]— t.-_^i_-i ^-1 ,^j 1 f^ 1 1 ( . ,'1 ( -H- c-i cq" o ^; o M -^ '^c I- © X rH -r X a> © IT X ^ CO X w ^ M oc ■-; X X X© ©©in©cot X •asnoq in_ CO -.i_^ — _^ -^_^ x_^ lo X ta^ CO X t-^^vr^-t-^^ rH in IT -ajB^W^ ui Suuii'Baidy^ _: tc~ o" x' co' :£" x" •ri>r ! •*■ ; . r-T ^'^^ ; ; ■ in 32 .eo m .... . r** . . nt •* ,^ . . -w ^ © c:o ■ •00 -x H t- "T X ■ • ■* IM rH © CJ C5 ^ • •<© -c: C > N t^ rH • • rH Tf> © CO •pac(.iodxy^ rH m X • © -in ex 3 X t- © • • © © © C)^ t- cTca : x' !ir c s" rH-c'rH' : ; ©rrH © I*" ©rH ir : t-iM " m -f C-1 t£ 5 ■* IM . . m KH-+* -(-»-.«— . rCH- r-yso • © rH IM C S rr ©' ■ . . Tti © t>- •suoisiAT(j jaqio " X -*i X) • - i i^©©in©coo© © ii t^iM-^^ccicoinc-i t:^C<)©©Ol.^'»'05 ■ © o c^ XlMXS^XCO©-^ 1 © in t^-1* © © t~ b- m >j in rH C-. C-. --r rj< in ■^ « > © -*! t^ CO rH CO © I- >a "ti €^ ©ini3©rHCI5r-'C5 IC > © t^ t~© in ■* rH rH "9 ^ ?> e -f' X' lO' t--r t£ -4 rH rH 2 r rH'"(M'~in'~CO'~-^©'rH'~C-: CO rH t^ rH rH rH -f X rH rH r- t>- S s CO X 0 1 CO X M 1 - <" rH" — , . (,l^ ^71_^]_^ 1 1 '-*■ M. 1 ;nj-/~>+..J.i_^) y ^^ , r^ O ^' ib •«»<' o CO in CO in Gc CI- X 'rrlM © © ©' ^ rji © Bo .-£ ©XXC-IrHCOO® X © X -f © m t^ og o -^ rH-^_^ CO_^C-. CO "^ m •-= ■ © ' X?^t>-COrHOJ©CO t^ 3h "t^ t-T cT x' ©' ©' cT r-T x' ir im" h- x' ©" in -t-' r-' ©■ cT § CT Ol rf> t^ tt -r rH rH C © "»■ CO 'T © rH M CO i. ^ ©_^0 rH rH rH CO CO ^^-r^ -r^ rH -^ m co'x" co'x" im" ^ ;:;■;; S es (D d : :^" : . . o . -• ,; '^S '' > CO 2 i 'n ::|g:li 2 J :gs-^JHO " .i o -V- X — 1 o '- 1 1 cJ'^_:l;iH'g^_« C ^ ■ r2 ^ e-i © -1- ri X i~ -r -f ^ ■3< CO 04 1^ © -f -r X CO w" r-. X in -h' , -' ■£ t C © X ICX'© © r- X X 1 © © © © rH © O) © Hf 5C C0__"' " (M IM ^ l-'co' x (M it< rH (M IM 1-* in-*' in o' ""^ rH IM -!^rerC-H ■ -ri -pj-W • • ow M IM cr. in -o ■ CO MI^IOCOOX-*© t^ •JB8i£ s gC3'©r-C0rH©© 1 °^ COX©r-!MX©X 1 =» •^ ©XX©©r-rr© 1 o in CO © rH © x_in X 1 in !»SBi uioaj asnoq CT tC r-' in ©" ©' rH co' ©' ©' cT oc" CO ©' x' 'J'' ©' in' "^•^^A\. ^] SuiuiBuia>j ■^ r- — 1 r^ IM © -r -rf ©^lO^ CO CO n CO c<) © ■<»■ in © X 1 X rH -!•' in r-TV ©• 1 o o OS a. ^ « t > Q < is STATISTICS 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A— Conthiued— CANADA TWIST TOBACCO. No. 18. — Statement of Revenue collected from Canada Twist Tobacco for the Year ended June 30, 1904. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. Divisions. Licenses. Canada Twist, at 5 cts. per pound. Total Duty Collected, No. Fees. including License Fees. ; Cornwall, Ont Otiawa . . Prescott It 2 5 1 8 $ 4 10 2 16 Lbs. 100 1,220 160 $ cts. 9 00 71 00 10 00 Total'* 1,480 90 00 .Toilette, Que 7 24 31 39 12 48 29,800 16,49U 1,502 00 Montreal n 872 58 Totals 60 46,291i 2,374 58 Grand Totals 76 47,771i 2,464 58 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. CANADA TWIST TOBACCO. No. 19. — Comparative Statement for Years ended June 30, 1903 and 1804. Years. Provinces. LlCEI No. ■JSES. Fees. Canada Twist, at 5 cts. per pound. Total Duty Collected, including License Fees. 1903 Ontario . Quebec . . . Ontario. . Quebec . . Totals 8 51 59 8 31 16 96 112 Lbs. 3,388 49,868 S cts. 185 40 2,589 40 53,256 2,774 80 1904 16 60 1,480 46,291i 90 00 2,374 58 Totals... 39 76 47,77U ^464 58 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 90 INLAND REVENUES APPENDIX A— Continued— CIGAHS. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 No. 20. — Return of Manufactures DiVISION.S. Licenses. Total weight of Raw Leaf Tobacco and all other materials actually used. Defi- ciencies paying Cigars .\t $7 PER THOCSA.Nr). Cigars No. Fees. duty. Pro- duced. Paid Duty. Ware- housed. Produced. Belleville, Ont 1 7 12 16 2 23 1 2 1 $ cts. 75 00 525 00 900 00 Lbs. 11,687 78,757 82.41.3i No. No. No. No. No. 633,900 Brantford 4,339,650 5,189,270 Guelph M Hamilton " King.ston London >. 1,200 00 211^978" 150 00 46,319 1,687 50' 593,4671 75 00 i 9,341 i 9,006 1,500 3,057 1,500 5,949 10,667,170 2. .567, 300 33 138,565 Ottawa M ... 1 447,700 Owen Sound n 150 00! 8. .511 • 448,880 226, .395 119,300 22,000 679,9.50 Perth „ 75 00 75 00 37 50 225 00 3,602| 1,912 469 11,4.59 23.535 33,199 303,498S 30,937 . Peterborough, Ont Port Arthur ,i ... Prescott 3 :.::::\::: :: St. Catharines „ i 10' 750 00 1,300 475 1,411,575 Stratford Toronto « Windsor n 3, 225 00 23 1,662 50 8 515 00 504 354 150 1,797,840 16,596,235 1,647,270 Totals 114' 8,327 50 1,451,086^ 1,775 550 6,310 11,010 4,911 6,099 79,933,000 Joliette, Que 5 305 00 40 2,902 50 8 570 00 3 175 00 7 387 50 2j 140 00 58,828^ 1,164,933 126,2431 45,980 133,013 i7,o:9i 12 500 Montreal .. Quebec « 2,160 5,010 2,160 5,010 60,984,130 7 245 305 St. Hyacinthe, Que ... 2,090,815 Sherbrooke i, Three Rivers it 7,170 7,607,900 268,220 7,170 Totals 65 4,480 00 1,546,0071 6,860 78,208,870 St. John, X . B 6 430 00 6.5,181i 973,975 Halifax, N.S 3 225 00 11,855A -Il:::: 650 035 Winnipeg, Man 11 825 00 144,373^1 850 7,844,600 Calgary, N.W.T 3 225 00 10,000 4,218 2,202 498,420 Vancou ver, B. C 16 12 1,142 50 890 00 74 103^ 2 202 4 037 400 Victoria ,. 32,288 *2.042 1,645,300 Totals 28 2,032 50 106,391^ 2,042 2,202 20,382 2,202 14,283 5,682,700 Grand Totals 230 16,545 00 3,334,8961 15,745 6,099 173,791,600 * 1,877 of these cigars made of combination leaf at $3 per M. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. STATISTICS 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the Year ended June 30, 1904. AT S6 PER THOU.SAXn. Caxadiax Cigars at .S3 per Thousand. Combination Cigars Thousand. AT S3 PER Total Duty Collected e.x-manu- factory, including License Fees. Paid Duty. Warehoused I Produced . Paid Duty. Ware- housed. Produced . No. Paid Duty. Ware- housed. No. 221,000 2 888 800 No. 412,900 1,450,850 2,-587,260 No. No. No. No. No. 8 cts . 1,401 00 17,857 80 2,602,010 ■~ 10,512 00 3,480,020 786,000 20,605,355 1,050 7,186,550 1,781,300 12,53.3,210 446,6.50 289,500 222,375 6,550 22,105 12 ::;:':::: 4,870 50 125,319 63 81 30 159,380 4,020 112,750 1,106 28 99 12 751 50 22,000 109 .50 457,800 222,150 30 1,750 380 275 "" 2.971 80 1,106,825 1,417,565 11,692.705 1,132,070 7,398 75 8,733 24 4,903,530' 14 000 14,000 71,863 22 515,200 92,700 58,800 33,900 7,483 82 46,689,950 33,243,050 14,000 14,000 92,700 58,800 33,900 288,730 64 1,000 25,860,090 ll,.50O 1,240,870 35,124,040 6.400 886,920 6,400 '600,400 101,320 353,950 1,927.950 750,545 1,501,950 457.310 426,000 293,235 174,900 7,480 91 159,507 16 3,042,650 228,500 4,202,655 1,862,315 3,999,075 142,050 000,400 154,020 ' 300,300 185,400 19,417 16 3,347 20 3,608,825 126,170 52,700 22,344 41 j 791,620! 513,620 277,400 2,437 88 32,807,235 4.5,.341,635 2,001,090 1,595,040 406,650 i 3,829,815 2,658,280 1,171,535 214,534 72 344,225 620,7501 3,150,670 727,380 326.140 323,895 2,447,250 5,397,350 204,545, 293,875 2,429,290 4,677 49 2,181 84 15,513 60 1.477 -57 3,780,850 2.56,550j 1,254,400 390,900; 80,S25i 80,8251... . 61,225' 61,'225... .5,035,250 647,450, 142,050' 142,050 24.085 48 8,600 72 32,692 20 87,914,595 85,877,005| 2,015,090 1,609,040 406,650 7,221,2351 3,586,5101 3,634,725 559,808 00 W. J. GERALD, ' Deputy Minister. 92 INLAND RETENVES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A— Contimied— CIGARS. Dr. No. 21. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures LiCBNSKS. Total weight of Raw Leaf Tobacco and all other materials actually used. 1 Cigars at S7 per | Cxcakh THOU.SAX1). . OIGAE.S Provinces. No. Fees. Deficien- cies paying Duty. Produced. Paid Duty X j o Produced. Of 1 1 ! 1903. Ontario 115 62 7 $ cts. 8,550 00 4,290 00 495 00 Lbs. 1,384,6241 1,42.5,791? 66,43l| 13,623 131,.55U 9,939J, 99,415S No. 14,725 65,107 No. 1,521 9,294 No. 1 521 No. No. 78,734,315 69, 039, .580 921,665 754,105 Quebec New Brunswick 9,294 Nova Scotia 31 225 00 9 675 00 2| 150 00 26; 1,850 00 Manitoba - 7, 139, .550 North-west Territories British Columbia.. ... ' " *K643 " " 1^002 1,0021 '.".'. 480,885 5,315,425 Total.'* 224 16,235 00 3,131,3771 84,875 11,817 11,817. ... 162,385,525 1904. Ontario Quebec New Brunswick 114 05 6 3 11 3 28 8,327 50 4,480 00 430 00 225 00 825 00 225 00 2,032 50 l,451,086i 1,546,007^ 6.5,181j 11,8.5.5A 1,775 6,860 11,010 7,170 4,911 6,099 7,170 79,933,000 78,208,870 973,975 Nova Scotia 650,035 Manitoba 144,373| 8.50 7, 844, (WO North-west Territories 10,000 106,391i 4,218 2,042 498,420 British Columbia 2,202 2,202 5,682,700 Totals ... 230 16,545 00 3,334,896^ 15,745 20,382 14,283 6,099 173,791,600 ' Combination cigars at -SS per M. 1 1,877 of these cigars made of combination leaf at $3 per M. Inland Pvevenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. STATISTICS 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the years ended June 30, 1903 and 1904. Cr. AT $6 PER THOUS.\Nn. Canadian Cigars at S3 pkr Thousand. Combination Cigars at S3 per Thousand. Total Duty Paid Duty. Warehoused Produced. Paid Duty Ware- housed. Produced Paid Duty Ware- housed. collected ex -Manu- factory, including License Fees No. 45,218,890 29,937,745 316,015 No. 33,515,425 39,101,835 605,650 403.155 4,761,590 272,500 695,175 79,355,330 No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 279,962 33 2,935,560 2,185,260 750,300 3,941,605 2,623,875 1,957,955 679,225 1,983,650 1,944,650 196,801 86 4,428 77 350,950 2,330 70 2,377,960 208 385 14,942 76 1,4C0 31 4,620,250 97,850 97,850 29,887 19 83,030,195 2,935,560 2,185,260 750,300 6,663,330 2,735,030 3,928,300 529,753 92 46,689,950 32,867,235 344,225 326,140 33,243,050 45,341,635 629,750 323,895 5,397,350 293,875 647,450 14,000 2,001,690 14,000 1,-595,040 ""406,650 92,700 3,829,815 3,1.56,670 58,800 2,658,280 727,380 33,900 1,171,535 2,429,290 288,730 64 214,534 72 4,677 49 2,181 84 2,447,250 15,513 60 204,545 5,035,250 "142,656 142,656 1,477 57 32,692 20 87,914,595 85,877,005 2,015,690 1,609,040 406,630 7,221,235 3,-586,510 3,634,725 .559,808 06 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. ArrKNDlx A (v.H/i,//,../ - -('|i:aks 1.5 EDWARD VII. Nn, ■J:.',-\V.' SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 l'l,i.v.l.ii\Vsn V„,.tcr. r:m.uh„ .N[.'ai.?:i|.. M. .,'""' N.. N.. Ni. N.. UM. Ar..i VI 1:1, r.lill \v. ,r. r:|.;i;Ar,i>. /h/,,,/,, ,v,„,.,f,-, 95 Al'i'HNDIX A (■...utiuntd CI<;ARS 4-5 EDWARD ' No. 23.— Ctj\;PAiiATivE Sta .>TJ77.v/7r.v SESilONAl PAPER No. 12 ,,f Waivhousi- Hftunis t'.u- tlir Y,-.-. A. 1905 ...n.l...l .Jiiiir :in, i;io:i an.l 1904. Pl.icil ill Wartli"! l<,i;..ivnl frolii.itliir liru.aiiii,,.. in \V,i IXumUr.\u..„„„.,n„, c™.|;;..-I,.v„i,,Jc«ii.i,in,,,jf'-;! liM .M..*i i-t M J.: |».| .M. N.I. N.. I Xi. N". >■■■■ I N- 3,«oil :):j,.'.l.i.r.v.' ' 1 '.i.'ii 17o.25ij1 ■ai.r.M :fli,iiii.ia.ji ;.-i{i,:aio i.'.ikh.iim i.isii N., N... X.., X,. i-5.i:i,-.i i.ri..m i?i,ii:iii. \.\:\VM ■.iii.ai.i (NI.AM. lil.VKV. I. Ill AU\, .\y,-u»( I'.l. r.ilil. /'./.. ./^ .1/;, 96 i:S!LAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A— Continued— I^STECTIO'S OF PETROLEUM. No. 24. — Return of Canadian Petroleum and Naphtha inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. DrvisiONS. Licenses. Petroleum. Naphtha. Total No. Fees. London 2 2 Galls. 6,526,896-91 Galls. 765,216 04 Galls. 7,292,112-95 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Depiity Minister. STATISTICS 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 No. 2-5. — -Comparative Statement of Petroleum and Naphtha inspected during the Years ended June 30, 1903 and 1904. Pkovixces. 1903. Ontario Ontario 1904. Licenses. • Peta-oleum. Naphtha. Totals. No. Fees. § Galls. Galls. Galls. 2 i 2 7,784,179-80 831,712-21 8,615,892 01 2 2 6,526,896-91 765, 216 04 7,292,112-95 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 98 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A— Con^inwec^— MANUFACTURES IN BOND. No. 26. — Return of Manufactures Licenses. M.VTERIALS UsEI>. Divisions. No. Fees. Spirits. Beer, Wine, &c. Nitric Acid. Mercury. Brantford, Ont ... •7 2 i 1 1 6 4 S cts 100 00 100 00 50 00 25 00 300 00 275 00 700 00 Galls. 9,629 20,532 8,162 200 189,260 62,824 10,3.56 33 91 34 64 32 20 44 Galls. 300 333-30 2.31-91 Lbs. Lbs. Kingston ■■ Frescott -. Toronto <» 809-50' 930,730 '.50^966 100,499 G',14li Totals 17 1,550 00 300, 966 18 1,377-71 981,696 106,640* Montreal, Que Quebec .> St. Hyacinthe, Que Sherbrooke •< 10 1 2 1 450 00 50 00 100 00 300 00 48,941-63 970-70 22,471 09 2.5,548-28 235-30 "'"H7J78' 117,778 " " 15^3.52 Totals '. . 14 900 (Jo 96,901-00 1,206 00 15,3.52 St. John, N.B 2 100 00 7,574-65 206-20 Winnipeg, Man 1 50 00 1 83 1 Grand Totals 34 2,600 00 405,501 2,789-91 1,099,474 12l,992i Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. STATISTICS 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the Year ended June 30, 1904. Manufactured. Paid Duty ex-Manufactort. Warehoused. Total Duty Collected ex-Manu- factory, including License Fees. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Vinegar. Duty. A^inegar. Crude Fulminate. Galls. 40,980-53 131,847-48 60,152-42 Lbs. Galls 40,980-53 21,820-77 12,102-36 210-83 S cts. 1,643 43 872 83 484 10 8 43 (ialls. Lbs. S cts. 1 743 43 110,026-71 48, 050 06 57 < -88 " 161^61 '94' 121,008' 7,071 972 83 534 10 788-71 12L068 7^071 33 43 300 00 396,883-39 235,721 45 8,428 97 8,703 97 700 00 630, 652 -.^3 128,079 310,835-94 11,437 76 319,816-59 128,079 12,987 76 257,396 -30 161,530-06 6,461 23 95,866-24 6,911 23 50 00 117,548 -93 14,361-26 574 45 103,187 67 674 45 17,559 • 17,559 300 00 374,945-23 17,559 175,891-32 7,035 68 199,053 91 17,559 7,935 68 46,914-90 41,669-27 1,666 76 5,245 63 1,766 76 50 0(1 1,052,512-66 145,638 528,396-53 20,140 20 524, 116 13 145,638 22,740 20 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 12 .7 100 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A— CWYi?i«^rf— MANUFACTURES IN BOND. No. 27. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures Licenses. Matekiai-s Usfi,i). Provinces 1903. Ontario Quebec New Brunswick . Manitoba . , . . . Totals. 1904. Ontario Quebec New Brunswick . . Manitoba Totals. 17 14 Beer, No. I Fees. Spirits. i w- t Nitric Acid.' Mercury ' ' I Wine, &c. I •' Galls. j Galls. ' Lbs. nO6-30 1,1.50 I 272,806-58 -| ^jJ^'.^S Lbs. 846,918 90,812 700 ' 138,964-24 1,728 30 201,515 100 50 6,859-77 2.50-10 33,607 418,6.30-59 1 1 ^4io6'30 f 1.108,433 I 124,419 1,550 i 300,966 18 1,377-71 : 981,696 900 96, 961 00 1,206 00 100 50 7,574-65 206 20 34 ! 2,600 405,501-83 2,78991 1,099,474 117,778 106,6401 15,352 121,9924 Malt Extract. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. STATISTICS 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the Years ended June 30, 1903 and 1904. MaXLFACTLREI). Paid Duty ex- Manufactoky. Warkhouseu. Total Duty. Collected Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Vinegar. Duty. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. factory, including License Fees. Galls. ()29,821-43 429,089-70 41,881-24 Llis. 110,222 00 38,878-00 Galls. 268,6.59-70 284,429 -.59 35,857 10 ■S ct.s. 10,804 21 11,377 18 1,434 24 Galls. 361,101.67 145,200-17 0,024-08 Lbs. 110,222-00 38,878-00 •S cts. 11,9.54 21 12,077 18 1,.534 24 50 00 1,101,392-43 149,100 00 588,946-51 23,015 63 512,445-92 149,100 -00 25,015 03 (^30, 6.52 -53 3/4,945-23 40,914 90 128,079 00 17,559 00 310,835 94 175,891-32 41.669 27 11,437 76 7,035 68 1,666 76 319,810-59 199,053-91 5,245 63 128,079.00 17,559-00 12,987 76 7,935 68 1,766 76 50 00 i 1,0.52,512-60 145,038 00 528,396 53 20,140 20 524,116 13 14.0,638 00 22,740 20 w. J. GERAL Deputy M inister. 12— 71 102 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A— 6'on«m?te(7— MANUFACTURES IN BOND. Dr. No. 28. — Warehouse Return for Remaining in Warehouse from last year; Warehoused. Received from other Divisions. Totals. Divisions. Vinegar. Vinegar. Galls. ■ 110,026 71 48,050 06 577 88 ^ Crude Fulminate Lbs. Vinegar. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate . Lbs. ■ Galls. 38,358 03 Galls. Galls. 148,384 74 65,077 07 577 88 . . Hamilton, Ont 17,027 01 . .Kingston, " " ' 121,008' 7,071' 121,008 . . Prescott, M 82,630 05 161,161 94 243,791 99 Toronto, i> ... 7,071 138,015 09 319,816 59 128,079 457,831 68 128,079 . . . Totals 63,634 45 95,866 24 103, 187 67' 159,500 69 . .Montreal, <2ue 9,453 28 9.118 80 18,572 08 159,652 26 17,559 337,725 03 ! 17,559 56,464 59 17,559 . .St. Hyacinthe, Que 9,118 80 . .Sherbrooke, n . . . 129,552 32 199,053 91 17,559 Totals 1,862 53 5,245 63 7,108 16 I ..St. John, N.B 7,616 32 42,212 84 49,829 16 852,494 03 145,638 277,046 2() 524, IK; 13 145,638 51,331 64 Grand Totals Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. STATISTICS 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 the Year ended June 30, 1904. Entered for Consumption. Removed to other Divisions. Exported. Remaining in Warehouse. Totals. Vinegar. Duty. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Vinegar. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Galls. 97,020 39 47,742 02 577 88 S cts . 3,880 81 1,909 67 23 11 Galls. 7,982 73 Lbs. Galls. 43,381 62 17,335 05 Galls. 148,384 74 65,077 07 577 88 Lbs. 121,008 V'.on 121,008 146,821 27 5,872 87 25,142 80 71,827 92 243,791 99 7,071 292,161 56 11,686 46 33,125 53 128,079 132,544 59 457,831 68 128,079 105,902 52 4,236 08 288 54 3,443 36 9,087 31 44,510 86 11,358 85 64,448 70 159,500 69 18,572 08 159,652 26 7,213 23 86,084 76 9,118 80 17,559 17,559 199,200 51 7,967 98 18,206 11 17,559 120,318 41 337,725 03 17,5.59 l,8(i2 53 74 50 .5,245 63 7,108 16 46,854 16 1,874 14 2,975 00 49,829 16 540,078 76 21,603 08 51,331 64 145,638 261,083 63 852,494 03 145,638 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 12—7 R— 4 104 inla:s'd revenues 3-4 edward vii., a. -904 APPENDIX A— ^.oniwwet^— MANUFACTURES IN BOND. No. 29. — Comparative Statement of Warehouse Returns Remaining in Warehouse from last year. WarehooBed. Received from other Divisions. Totals. Provinces. Vinegar. Vinegar. Galls. 361,161 67 145,260 17 6,02108 Crude Fulminate. Lbs. 110,222 00 38,878 00 Vinegar. Galls. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Galls. 116,944-70 130 771- 36 Galls. 478,106-37 276,031-53 8,103 79 51,197.10 Lbs. 110,222- 00 38,878-00 1903. . . Ontario . . Quebec 2,079-71 . . New Brunswick 51,i97-i6 . . Manitoba 249,795-77 138,015-09 129,552-32 1,862 53 7 616 -32 512,445-92 319.816 59 199,053-91 5, -245 63 149, 100 00 -28,079 00 17,559 00 51,197 -10 813,438-79 457,831-68 337, 725 03 7,108-16 49, 829 16 149,100 00 128,079 -00 17,559 00 Totals 1904. . . Ontario 9,118-80 . . Quebec . New Brunswick 42,212-84 . . Manitoba 277,046-26 524,116 13 145, 638 00 51,331-64 852,494 03 145,638 00 Totals Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. STATISTICS 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 for the years ended June 30, 1903 and 1904. Entered for Consumption. Removed to othwr Divisions. Vinegar. Duty. Vinegar. Exported. Crude Fulminate. Remaining in Warehouse. Totals. Vii Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. (ialls. 288,894 18 146,479-21 8 cts. 11,555 79 5,859 24 249 65 1,743 23 Galls. 51, 197 10 Lbs. 110,222 00 38,878-00 Galls. 138,015 09 129,552-32 1,862-53 7,616-32 (ialls. 478,106-37 276,031 53 8,103-79 51,197 -10 Lbs. 110,222 00 .S8,878-00 6,241-26 43, .580. 78 ::::::::::::; 485.195-43 19,407 91 .51, 197 10 149,100-00 277,046-26 •813,438 79 149, 100 00 292,161-56 199,200-51 1,862-53 11,686 46 7,967 98 74 50 1,874 14 33,125-53 18,206 11 128,079 00 17,559-00 132,544-59 120,318-41 5,245-63 2, 975 -00 457,831-68 337,725 -03 7,108 16 49,829-16 128,079 -00 17,559-00 46,854 16 540,078-76 21,603 08 51,331-64 14.5, 638 -00 261,083-63 852,494-03 145,638 00 1903. 1904. Total duty collectei, e.\-manufactory and ex-uarehouse -^ 43,023 54 -"? 42,743 28 on licenses 2,000 00 2,600 00 Totals S 45,023 54 •? 45,343 28 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 106 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A—Continued— ACETIC ACID. No. 30 — Return of Manufactures for the Year ended June 30, 1904. Divisions. Licenses. I No. Fees . Toronto, Ont . . Montreal, Que. Totals . . . . Manufac- tured. Galls. 50 62,618-85 501 lOOl 62,618-85 Paid Duty ex-Manufactoky. Duty. Galls. $ cts. 11,170-53| 446 82 11,170-53 446 82 Ware- housed. Galls. 51,448-32 Total Duty collected ex-Manu- factory, incl uding License Fees. 496 82 .50 00 51,448-32 546 82 Inland Revenue Department, Ottaava, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Ministe?: APPENDIX A— Continued— ACETIC ACID. No. 31 — Comparative Statement of Manufactures for the Years ended June 30, 1903 and 1904. Provinces. Licenses. Manufac- tured. Paid Duty ex-Manuf.\ctory. Ware- housed. Total Duty collected ex-Manu- factorj^ including License Fees. No. Fees. — - Duty. - 1903. Ontario . . Quebec . . 1 1 2 50 50 • Galls. 213,922-62 6,434-93 Galls. 64,993-22 2,838-15 67,831-37 •$ cts. 2,599 74 113 53 Galls. 148,929-40 3,596-78 S cts. 2,649 74 163 53 Totals 100 220,3.57-55 2,713 27 152,526-18 2,813 27 1904. Ontario Quebec 1 1 2 50 50 62,618-85 11,170 53 440 82 51,448-32 496 82 50 00 Totals 100 62,618-85 11,170-53 446 82 51,448-32 546 82 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W.J. GER\LD, Deputy Minister. STATISTICS 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A—Conhnued—ACETLC ACID. No. 32 — Warehouse Return for the Year ended June 30, 190-t. Dr. Cr. Remain- ing in Ware- house from last year. Ware- housed. Received from other DL; visions. Totals. Divisions. Entered for Con- sumption Galls. 43,994-73 9,858-71 Duty. S cts. 1,759 79 394 36 Removed to other Di- visions. Remain- ing in Ware- house. Totals. Galls. 61,.517-47 3,5!l() 78 Galls. 51,448-32 Galls. 1 Galls. 1 1 112,965-79 34,863-51; 38,460-29 . .Toronto. . . . Montreal . Galls. 34,863-51 Galls. 34,107-55 28,601 -58 Galls. 112,965-79 38.460-29 34,363-51 05,114-25 51,448 32 34,863-51 151,426-08 1 ...Totals.. 53,8.53-44 -.',154 15 62,709-13 151,426-08 Inland PvEvenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 108 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A— Continued— ACKTIC ACID. No. 33 — Comparative Statement of Warehouse Returns for the Years ended June 30, 1903 and 1904. Dr. Cr. Remain- ing in Ware- house from last year. Galls. Ware- housed. Galls. 148,929-40 3,596-78 152,526-18 61,517-47 51,448-32 3,596-78 Received! from J other Di- visions. ! Galls. Totals. Galls. ' Entered Provinces, for Con- Duty, sumption 1903. 148,929-40 ..Ontario .3,596-78 ..Quebec. ^82,880-86 3,315 22| 4,531-07' 61,517-471148,929-40 I : 3,596-78! 3,5%-78 152,526-18 Totals. 1904. 112,965-79 ..Ontario 34,803-51 38,460-29 ..Quebec. 65,114-25 51, 448 -321 34,863-51 151,4-26-081 ... .Totals. Removed Remain- to ing in fntak other Di- Ware- I ^o'^*'*'- visions. house, i Galls. S cts . Galls. Galls. Galls. 82,880-86! 3,315 221 4,.531-07! 65,114-25152,526-18 43,994-73 9,8.58-71 1,759 79 394 36 34,863-51 34,107-55jll2-965-79 28,601 -.58 38,460-29 03,853-44; 2,154 15j 34,863-51 62,709-13151.426-08 1903. 1904. Total duty collectecl, ex-manufactory and ex- warehouse. . 11 •■ on licenses . . 8 6,028 49 S 2,600 97 100 00 100 00 •S 6,128 49 -S 2,700 97 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister, STATISTICS 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 METHYLATED SPIRITS. No. 34 — State.ment showing the quantity of Raw Materials on hand at beginning and end of year, and brought in and used during the year 1903-1904. Dr. (A) Cr. Names , Stock on of hand, Articles. Julyl,1903 Brought in during the year. Total to be Accounted for Used in manufacture of Methylated Spirits. Sold. Stock on hand June 30, 1904. Pr'f galls. Pr'f galls. ' Pr'f galls, [i Pr'f galls. iPr'f galls. Alcohol Wood Naphtha.. 5, 260 -201 64,639 -78 69,899 98 2,712-541 23,046-941 5, 759 48 66,052-35. 138 10 23,417-78 Total Accounted for Pr'f galls. ' Pr'f galls. 3,T09-53 2,341-70 69,899-98 25,759-48 • ^ (B) Statement showing tlie quantity of Raw Materials used, and Methylated Spirits pro- duced therefrom. Alcohol used Statement (A) above. Wood Naphtha used Statement (A) above. IVlethylated Spirits used Statement (C) . below. Total to be Accounted for. Methylated Spirits produced. Loss in Manufacture. Total Accounted for. Pr'f galls. 66,052 35 Pr'f galls. 23,417 78 Pr'f galls. Pr'f galls. 89,470 13 Pr'f galls. 87,745-6; Pr'f galls. 1,724-46 p.c. 1 961 Pr'f galls. 89, 470 13 (C) Statement showing the quantity of Methylated Spirits on hand at beginning and end of year, and brought in, sold and otherwise accounted for during the vear. Stock on hand July 1, 1903. Manufac- tured as above Statement (B). Brought in during the year. Total to be Accounted for. Sold. Used in Methylat- ed Spirits Ware- house. Re-used in Manufac- ture of Methy- lated Spirits. Stock on hand June 30, 1904. Total Accounted . for. Pr'f galls. 4,268 79 Pr'f galls. 87,745-67 Pr'f galls. Pr'f galls. 92,014 46 Pr'f galls. 87,291-62 Pr'f gaUs. Pr'f galls. Pr'f galls. 4,722-84 Pr'f galls. 92,014-46 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 110 Dr. INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII.. A. 1905 No. 35. — Hydraulic and other Rents, cVrc, 1-5. g ® c a is- M a pi Totals, a Location. ' Original Lessees. Present Occupants. $ ct-.s. 100 00 50 00 150 00 $ cts. 200 00 100 00 300 00 300 00 100 00 100 00 300 00 400 00 100 00 600 00 200 00 104 00 10 00 100 00 96 00 8 00 ' 25'66' $ cts. 300 00 150 00 450 00 450 00 100 00 100 00 300 00 400 00 100 00 600 00 200 00 104 00 10 00 100 00 96 00 72 00 570 84 25 00 200 00 96 00 1 00 380 00 225 00 65 00 50 00 1 00 100 00 10 00 1 00 150 00 1 00 1 00 5 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 200 00 165 00 90 00 100 00 50 00 1 00 1 00 12 00 5 00 10 00 1 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13' 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Ottawa River ;; : : : : St. Lawrence Quebec . ........ Perley & Pattee Thomson & Perkins Lj'man Perkins J. R. Booth 150 00 R. Blackburn et al J. & J. Petrie. McKay Milling Co., Ltd A. H. Baldwin Ottawa Electric Ry. Co.. Perley & Pattee ■T. M. Cuirier Harris, Bronson & Co . . . M N. S Blaisdell The Bronson & Weston Lumber Ct) , Ottawa Electric Ry. Co •J. R. Booth. "'64'66" Perley & Pattee L. M. Coutlee John Rochester J. R. Booth Mary Com oy 570 84 200 00 Hon. J. Skead 96 00 ' " I'oo' G. A. Grier & Co .... . .John Rankin Ottawa Electric Ry. Co 380 00 75 00 150 00 5 00 50 00 1 00 100 00 10 00 1 00 25 00 1 00 1 00 i o6' 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 100 00 J. R. Booth 60 00 Colin Dewar The Bronson Co Ottawa Electric Co Que. Har. Commissioners Rich, and Ont. Nav. Co.. 125 00 Corporation de Quebec. . Richibucto Har. . Rondeau Har Collingwood Har.. Ottawa Walkerton, Ont .. Three Rivers British Columbia.. 5 00 School Trustees Great North'n Transit Co E. (t. Laverdure D.Rob'tson &J. Rowland Corporation de Three-Riv W. Ritchie A. Peel 100 00 165 00 90 00 .Jonathan Maury .... 75 00 25 00 25 00 1 00 1 00 12 00 25 00 Joseph Spratt Bank of British Columbia W. Dodd D. W. Gordon S. Williams 5 00 5 00 1 00 Geo. H. Huff Canadian Pac. Ry. Co. . . STATISTICS 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Lessees" Accounts, 1 903-1 904r. Cr. Description of ProiJerty. - 0) Lots B and C, Chaudiere St., service ground Lot D Lots E, F and G, South Head St Lots H, I and J. grist mill, Xorth Head St Lot K, fanning mill. South Head St Lot L, service gi-ound Lots Q, R and T, service ground. North Middle St Lots M, N, O and V, service ground (no water used) : . . . Lot S, service ground Lots U, V, W, X, Y and Z, service ground Two strips of land Lumber yard at head of slides Bridge over slides Strip of land, Amelia Island Reserve, head of Chaudiere Lsland Small island, Deschenes Rapids Portion of lot 3!), Concession 'A,' Xepean Excavated channel slide and two dams. Little Chaudiere Water lots opposite lot 30, Concession ' A,' X'^epean . . Three sjnall islands, Ottawa River Covering over portion of Ottawa slides.. East portion of Hawley's Island Piece of land, south-west end of Union Bridge Piece of land on Victoria Island Piece of land, south side of Middle St., ^'ictoria Island . Piece of land, Longue Pointe Rouge Templeton, Ottawa County South-west of lot Xo. 1, Amelia Island . Lot Pa, South Head St Small lot near Custom House, Quebec Roadway from pier at Coteau Landing Old Pro\incial Government Building grounds, on Moun- tain Hill Pri\ilege to erect bridge on St. Charles River Piece of land at Xorth Beach Use of old log house formerly used as Custom House, Shrewsbury, Ont . . L^se of breakwater for storing coal South-east half of lot 8, Ottawa Right of way over strip of land Lot of land ou St. Christopher Island, St. Maurice River Outlet of River St. Maurice Portion of Assay Office, Xew Westminster . . . June30, 1904 .. 30, 1904 - 30, 1904 4 „ 30, 1904 5iDec. 31, 1903 6 „ 31, 1903 7 1 „ 31, 1903 « .. 31, 1903 9 .June30, 1904 10 ,. 30, llJan. 1, 12 Sept.20, 13iJune.3(i, 14!.Ian. 1, 15i „ 16 „ 17 Feb. 18 Mar. 19 Dec. 20 May 1, 21X0 v. 10, 22 .TuueSO, 23 X0V.I2, 24 Junelu, 25, Aug. 31, 1904 1905 1904 1905 1905 1905 1904 1885 1905 1891 1891 1904 1891 1904 1905 1904 Oct. 24, M 9, Jan. 10, Sept. 1, July 1, 3 June2.5, 4'Feb. (5, 5 June30, (i Sept. 11, Feb. (), Dec. 18, Apl. 27, lOjDec. 1, 11 June30, Privilege to erect two bulkheads. Rock Baj\ V'ictoria Harbour Privilege to build a wharf opposite his own propertj', Victoria Harbour Right of drainage through Government property, Nanaimo Old Government House, Yale Beach lots A, C, E and F, front of 7, 8 and 9, Xanaimo Harbour Frontage on lot 7, block M, Victoria Permission to Viuild a wharf on lot A, block 2, Sumas River, Alberni, B.C , ••■; Portion of Custom House lot, Xew Westminster 14 11, 11, 15| „ 16 Dec. 1, 17 1 July 24, 18iAug.27, 19ljulyl6, 20 Aug. 12, 21 Apl. 14, 1903 1905 1904 1905 1904 1904 1891 1891 1905 1905 1904 1903 1904 1903 1904 1905 ^> 100 00 1 00 1 00 12 00 1 00 C5 ^ Totals. S cts. 300 00 150 00 450 00 450 00 100 00 100 00 300 00 400 00 100 00 600 00 200 00 104 00 10 GO 100 00 96 00 72 00 570 84 25 00 200 00 96 00 1 00 380 00 225 00 65 00 50 00 1 00 100 00 10 00 1 00 150 00 1 00 1 00 5 00 1 00 1 00 ' 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 i 1 00 1 00 1 00 100 00 100 00 200 00 . . .. < 165 00 i 165 00 90 00 90 00 50 00 5 00 10 00 100 00 5(J no 1 00 1 00 12 00 5 00 10 00 1 00 112 Dr. INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 JSo. 3.5. — Hydraulic and other Rents, Arc, >, Q ^-V G C '^i § '^ . o~ ycc s^ 1^ 1l -^^ S cts. 70 00 1 00 240 00 2,801 84 $ cts. .50 00 16 00 1 00 o 00 1 00 5 00 1 00 5 00 3,647 00 Totals. $ cts. 50 00 70 00 1 00 16 00 1 00 5 00 240 00 1 00 .5 00 1 00 .") 00 6,448 84 Location. Original Lessees. Present Occupants. British Columbia.. Riviere du Lievre. Charlottetown A.ntigonish, N.S. . Owen Sound Windsor .John Reid Dominion Phosphate Co., Ltd Rt. Rev. Bishop Mclntyre L. C. Archibald . . . . Grand Trunk Railway. .Jacob Duke Speers Archie McNee Levis, Que Cj'rille Robitaille Bayfield, N.S. . . . Charles L. Gass. Village of Brooke, I Ont Rt. Rev. Bishop Mc- Donald . ... Pedwell, William. Inland Rrvenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. .STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Lessees' Accounts, 1903-1904 — Concluded. 113 Cr. Description of Property. u 1 22 23 24 25 2(j 27 28 29 30 31 32 Date to which Ac- count is made up. Paid during I'iscal Year. Balances d ue on J inie 30, 1904. Totals. Lot 1, blo-k 13, corner Begbie and Columbia St.s., New Westminster .... Permission to erect a landing ; Deputy Collector, Class A, for year 11 1st C!a.s3 Exciseman for year . . 1st 1st ., n .. II 2nd M from July 1, llt03, to Feb. 1, 1!(04 11 1st Class Exciseman from July 1, 1903, to January 1, 1904. Transferred to Windsor. . . . Salaries Contingencies Cornicall. ISIulhem, M. M. . . Salarj- as Collector for year. Salary Contingencies. Powell, J. B. Till, T. M... Daw'son, W. . . . Woodward, G. W Broadfoot, S . . Bish, P Spence, F. H . Bowman, A . . O'Donohue, M. Kilroy, E. T . Brain, A. F . . O'Brien, E. C. Alteman, P. J Howie, A Courts, J. J . Guelph. Salary as Collector for year II Deputy Collector, Class A, for year II Special Class Exciseman for year I. Special Class Exciseman for year . . . 11 Accountant II 1st Class Exciseinan for vear . . II 1st I.St I, 1, .. Lst I. 1. .. 1st 1. 1, .. 1st II II .. 2nd 1. II .. II 1st M II .. 3rd ,1 ,1 .. 1st .1 II .. S cts. S cts. 38 88 31 96 29 94 24 96 18 00 31 92 43 68 43 68 S cts. 7 20 4 32 3 60 4 32 2 88 2 88 2 88 175 66 28 08 S cts. 1,898 88 1,563 72 1,466 40 1,220 70 879 12 877 68 828 42 8,734 92- 380 58 31 86 7 20 i l,.o57 12 01 2() 20 46 19 96 35 04 05 22 26 3 60 2 88 2 88 2 88 1 20 1 44 1,160 76 1,001 64 977 16 964 56 303 40 422 52 83 52 114 37 22 08 6,387 16 1,203 29 20 34 20 34 3 60 3 60 43 26 3(1 66 31 96 24 96 23 94 20 46 20 4(5 20 46 20 4(; 20 46 35 40 17 34 33 0(> 15 30 43 68 7 20 3 60 4 32 4 32 4 32 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 996 00 996 00 92 30 2,114 52 1,500 72 1 563 72 1,220 70 1,146 96 1,001 64 1,001 64 1,001 64 1,001 64 1,001 64 975 42 8.50 98 910 26 746 82 828 42 Total amounts paid. Salaries. | 43 68 358 18 Contingencies I 52 56 : 16,866 72 .".. .. 1,012 12 I 17,878 84 S cts. 9,115 50 7,590 45 1,088 30 STATISTICS 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures, 1903-1904. — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for ]\Iiller, \V. F Salary as Cameron, D. M Baby, W. A. D Donaghj', W. . . O'Brien, Jas. . Crawford, W. P O'Brien, .T. F. Irwin, R Dnmbrille, R. W Hobbs, G. N Warden, R. S. R Brennan, D. .T. Hayhurst, T. H Logan, .J Amor, W Bishop, J. B.. Cheseldine, -F. H Lawlor, .T. .T. Blackman, C. Boyd, .T. F. S Hamilton. Collector for j'ear Special Class Exciseman for year ..... . . S cts. Deputy Collector, Class A, for year Accountant, for year 1st class exciseman for vear, 1st 1st M 1. 1st M >, 1st class exciseman from .July 1, 1903, to April 1, 1904, Transferred to Toronto . . . 1st class exciseman for year, 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st 1st Messenger 1st class exciseman from April 1 to June 30, 1904. Brought from Toronto Salaries Contingencies Dickson, C. T . . . . Grimason, T Hanley, A McFarland, C. D., Lyons, E O'Donnell, .J Fahey, E Hogan, -Jas Kingston. Salary as Collector for year M Dejaity Collector for year. . . . " Accountant for year II 1st class exciseman for year. . . 1st II Messenger for year II 3rd class exciseman for year. . !• 3rd class exciseman from -July 28, 1903, to .Tune 30, 1904. . . Salaries Contingencies. Spereman, J . J Davis, T. G Thrasher. W. A London. Alexander, T.._. . . . Salary as Collector for year II Special Class exciseman for year II Deputy Collector, Class A, for year II Deputy Collector, Class A, for year II Accountant for year Coles, F. H. . Wilson, D . . Hicks, W. H Stewart, Lee, E.. . Deputy Collector, Class B, from .July 1, 1903, to March 1 , 1904. Removed to Stratford. 72 84 02 ■S cts. 44 94 30 00 31 96 28 04 48 30 26 52 20 46 20 46 20 46 20 46 26 64 20 46 39 96 43 68 43 68 29 48 17 34 17 34 8 73 277 94 333 81 15 96 24 54 19 96 6 80 20 46 15 30 14 40 25 30 25 30 117 42 76 86 43 26 31 96 .SO 72 23 94 21 00 13 28 1st class exciseman for year. . . I 20 46 ..I I 20 46 1st S cts. 14 40 4 32 4 32 4 32 Amounts paid. 2 16 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 0 72 $ cts, 2,190 60 1,465 68 1,563 72 1,367 64 1,376 82 1,299 12 1,001 64 1,001 64 1,001 64 1,001 64 733 68 1,001 64 916 26 850 98 850 98 757 14 828 42 828 42 560 52 240 54 73 44 i 20,838 72 ' 669 47 7 20 3 60 2 88 0 99 2 88 2 67 25 98 1,616 82 1,199 34 977 16 3S3 86 1,001 04 746 82 702 72 478 42 7,056 78 1,316 91 7 20 2,114 52 I 4 32 I 1,563 72 3 60 I 1,503 18 3 60 1,457 04 4 32 1,146 96 2 88 1,026 12 1 92 2 88 2 88 651 44 1.001 64 1,001 64 Total amounts paid. S cts. 21,508 19 8,373 69 12 — 81 118 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures, IQOS-lQOi.-^Gontinued. To whom paid. Girard, J Boyle, P Davis, Jas Foster H Webbe, C. E. A. Tracy, J P. . . . Talbot, J Whitehead, J. P Fiddes, Jas Rose, J. A Freeland, A . . McGuire, T. . . Slattery, R.. . Fox, T Bennett, Jas. . Hinchey, E. H Laporte, G . . . , Casey, J Wiallard, R. A. London — Con. Salary as J st class exciseman for year . 1st 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 3rd M Deputy Collector, Class B, for year II Deputy Collector, Class B, from December 2, 1903, to June 30, 1901 II Deputy Collector, Class B, from April 10, 1904, to June 30, 1904 Salaries ... Contingencies Ottaioa. Salary as Collector for year M Deputy Collector, Clasi-' A, for year II 1st class exciseman for vear Deputy Collector, Class B, for year Accountant for year Deputy Collector, Class B, for year Probationary 3rd Class from 1st July to 30th Sept., 1903, and 3rd Class from 1st Oct. 1903, to June 30, 1904 Deputy Collector, Class B, from 11th April, 1904, to 30th June, 1904 Salaries Contingencies. Graham, W. J . Nichols, J. T . . Johnson, J. J. . . Chisholm, W. N. Blyth, A. McLenaghan, N Mason, F Oivcn Sound. Salary as Collector for year . . II Deputy Collector, Class B, for year II 1st class exciseman, for year. II Deputy Collector, Class A, tor year II 2nd class exciseman, for year. Salaries Contingencies Deductions fob lets. (Ins.) 71 76 37 44 32 40 14 49 13 52 A o .$ cts. 20 46 30 66 19 62 33 78 17 34 17 34 246 47 78 42 61 32 344 28 20 46 20 46 45 00' . . 18 70 16 96 28 741 I 6 G6i 220 14 45 54 45 54 76 58 9 20 19 96 19 68 19 38 68 22 Perth. Salary as Collector for year ,' 71 70 II Special Cla.ss exciseman for 1 year ! ' 30 96 $ cts. 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 83 1 67 0 75 59 06 7 20 3 60 2 88 2 88 2 88 4 32 2 88 29 52 3 60 2 88 2 88 3 60 2 88 15 84 7 20 4 32 Amounts paid. $ cts. ],001 64 919 68 960 90 930 78 850 98 8.50 98 709 68 614 64 274 12 256 55 18,836 21 1,223 46 1,484 34 1,162 56 1,001 64 1,001 64 852 12 913 74 830 16 543 36 126 67 7,916 23 194 89 1,377 16 977 16 966 12 946 98 864 06 5,131 48 618 02 1,356 06 1,514 70 Total amounts paid. $ cts. 20,059 67 8,111 12 5,749 ,50 STATISTICS 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures, 1903-1904. — Continued. To whom paid. Keilty, T Gerald, W. H. Macdonald, A. B Melville, T. R... Keeler, G. S ... Wood, J. A. . . Johnston, G. E., White, .T. B . . . . Service. •Goodman, A. W Noonan, H. T . . Clarke, T Rowan, W. E. . . Egan, W Baikie, D ■George, J Maurice, E . . Murphy, Jas. L. Rudkins, W. Rork, T.... Howden, R. Bickle, J. W Ironside, G. A. Sangster, F. H Marshall, X . . Whelan, T. E McPherson, E. A., Perth — Con. Salary as 1st class exciseman for year. . II Deputy Collector, Class A, for year II Deputy Collector, Class B, for year Deductions for Salaries Contingencies Peterborough. $ cts. 86 72 40 04 25 04 25 04 10 04 15 00 5 02 228 60 58 14 Salary as Collector for year II Deputy Collector, Class A, j for year . . 43 90 II Deputy Collector, Class B, for year Salaries Contingencies Port Arthur. Salary as Collector for year r II Deputy Collector from July 13 1903, to June 30, 1904 '. 7 20 102 10 Salaries Contingencies Prcscott. Salary as Collector for year 11 Special Class Exciseman for year 7 20 A, Deputy Collector, Class for year 2nd Class Exciseman for year. Deputy Collector, Class B, for year 3rd Class Exciseman, from July 1 to October 31, 1904 . . Deputy Collector, Class B, for year 3rd Class Exciseman for year . Probationary 3rd Class from Dec. 17, 1903, to June 30,1904 T'robationarv 3rd Class from Dec. 28, 1903, to June 30,1904 Salaries... Contingencies G2 46 32 48 30 72 13 48 12 75 151 89 O 3 $ cts. 20 46 51 42 16 04 13 96 30 00 20 34 20 34 33 96 31 96 24 96 17 34 O $ cts. 2 88 3 60 2 88 2 88 2 88 3 60 2 88 2 88 2 88 38 88 3 60 3 60 12 96 3 60 2 79 Amounts paid. 6 39 5 00 113 22 20 4 32 4 32 3 60 2 88 2 88 0 96 2 88 2 88 1 55 1 44 34 91 S cts. 1,001 64 694 68 757 08 472 08 397 08 471 36 187 08 282 12 92 10 7,225 98 599 99 1,100 76 832 44 781 08 683 16 3,397 44 212 38 996 00 135 17 1,131 17 215 49 1,658 82 1,563 72 1,220 70 1,183 92 850 98 847 08 244 04 614 64 581 40 255 08 241 14 9,201 52 804 14 Total amounts paid. S cts. 7,825 97 3,609 82 1,.346 66 10,065 66 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Appendix B.-No. l.-Details of Excise Expendtees^^l903-1^^ Harris, J. G MilUken, E . . Schram, R. L. H Simpson, W. A . Rennie, Geo Tobin, T. S Clarke, A. F Egener, A . Waller, J . . Young, R. E . Jeffrey, A. J. Hicks, W. H — 6,774 98 Erankland, H. R . Salary Gerald, C j Henderson, \V . . Boomer, J. B . . . Mackenzie, J. H Metcalf, W. V.. Boyd, S. I Dick, J. W Evans, (i. T. . . . Jamieson, R. C. Shanacy, M Dudley, W. H.. Coleman, C Helliwell, H. N. . . O'Leary, J.J Flynn, D. J as Collector for year • • • 105 %\ Special Class Exciseman for year : Deputy Collector, Class A, for year. Accountant for year. Deputy Collector, Class A, for year • • ■ Special Class Exciseman for year • ■ • • Deputy Collector, Class B, for year Special Class Exciseman for year • • Special Class Exciseman for| year • ■ • •. ■•• Special Class Exciseman for year ■ Deputy Collector, Class B for year 1st Class Exciseman for year Deputy Collector, Class B for vear 1st Class Exciseman for year 1st .. " . T i „ ,, from July 1 to Aug. 27,:i903, and Special Class from Aug. 28, 1903, to June 30, 1904. 4 08 1,141 36 STATISTICS 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures, 1903-1904. — Contimied. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for Graham, W. T. Dovle, B. J. . . Weir, >J Cook, W. R Howard, W. W. S Hurst, L. B Barber, J. S ... Murray, A. K . . Dager, H. J . Breutnall, F. F. Boyd, J. F. S. . Coulter, A. Ritchie, H. Jones, .\ Falconer, R. H. Graham, A. L . . Burns, R. J . . . Mahoney, H Gillies, A. L,.... Elliott, T.H.. Walsh, W. H. Fielding, L. G . . . Warden, R. S. R . Toronto— Con. Salaiy as 1st Class Exciseman for year 1st ■ .. 1st tT II from July 1, 1903, to .Ian. 1, 1904; resigned 1st Class Exciseman for year 1st ,. I. ' . 1st 2nd ,1 2nd Deputy Collector, Class B, for year . . Deputy Collector, Class B, for year 1st Class Exciseman from July 1, 1903, to April 1, 1904; removed to Hamilton 1st Class Exciseman for year. Deputy Collector, Class B, for year 3rd Class Exciseman for year . 1st .1 .1 " . ist If If 2nd I, 1st 3nd II n from Jan. 1 to June 30, 1904 Deputy Collector, Class B, for year (Insurance) Probationary 3rd Class from Oct. 14, 1903, to April 13, 1904, and 3rd Class from Apl. 14 to June 30, 1904 iStenographer and typewriter from Jan. 1 to June 30, 1904. 1st Class Exci-eman, April 1 to June 30, 1904, brought from Hamilton McSween, .Jas . . Bouteiller, G. A Marion, H. R Dunlop, C ". . . Gow, J. E . . . . Brennan, J. . Allen, (4. A . Belleperche, A. -J. E Marcon, F. A Keogh, P. M Salaries Contingencies. Windsor. Salary as Collector for year Special Class Exciseman for year Deputy Collector, Class A, for year Deputy Collecto r, Class B, for year Special Class Exciseman for year Special Class Exciseman for year Special Class Exciseman from July 1, to Oct. 1, 1903 ; re- moved to St. Hyacinthe Accountant for year 1st Class Exciseman for year . Deputy Collector, Class B, for year ^J- c c C.2 i P 0) K CC Sots. $ cts. 45 00 42 52 40 04 43 08 43 68 43 08 43 68 27 48 46 20 31 32 18 92 9 96 613 70 71 58 57 48 20 46 20 46 9 96 20 46 20 4() 20 4( 17 34 17 34 23 55 32 28 15 30 9 18 570 05 38 88 32 94 25 96 24 96 24 96 6 00 S cts. 2 88 2 88 1 44 2 88 2 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 16 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 05 Amounts paid. 0 72 128 53 14 40 4 32 7 20 3 60 4 32 4 32 20 46 19 96 1 08 4 32 2 88 3 60 § cts. 1,001 64 1,001 64 488 58 1,001 64 1,001 64 1,001 64 850 98 850 98 852 12 804 60 649 26 889 80 757 08 746 82 828 42 828 42 j 828 42! 828 42 519 60 844 53 357 90 190 02 252 60 Total amounts paid. cts. 37,499 59 1,605 71 39,105 30 1,891 68 1,612 68 1,353 72 1,270 44 1,220 70 1,220 70 292 92 1,088 16 1,001 04 976 41 122 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures, 1903-1904. — Continued. To whom paid. Thomas, R. Bayard, G. A. •lubenville, J. Falconer, .1. . Cahill, J. W.. Neil, .Jas Chilver, F. W Mc Arthur, G. Beneteau, S . Berrv, H L.. Adam, A. R Forest, E. R... Fox, .J. D Lane, T. M . Walsh, D. J . . Scullion, W. J . ?- orniandin, (t. Chagnon. C. P. Malo, T Dumoiichel, L. Courtney, .J. J Verner, F Dixon, H.J. S. Andrews, A. A Codd, H. J. S . Renaud, A. H. Desaulniers, J. A Laurier, .J. L . SuMwden, J. W Millier, E . . . . Panneton, G. E Costigan, J. .J. Labelle, L. V. . Taylor, G. W. . Moieau, A Ralston, T 'Garaache, J. X Forest, M . . , . Olivier, H Bourgeois, C . . Tovipin, J. A . Caven, W . . . Service. Windsor — Con. Salary as 1st Class Exciseman for year 1st 2nd M 3rd 3rd 1st 1st 1st 1, 2nd „ 1st ir I, from Jan 1, to June 30, 1904 ; brought from Brantford 3rd Class Exciseman from Jan 1, to June 30, 1904 Deductions for S cts. 43 68 43 68 43 68 30 72 24 96 1.5 00 Salaries Contingencies Jolktte. Salary as Collector for year Special Class Exciseman for year Deputy Collector, Class B . . , 330 78 Probationary 3rd class from Jan. 1, to .Ttme 30, 1904 Messenger from .Tan. 1 to June 30, 1904 Salaries 216 52 Contingencies Montreal. Salary as Collector for year ti Deputy Collector, Class A, for year II Accountant for year Special Class Exciseman for year . . 1st Class Exciseman for year. . Deput}' Collector for year 2nd Class Exciseman for year. 2nd u 2nd „ 1st M 2nd „ 2nd M 2nd „ 1st M 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 3rd 3rd 49 96 49 96 4.5 54 41 82 46 20 $ cts. 20 46! 20 46 i 17 341 15 30 1 15 30 i 282 98 S cts. 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 1 44 1 44 Amounts paid. S cts. 1,001 64 1,001 64 850 98 746 82 746 82 82S 42 828 42 828 42 581 40 Total amounts paid. 78 84 473 58 283 56 I 20,100 781 992 45 21,093 23 1,454 70 1,465 68 708 96 ( 661 44 663 24 186 36' 236 04 190 02 21 96 37 98 30 72 27 00 27 24 24- 00 28 04 20 46 14 40 5,566 44 958 62 17 34 17 34 17 34 17 34 17 34 30 42 17 34 32 28 2 88 3 60 7 20 2 88 15 30 15 30 15 301 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 1,847. 58 1,499 58 1,315 80 1,333 38 1,173 12 1,367 64 1,001 64 94(i 44 9J2 84 850 98 850 98 850 98 850 i)8 850 98 837 90 850 98 889 80 864 06 792 78 875 88' 746 82! 746 82j 746 82' 6,525 06 STATISTICS 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures, 1903-1904. — Continued. Service. Deductions FOR Amounts paid. To whom paid. 4J 'i \ a; Total amounts paid. X \ X o Montreal— Con. S cts. $ cts.j § cts. .S cts. ■S cts. O'Flahertv, E. J . . Salary as 3rd Class E.xciseman for year . 15 30' 2 88 746 82 Brabant J. B.G.N. 3rd ,. M „ . . 15 96 15 30 2 88 2 88 781 14 746 82 Belair, A. P.. .. 3rd ., n „ .. Ryan, W 3rd „ ,. -. .. 38 22 2 88 723 90 Mainville, C. P.. 3rd M „ „ .. 15 30 2 88 746 82 Daveliiv, J. P... 3rd M .. „ .. 38 22 2 88 723 90 Oomte, L. A. A. J. 2nd „ M M .. 27 78 2 88 705 54 Kearney, D. J . . . . 1st H M .... 43 68 2 88 828 42 Bousquet, J. () . . . Lambert, J. A. . . II 1st II II II 43 68 2 88 828 42 2nd ,1 .1 ,1 .. 39 96 2 88 757 14 Maranda, N. A . . . 3rd II 11 II .. :h3 00 2 88 024 12 David,* T 2nd 1. 11 -1 .. 37 74 2 88 714 36 Haruood, J. O. A. 2nd II ,1 .1 .. 37 50 2 88 710 82 Fortier, V II Deputy Collector, Clas.s B,froni July I to October 1, 1903.. 1. Deputy Collector, Class B, for 8 73 0 90 165 36 Bruyere, H. P.... year II Deputy Collector, Class B, for 32 48 3 60 613 92 Patter&on, C. E. A. year 34 90 3 60 661 44 Marin, L. H . ... II 3rd Class E.Kc'seman for year. 31 26 2 88 592 08 34 92 33 78 42 52 47 22j 47 22 30 00 28 74 17 48 11 14 224 32 40- 04 11 92 9 00 206 66 28 04 O Amounts paid. $ cts. 7 20 3 60 4 32 4 32 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 88 1 28 52 40 % cts. ! 2,178 24 1,531 38 1,397 04 1,171 68 977 16 961 56 930 78 804 60 896 10 896 10 567 12 543 36 385 20 288 12 329 64 210 66 Total amount paid. Miller, J. E .... Parkinson, E. B . . McCraney, H. P.. Swannell, F. W. . . Power, J. F Cargill, W Wolfenden, W Salaries ....... Contingencies Thorburn, J . ... McCutcheon,H.M. Vancouver. Salary as Collector for year Salary as Deputy Collector, Class A, for year Salary as Deputy Collector, Class B, for year Salary as Deputy Collector, Class B, for year Salary as 2nd Class Exciseman from July 1 to October 31 , and Accountant from Nov. 1, 1903, to June 30, 1904 Salary as Deputy Collector, Class B, for year Salary as Deputy Collector, Clas.« B, for year Salary as 3rd Class Exciseman . . . M Deputy Collector, Class B, for; year ' 30 00 21 00 11 64 10 00 61 68 49 04 32 46 60 24 45 00 47 48 39 12 39 00 34 96 33 00 3 60 2 88 2 88 2 88 2 40 14,068 74 3,536 39 14 64 1,368 36 757 08 576 12 218 SO 187 60 3,107 96 2,505 27 7 20 1,585 32 3 60 1,141 14 851 40 898 92 3 60 3 60 3 84 3 60 3 60 2 88 3 60 740 32 737 40 661 44 624 12 566 40 % cts. 17,605 13 5,613 23 STATISTldS 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures, 1903-1904. — Coidimted. To whom paid. Hodden W. E.. Howell, T Stevens, D. B. . . Parsons, C . H . . Keay, W. S Jones, R O'Sullivaii, D. .. Henwood, (t . . . Ridgman, A. H . McAloney, .J . A Service. Vancouiri — Con. Deductions fou £ S P^ % cts. Salary as Deputy Collector, Class B, for year ! 30 00 Salary as iJeputy Collector, Class B, for year 25 04 Salary as Deputy Collector, Class B, for year 19 96 Salary as Deputy Collector, Class B, for year 10 04 Salary as Deputy Collector from October 3, 1903, to .Tune, 30, 1904 ... 14 83 Salaries Contingencies . Victoria. Salary as Collector for year ri Deputy Collector, Class A, for year Salary as 1st Class Exciseman for year. Deputy Collector, Class B.. . Salaries Contingencies. 428 67 19 96 » 3 $ cts. 32 46 33 18 42 12 20 40 33 06 19 96 128 82 S cts. 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 2 68 52 60 Amounts paid. $ cts. 566 40 471 36 376 44 186 36 280 30 S 60 2 8S 2 88 3 60 9,687 32 3,503 98 7 20 ( 1,619 58 1,159 26 1,001 64 910 26 376 44 20 16 5,067 18 711 14 Total amounts paid. $ cts. 13,191 30' 5,778 32 128 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Appendix B.— Mo. 1.— Details of Excise Expenditures, 1903-I90i.— Continued. Service. Deductions for Amounts paid. ! To whom paid. .1^ 1 ^1 Total amounts paid. 1 ^ M w District Inspectors. S cts S cts S cts S cts. S cts. Ontario. Dingman, X. .J . . . Salary for year 44 00 1 9 00 2,147 00 583 50 Contingencies Salary for year 49 92 9 00 2,730 50 Stratton, W. C . . . 2,441 04 435 83 Contingencies Salary for year 9 00 2,876 87 Kenning, .T. H . . . . 2,391 00 493 34 Contingencies . .^ 2,884 34 Quebec. Lawlor, H Salary for year 46 60 9 00 2,275 53 545 13 Contingencies Salary for year Contingencies 125 00 9 00 2,820 66 Rinfret, C. I 2,366 00 244 59 2,610 59 N':w Brvnsv:ick. Burke, T Salary for year 50 00 9 00 2,441 00 389 50 Contingencies ... 2,8.30 50 Manitola. Barrett, J. K Salary for j-ear Contingencies 50 00 9 00 2,441 00 1,142 85 3, .583 85 British Cohuahia. Gill, W Salarj' for year 50 00 9 00 2,441 00 474 20 Contingencies 2,915 20 Inspector of Bonded factories. Stratton. W. C . . . Salary for year • . 6 00 294 00 144 58 Contingencies 438 58 Inspector of Breweries and Malt Houses. Barrett, J. K Salary for year Contingencies 6 00 294 00 723 04 1,017 04 Inspc-ior of DiUilleries. Kenning, .T. H . . . . Salary for year 300 00 177 55 Contingencies 1 477 55 Inxpccior of Tobacco Factories. Lawlnr, H Salary from March 0 to June 30, 1904. . 1 86 91 68 3:i 10 Contingencies ' 130 78 1 STATISTICS 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures, 1903-1904. — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. General Continycncies. S ct.s. -S cts. American Bank Xote Co. British American Bank Xote Co Einier & Amend Lyman, Son & Co. Canadian Rubber Co. . . Edwards, W. C. &Co... Thornton & Truman Oertling, L, Rinfret, C. I Gooderham & Worts. . . Cheseldine, J. H Brennan, D. .T Irwin, R Brown, W. J Powell, ,T. B Fraser, P McArthur, G. H Belleperche, A. J. E . . . . McFarland, CD. ... Bailev Co.. G Miller Lock Co Nigretti & Zambra Ottawa ' Citizen ' Co. . . . The ' Danebrog ' The ' Journal ' Ottawa ' Free Press '. . . . Carson, Hugh . . The Pritchard& Andrews Co Whitehead, Mrs. .1 Allen, G. A Gerald, W. H Gerald, Charles ......... Thornl'Urn, .Tas. . Canadian Express Co . . . Canadian Pac. Ry. Co. . . Busby, E. S Lawlor, H Frechette, A Don)inion Express Co. . . Canada Atlantic Ry. . . . Potvin, Napoleon Gouin, Hon. Lomer Chisholm, D. C Davidson, Paterson & (jrant Howay, F. W Millish, H Robitaille & Roj' Winslow, C To pay for stamps and labels supplied 42,000 00 To pay for bottling labels I doz. setts small glass wine stills and packing case Chemical ap[>aratus 10 lbs. rubber tubing at .§2.25 Lumber and cartage Buffing wheels, iron hoops, repairing keys and locks. . . 1.56 padlocks and packing Travelling expenses in connection with civil service examinations, Montreal and Ottawa Alcohol Fare to Toronto attending special class examination. . . . fi for T. Brain attending examination . . Fare to St. John attending examination 11 Windsor and London attending examination . 11 Kingston and Montreal Repairing padlocks Locks and key.s Hydrometers, test glasses, &c. . . Advertisinor • ■ 12 leather ca.ses. Rubber stamps pads, daters and repairs, &c. Cleaning storerooms for year Travelling expenses , . . Provisional allowance for the year Express charges Freight charges Gratuity voted by Parliament Travelling expenses Technical translation . . . . Express charges Freight charges Petty expenses , Total general contingencies . Imw Costs. Law costs in re Rex vs. J. B. Barrette R. R. Gillies John McDonald. . . . Duncan McDonald. Donald McDonald. . Robt. Galium . Louis Blue . Sing and Jim. T. L. Kent . . R. S. Bank . . M. E. Lavoie. (i. (iautreaii . Total for law costs 4,868 50 73 35 2 55 22 50: 34 05, 116 20 154 01 94 40 22 68 2 00 2 00 2 00 6 75 3 90 16 08 6 60 6 60 10 56 3 50 1,210 95 343 41 2 80 3 00 6 5(> 7 00 27 00 232 00 157 00 107 95 113 20 17G 9c 99 96 45 91 8 89 500 00 110 40 100 00 47 85 1 11 2 05 20 00 23 00. 5 00 5 00 71 76 91 80 50 00 79 50! 50,752 76 10 00 53 00 20 00 163 56 129 50 41 .50 196 63 614 19 130 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905- Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures, IQOS-lQOi.^Continued. To whom paid. Place of Service. Amounts paid. Total amount Residence. paid. Coi/imission to Customs Officers. •S cts. •S cts.. Boyd, A Antigonish, N. S Fron 1 July 1, 1902 to June, .SO, 1903 146 40 McDonald, F. J . . . . New Glasgow, N.S. . IP M . . . 19G 40 McPherson, -J North Sydney, N.S. „ „ 146 40 Ferguson, D Chatham, N. B It II . . . 196 40 Street, A. F Frederictcm, N. B . . . II 11 . . 246 40 Binnev, J. W Moncton, N.B. . . . „ ,, 246 40 Park, W. A Newcastle, N.B „ „ 146 40 Anderson, J. J Sackville, N.B 11 11 . . 127 85 Kirk, .1. T Sussex, N. B.- 125 96 Pound, J. T Morden, Man II 11 196 40 Gilhuly, R. H. ... Selkirk, Man 11 11 146 40 Nadeau, M Clair, N. B 46 10 Clark, A. .J Campobello, N.B. . . . 11 11 27 19 Marsh, R. J. F Fort Francis, Man . . 11 11 44 23 Lownsborough, W . . Lindsay, Ont 11 11 34 72 Brodeur, S. H Valleyfield, C^ue 11 11 246 40 McKenzie, W North Bay, Ont 11 11 . . . 196 40 Britton, W. H .... (iananoque, Ont . . . 11 1904 342 80 Gilpin, R. R Grand Forks, B.C.. 1, 1903 146 40 Dawson, D Petrolia Ont II Dec 31 1903 294 88 Stanley, T. D St. Marv's, Ont June 30, 1904. . . . 174 27 Tennant, J. F Gretna, Man.. . . Jan. 31, 1904 260 92 Keay, W. S Fernie B C ,, Oct 2 1903 307 98 Kavanagh, A. J ... . Gaspe, Que July, 1903, to June 30, 1904 120 91 Alli.son, J. B Napanee, Ont 246 85 Cauchon, Alf Lake Megantic, Qiie. 11 11 . . . 146 40 Beauchesne, P . C . . . Paspebiac, Que ,, ,, 1 77 Ross, W. T Picton, Ont M Nov. 30, 1903.!!!! 87 93 81 83 McGuire, T. J Trenton, Ont.. .... Kenny, J Lethbridge, N.W.T. Oct. 31, 1903 65 47 Dalv, J. A Campbellford, Ont.. Oct. 7, 1903, to J'une 30, 1904 119 74 Fraser, R Trenton, Ont Dec. 1, 1903, to June 30, 1904 114 57 Small, E. B Mai'ch 1 1903 to .June 30 1903 65 47 Blair, H. C Truro, N.S Adv ince on account of Ex. Com 50 00 Busby, E. S Dawson, Y. T Fror 1 Sept. 2.5, 1902 to June 30, 1903. . . . 197 30 15rodeur, S. H Valleyfield, Que Gua ^antee 12 mos.paid up to June. 30,190.' 3 60 Pound, .J. T Morden, Man 12 1, 1, 1903 3 60 Gilhuly, R. H Selkirk, Man 12 11 ,1 1903 3 60 Marsh, R. J. F Fort Francis, Man . . 12 11 ,1 1903 3 ()0 Stanley, T. D. ... St. Mary's, Ont 24 11 1. 1904 7 20 Lownsborough, W.. Lindsay, Ont 24 ,1 11 1904 7 20 Boyd, A Antigonish, N.S 12 ,1 11 1903 3 60 McDonald, J. F.... New Gla.sgow, N.S. . 12 11 11 1903 : 3 60 Cauchon, A Lake Megantic, C^ue. 12 „ 11 1904 3 60 Douglass, D Banff, N.W.T . . . 12 ,1 ,1 1903 3 60 McPherson, J. . . . North Sydney, N.S. 12 ., 11 1903 3 60 Clark, A. .J Campobello, N.B. . . 12 „ 1, 1903 3 60 P^erguson, D Chatham, N, B 12 11 11 1903 3 60 Nadeau, M Claii, N.B 12 ,1 ,1 1903 3 60 Street, A. F Fredericton, N.B 12 ,1 11 1903 3 60 Binnev, J. W Moncton, N.B ... 12 ,1 11 1903 3 60 Park, W. A Newcastle, N. B 12 11 1, 1903 3 60 Anderson, J. J. . . . Sackville, N. B .... 12 ,1 „ 1903 3 60 Kirk, .L T Sussex, N.B 12 11 ,1 1903 3 60 Gilpin, R. R (Jrand Forks, B.C. . . 12 11 ,1 1903 3 60 Campbell, G Movie City, B.C.... 12 ,1 11 1903 3 60 Stevenson, J. K Moosejaw, N.W.T.. 12 11 11 1903 3 60 Veniot, P. J Bathurst, N.B 12 .1 ,1 1903 3 60 Tennant, J. F (iretna, Man 19 11 Jan. 31, 1904 5 70 Busby. K. S Dawson, Y.T 9 11 June 30, 1903 2 70 Keav. W. S Kernie, B.C 15 11 Oct. 2, 1903 4 52 Dawson, D Petrolia, Ont i 18 .1 Dec. 2, 190i 5 11 McKenzie. W North Bay, Ont. ... 13 ,1 July 31, 1903 3 90 STATISTICS 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — Xo. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures, 1903-1904. — Continued^ To whom paid. Britton, W. H McDermott, A Small, E. H . Kenny, J Conway, T. A Valleau, A. S. Ross, W. T. . . McGuire, T. J Anderson, T. E Joncas, P. L Daly, J. A. . Beauchesne, P. C Kavanagh, A. J Allison, .T. B. . . . Eraser, R Toiipin, J. A.. Forest, J. O. F Lapierre, J.. . Grignon, A. . . Labelle, Louis Place of Residence. Gananoque, Ont .... Cranbrook, B.C Lethbridge, N.W.'f! Lady smith, B.C .... Deseronto, Ont Picton, Ont Trenton, Ont Napanee, Ont ^Magdalen Islands, Q. CJampbellford, Ont.. Paspebiac, <^ue Gaspe, Que Napanee, Ont Trenton, Ont Service. Commission to Customs Officers — Con. Amounts paid. Montreal, Que L'Epiphanie.. . St. Alexis .... St. Eustache. . .Toilette Guarantee 24 mos. paid up to July 31, S .- Feb. 28, 5 .- June 30, 13 u Oct. 31, 4 M June 30, 1 ,. July 31, 12 ., June 30, 5 H Nov. 30, 1 M July 31, 0 „ Nov. 30, from Oct. 7, 1903, to June 30, 12 mos. to June 30, 1904. 12 lU 11' 1904 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1904 1903 1903 1903 1904 Total Commission to Customs Officeis. Less refund Commission on Tobacco Stamps. Allowance, 5 p. c on sale of stamps. S cts. 7 20 2 40 1 50 3 90 1 20 30 3 60 1 50 30 1 50 2 64 3 60 3 60 3 15 2 10 5,492 36 8 70 Total amount paid. .? cts. 5,483 66 1 74 54 00 19 75 2 18 3 00 Total 80 67 J2 — 9 132 INLAND BEVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Appendix B.— No. 1.— Details of Excise Expenditures, 1903-1904:.— Conti7iued. To whom paid. Jamieson, K. C Hurst, L. B Howard, W. W. S. . O'Leary. T. J • Doyle, B. J -l ones. H Graham, W. T Dick, Walter Boiiteiller, G. A Gow, J . E Brennan, J. . . . . . . . Thomas, R Bayard, G. A Marcon, F. E Falconer, J. E . . . . . Cahill, J. W Chilvers, F. W Keogh, P. M , Howie, Alex Bish, Philip Kilroy, E. F Woodward, G. W Dawson, W Gerald, W. H Macdonald, A. B . Keeler, G. S Standish, J. G McCoy, W McFee, A. C Baby, W. A. D Brennan, W. J Irwin, Robt "Cameron, D. M Mason, F Goodman, A. W . . . Taylor, G. W... . Moreau, Aug. Ralston, Tim Olivier, H Blais. J. C. F Walsh, p. J 3Desaulniers, .7. E. A Millier, E Scullion, W. J Mulrooney, G Coleman, .J.J. Quinn, J. D Murray, D Malo, T Weyms, C TraVersy, F. X .... Johnson, J. J Bernard, N. J. D. . . McArthur, G . Beneteau, S Bousquet, .1. O Waller, John Johnston, G. E Berry, H. L Gauvin, E Bernier, J. A Service. Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. Butii-paij. From July 1, 1903, to June 30, 1904 S cts. 200 00 150 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 200 00 200 00 i 150 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 DO 150 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 150 00 ]50 00 100 00 100 00 150 00 100 00 100 00 1.50 00 100 00 200 00 100 00 100 00 150 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 200 00 150 00 100 00 75 00 150 00 150 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 25 00 25 00 23 G4 100 00 33 33 137 50 1 12 23 j 64 13 S cts. n ',', ".'.:."..'.'.'.'..:..: " » ".'..'..".'.'.'.'.".'..'. ,, Jl M ',', '::.".'.'....'.:.'. H !! ■::::.";■'.:.::;:. " IT " !! ::;;:.■;:.■::;:::: 11 11 II II to Sept. 30, 1903 to Sept. 25, 1C05 .................. to Dec. 31, 1903 11 to Oct. 31, 1903 From Aug. 1, 190.3, to June .30, 1904 .1 Sept 2fi, to Xov. 9, 1903 .1 Nov. 10, 1903, to June .30, 1904 STATISTICS 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — ^No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures, 1903-1904. — Concluded. To wlioin paid. Adam, A. R Whelan. T. E.... McPherson, E. A Hicks, W. H ... Young, R. E Allen, (t. A Service. Amounts paid. Dutii-pay. From Jan. 1, to June 30, 1904 II Jan. 9, II „ Jan. 9, II „ Mar. 17, to April 11, 1904 II Jan. 1, to Mar. IG, 1904, and from April 12, to June 30, 1004 .1 July 1, to Aug. 24, 1903, at -Sl.oO per annum, —S22.17, and from Aug. 25, 1903, to June 30, 1904, at SlOO per annum, =S85. 21 Total duty-pay. Grand total Ai )D — Printing Stationery Lithographing and engraving, &c. Authorized disbursements (less superannuation, insur- ance, retirement and guarantee) Add— Balances due to Collectors, July 1, 1903. . . by ,1 June 30, 1904 . Less— Balances due bv Collectors, July 1, 1903 . . to II June 30, 1904. Actual disbursements agreeing with Statement No. 4, page 12 S cts. 50 00 50 00 47 58 14 28 85 72 107 38 6,600 86 1,671 23 1,096 75 343 98 ,49 08 343 98 49 08 Total amounts paid. .? cts 7,200 79 440,118 72. 9,368 84 449,487 56 393 06 449,880 62 39.'^ 06 449,487 56 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 12—91 134 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B— Continued. Xo. 2. — Distribution of Seizures for the Year ended June 30, 1904. Divisions. Belleville Brantford . . . Kingston. •. . . . Ottawa St. Catharines Toronto Montreal . Quebec St. John. Mahoney, H. . . . Falconer, R. H. Dager, H. J . . . . Bousquet, J. O. Xorniandin, G. Service. Amounts paid. Ontario. For his share of seizvire. No. 9. To pay informer penalty in seizure, Xo. 9. M 46. 8 cts. 33 95 37 50 For his share of seizure, No. 87 . To pay informer penalty in seizure, No. 87. For his share of seizure, No . 205 To pay informer penalty in seizure, Xo . 205 . ,, „ - „ „ 32. For his share of seizure, Xo. 381 „ 392 22 00 25 00 389 390. 391. 392. 393. 394 395 396. 397. 398 To pay informer penalty in seizure, X'o. 381. ■> ■ M 392. M 396. „ 397. „ 399. „ 400. Genl. Xo. 4,779. Kamcy, D. J McDonnell, M. .T. . . Crevier, .T. H . . Brabant, J. B. G. X Comte, J LaRue, G For his share of seizure, Xo. 389 Genl. Xo. 4,779. 392. 398. 393. 394. 395. 397. Quebec. For his share of .seizure, Xo 1,079 1,079. 1,082. 1,081. 1,081. 1,082 1,083. 1,033. Belyea, T. H. To pay informer penalty in seizure, X^o. 547 . iVcw Brunswick. To pay ioformer penalty in seizure, Xo. 109. „ 110. I .. M M 111. 12 50 8 33 12 50 25 00 25 00 8 33 10 00 12 50 12 50 25 00 12 50 5 00 12 50 25 00 25 00 25 00 12 .50 12 50 12 .50 12 50 12 50 8 34 5 00 10 00 12 50 12 50 12 50 2 87 56 07 125 00 125 00 75 00 Totals. S cts. 71 45 25 00 47 00 23 .50 25 00 50 00 20 83 148 33 125 00 25 00 13 34 47 50 2 88 58 94 2 50 2 50 56 08 26 80 26 80 5 00 STATISTICS 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 2. — Distribution of Seizures foi- the Year ended June 30, 1904. Divisions. To whom paid. St. John. Belvea. T. H. Bonness, .J. D Carpenter, .T. A. 1 [Taylor, H I I Halifax lorant, H. H. . . Pictou . ITompkins, P.... IBlethens, C. W. Fraser, P Murray, D. Service. Amounts paid. Totals. iVew J57-Mns?«?cA;— Concluded. To pay informer penalty in seizure, No. 112. ,; „ n 113. „ 117. For his share of seizure, Xo. 10.5. lOf). 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 106. 109. 110. 108. .")0 00 114 50 15 00 25 00 25 00 50 00 25 00 31 25 31 25 37 50 25 00 25 00 31 25 31 25 Nova Scotia. For his share of seizure. No. 185 To pa J' informer penalty of seizure. No. 188. For his share of seizure. No. 188 n 188 M- 104 To pay informer penalty in seizure, No. 106. ,; „ ., 107. ^2 60 150 00 17 84 50 00 50 00 Vancouver . Miller, .J. E . . Parkinson. E. B For his share of seizure, No . 97 . n 104. M 106. „ 107. British Columbia. For his .share of seizure No. 30 To pay informer i)enalty in .seizure No. 31. . . For his share of seizure No. 20 Total for distribution of seizures. . . . 90 86 17 84 38 01 44 79 66 76 100 00 •S cts. 504 50 250 00 87 50 25 00 242 60 71 72 71 73 117 84 191 50 166 76 13 31 2,545 91 Ontario . . . . <^uebec New Brunswick . . Nova Scotia British Columbia RECAPITULATION. 621 95 181 50 867 00 6J!5 39 180 07 2,545 91 Inland Pvevenue Department, Ottawa, Augu.st 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 136 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B~Co7itinued. No. 3. — Details of Sundry Minor Expenditures for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1904. Minor Expenditures. American Bank, Note Co. I For printing law stamps Hull City ' Advance ' . . . . Advertising Quyon Jerry. Dominion Express Co. " ' Macfarlane, Thomas . . McGill, A ... Wright, S. E •. . Leveqiie, H Ladouceur, Louis .... Kidd, Thomas Costigan, J. J Ferguson, J.*C Waugh, R, J Conklin, W. M Fletcher R.W Parkin-son, E. B Rouleau, J. C Moore, T Express charges to Dawson Total, agreeing with Statement No. 12, page 21. Macfarlane, T Kidd, Thomas. . . . Costigan, J. J . . . Ferguson, J. C Waugh, R. J Conklin, W. M Fletcher, R. W.... Parkinson, E. B . . Rouleau," J. C Moore, T Fiset, M. . . . Ellis, W. H. Adultek.vtiox of Food. Salary as Chief Analyst for the year. . II 1st Assistant Analyst foi the year.. . II Clerk in laboratory for the year II Messenger in laboratory from July 1, 1903, to March 31. i'.)04 II Messenger in laboratory from April 15, to .June 30, 1904 II Food Inspector for the year S cts. 60 00 43 96 7 00 4 00 114 96 Contingencies. Travelling and contingent expenses in connection with laboratory Rent of laboratory Travelling expenses and purchases of samples Allowance under Act for retaining fees , ,1 II material used in analysis Fees for analysi.s retaining fees rent.. . . material used in analysis . Donald, J. T Allowance under Act for retaining fees II II rent II II material used in analysis. Fees for analysis Amounts paid. ! Totals. S cts. 10 51 7 35 15 55 2,940 00 2,156 04 COO 00 419 94 147 77 500 00 343 00 196 00 300 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 210 00 100 00 2,428 62 400 00 341 2i 538 94 250 37 151 59 192 78 148 07 133 55 364 02 57 37 200 00 100 00 200 00 100 00 100 00 400 00 200 00 100 00 100 00 426 00 % cts. 33 41 8,502 75 5,006 52 300 00 800 00 826 00 STATISTICS 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 3. — Details of Sundry Minor Expenditures, IdO'^-lQOi—Condnded. To whom paid. Bowman, M . Adulteration of Food— Conclvdcd. Conlingcncies— Concluded. Allowance under Act for retaining fees II It rent II II material used in analysis Feos for analysis Kenriek, E. B. Allowance under Act for retaining fees 11 II rent II ,1 material used in analysis. Fees for analysis Fagan, J. C. Allowance under Act for retaining fees ,1 If rent • II 11 material used in analysis. Fees for analysis Valade, F. X Harrison, F. T Eimer & Aniend Lyman Sons & Go Gooderham & Wc)rts .... The Chemist and Sur- geons Supply Co Ahearn-Soper, Ltd Gird wood, Dr. G. P..... Bausch & Lamb Optical Co Choquette, Rev. C. P... . Harris, Campbell & Boy- den Furniture Co Harrison, F. T. , estate of. Giroux, H Lemoine, Alp Valin, J. A Allowance under Act for retaining fees. 11 II rent ... ,1 II material used in analysis. Allowance under Act for retaining fees. , II II material used in analysis. Fees for analysis Chemicals and aj^paratus for laboratory . Alcohol for laboratory Apparatus for laboratory One motor and instalment of same Attending analysts examinations, Montreal. . Repairs to appai'atus .... Attending analysts examinations, Montreal Furniture and boxes Apparatus for laboratory Maple sugar and syrup Services in laboratory during the year. Total adulteration of food expenditures. Add — Printing Stationery . . . Lithographing. Amounts paid. . 200 100 100 124 200 00 100 00 100 00 50 00 25 00 72 00 58 25H 02 78 142 20 11 38!) 600 500 22 69 54 74 46 00 73 50 40 14 45 00 00 Totals. 789 44 82 01 15 00 Grand total, agreeing with Statement No. 8, page 17' 793 00 540 00 524 00 400 m 147 00 2,153 87 19,993 14 ' 886 45 20,870 59 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 138 IXLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. -i. — Details of Departmental Expenditures for the Year ended June 30, 1904. Xauies. Rank. .Salaries. Period. Bernier, Hon. M. E. [Minister. Brodeur, Hon. L. P. ; i. Gerald, W. .T Deputy Minister Hinisworth, Wm. . . . Chief Clerk, Secretary Campeau, F. R. E. . . Chief Clerk, Accountant.. . . Valin, J. E ! Assistant Accountant . . . Carter, Wm ! Assistant Secretary Shaw, .J. F Chief Statistical Clerk, Ac countant's Branch Doyon, J. A WeightsandMeasuresCleik. Accountant's Branch Westmun, Fhos iStatistieal Clerk, Account ant's Branch Quain, R [Accountant's Branch Clerk, Fowler, 6 Clerk of Supplies, Secre tary's Branch Xewby, F. iSecretary's Branch Clerk. . Dunne, Jno. P . . . Accountant's Branch Clerk Burns, J Weightsand Measures Clerk, Accountant's Branch. . Hudon, L. E. ... Statistical Clerk, Account ant's Branch Hughes, P. A I Accountant's Branch Clerk McCullough, A [Secretary's Branch Clerk. . Halliday, Wm. A. . . i Accountant's Branch Clerk .Bouchette, R. E. ... j Weightsand MeasuresClerk Accountant's Branch . . . •July 1, '03, to Jan. 18, '04. Jan.l9,'04,to June 30, '04 For the year Roy, L. G.._.. Gameau, Hector, Garneau, Hector. Chevrier, B Lawless, E. M. . . Hagerty, B Charbonneau, E. . Brodeur, P. E. S Chateau vert, G. E. . . Doyle, E. F Watson, V. M ■Goodhue, M. L. E.B. Accountant's Branch Clerk Second Class Clerk Chief Private Secretary . . .Junior Second Class Clerk Secretary's Branch Clerk.. Statistical Clerk, Account ant's Branch 'Trumjxjur, G Bourgault, Alphonse Wiallard, R. A Potvin, Nap Yetts, R. P Accountant's Branch Clerk Secretary's Branch Clerk. . Third Class Clerk Weights and Measures Clerk Accountants Branch ..... Third Cla,ss Clerk Private Secretary Assistant Private Secretary Messenger Deductions for S cts. July 1, "03, to Dec. 11, '03 For the year Apl.ll,'u4,to J une 30, '04 For the year Dec. 18, '03, to June 30, '04 Dec.l2,'03.to June 30, '04 Dec.l9,'03,to June 30. '04 Jan . 1, "04, to June 30, '04 July 1, "03, to Jan. 18, '04 Jan.l9,"04,to June 30, '04 For the year 48 50 36 50 36 50 35 00 33 00 32 00 45 00 30 00 28 50 28 50 28 50 43 75 42 00 24 00 42 00 18 75 36 16 21 00 15 30 S cts. S cts. Amounts paid. Totals. 61 13 33 38 43 37 64 37 64 37 64 21 48 19 38 13 84 13 84 13 38 12 50 92 54 48 024 96 259 10ill6 40 $ cts. 3,838 69 3,161 81 3,750 48 2,425 00 2,376 .50 1,788 50 1,788 50 1,715 00 1,617 00 1,568 OOl 1,393 081 1,470 00 1,396 50 1,396 50 1,396 50 1,206 25 1,158 00 1,176 00 1,158 00 I .516 75 997 12 253 33 44 43 730 32; 715 50 715 50 715 50 408 58 368 25 2(i3 04 263 04 254 10 237 50 329 03 180 63 579 00| 440 22 43,791 65 STATISTICS 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 xVPPENDIX B— Continued. No. 4. — Details of Depai'tmental Expenditures, 1903-1904 — Contimipjl. Names. Doyle, Miss E, F Watson, Miss A Robert, A Bourgeois, E Potvin, Xapoleoii ■Controller of Stationery. Service. Amounts paid. Kings' Printer C. P. Railway Co.'s Telegraph (t. X. W. Telegraph Co The Bell Telephone Postmaster Gerald, W. J Graves Bros . . Watson, V. M Bryson & Graliani Brodeiu-, Hon. L. P " Wiallard, R. A Gaineau, Hector Lacas, Emile The Ottawa Electric Railway Storr, A. M Maveity, Mrs. S Canadian Express Co Dominion Express Co Latremouille, C Payment, Thomas Sproule, \V. H Dupont, .T. C Skinner & Co La Cie de Pul'lication du Canada Daily World, Vancouver, B. C Telegraph Publishing Co., St. .John. . . Herald Publishing Co., Montreal TriVmne Publishing Co., Winnipeg. . . . La Presse, M(jntreal Bullethi des Recherches Hist., Levis . . Mnnn & Co., New York. ... The Gazette, Montreal Daily Witness, Montreal Mail and Empire, Toronto Le Temps, Ottawa L'Union des Cantons de TEst, Sher- brooke L'Union Ouvriere, Monti-eal Can. Mining Review, Ottawa The News, Toronto Toronto Saturday Night Can. Manufacturer, Toronto The The Banner News, Chatham Ottawa Free Press La Patrie, Montreal La Nation, St. -Jerome Acadian Recorder, Halifax Toronto Daily Star, Toronto Evening Journal, Ottawa Catholic Register, Toronto Montreal Daily Star, Montreal Acadiensis, St. John Daily Telegraph, (Quebec . . The Citizen, Ottawa . Canadian Gazette, London, Eng Jones, Yarrell & Poulter, London, Eng The Times, Hamilton. Telephone messages Postage I Travelling expenses Padlocks Extra clerk from Aug. 24 to Dec. 11, 1903 Towels, &c. , &c ' Travelling exjiensps ^ Continf/encies. Extra clerk from July 1 to Dec. 11, 190.3' July 1 to Oct. 1, 1903...! Extra messenger for year Sundry petty expenses . . . Stationery Parliamentary publications Printi::g Teleg^raph account Photograph Tickets Cartage Washing towels . Freight Matches, combs, brushes, tumblers, &c. Soap, &c Repairing clocks Matches Brushes, &c ... Subscription •S cts. 192 02 119 48 44() 93 402 40 5 25 2,861 33 1 00 1,001 77 152 OG 133 86 20 30 34 35 135 85 12 .50 107 77 15 43 182 81 100 95 12 00 8 00 30 00 88 00 55 00 9 15 3 60 19 85 20 65 6 50 2 00 2 75 10 50 5 00 5 00 12 00 2 00 6 00 2 00 7 00 ]2 00 6 00 4 00 3 00 6 CO 0 4] 6 00 1 00 4 00 1 00 4 00 9 95 9 00 2 00 5 00 1 00 6 60 1 00 3 00 1 50 6 00 16 50 4 38 16 32 3 00 Totals .*; cts. 140 lyLAXD REVEXVE8 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 -APPENDIX B— Continued. No. i. — Details of Departmental Expenditures, 1903-1904 — Concluded. Names. Service. Contiwjencics — Con. Le Pionnier Canadien, Hull Le Progres de Valleytield, Valleyfield Manitoba Free Press, Winnipeg. ... Intelligencer, Belleville The Toronto World, Toronto North Bay Times, North Bay . The Journal, St. Catharines LT'nion, St. Hyacinthe ... The Chronicle, Montreal Daily World, Toronto L'Evangeline, Weymouth The Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan. . . . Progres, Windsor Chronicle Publishing Co., Halifax. . . Le Soleil, Quebec Daily Telegraph, St. John The Nation, New York Le Bulletin, Montreal Le Petit Canadien, Quebec The Confederate, Mount Forest The Farmer's Advocate, London . . . . The Shareholder, Montreal Subscription. Total departmental contingencies. Amoinits paid. Authorized disbursements (less superan nuation, retirement and insurance Aui>— Balance due June 30, 1904. Less — Balance due July 1, 1903. Actual disbursements, agreeing with State ment No. 17, page 48 .•< cts. 1 00 1 00 4 00 3 00 5 00 1 00 12 00 4 00 1 50 5 00 1 00 1 50 4 .50: (i 00! (5 00 i 5 OOi 3 00 1 1 00 0 50' 1 00 1 50 4 00 Totals. 6,438 S2 50,229 87 16 66 .50,246 5» 16 66. 50,229 87 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W J. GERALD, Deputij Minister, STATISTICS 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 5. — Details of Weights and Measures Expenditures for the Year ended June 30, 1904. Service. Deductions for Amounts iniid. To whom paid. 2i 1 Total amounts paid. Johnson, W Slattery, T Irwin, S Behan, J. J . . . . mUerilU: Salary as Inspector for year It Assistant Inspector for year. . II Assistant Inspector from July 1 to Aug. 0, 1903. •s cts. •S cts. 24 00 13 96 13 96 •S cts. 3 60 1 80 1 80 0J17 1 80 •S cts. 1,172 40 684 24 684 24 57 89 248 16 S cts. EriPtt, R. W. Salaries Contingencies Hamilton. Salary as Inspector for year II Assistant Inspector for year . . 51 92 "'"le'oi 16 04 ....... 9 17 3 60 1 80 1 SO 1 SO 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 2,846 93 2,748 36 5, .595 2<> Freed, A. T McDonald, J Marentette, A . . . . Fitzgerald, E. W.. Wheatley, A. E... Laidinan, R. H. . . 1,596 36 782 16 782 16 748 20 798 12 698 16 648 12 598 20 Robins, S. W.... Salaries , Contingencies Ottawa. Salary as Inspector for year II Assistant Inspector for year. . 11 Assistant Inspector from July 1 to Oct. 1, 1903 (insurance). 11 Assistant Inspector for year. . II Assistant Inspector from March 1 to Jtme 30, 1904. . . 10 44 32 08 "is' 96 . 16 20 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 0 45 1 80 0 60 6.651 48 1,375 08 8,026 56 Macdonald, J. A. . 1,396 32 698 16 684 24 698 16 139 11 498 12 166 04 McFarlane, J Winsor, .J Elliott, T. H . . . Findlay, R ricott, Jos Salaries 10 44 13 96 11 85 4,280 15 1,991 08 Toronto. Salary as Inspector for year II Assistant Inspector for year. . , 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 6,271 23 Kelly, D 1,296 36 798 12 782 16 698 16 698 16 ]Milligan. R. J . . . . Wright, R. J. Smith, J. C Murdoch, J .. "ie 04 Salaries . . Contingencies Windsor. Salary as Inspector for vear Havward, W. J. . . 16 04 28 04 10 80 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 4,272 96 1,861 88 1,368 3() 798 12 798 12 798 12 6,134 84 Coughlin, D Thomas, J. S Hughes, R. A . . 11 Assistant Inspector for year. . Salaries ::::: 2« 04 9 00 3,762 72 l,s53 76 Contingencies 5,610 4S 142 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 5. — Details of Weights and Measures Expenditui-es for the Year ended June 30, 1 904 — -Continued. To wliom Paid. Chalus, J. 0 . . . Daoust, J. A . . . Gervais, S Hebert, J. A. P Boudet, £ Collins, D Baker. J. S. .. Dessert. V Guay, G. N .... LeBel, .T. A. W. . . Kelly, M. J Guay, A Prefontaine, F. H, Knowles, C Petit, .LB Bourget, L iloreau, A Morin, J. P . . . . Tomliiisoii, W. M. Fournier, L. A . . . . Beaiilac, J. H Gravel. A. I . , Bolduc, E . . . Barry, J as Cowan. Y,. . . . Richard. D... Service. Montreal. Salary as Inspector for year i> Assistant Inspector for year. . II Assistant Inspector from Julv 1,1903, to M»y 1, 1904,...'. M Assistant Inspector for year. Deduction's for f cts. % cts. 31 96 16 04! 13 30 Amounts paid. Salaries Contingencies Quebec. Salary as Inspector, from .July 1, l-i03. to June 1, 1U04 . . ' , M Assistant Inspector for year.. II I. II (Insurance^ Caretaker for year. Salaries Contingencies St. Huacinthe. Salarj' as Inspector for year II As.sistant Inspector for year. Salaries Contingencies Three Mirer.'!. Salary as Inspector for year II » Assistant Inspector for year. Salaries Contingencies Bernier. .J. A . . Le Blanc. F. X . St. John, N.B. Salary as Inspector for year Assistant Inspector for year.. n II II from July 1, to .Sept. 1, 1903 II Assistant Inspector for year.. II II II from Oct. K;, 1903, to June 30, 1904. . Salaries Contingrencies 61 30 $ cts. 3 60, 1 sol 1 .50 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 15 90 38 28: 38 60j 23 96 12 00, 38 28 3 30 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 6 00 80 56 15 90 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 9 00 3 60 1 80 5 40 13 96 2 00 15 96 3 60 1 80 0 30 1 80 1 28 8 78 $ cts. 1,564 44 782 16 651 80 798 12 798 12 798 12 698 16 698 16 6,789 08 1,738 60 1,096 70 1,059 60 735 96 698 16 618 12 698 16 oSfi 20 498 12 294 00 6,315 02 1,789 52 846 36 698 16 698 16 598 20 2,840 88 1,828 77 996 36 548 16 1,544 52 701 37 1,196 40 684 24 97 70 598 20 353 50 2,930 04 565 00 Total amounts paid. S cts. 8,527 68 8,104 54 4,669 65 2,245 89 3,495 04 STATISTICS 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPE^ DIX B~-Co7itinued. No. o. — Details of Weisjhts and Measures Expenditures for the Year ended June 30, 1904 — Continued. I Deductions for. To whom paid. Service. j Cape Breton. Laurence, Gr. C. . . Salary as Inspector for year Contingencies Frame, A. . . Waugh, R. J. Halifax. Salary as Inspector for year II Assistant Inspector for yeai". Salaries Contingencies Dustan, W. M... Chisholm, W. W, Pictou. Salary as Inspector for yea" M Assistant Insvtector for year. $ cts. Daw. E . . Hughes, H. Salaries Contingencies Charlottcioion. Salary as Inspector for year M Assistant Inspector for year. Salar Contingencies Magness, R McDonald, A. W . Mager, J. CJ Girdlestone,R.J.M Ross, H. E McKay, R Gilbv, W. F Saucier, X Costello, J. W . . . Winnipeg. Salary as Inspector for year Asst. Inspector for j^ear . H from Sept. 7 to.Jv.ne 30, 1904 Asst. Inspector from .Tan. 1 to .June 30, 1904 Salaries Contingencies Calgary. Salary as Inspector for year 11 Asst. Inspector for year. Salaries .... . . Contingencies Findlej% H Parker, Thos McAloney, .J. A. Fyfe, .Jas Victoria. Salary as Inspector for year M Asst. Inspector for year. Salaries Contingencies General. ! Salary as Chief Inspector for year. I Contingencies C.2 S ots. 19 96 19 96 cts. 3 60 a 60 1 80 Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. cts. 846 40 464 78 996 36 .598 20 5 40 1,594 56 1,736 30 3 60 1 80 976 44 648 12 5 40 1,624 56 ! 222 21 S cts. 1.311 18 3,330 86 1,846 77 3 60 1 80 5 40 946 321 598 201 4 04 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 50 0 90 1.544 52 234 15 1,778 07 1,396 32 698 16 698 16 194 16 98. 16 570 13 249 06 4 04 13 20 3,904 15 2,096 32 15 00 15 00 3 60 1 80 5 40 3 60 1 80 1 80 196 32 733 20 929 52 323 30 796 32 698 16 348 12 7 20 ' 1,842 00 ' 1,787 81 6,000 47 1,2.52 82 2, .500 00 646 15 3,630 41 3,140 15 141 IXLAXD REVEXUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPEXDIX B—Co7iHniiecl. Xo. 5. — Details of Weiiihts and Measures Expenditures for the Year ended June 30, lQ0i.—Co7idHded. To whom paid. Service. American Bank Note Co. Doyon, J. A Burgess, Thos Thornton & Truman . . . Graves Bros Pritchard & Andrews Co. The Oertling, L Workman, A. & Co Taschereau, C. E Avery, W. & T Taylor, S Dominion Express Co. . . Canadian Express Co. . . Canadian Pacific Ry. Co. Potvin, N General Contingencies. Printing stamps Travelling expenses Salary as mechanical assistant for the year. Repairing automatic weighing machine. . . . Glasses, screws, locks, nails, &c Steel stamps, punches, &c , . For 20 sets brass weights, verification, packing. &c. Machine screw taps, dies, screw-plates, &e Preparing lease, Quebec W. & M. Office Balance of account of metric weights and measuies. Cartage Express charges Freight Petty expenses . Total general contingencies. METRIC ST.STEM EXPEXDITURES. Ulmann, Emile Balance of account on 200 metric sets and charts.. . . Edwards, W. C. & Co. . . Lumber and cartage McLennan, Prof. J. C. . Expenses incurred in connection of a lecture before the Committee of Agriculture at Otta.va Graves, Bros 300 lights glasses and hardware Canadian Express Co. . . | Express charges Dominion Express Co . . . m i. Canadian Pacific Ry. Co . Freight charges . Amounts paid. Total amounts. S cts. 200 00! 30 00 831 12; 6 35I 36 09| 259 10!. 368 08: 26 98 4 00| 83 08, 1 50| 13 70 20 591 7 471 45' Total . Grand total Add— Printing. . Stationery Actual disbursements (less superannuation, insurance, retirement and guarantee) • Add— Old balances due by Inspectors June 30, 1904 Less — Old balances due by Inspectors July 1, 1903. Actual disbursements, agreeing with .statement No. 20 A, page 54 167 67 42 13 25 00 36 84 91 45 51 94 10 30 746 97 178 30 § cts. 1,888 51 425 33 83,298 37 925 27 84,223 64 193 26 84,416 90 193 26 84,223 64 IXLAND PvEVEXUE DEPARTMENT, Ottawa, August 19, 1904, W. J. GERALD, DepiUi/ Minister. STATISTICS 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 6. — Details of Gas Inspection Expenditures, for the Year ended June 30, 1904. Service. Dedcctions FOR Amounts paid. To whom i)aid. 1 C.I Total amounts paid. ^ ' r s C5 Barrie. § cts. S cts. ! S cts. Si cts. S cts. Shanacy, M Salary as Inspector for year Contingencies 2 00 3 60 94 40 0 80 95 20 Bdhville. Johnson, W Stnart, W. E.. Salary as Inspector for year 7 04 3 60 2 88 339 36 97 08 Salaries 7 04 6 48 436 44 Contingencies 404 80 841 24 Berlin. Broadfoot, S . . . Salary as Inspe3tor for year . . Contingencies 3 60 96 40 57 16 153 56 Brockxille. Johnston, C. W.. Contingencies 135 41 Cohoarj. Bickle, J. W Salary as Inspector for year Contingencies 2 00 3 60 94 40 61 06 155 46 CoriumU. Mnlhern, M. M . . . Salary as Ins; ector for year 2 00 3 60 94 40 30 00 124 40 Giuiph. Broadfoot, S Salary as Inspector for year Contingencies 4 00 3 60 192 40 20 25 212 65 Hamilton. McPhie, D McPhie, W H Salary as Inspector for year ti Assistant Inspector for year 36 00 3 60 1 80 1 80 1,760 40 598 20 98 16 Dennis, W. A. ... ■;;;;;;■ Salaries 36 00 7 20 2,4.56 76 217 01 Contingencies ... 2,673 77 Kingston. Behan, J. J Salary as Inspector from Julv 1, 1903, to August 6, 1903 0 34 38 36 128 75 Contingencies 167 11 Listoicel. Male, T Salary as Inspector for j-ear 3 60 96 40 91 00 187 40 Londm. Kash, A. F Salarv as Inspector for vear 3 60 1,096 40 377 55 Contingencies 1,473 95 146 INLAND REyENVES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B— Continued. ]^o. 6. — Details of Gas Inspection Expenditures, for the Year ended June 30, 1904. To whom paid. Johnston, W. Roche, H. G. Graham, W. J . , Rork, T Hicks, W. H. Rennie G. Johnstone, J. K. Pape, James .... Whyte, J. A Hunter, W. M.. Aubin, A OTlaherty, M. J. LeVasseur, N. Moreau, J. A Service. Deductioxs for tf Nupancc. .? cts. Contingencies Ottawa. Salary as Inspector for year . Contingencies Owen Sound. Salary as Inspector for year . Contingencies Peta-horough. Salary as Inspector for year. Contingencies Sarnia. •Salary as Inspector, from July 1, 1903 toMay 16, 1904... Contingencies Stratford. Salary as Inspector for year. Contingencies . . . . Toronto. Salary as Inspector for year II Assistant Inspector for year. from June 8 to June 30, 1904 Salaries Contingencies Montreal. Salary as Inspector for year . . 1, Assistant Inspector for year . Simpson, A. F. . . . Salaries Contingencies . Quebec. Salary as Inspector for year M Assistant Inspector for year. . Salaries Contingencies Sh erhrooke. Salary as Inspector for year. •S cts. 4 00 4 00 34 04 34 04 Amounts paid. •S cts. 19 96 6 00 25 9G 3 00 3 60 3 60 3 60 1 61 3 60 3 60 1 80 1 80 0 11 7 31 3 60 1 80 5 40 3 60 b cts. Total amounts paid. 1.096 40 923 35 192 40 125 00 146 40 19 05 85 72 32 45 192 40| 19 551 S cts. 33 70 2,019 75 317 40 165 45 118 17 211 95 1,662 36 998 16 698 16 38 22 3,396 90 56 75 1,596 36 798 12 2 394 48 762 75 3 60 976 44 294 00 1,270 44 201 04 3 60 143 40 3,453 65 3,157 23 1,471 48 143 40 STATISTICS 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. 'No. 6. — Details of Gas Inspection Expenditures, for the Year ended June 30, 1904. To whom jjaid. Service. St. Hyacinthc. Benoit, L. V Salary as inspector for year . Fredericton. Fowler, -J. D Salarj^ as Inspector for year.. St. John. Wilson, J. E Salary as Inspector for year Contingencies j Halifax. Miller, A Salary as Inspector for year Ritchie, A. J : n Assistant Inspector for year. Mimro, H. D. ...; .. ., „ . Salaries Contingencies Deductions for £ S S cts, Bell. J. H Magness, R. Cliarlottetoivn. Salary as Inspector for year. I Contingencies . . . McAloney, J. A . . Wolfenden, W. . . . Miller, J. E Jones, R, Winnipeg. Salary as Inspector for year. Contingencies Nanairao. Salary as Inspector for year.. New Westminster. Salary as Inspector for year. Vancouver. Salary as Inspector for year. Contingencies Victoria. Salary as Inspector for year . Contingencies . . . . . S cts-, 2.5 04 27 00 S cts. 1 80 3 60 3 60 5 00 6 00 4 00 Amounts paid. Total amounta paid. 3 60 1 1 20 3 60 3 60 § cts. 98 20 19C 40 1,090 40 93 16 1,221 36 648 12 96 24 1,965 72 8'01 25 353 89 52 43 S cts. 98 20 196 40 1,189 56 296 40 145 25 3 60 3 60 3 60 96 40 91 40 290 40 146 90 3 60 192 40 1 40 2,766 97 406 32 441 05 96 40 91 437 30 193 80 12—10 148 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B— Continued. 1^0. 6. — Details of Gas Inspection Expenditures for the Year ended June 30, 1904. To whom paid. Service. Stevenson, George Webster, Jas. S JMcAuslan, A Goodfellow, B Scott & Bennett The Pritchard & Andrews Co American ISIeter Co Canadian Rubber Co Dingwall, D. R., Ltd... . McKay, W. J Cotter Bros Stevenson, Geo Proctor, G. A Joss, Alexander. Bowman, R Hynimen, P Chislett, W. R Millward, G. W Homan, W. S. Cole & McMurray. ........ Canadian E.xpress Co Canadian Pacific Railway Co Dominion Express Co . . General Contingencies. •^alance on 2 meters. . . . . For repairing 12 new discs for A. Aubin, photometers, For concrete foundation laid in Gait gas office Materials furnished and carpenters work for Gait gas office For painting floor and meter prover in. Gait gas office Repairing meter prover in Gait gas office Paid for rubber cement and 2 sets of bands for model daters 3 test meters complete and commission on draft. Rubber tubing, &c , Cleaning photometer clock Material furnished and 7h hours time Solder and 18 hours time Repairs to apparatus , Material and labour. , . 7 hours time repairing, &c. Material and labour, Express charges Freight charges . Express charges Total general contingencies . Grand total Add — Printing.. . Stationery . Authorized disbursements (le.ss superannuation retire ment and guarantee) Add — Balances due by Inspectors, Jvme 30,1904 Less — Balances due by Inspectors, July 1, 1903, Actual disbursements agreeing with statement No. 22. page 58 Amounts paid. $ cts. 628 00 41 09 5 50 8 25 5 00 8 60 1 50 90 25 no 31 1 00 6 50 11 10 283 61 6 60 43 85 2 45 8 26 18 09 35 29 9 30 25 34 1 00 4 63 0 65 378 43 157 24 Totals. $ cts. 1,356 17 24, .564 50 535 67 25,100 17 212 88 25,313 05. 212 88 25,100 17 Inla:\d Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. STATISTICS 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B—Conti7med. No. 7. — Details of Electric Light Inspection, Expenditures for the Year ended June 30, 1904. To whom paid. Johnson, W . . . . McPhie, D . . . . Nash, A, F Roche, H. G . Johnstone, J. K Aubin, A Le Vasseur, N.. Simpson, A. F . . Provost, I . . . . Dufresne, J. U. Wilson, J. E.... Millar, A Bell, J. H Magness, R Jones, R Higman, 0.. Fontaine, A . Service. Belle iHlle. Contingencies Hamilton. Contingencies London. Contingencies Ottaica. Contingencies Toronto, Contingencies Mont reed. Contingencies , Quebec. Continafencies. Contingencies. Sherbrooke. St. Hyacinthe. Salary as Inspector for the 3^ear . Contingencies Three Rivers. Salary as Inspector for the year Contingencies ■ Contingencies. Contingencies. Contingencies. Contingencies. , Contingencies. . St. John. Halifax. Charlottetown. Winn ipeci. Victoria. Deduction for Guarantee $ cts, General. Salary as Chief Electrical Engineer for the year. Salary as assistant to the Chief Electrical Engineer for the year Contingencies.. . 1 80 Amounts paid. S cts. 0 07 298 20 45 70 499 93 65 95 2,400 00 731 12 262 40 12-10^ 150 INLAND REYENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B~Continued. "NTo. 7. — Details of General Electric Light Inspection, Expenditures for the Year ended June 30, 1904 — Concluded. To whom paid. Hearn & Soppr Weston Electrical Instru- ment Co Shedrick, C. K Williams & Wilson.. Forman, John Canadian Rubber Co Thornton & Truiuan The Ottawa Electric Co' . . Eastern Carbon Works .... The Pritchard & Andrews Co Garioch, Godard Co Dommion Express Co. . . . Canadian Express Co American Express Co Canadian Pacific Ry .... Potvin, N Service. General Contingencies. Electrical supplies, material, repairs, &c Repaiis to electrical apparatus 1 drilling machine fitted with check 15 Sangano testing sets 2 yards rubber matting . . . . Belting puUies, shafting, machinist time, &c . 1 Nerust lamp and 1 portable lamp 50 carbon plates 1 model dater Binding posts knife switches . Express charges Freight charges. Petty expenses. Total general contingencies . Grand total ... . Add — Printing. . . Stationery . Amounts paid. S cts. 1,181 05 85 01 2G G5 • 50 00 42 00 10 35 136 43 13 65 4 91 2 00 66 60 21 35 33 36 3 00 1 40 1 25 Actual disbursements, agreeing with statement No. 24, page 61 123 62 39 74 Totals. $ cts. 1,679 01 7,881 77 163 36 8,045 13 Inland E-evenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1901. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minifyter. STATISTICS 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 8. — List of Persons emploved by the Inland Revenue Department on Salary, during the Year ended June 30, 1903-1904. Names. Adams. J. S Alexander, Thos Allen, G. A Alteman, Peter J Amor, Wm Andrews, A. A Armstrong, Walter . . . Aubin, A Baby, W. A. D . . . Baikie, D. Baker, J. S Barber, J. S Barnes, (x.. Barrett, J. K Barry, James Bayard, Gilbert A Beaulac, J. H Beaulieu. J. B Belair, A. (Plessis dit). Bell, J. H Belleperche, A. J. E . Belyea, T. H Beneteaia, S . . . Bennett, James Benoit, L. V Bernard, N. J. D . . . . Bernier. J. A Berry, H. L Bickle, J. W Bish, Pliilip Bishop, J. B Blackman, C Blais, J. C. F Blethen, C. W Blyth, Alex Bolduc, Ephrem Bonner, J. D , Boomer, J. B Bondet, E Bourassa, Joseph Bourget, L. J Bourget, O Bousquet, J. O ... Bouteiller, G'. A Bowman, Allan Boyd, J. F. S Boyd, S. I.. Boyle, P Bowen, F. C Brabant, J. B. G. N . Brain, A. F Breen, John Brennan, D. J Brennan, John Brentnall, F. F Broadfoot, S . Brown, W. J Browne, G. W Bruyere, H. P ...... . Services . P^ 5- 152 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 8. — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1 903-19Q4:~Continued. Names. Burgess, Thomas H . . Burke, T Burns, .John Burns, R. J Cahill, J. H Cahill, J. W Cameron, D. M Campeau, F. R. E . . . Cargill, W : . . . . Carroll, D Carroll, F. P.., Carter, William Casey, John ... Cav3n, A Caven, W Chagnon, C. P Chalus, J. O Charbonneau, E Chartier, Etienne Cheseldine, J. H Chevrier, B Chilver, F. W Chisholm, J. J Chisholm, W. N Clark, James Alfred.. Clarke, Thomas Codd, Herber- J. S . . Code, Abraham Coleman, Charles ... Coleman, J. J Coles, F. H Collins, D Comte, L. A. A. J . . . Ccnklin, W. M . . . . Cook, W. R Costello, J. W Costigan, J. J Coughlin, D Coulter, Alex Courtney, .J. J Coutts, J. J.. Cowan, Edgar Crawford. W. P Dager, H. J Daignault, G Daoust, .J. A. ... Daveluy, J. P David, T Davis, J Davis, T. G Davy, Edward Dawson, W Deland, A. N Dennis, W. A. . . . . Desaulniers, J. E. A. Dessert, Victor Dibblee, William. .. . Dick, J. W Dickson, C. T Services. tog SI-) £■ STATISTICS 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 8. — List of Persons emyloyed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1903-1904:— Continued. Servicks. Names. a a5 'S X i Electric Light Inspection. 6 > > .2 Dixon, H. G. 8 . . Donaghv, William.. . Doyle, B. J Doyon, ,T. A Dudlev, W. H 1 Duraaine, .T. D. E Dumbrille, R. W Dunlop, C Dunne, J. P . 1 "l Duplessis, C. Z Dustan, W. M Dwyre, D. T. 1 Egan, Wm Egener, A Errett, R. W 1 Evans, G. T ...... Fahev, Ed ::::■; ::::;" Falconer, R. H "'i' 1 1 Fergru;>on, John C . . 1 Findlay, R Findley, Hugh Fitzgerald, E. W . . ... Fletcher, R. W .• . . . 1 1 Flynn, D. J , 1 Forest, E. R Fortier, J. .J. 0 '" 1 Fowler .T. D. .... 1 Fox, J. D Fox, Thomas. 1 1 ' i i' i Frankland, H. R Freed AT Gauvin, E Gerald, C . Gerald, W. H Gerald, W. J 1 Gerow, W. M Gill, Wm Girdlestone, R. J. M. 1 154 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 8.— List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1 903-1 904— Continued. Sehvices. Names. 6 .'2 CO '3 beg i C5 Electric Light Inspection. Preventive. s _c "■5 c ^ o s Oorman, Arthur M Gosnell, T. S Oow, J. E • Graham, A. L Graham, VV. J Graham, \V. T "'i' Grant, H. H . . . Gravel, A.I 1 ""'i' Grimason, Thomas i } Grobois (de), Chas. B Guay, Alphonse Hagan, James ' i 1 Hagarty, P Hagertj', B ... .... 1 1 Halliday, W. A Hanley, A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 " i' Harwood, J. 0. A . . . . . . ... Harris, J. G Harrison, W. F Hawkin, A. C. . . . Hawkins, W. L Hayhurst, T. H "i 'i Hayward, W. J Hebert, C. D Hebert, J. A. P Helliwell, H. N 1 1 1 I 1 Hen wood, (jeorge .• ... ^ .. .^. Hicks, W. H Himsworth, Wm Hinchey, E. H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hobbs, G. N Howard, W. W. S Howden, R Howell, Thomas . . . ' Hubley, H. H Hughes, Henry . . 1 Hughes, R. A "i' 1 1 1 1 Her, B Irwin, Robert ... Irwin, Samuel 1 James, T. C 1 1 1 '""i ::::: Jamiesnn, R. C Johnson, C. W ■"i" 1 Johnson, Wm , 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 Jones, Andrew STATISTICS 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 8. — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1903-1904:— Continued. Services. Names. 6 a 1— 1 9 P=3 i > P4 Jubenville, J. P 1 1 1 1 . . . . Keeler, G. S " 1 Keilty, T Kelly, Daniel Kelly, J. F. .. ""'l' 1 1 Kelly, M. J Keogh, P. M Kidd, Thomas Kilrov E T 1 1 Kino-" EM 1 ; Labelle, L. V 1 " i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Laidman, Richard H 1 Lane T M 1 LaRiviere, A. C LaRue, A. P Laurier, J. Ij ... Lawless, E. M . . ... 1 Lawlor, H 1 1 "i 1 Lawlor, John J LeBel, J.A. W 1 1 1 "" i' 1 1 1 LeVasseur, N • 1 1 Logan, .John Long, W. H A 'i Macdonald, A. B Macfarlane, Thos . . i "i 1 1 Mager, .Joseph G . . . ... 1 1 ""i "'l' Magness, Robt Mahoney, H Mainville C P 1 Malo T 1 1 1 Maranda, X. A .... Marcon, F. E 1 Marin L H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Marion, H. R. Marshall, I N Mason, F . . . , . "'i' ...... Maurice, E Metealf, W. F Melville, T. R Michon, A. E Miller A. Miller, J. E 1 i ' 1 156 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 8. — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1 903-1 904 — Continued. Services. Names. C 1— 1 6 .2 -2 g be a; 03 Electric Light Inspection. > « Si d 1 Om Miller, W. F Millier, Elie 1 Milli^an, R. J - 1 Milliken, E Moore, T l' Moreau, A Morin, J. P ... 1 1 "i' 1 1 Moreau, J. A Mulhern, M. M Munro, H. D Murdoch, James Murphy, Jas. L Murray, A. E Murray, David McAloney, Joseph A 1 1 Mc Arthur, G. H McCloskey, J. R McCoy, Wm McCraney, H. P McCuaig, Aug. F McCullough, A 1 McCutcheon, H McDonald, A. J 1 1 McDonald, A. W McDonald, J McFarlane, J McFee, C McGill, A 1 McGuire, T McLenaghan, N "'"i .1 "i McNiven, J. D McPhie, Donald McPhie, W. H McSween, James Nash, A. F 1 1 Neil, James Nash, S. C Newby, F Nichols, J. T 1 Noonan, H. T Normandin, G O'Brien, E. C O'Brien, J. F O'Donnell, J . . . O'Donnell, M. J.. O'Flaherty E. J O'Flaherty, M. J '..'.'.'. '. O'Leary, T. J . . . 1 Orr, Henry N Osborne, F. A O'Sullivan, D Panneton, G. E Pape, James Parent, F " i 1 1 Parkinson, Edward B 1 STATISTICS 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 8.— List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1903-1 904:— Continued. Services. Names. 1— ( "S X CO 3 Electric Light Inspection. i ■3 a a> > 0) J 1 -eg- Patrv, J. H Patterson CEA ' "i Pelletier, N. G Petit J B Pole, C. W Portelance, P. A '"'l' Powell, J. B Power, J. F Prefontaine, F. H 1 '■"l' "l Prosser, Elijah. .... Provost I E Quain, Redmond 1 Ralston T 1 . Rinfret, C. I. " i Ritchie R Robins S W 1 Roche H G ' 1 1 Rork, T . . -. ... ^. Ross, H. E 1 "'i' Roy, L. G. . , ""'i' ' "i Ryan, Wm 1 Schram R L H Scullion, W. J Shanacv, M ... . "i "'■ I Shaw, .J. F 1 Simpson, A. F . . . . . Sinon E H Slattery, R 1 ' i Smith J C Sparling .J. W ■_ Stevens, D. B . . ... .... 1 St. Michel F X Stratton, ^\ . C Stuart, W. E Swannell, F. W Talbot, John . . ' 1 TdTylor, G. W Tetreault, J . . Thomas. J. S .... 158 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B— Continued. No. 8. — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department, 1903-I90i— Continued. Services. Names. a5 a 1— 1 o X CD 3 Electric Light Inspection. a o Thomas, Robert i Thorburn, J . . . Till, T. M Tomlinson, W. M Tompkins, P .... Toupin, F. X. J. A Tracy. J. P ... . Trasher, W. A Valin, J. E 1 Verner, Francis Wainright, F. G Walker, J. H Warden, R. S. R Watson, W. W Waugh, R. J Weobe, C. E. A 1 1 Westman, T 1 "'i' Wheatley, Alfred E White, J. B Whitehead, J. P .... Why te, J . A i Wilson, David . . . . . Wilson, J. E 1 1 1 Wolf end en, William ... . . ... 1 Woudward, G. W "i Wright, Robert J Wright, S. E Yetts, R. P ""i 1 Young, R. E I 21 Totals 24 326 67 37 6 13 STATISTICS 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B—Co7itimied. No. 9.-- List of persons employed by the Inland Revenue Dep a o > 5 <; Adam, A. R From January 1, 1904 to June 30, 1904. . . . February 23, 1904 to June 30, 1904 Auger, L/. H 1 .... "i' "l July 1, 1903 to August 6 1903 Bouchette, R. E July 1, 1903 to December 12, 1903 .... July 1, 1903 to January 18, 1904 December 29, 1903 to -Tune 30, 1904. . . . December 18, 1903 to June 30, 1904 December 12, 1903 to June 30. 1904. . . , July 1, 1903 to October 12, 1903 1 1 1 1 1 Bourgeault, Alp Bourgeois, J. E Brofieur, P. E. S. . Chateauvert, G. E . . Clark, A. F 1 1 1 1 1 Courchesne, J. H March 19, 1904 to June 30, 1904 December 29, 1903 to .Tune 30, 1904 Crevier, J. H July 1, 1903 to April 30, 1904 May 1, 1904 to June 30, 1904 December 12, 1903 to June 30, 190^1 January 21. 1904 to June 30, 1904 July 1, 1903 to September 30, 1903. . . . December 2, 1903 to June 30, 1904 . . . "l Desmarais, H. F Doyle, E. F Earl, R. W 1 "l' 1 1 Elliott, T. H 1 Fiddes, James Fielding, Laura G January 1, 1904 to June 30. 1904 . . . July 1, 1903 to September 30, 1903 Fortier, V Garneau, H April 11, 1904 to June 30, 1904 July 1, 1903 to April 30, 1904. . 1 Gervais, S 1 1 Gilby, W. F Goodhue, M. L. E . . January 1, 1904 to June 30, 1904 December 19, 1903 to June 30, 1904 July 1, 1903 to May 31, 1904 July 1, 1903 to January 31, 1904 JulV 28, 1903 to June 30, 1904 June 8 1904 to June 30, 1904. l' Guay, G. Is 1 1 Hart, P. D Hogan, James ... . Hunter, W. M ... Jeffrey, A. J Johnston, G. E January 11, 1904 to June 30, 1904 . . . July 1, 1903 to October 31, 1903 Keay, W. S October 3, 1903 to June 30, 1904 November 1, 1903 to June 30, 1904 ISlarch 9, 1904 to June 30, 1904 Langelier, Fran9ois Leblanc, F. X March 15, 1904 to June 30, 1904 .... October 16, 1903 to June 30, 1904 January 1, 1904 to June 30, 1904 July 1, 1903 to March 31, 1904 March 14 1904 to June 30, 1904 '■: 1 Ledoux, Alexina Levesque, H Longtin, H. 1 McFarland, CD... July 1, 1903 lo November 3, 1903 February 23, 1904 to June 30, 1904 McGuire, L. J McKay, R McPhei-son, E. A. . September 7, 1903 to June 30, 1904 December 28, 1903 to June 30, 1904 1 "i" Popham, F. H Richard, D April 16, 1904 to June 30, 1904 . July 1, 1903 to August 31, 1903 Rose, John A April 16, 1904 to June 30, 1904 Sangster, F. H July 13, 1903 to June 30, 1904 March 1, 1904 to June 30, 1904 Scott, Jos 1 Timmons, P July 1, 1903 to September 30, 1903 Timmons, R October 12, 1903 to June 30, 1904. June 1, 1904 to June 30, 1904 Thrasher, W. A. . . 1 Tobin, Thomas July 16, 1903 to June 30, 1904 January 1, 1904 to June 30, 1904 . ... July l,'l903 to February 29, 1904. . . . i Trumpour, G Waller, J Walsh, W. H October 14, 1903 to June 30, 1904 December 12, 1903 to June 30, 1904 July 1, 1903 to December 31, 1903. . . April 11, 1904 to June 30, 1904 December 17, 1903 to June 30, 1904 "i "i Watson, V. M Weir, James Wiallard, R. A Wellan, T. E 33 Totals 11 9 3 2 0 ? 160 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B— Concluded. No. 9 — List of Persons employed by the Inland Revenue Department on Salary, during the Year ended June 30, 1904 — Concluded. RECAPITULATION. Employed during the year 447 ,1 a portion of tbe year .... 57 Total. 504 Services. Emploj'ed in the Inside Service 35 Excise 336 Weights and Measures 70 Gas 10 Electric Light Inspection 4 Preventive Service . 2 Food Inspection 6 Excise, Weights and Measures, and Gas 1 t, and Gas _ . 11 M and Food Inspection 8 Weights and Measures and Gas 2 M K and Food Inspection , 1 Gas and Electric Light 10 Excise, Gas and Electric Light 4 Weights, and Measures, Gas and Electric Light 3 M M and Excise 1 Total corresponding with above 504 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, Auarust 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1905 INDEX Page. ' Acadian Recorder ' . Subscription 1 ;-J9 ' Acadiensis', St. John „ 13<) Acetic Acid Duty accrued 22-23 M Return of Manufactures jOQ „ Comparative Statement for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 106 n Revenue 6_8 ,, Comparative Statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1902- 1903 and 1903-1904 28-29 II Warehouse Returns 107 „ ,1 Comparative Statement for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 108 Adam, A. R Duty-pay i;53 Adams J. S Salary 122 Adulteration of Food, E.xpenditure, page 17 Details of 130, 13" M Fees ' 20 II Vote for .... 64 Ahearn, Thomas Lessee 110 Aheain & Soper, Ltd Electrical Supplies, &c 137 Alexander, T Contingencies and salary 117 Allan & Hose . . Refunds 32 Allen, G. A Contingencies 129 Duty-pay 133 H Salary 121. 124 Allen, S . Refunds 47 Allison, J. B . . Commission 130 131 Alteman, P. J Salary Hg American Bank Note Co Contingencies 129, 1.36, 144 American E.xpress Co ,. ' 159 American Meter Co m 148 American Tobacco Co. of Canada, Ltd., The Refunds.. .. 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 4.3, 44, 45, 40, 47 Amor, William Salary '1I7 Amount voted and expenditure authorized for each service ... . 64 Amyot & Gau vin Refunds 32, 35 Anderson, J.J Commission '13O Anderson, T. E ... h I3I Anderton & Co Refunds 33 Andrews, A. A , Salaiy 122 Appendix, " A " Statistics 65 " "B" Details of expenditure 116 Archibald, L. C Lessee 112 Ateshian, Carnig Refunds 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 Atkins, W „ 47 Aubin, A Contingencies I49 II II and salary 140 Auger, L. H Salary 125 Austin, A. S Refunds 31 Audette, L. A . . . Law stamps I9 Avery, W. & T Contingencies . 144 Baby, W. A. D Duty-pay 132 11 Salarj^ II7 Baikie, D ,, 11^9 Bailey, G. Co Contingencies 129 Bailey, John Purchaser 114 Baker, J. S . Salary 142 Baldwin, A. H Lessee 110 Bank of British Columbia, The . . n ... HO Barber, J. S Salary 121 Barnes, G . . ... . 196 Barnheart, D. T Refunds 45 Barrett, J. K . . Contingencies and salary 128 Barrie Brewing Co. , Ltd. , The Refunds 33 Barrie Gas District Contingencies and salary 145 Barrie, Robert Ref imds 34 Barry, H. D 1 . ' 4I Barry, James Contingencies and salary 142 Bauer, A Refunds 31, 34 Bauld, Bros. & Co . , 1, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 4l' 44 Bausch & Lamb Optical Co Contingencies I37 162 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD V!l., A. 1905 Page. Bayard, G. A .Duty-pay 132 Salary 122 Beauchesrie, P. C Commission 130, 131 Beaulac, J. H Salary 142 Beaulieu, J. B .. *. 123 Beauport Brewing Co., The Refunds 32,35 Behan, J. J..... Salary 141 11 II .and contingencies 145 Belair, A. P n ... 123 Bell, J. H Contingencies and salary 147, 149 Bell, Nathan Refunds ... 39 Bell Telephone Co., The Messages 139 Belleperche, A. J. £ Contingencies 129 Salary 121 Belleville Electric Light District Contingencies 149 II Excise Division ti and salaries 116 II 11 . Distribution of seizures 134 II Gas District Contingencies and salaries 145 11 Weights and Measures Division • n n 141 Bely ea, T. H. Contingencies and salary 125 11 ... Distribution of seizures 134, 135 Beneteau, S Dutv-pay 132 Salary 122 Benjamin, E. R Bill stamps ... 18 Bennett, James Salary 118 Benoit, L. V Contingencies and salary. ... 124, 147 Berlin Gas Office h i: 145 Bernard, N. J. D Duty-pay 132 Salary 124 Bernhardt, V. P Refunds 31,34 Bsrnier, Hon. M. E Salary 138 Bernier, J. A Duty-pay 132 Salary 142 11 123 Berry, H. L Duty-pay 132 Salary 116,122 Bickle, J. W Contingencies and salary 145 11 Salary 119 Billman, Chisholm & Co Refunds 36,38,42,43,45 Bill stamps — Distributors' Accounts 18 Binney, J. W Commis.sion 130 Bish, Philip Duty-pay 132 11 Salary 116 Bishop, J. B II 117 Bixel, A Refunds 34 Blackburn, K. et al Lessees 110 Blackman, C , Salary 117 Blackwood, W Refunds 35 Blair, H. C Comniission ... 130 Blais, J. C. F Duty-pay 132 Salary 123 Blais. Narcisse Lessee 110 Blaisdell, N. S . . . .i 110 Blanckstein, C Refunds. 37 Elethen, C. W Distribution of seizures 135 11 Salary 125 Blumenstiel, I Refunds 39, 44 Blyth, A Salary 118 Bolduc, E 11 142 Bolger, M. J Refunds 45 Bollard, A i, 38, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47 Bonded Manufactures, Revenue 6-8 Bonded Warehouse License Refunds 47 Bonness, J. D Distribution of seizures 135 Boomer, J . . Purchaser 114 Boomer, J. B Salary 119 Booth, J. R Lessee 110 Boswell&Bros Refunds 31,35 Bouchette, R. Errol Salary 138 Boudet, E ■ 142 Bourassa, Joseph 123 Bourgault, Alp i 138 Bourget, L n 142 Bourget, O n 123 Bousquet, J. O Distribution of seizures 134 II Duty-pay 132 mDEX 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 PA(iE. Bourgeois, C Salary ..... 122 Bourgeois, Pjug — ... m . 139 Bousquet, J. O 123 Bouteiller, G. A , Duty-pay 132 .r Salary 121 Bowen, N. H Purchaser . 114 Bowie, R Refunds 31 Bowman, A Salary 116 Bowman, M Food analysis 137 Bowman, R Contingencies 148 Bovd, A Commission 130 Boyd, J. F. S Salary 121 Boyd, S. I , 120 Buj'le, P .^ M 118 Brabant, J. B. G. N Distribution of seizures. 134 11 Salary 123 Brain, A. F. i, 116 Brain, Edwin Refunds ... 33 Brandon Brewing Co. , Ltd. , The i, 35 Brantford Excise Division . . Contingencies and salaries 116 Breen, J Salary 141 Brener, A. H Refunds . 37, 38, 41, 43 Brennan, D. J Contingencies , 129 11 Salary 117 Brennan, John Duty-pay 132 Salary 121 Brennan, W. .J Duty-pay 132 Brentnall, F. F. Salary 121 Breweries and Malt Houses Inspector of . . 128 Bridge, Revenue Lessee 15 Bristol Ferry n 15 British American Bank Note Co Contingencies , 129 British Columbia p]xcise District. . . h and salary 128 Britton, W. H Commission 130, 131 Broadfoot, S Contingencies and salarj' 145 11 Salary 116 Brockville Gas District h , 145 Brodeur, Hon. L. P Salary 138 11 ... Travelling expenses 139 Brodeur, P. E. S Salary 138 Brodeur, S. H Commission 1,30 Bronson Co., The Lessees 110 Bronson & Weston n , 110 Bronson & Weston Lumber Co. , The h 110 Brook, Joseph Tenant 114 Brown, F. C Salary 124 Brown, W. J , . .Contingencies 129 11 Salary 116 Bruyere, H. P m 123 Bryan, G. F '. Refunds 35 Bryson & Graham Contingencies , 1.39 Buckingham and Cumberland Ferry Lessee ... 15 Buffalo and Point Abinot Ferry 15 Buildings Revenue 15 JiuUetin dcs Becherches Historiqucs, Levis, P.Q Subscription 139 Burgess, Thomas Salary 144 Burke, T ........ Contingencies and salary .... 128 Burns, John Salary 138 Biuns, R. J 11 121 Busby, C. S Commission 130 11 ... .... Contingencies 129 Buxton, Geo Refunds 33 Cahill, J. H Salary 123 Cahill, J. W , _. . Duty-pay 132 ..'..Salary 122 Calcutt, H Refunds... 31,34 Calgary Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 126 II Weights and Measures Division h h 143 Cameron, D. M Duty-pay. 132 Salary 117 Cameron, R Law stamps 19 Campbell, G Commission 1,30 Campeau, F. R. E Salary 138 Canada Atlantic Ry. Co • Freight 129 Canadian Express Co n 129, 139, 144, 148, 150 Canadian Gazelle, London, Eng Subscription 139 Canadian Manufaclurer, The, Toronto .....:...... n 139 12—11 164 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page. Canadian Mining Review, Ottawa Subscription 139 Canadian Pacific Kailway Co Freight ] 29, 144, 148, 150 " II Lessee 110 ti M Co's Telegraph Messages 139 Canadian Rubber Co Contingencies 129, 148, 150 Canadian Twist Tobacco (^\jantity taken for consumjitiou 22, 23 Cape Breton, Weights and Measures Division Contingencies and salary 143 Capital Brewing Co., The Refunds 33 Cargill, W Salary 126 Carling, T. H Refunds 33 Carpeiiter, J. A. . . , Distribution of seizures 135 Carroll, D Salary 125 Carroll, F. P , 125 Carson, H . . Contingencies 129 Carter, William Salary 138 Casey John ,, ' 118 Casual Revenue . . ; 20 Catholic Register, Toronto Subscription 139 Cauchon, Alp Commission 130 Caven, W Salary 122 Chagnon, C. P 122 Chalus, J. O Contingencies and salary 142 Charbonneau, E Salary , 138 Charlottetown Electric Li^ht District Contingencies 149 1. Excise Division ,, and salaries 125 II Gas District ••.•■•.■ " ^^^ salary 147 II Weights and Measures Division n and salaries • 143 Chartier, E Salary 124 Chateauvert, G. E „ 138 Chemists and Surgeons Supply Co., The Contingencies 137 Cheseldine, J. H „ 129 II Salary 117 Chevalier, John Purchaser 114 Chevrier, B . . . . Salary 138 Chief Electrical Engineer Contingencies and salary 149 Chief Inspector of Weights and Measures .... n n 143 Chilver, F. W Dutv-paid 132 Salary 122 Chisholm, D. C Law costs 129 ■Chisholm, W. N Salary 118 Chisholni,W.W , . .' 143 Chislett, W. R Contingencies 143 Choat & Kern Purchasers 114 Choquette, Revd. C. P Contingencies 137 Cigarettes— Number taken for consumption 22-23 Cigars — Comparative statement of manufactures for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 92-93 II License fees 22-23 II Licenses issued, materials used and number produced .• 90-91 II Number taken for consumption ... 22-23 II Refunds 47 II Returns of manufactures 91 II Revenue 6 to 8 ji M Comparative monthly statement showing increase or decrease for 1902-1903and 1903-1904 28-29 II Warehouse Return 94 I, Comparative statement for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 85 'Citizen, The, Ottawa Contingencies 129 .1 II Subscription 139 Clair Stati(m and Kent Ferry Lessee 15 Clark, A. F Salary...., 120 Clark, A.J , Commission, 130 Clark, J. A Salary 125 Clarke, E. L Refunds 31 Clarke, L. H. 33 Clarke, T Salary , 119 Cloutier, D Refunds. 31 Cobourg Gas District Contingencies and salary 145 Codd, H. J. S Salary 122 Code, A II 126 Coleman, C 120 Coleman, J. J Duty-pay 132 Salary 123 Cole & McMurray Contingencies 148 Coles.F.H Salary .. 117 INDEX 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Collins, D Salary . 142 Commission on sales of Canada twist stamps, page 12.. Details of expenditure 131 M .1 t. Vote for 64 .1 to Customs officers, page 12 Details of expenditure 131-132 ,, » II Vote for.... <)4 Comte, L. A. A.J Distribution of seizures 134 II .1 Salary 123 Conklin, W. M 1 126,13(5 ,, Travelling and other expenses 136 Conroy, Mary Lessee 110 Contingencies — Adulteration of Food 136-137 II Departmental 140 •I Electric Light, General l.W II Excise, General 129 II Gas, General 148 II Minor revenues 136 II Weights and Measures^ General 144 Controller of Stationery Books 139 11 Parliamentary publications 139 Stationery 139 Conway, T. A Commission 131 Cook, W. Ji Salary 121 Copland Brewing Co. , Ltd Refunds 33 Corby, H .. 33 Cornwall Gas District Contingencies and salaries 145 II Excise Division n n '. 116 Corporation of Quebec Lessee 110 ThreeRivers 1. 110 Cosgrove, L.J Refunds 33 Costfllo, J. W... Salary 143 Costigan, J. J .- 122,136 II Travelling and other expenses 136 Cotter, Bros Contingencies 148 Coughlin, D . . Salary 141 Coulter, A h 121 Courchesne, J. H , n 124 Courtney. J. J n , 122 Coutlee, L. M. Lessee 110 Coutts, J.J Salary 116 Cowan, E n 142 Crawford, W. P 1 117 Creed, J. N. & Co Refunds. 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 Creely, George Purchaser , 114 Chevrier, ,T Refunds 47 Crevier, J. H Distribution of seizures 134 ,, Salary 12.3 Cross, A. T: ...".'.'.'."..'.'..'."'.'.'.'..'.'. .1 '[ ^ i /..'. .Refunds ... .'..'.'.'.'.'.I'.. .\'.'.".'./.]'.'.\'.\.\ 32, 35 Cross Point and Campbellton Ferry Lessee 15 Currier, J. M ,- 110 Dager, H. J Distribution of seizures 1.34 Salary 121 Daignault, G 124 Dailii Star, Toronto Subscription 139 Dailv Telegraph, Quebec m 139 Daily Telegraph, ^t. John, yi.'Q h 140 Z)a (7« TF(Y7Mss, Montreal .1 , 139 Bail fi World, Tovonto ,1 . . .• 140 Dailii World, Vancouver h 139 Daly, J. A , Commission 130,1.31 Daly, J. M Refunds 39, 40, 44, 47 Daoust, J. A Salary 142 Daveluy, J. P 1- 123 David, "T 123 Davidson, Paterson & Grant Law costs 129 Davies, Thos Refunds , 34 Davis, J Salary 118 Davis, S. & Sons Refunds 36, 40, 42, 43 Davis, T. G Salary 117 Davy, E Contingencies and salary 143 Dawes, A. .J . Refunds 31 Dawson, D Commission 130 Dawson, W. H Duty-pay 132 Salary 116 De Grosbois, C. B n 124 Deland, A. N -■ n 124 Dennis, W. A n , 145 12— lU 166 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page. Departmental Contingencies Vote for 64- u Expenditure, page 48 Details of 1 38 to 140 11 Salaries Vote for (54 Desaulniers, J. E. A Duty-pay 132 Salary 122 Desjardins, Alfred Lessee . 110 Desmarais, H. F Salary 124 Dessert, V t, 142 Devlin, F Refunds 33 Dewar, Colin Lessee 110 Dibblee, William Salary 1 25 Dick, J. W " 120 Dick, Walter Duty-pay.. 132 Dickson, C. T Contingencies and salary . . 117 II .... . . Distribution of seizures .... 134 Dingman, N. J ... Contingencies and salary 128 Dingwall, D. R ., 148 Distilleries Inspector of , 128 Distribution of seizures . . 134-1 35 I, II recapitulation of 135 District Inspectors — Excise Contingencies and salaries 128 Gas. II M 145 to 147 II Weights and Measures h m 141 to 143 Dixon, H. J. S Salary 122 Dodd, William Lessee 110 Dominion Brewery Co., Ltd., The Refunds . . 33 Dominion Express Co Freight 129, 136, 139, 144, 148, 150 Dominion Phosphate Co., Ltd Lessee 112 Donaghy, W Salary 117 Donald, J. T Food analysis . , . 136 Donnely , James Refunds . . . ... 36, 41 Donoghue, D n 37 Dooley, James . 35,38,-39,41,43,45,47 Douglass, D Commission ... 130 Douglass, H. M Refunds 38,47 Doyle, B.J , Duty-pay 132 Salary 127 Doyle, E.F ' .. 138,139 Doyon, J. A -. 138 II *. Travelling expenses 144 Dow, W. & Co ...Refunds. 31 Drewry, E. L n . . 35 Dudley, W. H Salary 120 Dufresne, J. U Contingencies and salary 149 Dumaine, J. D Salary 124 Dumbrille, R. W.. .. 117 Dumouchel, L 122 Dundas and Waterloo Road — Lessee Minor expenditure . . 15 Dunlop, C Salary 121 Dunne, J. P. " 138 Dunnville Bridge Les.see 15 Duplessis, C. Z Salary 125 Dupont, J. G Contingencies 130 Durocher, P. H .' Refunds.... 33 Dustan, W. M . Contingencies and salary 143 Duty-pay to officers, page 12 Details of expenditure 132, 133 ,, ,, ... Vote for 64 II other than special surveys ■ 64 Dvvyer, D. T Salary 125 Dyer, J. J Refunds 38,44,46,47 Earl, R. W Salary 126 Eastern Carbon Works Contingencies 150 Eastern Township Bank Refunds 30 Eaton, C 34 Edmunstcjn and Maine Ferry Lessee 15 Edwards, W. C. & Co.. Ltd Contingencies 129,144 Egan, W Salary 119 Egener, A " _• 320 Eimer and Amend Contingencies 129, 137 Ein, S Refunds 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 ,47 Electric Light Inspection — Contingencies Vote for 64 „ „ Expenditure, page 61 ... . Details of 149-150- ,1 „ Revenue Districts in account with revenue 60 • ; ,;„ „ „ Monthly deposits 24 to 27 I ,, ,, II Refunds . . 47 I, ,, Stamps revenue 49-: Elliott, T. H Salaries 121,141 INDEX 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Ellis, W. H. Food analysis 136 Enterprise Brewing Co Refunds 32 Errett, R. W Salary 141 Estate of late Robert Reid Purchaser 114 Evans, G. T Salary 120 Evening Journal, Ottawa »Subscription 139 Excelsior Vinegar Co Refunds 47 Excise Contingencies Vote for 64 M M on account of stamps « 64 II Expenditure, pages 10 to 13 Details of 116 to 133 II II on account of stamps Vote for 64 II General expenditure, pages 10 to 13 Details of 4-5 Revenue 6 to 9 II ,1 Comparative Statement showing increase or decrease for 1902-1903 and 1903- 1904 28-29 II „ Monthly deposits 24 to 27 II Salaries Vote f or . . . 64 M Statistics (Appendix A) 65 to 108 Expenditure — Adulteration of food, page 17 Details of 136-137 II Departmental, page 48 „ 138 to 140 Details of (Appendix B) 116 to 160 II Electi-ic light inspection, page 61. . . .Details of 149-150 II Excise, pages 10 to 13 u 116 to 133 II Gas inspection, pages 58-59 n 145 to 148 II General statement 4-5 II Sundry minor, page 20 . , Details of ■ 136 II Weights and Measures, pages 49 to 55. n 141 to 144 Eagan, J. C . . Food analysis 137 Fahey, Edward Salary 119 Fair, T. J. & Co.. Ltd Refunds 37, .39, 41, 43, 47 Fairfield, W. S 35 Falconer, J. E Duty-pav 132 Salary..- 122 Falconer, R. H Distribution of seizures 134 II ...Salary 121 Farmers Advocate, The, London Subscription 140 Farquharson & Grainger Refunds 34 Ferguson, D Commission . - 130 Ferguson, J. C Salaries 125,136 M Travelling and other expenses 136 Ferries — Revenues Fees 15 Fertilizers Inspection fees 20 Fiddes, James Salary 118 Fielding, L. G II 121 Findlay, R i, 141 Findley, H Contingencies and salary 143 Finlayson, Roderick Lessee 110 Firstbrook, .Tas , Refunds 38 Fiset, M Food analysis 136 Fisher, John Refunds 33 Fitzgerald, E. W Salary 141 Fitzpatrick, J u 125 Fletcher, R. W Salaries 126, 136 II Travelling and other expenses 136 Floody, E Distribution of seizures 134 Flynn, D. J - Salary 120 Flynn, F. L Refunds 37 Fontaine, A Salary 1-16 Food, Adulteration of — Expenditure, page 17 Details of 136-137 II M Vote for 64 Food Inspection . . . ... General statement of expenditure 17 Forest, E. R Salary 122 Forest, M i, 122 Foi'est, J. O. F Commission on sale of tobacco stamps 131 Forman, John Contingencies . . 150 Fort Erie and Buffalo Ferry Lessee , 15 Fortier, J. J. 0.., Salary 124 Fortier, J. M., Ltd Refunds.. . . 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 Fortier, V Salary 123 Foster, Henry m 118 Fournier, L. A i 142 Fowler, G i 138 Fowler, J. D „ 147 Fox, J. D „ 122 Fox, Thomas 118 Frame, A Contingencies and salary 143 Frankland, H. R Distribution of seizures 134 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page . Frankland, H. R . . Contingencies and salary 120 Fraser, P ,, , 129 " M and salary 125 " Distribution of seizures 135 Fraser. R Commission 130, 131 Frechette, L. A Translation 129 " M vote for 64 Fredericton Gas District Salary 147 Freed, A. T Contingencies and salarj' 141 Freeland, A „ 118 " Distribution of seizures ... 134 Free Press, Ottawa Ad vertising 129 M Subscription 139 Fyfe, Jas , Contingencies and salary 143 Gamache, J. N Salary 122 Garbatz, John Purchaser 114 Gardner, H. B _ Refunds 35,46 Garneau, Hector . . Salary 138 " Travelling expenses 139 Garrioch, Godard Co Contingencies 150 Gas Inspection — Contingencies Vote for 64 M . Expenditure, pages 58-59 .Details of 145 to 148 ti Insjjection districts in account with revenue 56-57 M Revenue. ... Monthly deposits 24 to 27 M Salaries Vote for 64 II Stamps. ... Distiibutor's account 58-59 M II Stamps revenue 49 Gass, Charles S'. Lessee 112 Gauvin, E Duty-pay 132 Salary 123 Gazette The M-ontreal , Subscription 139 Geldart, Q. A ..:. Salary 125 General Electric Light Contingencies 150 II E.xLcise — Contingencies 139-140 II Gas Contingencies 148 II Weights and Measures Contingencies 144 G. E. Tuckett & Son Co., Ltd., The Refunds 35. 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 George, John Salary 119 herald, Charles Contingencies 129 M Duty-pay 132 M Salary 120 Gerald, W. H , Contingencies 129 ...Duty-pay 132 .. . Salary 119 Gerald, W. J „ 138 II ... Travelling expenses 139 Gerow, W. M Salary 126 Gervais, S 142 Gignae, R. T Refunds 45 Gilby, W. F Salary 143 Gilhuly, R. H Commission 130 Gill, William Contingencies and salary 128 Gillies, A. L Salary 121 Gilpin, R. R Commission 130 Girard, I Salary 118 Girdlestone, R. J. M Salaries 126, 143 Gird wood, G. P Contingencies. 137 (iiroux, H . „ 137 Gold, T. F ... Refunds • 38,41 Goldstein, B , 35, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46. 47 Gooderham, W. G „ 33 Gooderham & Worts Contingencies 129, 137 Goodfeliow, B „ 148 Goodhue, M. L. E. B. . . . Salary 38 Goodman, A . W Duty-pay 132 Salary..' 119 Gordon, D. W Lessee 110 Gorman, A. M Salary - 125 Gorman, J. W., & Co . . Refunds 43 Gosnell, T. S , . Contingencies and salary 126 Gouin, Lomer .... Law costs. 129 Government Telegraph Lines Lessee 15 Gow, J. E Duty-pay 132 II Salary 121 Graham, A. L , 121 Graham, W. J Contingencies and salaries 118, 146 Graham, W. T Duty-pay ... . 132 INDEX 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Graham, W. T Salary ' 12i Grandstein, M Refunds 39 Grand Trunk Ry. Co Lessee 112 Grant, H. H Contingencies and salary 125 ., Distribution of seizures 135 Grant's Spring Brewing Co Refunds . . . 32, 34 Gravel, A. I Contingencies and salary 142 Graves Bros .. 139,144 Great Northern Transit Co Lessee 110 Great North-western Telegraph Co Telegrams 139 Grier, G. A., & Co Lessees. 110 Grignon, A Commission on sale of tobacco stamps 131 Grimason, Thomas. . ... Salary 117 Grosbois, C. B. de .■ 124 Grothe, L. O Refunds 35, 41, 42 Guay, A Salary 142 Guay, G. N Contingencies and salary ] 42 Guelp, Excise Division n m 116 .1 Gas District . n n 145 Hagarty, B Salary 138 Hagarty, P 125 Halifax Breweries, Ltd Refunds 35 Halifax Electric Light District Contingencies . . . 149 II Excise Division i. and salaries. 125 .. Gas District n > 36 Inland Revenue Department List of persons employed in 151 to 160 II Expenditure, page 48.. Details of 138 to 140 Inspector of bonded factories Contingencies and salary 128 Inspector of breweries and malt houses „ „ 128 Inspector of distilleries m ,, .... 128 Inspector of tobacco factories n ,i 128 Inspectors, Excise Districts n and salaries 128 Intelligencer, Belleville Subscription 140 Irion, A. L Refunds 34 Ironside, G. A Contingencies and salarj' 119 Irwin, R „ .... 129 11 Dutj'-pay .• . . . 117 Salary 132 Irwin, S „ 141 Isaacs, A Refunds 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 Jacobs, H.& Co 38,41,43 James, T. C Salary 125 Jameson, S. B , 126 Jamieson, R. C , Duty-pay . . 132 Salary 120 Jarvis, Henry „ 141 Jeffrey, A. J „ 120 Johnson, J. J Duty-pay 132 11 Salary. 48 Johnson, W Contingencies and salary 141 Johnston, C W Salary 145 Johnston, G. E Duty-pay 132 Salary ". 119 Johnston, W Contingencies and salary 145 Johnstone, J. K „ 149 II II and salary 146 Joliette Excise Division ., and salaries 122 Joncas, P. L Commission 131 Jones, A Salary 121 Jones, H Duty-pay 132 Jones, 'Patrick Refunds 45 Jones, R '..... Contingencies 149 II ... II and salaries 127, 147 Jones, Simeon, Ltd Refunds. 32 Jones, Yarnell & Poulter, London, England * Subscription 139 Joss, Alex Contingencies , 148 Journal, The Advertising , 129 JubenviUe, J. P Salary '. 122 Karney, D. J. (read Kearney) Distribution of seizures ... 134 Kavanagh, A. J Commission 130, 131 INDEX 171 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Kearney, D. J . •. . , Distribution of seizures 134 Salary 123 Keay. W. S Commission 130 Salary 127 Keeler, G. S Duty-pay 132 Salary 119 Keilty, Thomas . . Contingencies and salary . 119 Kelly, D -, -, 141 Kelly, G Refunds 35, 37, 38, 40. 41, 43, 47 KeUy, M. J Salary 142 Kenning, J. H Contingencies and salary 128 Kennv, J , Commission 130, 131 Salary 126 Kenrick, E. B Food analysis . 137 Keogh, P. M Duty-pay 132 Salary 121 Kerrigan, James Refunds 35 Kiad, Thomas Salary 1.36 M Travelling and other expenses 136 Kilbourne, W. P Refunds 38 Kilroy, E. F Duty-pay .... 132 H Salary 116 Kimberley, G. F Refunds 42 King, HL „ 30,31 King, R. M. . . Salary 125 King's Printer Printing, &c 139 Kingston E.xcise Division Contingencies and salaries 119 Kingston Gas District n ir 145 Kirk, J. T Commission 130 Knowles, Charles Salary 142 Kocot, Casimir Refunds 34 Korman, J. S i. 33 Kuntz, Barbara n 33 Kurtz & Co 1. 36 Labatt, John 32, 33, 34 Labelle, L Commission on tobacco stamps. . 131 Labelle, L. V Contingencies and salary 122 Lacas, Emile ; u .... 139 Xa Cie. de publication du Canada Subscription 139 Ladouceur, Louis Salarj' 136 Laidman, R. H m 141 Lally, James Refunds 45 Lambert, J. A Salary 123 Lamoureu.x, J. A , 123 Xm jVation, St. Jer6me Subscription 139 Land sales Details of 114-115 11 General account of , . 14 Xiane, T. M Salary 122 Langelier, F ,i " 124 Lapasse and Govver Point Ferry Lessee 15 JLa Patrie, Montreal Subscription .... 139 Lapierre, T Commission on tobacco stamps 131 Laporte, G Salary 118 La Pressc, Montreal Subscription 139 LaRiviere, A. C . . Salary 12») LaRup, A „ ■ 123 LaRue, A. P „ 123 LaRue, G Contingencies and salary.. 123 11 Distribution of seizui-es 134 LaSalle, B Bill stamps 18 Latremouille, C Contingencies 139 Laurier, J. L Salarj- 122 Laverdure, E. G Lessee 110 Law Costs Expenditure . . 129 Lawless, E. M Salary 138 Lawlor, H Contingencies 129 '1 11 and salarj- 128 Xiawlor, -J. .J Salary ' 117 Lawrence, G. C Contingencies and salary 143 Law stamps Distributor's account 19 1. revenue . ...... 49 Lebel, J. A. W Salary 142 Le Bulletin, Montreal Subscription 140 LeBlanc, F. X Salary 142 Ledoux, A , 123 Lee, Edward ,. 117 Xiemesurier, J , Refunds 35, 40, 45, 47 172 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page. Lemoine, Alp Salary . 137 Lemoine, J >i 123 Le Petit Canadien, Quebec , Subscription , 140 Lepine, L Salary 123 Le Pionnier Canadien, Hull Subscription 140 Lc Pro'jres de Valleyfield tf 140 Le Soldi, Quebec .... .. 140 Le Temps, Ottawa ,. , 139 V Evaniicliru:, Weyniouth, N. S n 140 LeVasseur, N. Contingencies 149 " M and salary 146 Leveque, H Salary . 136 Levy M. A. Refunds 41 Licenses, Excise , Revenue from 22-23^ Lion Brewing Co Refunds .... 32 List of jjersons emp^loyed by Inland Revenue Department 151 to 160 Listo wel Gas District Contingencies and salary 145 Lithgow, J. T Law stamps 19 Logan, J •.-••. • ■ - Salary , ... . 117 London Electric Light District Contingencies 148 M Excise Division ,, and salaries 117, 118 M Gas District „ and salary 145 Long, W. H Salary 126 Longtin, H „ 123 Lownsborough, W Commission 130 Luke, C Refunds 33 L'Union de St. Hyacinthe Subscription. 140 II des Cantons de VEst, Sherbrooke n 139 II Ouvrierc, Montreal m 139 Lutz, W. H Refunds 31, 34 Lyman Sons & Co Contingencies 129, 137 Lyons, Edward. .Salary. . 117 Macdonald, A. B Duty-pay 132 II Salary 119 Macdonald, A. J n 125 Macdonald, J. A Contingencies and salary 141 Macdonald, Sir W. C Refunds 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 45, 46 Mace, A. W „ 34 Macf arlane, Thomas Salary 136 « II Travelling and other expenses 136 MacKenzie, J. H Salary 120 Mager, J. G ,i ' 143 Magness, Robert .... . Contingencies 149 M II and salaries 143, 147 Mahoney, H ... Distribution of seizures 134 Salary 121 Mail and Empire, Toronto Subscription 139 Mainville, C. P Salary .... 123 Male, Thomas Contingencies and salary 145 Malo, T Duty-pay 132 Salary 122 . Malt— Comparative Statement for 1902-1903and 1903-1904 78-79 II License fees 22-23 It Licenses issued, grain used, quantity produced 74-75 II Quantity taken for consumption 22-23 II Revenue 6 to 8 !• II Comparative Statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 28-29 I. II Refunds 31 to 35 II II Warehouse returns 76-77 II II II Comparative Statement showing increase or decrease for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 78-79 Malt Liquor, Comparative Statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1902-1903 and for 1903-1904 28-29 II II License fees 22-23 II II Licenses issued, materials used and quantity produced 80-81 II II Quantity taken for consumption 22-23 II II Revenue 6 to 8 II II II Comparative Statement of malt liquor manufactured for the years 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 81 Refunds 31 to 35 Manitoba Excise District Contingencies and salary 128 Manitoba Free Press Subscription 140 Manness, S. R Refunds 37 Manufactures in Bond.- Comparative Statement for 1902-1903 and for 1903-1904 100-101 II License fees 2^23 II Licenses issued, materials used and quantity produced 98-99 INDEX 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Manufactures in Bond— Quantity taken for consumption P"^o „ Revenue b to « „ „ Comparative Statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1902-1903 and for 1903-1904 28-29 M 11 Refunds ao ii?Q „ 11 Warehouse returns 102-103 „ „ 1, Comparative Statement showing increase or decrease for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 104-105 Maranda, X. A Salary 12S Maroon, F. E Duty-pay i^- Salary 121 Marentette A - 1^1 Marin, L. H .. 123 Marion, H. R -- ](\ Marsh, R. J. F Commission 1^";^ Marshall, X. .. , Salary 191 Mason, F Duty-pay If ^ Salary 118 Mauray, Jonathan Lessee 11^ Maurice, E Salary 11 J Maveity, Mrs. S Contingencies l^V May, L. A Refunds ff Melville, T. R Salary 11^ Metcalf, W. F h on- ot Methylated Spirits Monthly deposits - ■ • • ^4 to 27 Statement showing revenues and expenditures, pages 62-63, Vote for d4 1, II net receipts . . . 62-63 „ „ quantity of raw material on hand at beginning and end of year 1903-1904, brought in and used during year 1903-1904 109 „ „ quantity of raw material used and quantity produced therefrom . ••■.•••; „ „ quantity of methylated spirits on hand at beginning and end of year, brought in and sold and otherwise accounted for, during the year 1903-1904 109 ,1 II transactions in connection with manufacture of .. . 62-63 Metric System expenditure . . '■^f Votefor 64 Michon, A. E Salary 124 Miller, A Contingencies l'*9 „ II and salary 1-17 MiUer, J. E ... ... 126, 147 ,, Distribution of seizures l-J^ Miller Lock Co Contingencies 129 Miller, W. F >- and salary 11< Miller & Lockwell ' Refunds 3b Millier, E Dutj'-pay 1^2 Salary ~ 122 Milligan G Refunds 37, 39, 41, 43, 46 Milligan, R.J Salary 141 Milliken, E , .. 120 Millish. H Law costs . 1^9 Mill ward, G. W Contingencies ' 148 Minister of Inland Revenue. , Salary, vote for 64 Minor Expenditure, page 21 Details of 136 Revenues i. 20 Votefor o4 Minor Public Works Revenue 'ot „ Kevenue Month- y deposits , ^4 to 27 Molson, J. T Refunds 31 Montebello and Alfred Ferry Lessee 15 Montreal Electric Light Inspection District Contingencies 14^ Excise Division " and salaries 122-123 ,, ,, Distribution of seizures . . . . 134 It Gas District Contingencies and salaries 146 II Weights and Measures .• » 142 Moore, T Salary 125 I, . . Travelling and other expenses 136 Moreau, Aug Duty-pay 132 Salary i22 Moreau, A Salaries 142, 146 Morin J. P Contingencies and salary 142 Mulhera, M. M .. .- ''^^^' loo Mulrooney, G Duty-pay 132 Munn & Co., New York Subscription 13^ Munro, H. D Salaries 12o, 14, Murdoch, J Salary Murphy, J. L • . - 174 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page. Murphy, M , Purchaser 114 Murray, A. E , Salary 121 Murray, D Distribution of seizures 135 Duty-pay 132 M .... Salary 124 McAdam, Thomas Purchaser , 114 McAloney, J. A Contingencies , 147 Salaries '. ' 127, 143 Mc Arthur, G Duty-pay 132 McArthur, G. H Contingencies 129 .....Salary 122 McAuslan, A Contingencies 148 McCarthy, D. J Refunds 31, 32, 33, 34 McCloskey, J. R Salary 125 McCoy, William , Duty-pay 132 " ■ .... Salary 116 McCraney, H. P „ 126 McCuaig, A. F „ 116 McCullough, A , 138 McCutcheon, H M „ ... 126 McDermot, A. C Commission 131 McDonald, A. W Palary 143 McDonald, J „ 141 McDonald, J. F Commission 130 McDonald, R. D Refunds 39,41,43,44,47 McDonald, Rt. Revd. Bishop Lessee 112 McFarland, CD Contingencies . 129 " Salary 117 McFarlane, J .. „ 141 McFee, A. C Duty-pay 132 X Salary 116 McGee,John Refunds 43 McGill, A Salary ... 136 McGowan, G. A Refunds 45 McGuire, L. J Salary 124 McGuire, T. J Commission 130, 131 McGuire, T Salary 118 McHugh, .J Refunds 38,44 Mclntyre, Rt. Rev. Bishop Lessee 112 McKay Milling Co. Ltd „ 110 McKay, R Salary 143 McKay, W. J Contingencies 148 McKenna, A , Refunds. .35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 McKenzie, W Commission 130 McLennan, Prof. J. C Contingencies . 142 McLenaghan, N „ and salary 118 McLeod, Col. J. F Bill stamps account 18 McNee, Archie Lessee 112 McNee, J Refunds 37,41,47 McNiven, J. D Salary 126 McPherson, E. A Duty-pay 132 . M Salary 119 McPherson, J Commission 130 McPhie, D Contingencies 149 " .... „ and salary 145 McPhie, W. H Salary 145 McSween, James Contingencies and salary 121, 122 Nadeau, M Conmiission 130 Nanaimo Gas District Salary 147 Napanee Gas District Contingencies 146 Nash, A. F „ 149 " .1 and salary 145 Nash, S. C „ „ 125 Negretti & Zambra „ 129 Neil, James Salary 122 Nelson, Nels Refunds 32, 33, 35 New Brunswick E.xcise District Contingencies and salary 128 Newby, F Salary 138 New Westminster Gas District 147 Niagara and Youngston Ferry Lessees 15 Nichols, J. T Salary 118 Nicholson, D Refunds 37, 45, 46 Nolan, J. C Purchaser 114 Nolan, J. F Refunds 37,41,43,44,46 Noonan, H. T Salary 119 Normandin, G Distribution of seizures 134 , Salary " 122 INDEX 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. North Bay Times Subscription 140 Oberndorffer, S Refunds 3!) O'Brien Brewing & Malting Co 47 O'Brien, E. C Salary 116 O'Brien, James m II7 O'Brien, .J. F...- ,. '. n? O" Brien, W Refunds 42 Ochsner, R u 32, 35 O'Donnell, J Salary '1I7 O'Donnell, M. -J „ 123 O'Donoghue, M. J « Hg O'Dwyer, P Refunds 33 Oertling, L Contingencies ] 29, 144 Officer's salary Refunds , 47 O'Flaherty, E.J Salary 123 O'Flaherty, M. J 146 O'Keefe, Eugene ... . Refunds 33 Oland, G. W. C , 32,33 O'J jeary, T. J Duty-pay 132 11 Salary 120 Olivier, H Duty-pay 132 n Salary ... 122 Oriental Tobacco Co Refunds 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47 Orr, H.N Salary 116 Osborne, F. A i. 126 0'Sulli\ an, D m 127 Other receipts — Revenue — Comparative statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 28-29 Other receipts Refunds 47 II Revenue from. 7 to 9 1, 11 monthly deposits 24 to 27 Ottawa and Kettle Island Ferry ... Lessee 15 ,, Electric Co ,. 110 I, II Light District ^ Contingencies I49 II 11 Railway Co Lessee 110 11 Excise Division Contingencies and .salaries 118 .1 Gas District n h 146 II Weights and Measures Division n n 141 Otterbein, C Refunds.. 34 Ouellette Street Fenry, Detroit Lessee 15 Owen Sound Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 118 11 Gas District n u 146 Panneton, J. E. . . ; Salary 122 Pape, James ■ •. 146 Papineau ville and Brown's wharf ferry Lessee ' 15 Park, W. A Commission 130 Parker, Thomas Salary I43. Parkinson, E. B Distribution of seizures . . 135 II S-alaries 126, 136 II _ Travelling and other expenses 136 Parson, C. H Salary 127 Part of building, Portland, N.B Lessee 16 Putrie, La, Montreal .... Subscription . . 139 Patry, J. H. . • Salary 123 Patterson, C. E. A 123 Payment, T Contingencies I39 Payne, J. B Refunds V 45 Peel, A Lessee 110 Pedwell, W „ 112 Pelletier, N. G . . Salary 124 Pembroke and Allumette Island Ferry (new lease). .Lessee 15 II II (old lease) ... .1 15 Perkins, Lyman n 110 Perley & Pattee h . 110 Persons emi^loyed by Inland Revenue Department. .List of 151 to 160 Perth Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 118, 119 Peterborough Excise Division n n HJ) II Gas District. h salary 146 . Petit. .7. B Salary 142 Petrie, J. & .J Lessees 110 Petroleum Ins[)eciion Fees 22-23 II Comparative statement for 1902-1903 and 190.3-1904 97 Return of Canadian i>etroleum and naphtha inspected during 1903-1904 96 Pictou Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 125 • I II Distribution of seizures 135 II Weifrhts and Measures Division Contmgencies and salaries 143 Poirier, J. N Salary 124 176 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page. Pole, C. W. Salary 116 Port Arthur E.tcise Division Contingencies and salaries. . 119 Portelance, P. A Salary 124 Postmaster, Ottawa .... Postage 139 Post Office Department Bill stamp account 18 Potvin, Nap ... Contingencies 129, 139, 144, 150 Salary 138 Pound, J. T Commission ; 130 Powell, Alex Purchaser 114 Powell, J. B ...... Contingencies . . 129 11 Salary 116 Power, J. F „ ... 126 Prefontaine, F. H ,. 142 Pre.3cott Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 119 II and Ogdensburg Ferry Lessee 15 Presse, La, Montreal Subscription 139 Preventive Service General statement of expenditures and salaries 16 11 Vote for 64 Pritchard, Andrews Co., The Contingencies 129, 144, 148, 150 Proctor, G. A „ 148 Progres ie Windsor Subscription , 140 Protean & Carignan. Refunds 32 Provost, I Contingencies and salary 149 Quain, Redmond Salary 138 Quebec Electric Light Inspection Disti-ict Contingencies 149 11 Excise District ,, and salary 128 II M Division u and salaries 123, 124 Gas District .. .. 146 11 Harbour Commissioners Lessees 110 11 Weights and Measures Division Contingencies and salaries. . . 142 Queenston and Lewiston Ferry (new lease) Lessee 15 Quinn, J. D Dutv-pay . . . 132 .• Salarj- 124 Quyon Ferry . . Lessee 15 Ralston, T Duty-pay 132 Salary 122 Ranger, D. V., & Co Refunds 47 Rankin John Lessee 110 Rau, Mary Refunds 31, 34 Raw leaf tobacco taken for consumption 22-23 Ready, .Tames Refunds 32 Refunds of Revenue 30 to 47 Reid, John Lessee , 112 Reid, Robert (estate of) Purchaser 114 Reinhardt, C. S Refunds 31 Reinhardt, L 31, 34 Renaud, A. H Salary 122 Rennie, G Contingencies and salaries 120, 146 Revenue, Casual 20 11 Electric Light Inspection 60 11 Exci.se 3 to C 11 Gas Inspection 56-57 11 General account 3 11 Hydraulic and other rents 14 11 Law stamps 49 II Methylated spirits 62-63 Minor Public Works 15-16 II Monthly deposits 24-27 II Sundry minor revenue 20 II Weights and Mea^sures . ... 50-51 Richard, D Salary 142 Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co Lessee 110 Ridgman, A. H Salary 127 Rinf ret. Dr. C. I Contingencies 129 •I 11 and salary 128 Ripstein Bros Refunds 43 Ritchie, A. J Salary 147 Ritchie, H , 121 Ritchie, W Lessee 110 Robert, A Salary 139 Robertson, D. and Rowland, J Lessees 110 Robins, S. W Salary 141 Robinson, LA Refunds , 35 Robitaille, Cyrille Lessee 112 Robitaille ife'Roy Law costs '. . 129 Roche, H. G Contingencies 149 INDEX 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Roche, H. G ■ Contingencies and salary 146 Rochester. John Lessee 110 Rock City Tobacco Co., The ■ Refunds 41 RocklifiF e and Gatineau Point Ferry Lessee 1.5 Rork, Thos Contingencies and salary 146 Salary 119 Rose, J. A 11« Ross, H. E Salaries 126, 143 Ross, W. T Commission 130 Rouleeu, J. C Salary 124 „ Travelling and other expenses. 136 Rousseau, E. H Salary 124 Rowan, W. E .. 119 Roy, J. A Refunds 33 Roy, L. G Salary 138 Rudkins, W Contingencies and salaries .... 119 Ryan, William Salary 123 Sandwich and Detroit Ferry Lessee 15 Sangster, F. H Salary .. 119 Sarnia Gas District Contingencies and salary . 146 Saucier, X ,. .- 126,143 Sault St. Marie Ferry Lessee 15 Schlueter, W. J Refunds 36, 46 Schmoter, A., & Sons ... « 38, 41 Schoenith, G " 34 School Trustees, Rondeau Harbour Lessees 110 Schram,R.L Salary 120 Schwan, W . . . .Refunds 34 Scott, -J Salary 141 Scott & Bennett Contingencies 148 Scullion, W. .J Duty-pay 132 Salary 122 Seagram, J. E Refunds 31 Seaton, R. B., & Co 35,36,37,38 Seivert, J. G 37,43 Seizures — Distribution of 134, 135 ,1 Excise — Comparative statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1902 1903 and 1903-1904 ' 28-29 ir II Recapitulation of 135 II II Revenue 6, 8 II Revenue Monthly deposits 24 to 27 Shanacy, M Contingencies and salary 145 Salary ' 120 Shareholder, The, Montreal Subscription 140 Shaw, .T. F Salary 138 Shea, Patrick Refunds 35 Shedrick, C. E Contingencies 150 Sherbrooke Electric Light District m 149 II , Excise Division h and salaries 124 M Gas District h and salary 146 Sick, F Refunds 35 Silver Spring Brewery, Ltd u 34 Simon, H. 39. 43, 45 Simon, Leiser & Co m 45 Simpson, A. F Contingencies 149 II II and salaries 124. 146 Simpson, W. A Salary 120 Sinon, E. H . . Contingencies and salary 116 Skead late Hon. James (Estate of) Lessee 110 Skinner & Co Contingencies 139 Slattery, Ralph Salary 118 Slattery, Thomas i. 141 Sleeman, G. A. , Refunds 35 Sleeman. B. & M. Co., The i.' 31, 32, 34 Sloan, Wm Distribution of seizures , 134 I. ^ Salary. 116 Small, F. . B Commission 130, 131 Smith, J Refunds. 37,38,41,43,44,47 Smith, J. C Salary 141 Ssowden, J. W 122 Snuff, quantity taken for consumption 22-23 Solomon, E Refunds 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 Sparhng, J. W Salary 126 Sjjeers, .Jacob Duke Lessee . ll'i Spence, F. H Salary U6 Spereman, J. .T i 117 Spirits —Distilleries, transactions 68-69 178 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page. Spirits — License fees 22-23- 1. Licenses issued, materials used and quantities produced . . 6G " " M II comparative statement for 1902- 1903 and for 1903-1904 67 ., Quantity taken for consumption 22-23 .1 Revenue 6 to 8 M .1 Comparative statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 28-2» M ir Refunds 30, 31 II M Return of manufactures 06 .1 M Warehouse returns 70-71 .1 « .1 Comparative statement for 1902 1903 and 1903-1904 72-73 Spratt, Joseph Lessee 110 Sproule, W. H . . . . ..... Contingencies 139 Stamps — Bill — Distributors' account 18 ir Electric Light Distributors' account 60 II 11 Revenue 49 II Gas Distributors' account 56-57 II II Revenue , 49 11 Law Distributors' account 19 Revenue 4& .1 Revenue , 49 II Weights and Measures Distributors' account 50-51 II II II Revenue 49 Standish, J. G Salary 116 Stanley, T. D , Commission 130 Statistics Appendi.x A 65 to 108 Stevens, D. B Salary 127 Stevenson, George Contingencies 148 Stevenson, Thomas . . Refunds 33 ' Stewart, James Salary 117 Storr, A. M . . . Contingencies. 139 Stratford ICxcise Division „ and salaries ... 120 .1 Gas District n salary 146 Stratton, W. C „ and salaries 128 Steel, J. J Refunds 34 Stevenson, G Contingencies 148 Stevenson. J. K . Commission . . 130 Street, A. F „ 130 Stuart, W. E Salary 145 Sullivan, Timothy Purchaser , 114 Sundry Minor Revenue General statement of ■% Superior, B. & M. Co., Ltd, The Refunds 33 Sutherland, J. P „ 35 Swannell, F. W Salary 126 Swift, E. G Refunds 30, 31 St. Catharines Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 120 St. Hyacmthe Electric Light District h h 149' II Excise Division. n n 124 11 Gas District Salary 147 I! Weights and Measures Division Contingencies and salaries 142 St. John (N.B.) Electric Light Inspection District. . n n 149 I Excise Division ... n h 125 II Gas District n i. 147 11 Weights and Measures Division .... h n 142 St. Leonard and Van Buren Ferry Lessee 15 St. Michel, F. X Salary 123 Talbot, J 1, ' 118 Tansey, C. E Refunds 41 Taschereau, C. E . . . , Contingencies 144 Tate, Robt Refunds 32, 35 Taylor, G. W Duty-pay 132 II Salary 122 Taylor, H Distribution of seizures 135 Taylor, H. J Refunds 34 Taylor, J „ 44 Taylor, S Contingencies 141 Teleiiraph Publishing Co., St. John Subscription 139 Tellier, J. A Refunds 33 Temps, Lf\ Ottawa Subscription 139 Tennant, J. F Commission 130 Tetreau, Nereg Lessee 110 Tetreault, J Salary 124 The Bell Telephone Co Messages 139 The Banner Neivx, Chatham Subscription 139 The Bronson Co Lessee 110 The Bronson & Weston Lumber Co i 110 INDEX " " 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. The Chronicle, Montreal Subscription 140 The Chronicle Publishing Co., Halifax, N. S .. 137 The Confcderutc, MovmtFore&t " 140 The Danebrofj Contingencies 129 The Fanner's Advocate Subscription 140 The Gazette, Montreal -> 139 The a. E. Tucket & Son Co Refunds 35, 36, 38, .39, 40, 42, 43 44, 45, 40 Tfec Jo (rrnrt/, St. Catharines Subscription 140 The Nation, New York •• 140 The New.% Toronto ■• 139 The Ottawa Electric Co Contingencies 150 The Ottawa Electric Kailwav Co •■ 139 The Prit«hard & Andrews Co .. 129, 144, 148, 150 The Saskatchewan Subscription 140 Th^ Shareholder, Montreal n • • 140 The Times, Hamilton " 139 The Toremto World m 140 Thomas, J.S Salary 141 Thomas. R ; Duty-pay 132 Salary 122 Thompson, Abraham Purchaser 114 Thompson & Perkms Lessees 110 Thorbum, Jas Contingencies 129 Salary 126 Thornton & Truman , Contingencies . . : . 129, 144, 150 Thrasher, W. A Salary 117 Three Rivers Electric Light District. Contingencies and salary . 149 t< .. Excise Division. >• salaries 125 M .. Weights and Measures Division. ... .■ n 142 Tietzen, W Refunds 45 Till, T. M Salarv 116 Timmons, P - 123 Timmons. R " 124 Tobacco, Canadian Twist Commission on sale of stamps. .... 131 ,. Comparative statement for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 89 ., „ ,. Quantity taken for consumption 22-23 M <• .< Statement of the revenue collected for year 1903-1904 89 .. Factories Insi)ector of 128 II License fees 22-23 Comparative statement for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 83 I. II issued, material used arid quantity produced 82 i. Quantity taken for consumption 22-23 Raw leaf 22-23 „ .. scrap and ctittings, duty collected on actual weights 86-87 11 II warehouse returns 86-87 comparative statement for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 88 .. Revenue 6 to 8 .. ,1 Comparative monthly statement showing increase or decrease for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 28-29 II I, refunds 35 to 47 « II warehouse returns 84 comparative statement for 1902-1903 and 1903-1904 85 11 SnufiF — Quantity taken for consumption _ 22-23 II Stamps Commission 131 „ „ CI vote for 64 Tobin, .Tohn & Co Refunds 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44 Tobin, T. S Salary 124 Todd, M. N Refunds 32 Todd, M. U .1 34 Tomlinson, W. M Salary 142 Tompkins, P Distribution of seizures 135 Salary 125 Toronto Brew, and Malt Co Refunds 33 Toronto Electric Light Inspection District Contingencies 149 Excise Division " and salaries 120, 121 „ 1, Distribution of seizures 134 11 Gas District Contingencies and salaries 146 1. Satnrdaii Might Subscription 139 V „ Weights and Measures Division Contingencies and salaries 1 41 Toronto World, The Subscription 140 Toupin, F. X. J. A Commission on tobacco stamps 131 ,1 Contingencies and salary 122 Tracy,J.P Salary ". 118 Trasher, W. A .. 117 Traversy, F. X Duty-pay 132 Tremaine, S Refunds .S6 12—12 180 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Pagk. Tribune Publishing Co., Winnipeg Subscription 139 Truuipour, G Salary 138 Tuckett Cigar Co., Ltd., The Refunds 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 Tuckett, G. E. & Son Co., Ltd 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 4.5, 46 Tuckett, G. T ,, 43, 45, 46 Uluianu, E Contingencies ' 144 Union Brewing Co., Ltd Refunds 32, 33, 35 Valade, F. X •. Food analysis 137 Valin, J. A Salary 137 A'alin, J. E , 138 Valleau, A. S Commission 131 Vancouver Breweries, Ltd Refunds 32,33,35 .. Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 126-127 " ;> Distribution of seizures 135 u Gas District Contingencies and salaries 147 Veniot, P. J Commission 130 Verner, F Salary 122 Verner, T. H „ 126 Victoria Electric Light District.. Contingencies 149 E.xcise Division i, and salaries , 127 .1 Gas District ,, and salary 147 " Weights and Measures Division .i and salarie.s 143 Victoria rhtenix Brewing Co Refunds 32, 33 Vinegar License fees 22-23 Duty accrued 22-23 1. Re\enue, comparative statement of manufactures for the Years 1902-03 and for 1903-04. . 101 II Statement showing number of gallons manufactured in 1903-1904 99 Wainwright, F. G Salary 125 Walker, J. H ,i 126 Walkerville Brewing Co., Ltd Refunds 32, 33 Waller, .John Duty-pay 132 I Salary 124 Walsh, D. J Duty-pay 132 II Salary 122 Walsh, W. H „ 121 Ward, W Refunds 38,43,47 Warden, R. S. R Salary 117,121 Wartig, B. J . . Refunds 47 Watson, A Salary 139 Watson, J. W „ 126 Watson, John Refunds . . . .' 33 Watson. V. M Salary 139 Watson, W. W , 138 Waugh, Richard J Salaries 136,143 II Travelling and other expenses 136 Webbe, C. E. A Salary 118 ^\'elJster, .Tas. S Contingencies 148 Webster, W. R Refunds 45 Weights and Measures Contingencies, vote for 64 II 11 Deputy Inspector's account (old divisions). 52 11 II Expenditures (old divisions) 55 11 11 II pages 53-54— Details of 141 to 144 II II Inspection Divisions in account with ex- penditure .53-54 II •• Inspection Divisions in account with revenue 50 to 54 II 11 ... Inspectors" account 50-51 11 If Monthly deposits 24 to 27 11 II Revenue 49 II II Salaries, vote for. 64 II II Special vote for 64 II II Stamps revenue 49 Weir, J Salary 121 Weis, Frank Refunds S6 Westbrooke & Hacker n 34 Westman, Thomas Salary 138 Weston Electrical Instrument Co Contingencies *. 150 Weyms, C Duty-pay 132 Salary 116 Whalev, H. R Refunds 41 Wheatlev, A. E Salary 141 Whelan,T. C. 119 White, J. B 119 White, F Refunds 34 White, T. P 31 Whiteliead, .T. P Salary .... 118 Whitehead, Mrs. J Contingencies.. 129 INDEX 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Whitney, A Refunds 34 Whyte, J. A Salary 146 Wiarton Docks Lessee 16 Wickwire, W. N.. Refunds 32, 33, 35 Wilherg, B „ 36 Wilhud, R. A Salary 118,136 M ... Travelling expenses .... 139 Williams, S Lessee 110 Williams & Wilson Contingencies 1.50 Wilson, Andrew Refunds 35, 37, 39, 40, 43, 45, 47 Wilson, D Salary 117 Wilson, D. H Refunds. 34 Wilson, J. E Contingencies 149 ,. Salary 147 Wil.'? cts. '1899-1900 35,.o2.3 50 '1900-01 37,536 57 1901-02 45,663 05 1902-03 • 49,054 55 1903-04 i 50,218 75 § cts. 26,424 48 28,247 20 33,328 48 36,0(J6 47 33,426 15 * Exclusive of cost of standard instruments. The kindred service of weights and measures inspection, it will be observed, earns about four-fifths of its annual cost, the expenditure as already stated ha^^ng been 684,768.82, against a revenue of 866,355.19. In my report of last year I leferred to the fact that the Chief Inspector of Weights and Measures had visited the inspection districts in the eastern portion of the Dominion, and that, during the year just closed, he would be able to" visit the remaining districts. This has now been done, all districts having been visited except the Yukon, and the Department is of the opinion that a much greater etficiency will result from the inspection made and the instructions given. Sample sets of metric weights and measures are still being supplied to educational institutions throughout the country. Up to the present time nearly 450 of these sets have been sent out from the Department. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, Auo-ust 19, 1904. 1.3— B 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 A. 1905 APPENDIX A. Statement of Weights and Measures Expenditures and Receipts for the Year ended June 30, 190i. Divisions. Insi^ectors BeUeville. Hainilton. Ottawa . . , Toronto Johnson, Wm Slattery, T Irwin, S Errett, R. W Johnston, Chs. W Gallagher, F Freed, A. T McDonald, J Marentette, A . . . . Fitzgerald, E. W. Laidnian, R. H. . . Wheatley. E. A. . . Jarvis, H Robins, S. H ]Macdonald, J. A Elliott, T. H ... McFarlane, .Jas. . Breen, J Winsor, J ..... . Findley, Robt... Scott, Jos Windsor . Kelly, D Milligan, R. J . Wright, R Murdoch, .J. . . . Smith, J. C... Hayward, W. .J. Coughlin, D . . . . Thomas, J. S. . Hughes, R. A . . Ontario Expenditures. 2,908 02 P5 tog .S a Receipts. S cts. 8 cts. S cts.i .8 cts. -S cts.i -S cts.^ .S- cts. 666 35 345 00 1,158 75 57S 26 5,656 38' 3,352 05 6,699 76! 1,263 96 4,316 40 308 18 4,299 80 250 00 3,799 76| , 22,023 74 974 53 595 00 1,232 67 1,707 42 1,654 73 111 12 200 23 154 199 03 7,017 53 1,243 10 8,074 84 8,781 48 6,307 48 161 68 5,653 2 31,853 90 8,587 65 6,834 12 9,540 74 37,096 04 13—1 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX A— Continued. Statement of Weights and Measures Expenditures and Receipts for the Year ended June 30, 1904. — Continued. Divisions. Montreal , Inspectors. Chalus, .J. O Daoust, J. A Gervais, S. . . Hebert, J. A. P Boudet, E. . . Collins, D. . . Baker, J. S.. Dessert, V . . Quebec . St. Hyacinthe. Three Rivers St. -John. Guay, Geo. N LeBel, J. A. W Kelly, M. J . . . Guay, Alijh. . Petit, J. B... Prefontaine, R Knowles, Chas Bourget, L. J. Moreau, A Morin, J. P . Tomliuson, W. JVI Fournier, L. A Beaulac, J. H. , Therien, J. F . Gravel, A. I. Beaulac, J. H Bolduc, E Quebec. Cape Breton. Halifax Barry, .J as Cowan, E Richard, D Bernier, .J. A. Leblanc, F. X . Laurence, G. C. Pictou . Charlottetown P.E.I. Frame, A Waugh, R. ,J . . . . Sargent, W Dustan, W. M 1 Chisholm, J.J .... ) Nova Scotia Dsivy, E . . . Hughes, H Expenditures. S cts. 6,866 28 6,449 76 $ cts. 2,849 88 499 92 1,549 92 17,715 84 2,954 78 850 00 1,599 96 1,649 92 4,099 88 1,549 92 499 92 799 92 799 92 Pi $ cts. 126 75 126 75 50 00 .300 00 350 00 si .$ cts. 1,278 48 1,532 03 1,234 20 691 71 4,736 42 458 56 394 45 461 68 152 41 1,00b 54 154 41 $ cts. ?33 37 257 49 94 65 9 66 695 17 106 44 20 33 174 70 69 80 264 83 $ cts. 8,604 88 Receipts. $ cts. 9,363 38 8,239 28 4,678 65 2,251 29 23,774 10 3,519 78 1,314 78 3,336 20 1,872 13 6,523 17 79 74 1,784 07 3,701 35 2,893 59 1,445 59 17,403 91 2,168 70 637 11 1,183 41 444 05 2,265 i7 378 63 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX A—Conchcded. Statement of Weights and Measures Expenditures and Receipts for the year ended June 30, 1904. — Concluded. Inspectors. Expenditures. - Divisions. ± 6 a f~* J, CO "^ So '^< " m $ cts 378 31 a S cts. Travelling Expenses. Sundries. "is 1 Receipts. Winnipeg, Man. Magness, R McDonald, A. W.. Girdlestone,R.J.M. Ross, H. E " McKay, R Gilby,"W. F , Saucier, X I Costello, J. W / Findley, H ^ McAloney, J. A... ^ Parker, thos j .$ cts. 3,921 39 <)49 92 1,849 80 S cts. 1,579 41 S cts. 138 60 § Cts. 6,017 71 S Cts. 5,269 49 Calgar}% N.W.T. 323 30 1,484 86 1,273 22 753 20 180 00 Victoria, B.C. 122 95 3,637 61 1,020 05 RECAPITULATION. Ontario Quebec . . . New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island . Manitoba North-west Territories . . British Cohuiibia .... Chief inspector General contingencies. . Metric system Printing Stationery . . 22,023 74 17,715 84 2,954 78 4,099 88 1,549 92 3,921 39 949 92 1,849 80 2,500 00 974 53 499 92 595 00 126 75! 799 92 350 00 378 31 180 00 57,565 27 2,652 68 1,251 75 17,392 88 5,906 24 7,017 53 4,736 42 458 56 1,008 .54 154 41 1,579 41 323 30 1,484 86 629 85 1,243 10 695 17 106 44 264 831 79 74 138 60 122 95 16 30 1,888 51 425 33 746 97 178 30 31,853 90 23,774 10 3,519 78 6,523 17 1,784 07 6,017' 71 1,273 22 3,637 61 3,146 15 1,888 .51 425 33 746 97 178 30 84,768 82 096 04 ,403 91 ,168 70 ,265 17 378 63 ,269 49 753 20 ,020 05 66,355 19 Inlaxd Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J GERALD, Deputy Ministe7\ 13—11 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return of Weights and Measures Inspected during the Fiscal Year ended June 30, each Division, for each Province Weights. Measures of Capacity. Inspection Dominion Troy. Miscellaneous Dominion. Miscellaneous Offices. o « £> pa 3 > -6 t at 1 r-: : ■a 1 'S si f1 pa 1 100 ■■c > 1 5i| "is "S !•- 6c t< pa o 'S -6 S o c -g bet- D 12 51 21 436 o "a pi Ontario. Belleville 2,226 9,693 1.844 2,226 9,642 1.794 'si 50 1 100 8,296 5,077 2,338 9,649 24,760 8,296 5,075 2,254 9,649 i 55 4 84 21 436 524 4,902 4,962 5,337 5,337 24,760 1 101 101 85 470 86 Totals 24,062 23,961 101 5 50,120 50,034 520 4 Quebec. i 10,674 10.568 7,790; 7,441 3,3371 3,3h5 2,084; 2,084 106 85 475 23,421 6,816 3,653 1,922 23,409 12 6,808 8 348 56 43 5 348 Quebec. St. Hyacinthe Three Rivers . ... 349 56 ... 2 3,652 1,922 1 43 ... . 6 6 5 5 . . . . 561 Totals 23,885 23,428 457'.... 566 35,812 35,791 21 452 199 452; ... Ne^v Brv.nsivick. 3,962 3,962 8 8 4,974 4,974 199 Nova Scotia. Cape Breton Halifax 494 1 502 481 13 1 16 1 15 .... 390 1,249 604 387 1,245 604 3 4 28 108 39 175 1 27 98 .1 453i 453 38 1 1 17 16 1 7 Totals 2,449 2,436 13 ! 2,243 2,236 163 1 ^?. Prince Edward Islawl. 462 462 12^1 124 Manitoba. 1 1 318! 318 2,109 2,109 1 514 514 2,500 10 93 10 93 103 Winnipeg 2,500 • ' Totals 2,427 2,427 3,014 3,014 103 British Columbia. 510 .51 0 151 151 1 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 B. 1904, showing the Total Number brought for Verification, Verified and Rejected, for and for the whole Dominion. 1 Balance.s, &c. Me.^s URES OF VGTH. Le Equal Armed. Steelyards PIatf( Weigh mil Seal Bridges, es. Miscellaueou.s. c =-.£ a^ 5^1 -2^ eg 73 1 0 '3? _2 y= •^ 1. 0 q M > ^. f-/\ > ^ p > 2^ r^ > P^ pq > 169 169 .392 392 80 80 2,033 2,033 109 ■ 109 1,957 1,918 39 2,294 2,233 61 2,289 2,244 45 6,006 5,685 321 1,232 1,226 6 384 379 5 346 305 41 10 8 2 2,412 2,276 136 5,803 5,770 33 947 947 l,Or,l 1,061 327 327 3,525 3,525 812 812 .... 263 263 1,029 1,025 5,016 4 245 244 i 48 6,131 6,083 48 94 94 3,720 3,676 44 5,122 106 2,951 2,903 20,107 19,602 505 8,050 8,011: 39 2,148 2,146 2 2,141 2,105 36 922 893 29 5,639 5,529 1 1 1 llOl 408 397 11 860 801 59 1,258 1,210 48 164 1.58 6 1,979 1,904 75 65 64] 1 338 338 551 532 19 116 110 6 2,113 2,020 93 58 58; ... . 137 137 61 339 4,289 339 4,186 37 37.... 1,011 1,009 2 4 4 ... 3,483 3,422 103 1,239 1,198 41 10,742 10,462 280 535 523 12 1 -- 46 46 714 711 3 71 71.... 1,157 1,154 3 216 216 119 110 9 114 112 2 12 12!... 305 296 9 49 49 61 61 344 3361 8| 55 53i 2 820 778 42 173 171 2 39 ' 39 99 99! ... . 8 8 .... 264 255 91 13 13 219 210 9 557 j 547 10 75 73 2 1,.389 1,329 60 235 233 2 4 1 4 92 ' 1 92*. . . . r 9 .... 302 302 17 17 213 213 62 62 ... . 12 1 i 1 12 . . . 363 362 1 72 72|.... 262 1 262 1 1.... 427 489 1 427 ... . 489 ... . 86 9S 80 1 1 2,800 2,759 41 ' 247 246 1 475 475 .... 97 3,103 3,121 42 319 318 1 3 3 139 139 ... . 54 1 54 ... . 1 1 594 594 95 .a INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return of Weights and Measures Inspected during the Fiscal Year ended June 30, each Division, for each Province, R E C A P I T Weights. M EASURES OF CAPACITY. Dominion. Troy Miscellaneous Dominion. Miscellaneous IiNSPKCTIOX Offices . S3 !3 c g s ^.2 p.y ^.2 ^,.2 ^..2 O i^ o += O if o -« 0 -k^ >*- cS «»- cS . ;«- cS <*-. ^ c; cs 1 i3 U ected ught erific «3 1 tic"S 1 2!> i '»■ ?.> 0/ '^ ?> S '5? S'^ « EJ* M > rt 33 > pi M > M « > P4 86 .594 590 « 24,062 23,961 ini 101 101 50,120 50,034 35,791 4,974 4 Quebec. . . . 23,885 3,962 23,428 457 566 561 5 35,812 4,974 ''I 45'^ 459 New Brunswick 3,962 8 8 199 199 Nova Scotia 2,449 2,436 13 17 16 1 2,243 2,236 7 175 163 1*2 Prince Edward Island. 462 2,427 462 2,427 124 3,014 151 124 3,014 151 1 103 1 103 Manitoba 510 510 114 1,454 1,438 571 692 686 57,757 57,186 6] 96, 438 96,324 1& Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 B. — Continued. 1904, showing the Total Number brought for Verification, Verified and Rejected, for and for the whole Dominion. ULATIO^ • Balances, &c. Measures of Length. Equal Armed. Steelyards. Platform Scales, Weigh Bridges, &c. Miscellaneous. c" a c c a ^.2 ^° . s-.S ,..2 u° O -If o -« o += O -w 1 O -6 3 Oj y= 1 o f 2> .* 0) 2> a '57 2> ® 1 a? ?.> (0 '^ w > 44 5,122 > 5,016 « pq > ^ ffl > !.P5 pq > « 3,720 3,676 106 2,951 2,903 48 20.107 19,602! 505 8,050 8,011 39 3,483 3,422 61 4,289 4,186 103 1,239 1,198 41 10,742 10,462 280 535 523 12 46 46 714 711 3 71 71 1,157 1,154 3 216 216 219 210 y 557 5471 10 75 73 2 1,389 1,329 60 235 233 2 . 4 4 92 92!.... 9 9 302 302 17 17 475 475 489 489 ... . 98 97 1 3,163 3,121' 42 319 318 1 3 3 139 139 .... 54 ,54 594 594 95 95 7,950 7,836 114 11,402 11,180 222 4,497 4,405 92 37,454 36,564 890 9,467 9,413 54 w . J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 8 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return showing the Number of Dominion "Weights and Lineal Measures of each Fiscal Year ended Do VIINION Inspection Divisions. Avoir o ' to 1 1 i I i 1 1 0 9 10 1 1 CO 01 j2 r-l 0 CO to 0 g Ontario. Belleville % 53 17 1 100 34« 93 123 104 165 173 123 227 244 932 290 1,746 322 535 479 430 2,636 336 1,076 1,080 357 2,567 252 1,016 1,007 246 508 203 465 550 210 438 147 371 511 175 Hamilton 48 80 2 14 10 9 430 Ottawa .... Toronto ... 2 14 96 373 Windsor ... 495 128 269 83 7 15 17 Totals 44 104 26 140 6 7 768 3,372 772 521 430 266 5,558 , 5,199 1,972 1,677 1,067 982 384 268 1,569 365 s' 46 22 73 Quebec. Montreal Quebec 539 414 198 149 451 575 155 137 1,822 1,110 618 360 1,847 1,110 573 337 1,234 1,037 389 281 946 828 St. Hyacinthe Three Rivers . . 2 9 2 284 165 365 352 22 32 Totals 130 179 19 1,300 1,318 1,989 3,910 3,867 2,941 2,701 2,223 New Brmisivick. St. John i 1 2 7 189 . 292 316 901 768 452 356 300 Nova Scotia. Cape Breton 22 * 1 11 10 15 5 4 26 17 2 68 41 f 7 38 87 17 117 130 64 107 418 111 61 330 103 19 145 35 6 103 31 3 Halifax 91 Pictou 30 Totals 22 12 15 19 45 116 142 bll 636 494 199 140 124 Prince Edward Island Charlottetown 8 17 44 137 100 52 35 33 97 Manitoba. Winnipeg 6 2 1 33 73 220 500 438 156 137 137 North-west Territories Calgary 9 7 36 63 60 25 23 23 Britiah Columbia. Victoria 9, 5 23 18 146 128 75 41 29 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 c. Denomination presented for Verification in each Inspection Division during the June 30, 1904. Weights. ■dupois. 129: 409! 67 1 335 1 4551 694 620 191 86 1,591 134 ^ t h 'C T3 -c =c Tf (N 1 Lineal Measures. 14 66| 262 i 88 35 14 190 266 125 109 5, 2| 13| 18 31 54 24 3 ],395 819' 350 79 317 212 72 19 124! 32 191 64 76 8 5 2 1 1 620. 180 78 85 224 96: 39 1 c^ 2,226' . 9,693 . 1,8441 4,962i . 5,337 1. 24,062 10,674 7,790 3,337 2,084 2: 2.3,885 3,962 36 12 1 14: 8 2 50 20 3, 4 494 1,502 453 29 6 1 101 ; 72 35, 38 2li 15 4 2,109 318 1 100 101 85] 475; 61 169 1,957 384 947 263 3,720 1 • c a a' ^ a •^ 1-—' "3 $'fd. a ^*- a. i' sh 2,148 860 338 137 566 ........! 3,483 8 .... 46 2,449 .. i; 402 . . . 119 61 39 219 262 1 206, 6 169 1,957 384 947 263 3,720 2.14S SCO 137 3,483 46 119 61 39 219 262 213: 27 11, 5, 510 I I 3 . 10 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return showing the number of Dominion Weights and Lineal Measures of each Year ended Dominion Inspection Divisions. Avoir i i i i i 1 "2 14 1 © 1-1 9 2 13 0 1 1 -d X a: g 1 Ontario. Belleville Hamilton Ottawa 48 80 128 27 6 .fii 100 348 83 123 104 165 1(39 116 227 244 290 1,743 307 430 2,628 •«9 357 2,557 245 1,016 1,007 246 501 202 465 550 210 432 146 371 511 175 425 95 Toronto ... Windsor 10 17 9 1 535; 1,076 479, 1,080 373 495 Total 17 43 102 758 921 3,354 5,446 5,182 1,964 1,670 1,563 Quebec. ^lontieal 365 269 73 7 15 8 22 46 Ofi 533 395 198 149 1,275 447 540 154 137 762 497 430 266 1,803 1,049 618 360 1,824 1,049 573 337 1,221 978 389 281 1,056 944 384 268 936 808 Quebec 69, 132 9' 6 2 7 19fi 171 St. Hyacinthe 283 Three Rivers. . . . 165 3()5 342 22 22 1 11 32 Total 1,278 1,955 3,830 3,783 2,869 2,652 2 192 Neic Brunswick. St. John 2 7 19 189 292 316 901 768 452 356 300 JV^ova Scotia. Cape Breton 10 13 5' 4 25 17 2 66 41 7 38 87 17 117 130 64 104 418 111 56 330 103 19 145 35 6 103 31 3 Halifax 9L Pictou 30 22 12 15 Total 17 44 114 142 311 633 489 199 140 124 Prince Edward I dcnul. Charlottetown 8 17 44 137 100 52 35 33 27 Manitoba. Winnipeg 6 2 1 33 9 73 220 500 438 156 137 137 North-west Territories Calgary 7 36 63 60 25 23 23 British Columbia. Victoria 2 5 23 18 146 128 75 41 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 (3 — Continued. Denomination, Inspected and Verified in each Inspection Division during the Fiscal June 30, 1904. Weights. 1 "5 s -t 8 1 1 1 Lineal Measures. i s dupois. * 0 '6 1-1 >> — ;?! 4^ c 0 c 0 13 c J g 5 c o cc 1-1 •5 i "B 0 S 129- 66 405 259 14 87 14 125 109 5 13 6 31 24 2 18 " 1 2,226 9,642 1,794 4,962 5,337 1 100 169 1,918 169 1,918 379 947 263 3,676 66: 35 11.... 54! ... . 3 . . 379; . . 947! . . 263 . . 3,676 . . 335 190 455 266 101 1,390 816 349 79 78 1 23,961 686 315 212 72 124 32 19 5 180 39 64 8 5 1 78 1 76 10,568 • 7,441 3,335 2,084 85 2,146 2,146 801 338 137 610 6; 2 2 .... 1 .... 470 80l| . . 338 -. 191 86 19 6 --- 137 3,422 46 110 61 39 210 6 1,573 618 85i 2 23,428 561 3,422 46 110 61 39 210 4 262 213 3 224 9fi 3.962 8 1 15 481 1..O02 1 '""36 14 71 12 8 1 . . . . 2 4 3 4 I - 1 35 38 25 4.o3 .. - 97 50 20 1 72 15 5 2,436 16 .... . 29 6 101 21 462 . 4 262 206 1 134 2,109 ■ 1 23 4 8 318 27I 11 510 3 1.... 12 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX, Return showing the number of Dominion Weights and Lineal Measures of each June 30, Don INION Inspection Avoir Divisions. tc !B J2 aj DO M to 03 a: '", ai X! .fl Xi .JO c o o O O •~* '-^- K. CO (M o ■* M IM I-H 00 ^ (M Ontario. Belleville - Hamilton 4 3 8 10 7 6 Ottawa . . 1 2 10 7 15 4 7 1 1 Toronto Windsor — Total 1 2 10 11 18 12 17 8 7 Quebec. Montreal 6 4 10 19 23 13 11 10 Quebec 10 4 8 19 35 24 61 Gl 59 38 20 St. Hyacinthe 1 1 Three Rivers 10 Total 4 8 25 40 34 80 84 72 49 31 iVc!'.- Brimsivick. St. .John 2 1 2 3 5 Wova Scotia. Cape Breton Halifax Pictou Total Prince Edward I inland Charlottetown -- ^_i: -— - Winnipeg JVorth-west Territories. _____ Calgary British Columbia. Victoria Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 ;C — Co7icluded. Denomination, Rejected in each Inspection Division during the Fiscal Year ended 1904. Weight. -2 S m D O m G S. 13 u 1 Lineal Measures. i dupois. -d ^ >» t3 ^1 1 o rt(M i-H o a) c o c a 1 1 CO 3 00 i o OnUtrio. Belleville 254 14 1,1391 1,0471 1,310 697 365 1,551 2,661 1,089 835 556 1,310 5,065 1,523 1,843 747 2,898 6,593 1,600 998 419 2,796 7,623 310 304 112 368 765 24 2 35 27 28 "i 1 16 18 8,296 5,075 2,254 9,649 24,760 12 51 21 436 1.39 Hamilton ; Ottawa 77' 304 1 18 111 184 487 357 1,001 102 Toronto 388 1,181 462 393 Totals 1,837 1,815 1,910 6,584 8,855 13,604 13,436 1,859 116 50,034 520 2,097 Quehec. 467 882 2,625 1,071 60G 249 3,508 1,679 945 498 6,724 1,593 980 481 6,680 1,325 667 355 2,005 519 215 155 454 166 38 34 64 2 1 23,409 6,808 3,652 1,922 35,791 348 56 43 5 6()8 Quebec 257 94 196 106 152 115 Three Rivers 101 49 70 Totals 919 1,233 4,551 6,630 9,778 9,027 2,894 692 1 67 452 1,005 New Brunsicick. 151 333 884 1,386 1,201 838 175 6 4,974 199 - 173 Nova Scotia. 2 28 9 " 18 8 50 178 115 151 375 161 123 314 187 36 212 118 13 97 6 12 16 "7 387 27 36 1,245 604 98 38 95 39 Totals 39 26 343 687 624 366 116 28 7 2,236 163 170 ' P. E. Island. Charlottetown If 1 1 11 13 57 29 13 124| 1 27 1 Manitoha. Winnipeg 3 4 2 1 381 93 708 105 701 141 507 105 181 5 2,500 93 110 N. W. Territories. Calgary 514 10 27 British Cohu/ihia. Victoria 1 16 3C 82 21 1 151 86 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 D — Continued. Machines of each Denomination, Inspected and Verified, in each Inspection Division, ended June 30, 190-t. Balances. With Equal Arms. , Steel Yards with 1 Divided Amis. Weigh Bridges or Platform Scales. "rt 1 1 1 1 i o o B ■0 i-H 1 -C i ^ 0 0 in 1 0 0 o_ 0 I 1 i-H 1 ■=> 1 0 2 i. « 3 :ii si S -^ 1 3 IS 5 1 5 1 09 s s i 1 Ontario. Hamilton Ottawa . . Windsor 4 I i 2 2 84 4 11 16 4.5 1 Ifi 3 ... 18 I Totals 4' 16 45 18 3..;/. 1 ■ ■ 86 12 8 1 4 30 Quebec. Montreal Quebec St. Hyacinthe Three Rivers 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 3 2 1 3 5 4 :::.. 1 Totals 1 3 ti 3 3 3 1 21 10 Neiv Brunswick. i in::: 3 I Nova Scotia. Cape Breton Halifax ... Pictou '"2 1 2 1 1 3 4 1 10 1 Totals 2 1 3 1 7 12 Manitoba. Winnipeg t N. W. Territories. ) Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. WEIGHTS AND MEASVBES 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 D — Concluded. Weighing Machines of each Denomination Rejected, in each Inspection Division, ended June 30, 1904. Balances. With Equal Arms. Steel Yards wi Divided Arms th Weigh Bridges or Platform Scales. T3 — o = V 13 i J 1 1 3 c o l^' ' ry~ c ^^ ^ •^ o o •c 3 ' g o 3 3 g o o s- X o =4 ^3 _o i i X 13 S -2 IN - S s ^ i» § jS-C 00 — — 13 — 73 ^ . J c« .a .i3 Si 3 W M T-H M ^ J^ ^ S^ o o O §;S 8^ ^ o 6^ S^ S c % - o I-l ta i »o '-' (M M o 1 C-l •«< O E-i » 50 45 105 5 124! 28 14 45 427 6 23 1 1 ■ 33 11 64 8 7 13 179 33 3 ^lll'. 1 47 1 i ' 11 149 2 15 2 18 43 76 18 203 38 21 76 659 39 31 29 17 27 47 4 7 8 175 11 40 4 6 16 25 30 1 3 129 18 6 26 19 26 2 14 1 (> 1 118 2 j 89 4 41 ...... 1 ... I 59 71 103 6 23 18 424 12 I 1 1 1 6 2 3 10 4 1 1 1 12 1 3 1 ""l 2 1 15 4 11 52 9 8 2 2 I 10 2 13 6 14 4 3 20 72 2 1 1 5 1 3 3 12 17 42 1 1 1 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister-. 13— 2h 20 mLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX E. Statement of Gas Expenditures and Receipts for the Year ended June 30, 1904. Inspectors. Expenditures. Districts. 02 a3 u *S CO ^ 1 c Pi c c 3 3 ^ Receipts. Shanacy, M Johnson, Wm .... Stuart, W. E Broadfoot, S Johnston, C. W. ing) Bickle, J. W .. "1 (act- $ cts. 100 00 449 96 100 00 ' "lOO '66 100 00 200 00 2,499 9U 38 70 1(10 00 1,100 00 $ cts. ! $ cts. $ cts. % cts. 0 80 82 11 14 31 13 45 30 46 30 00 14 25 75 21 65 70 17 50 94 65 % c*-.s. 100 80 8.54 76 1.57 16 113 41 161 06 130 00 220 25< 2,716 97 167 45 191 00 1,477 55 33 70 2,023 35 325 00 109 05 119 78 219 55 3,495 00 % cts. 65 50 Belleville { Berlin Brockville Coboiirg Cornwall Guelph Hamilton -j Kingston Listowel 110 94 157 50 99 oe' 51 25 42 85 36 60 '600 123 80 25 55 258 '96 145 50 274 50 369 75 130 00 Mulhern, M. M. . Broadfoot, S McPhie, D Dennis. W. A . . . McPhie, W. H.. Behan, J. J . . . . Gallaher, F Male, Thos Nash, A. F ...1 15 00 '24'66 18 00 22 50 73 50 60 00 250 50 3,128 25 196 00 44 75 2,733 25 Napanee Ottawa Johnson, Wm. (acting) Roche, H. G Graham, W. J 31 45: 2 25 100 00 1,100 00 200 00 150 00 87 33 200 00 3,438 25 540 00 300 00 125 00 16 40 .... 66 95 '50.5 2 15 14 60 51 00 670 50 132 50 Peterborough Rork, Tho.s Hicks, W. H 1 14 00 15 OOi 15 30 4 95 5 75 137 50 261 75 Stratford ... Rennie, Geo. H . . Johnstone, J. K. Pape, J. Whyte, J. A... Hunter, W. M.. '■■} 177 75 r Toronto -J 1 I 6,991 00 9,964 20 789 90 71 1 50 65>9 SO 580 44 12,675 84 15,869 00 Aubin, A O'Flaherty, M. J Levasseur, N. . . . Moreau, A ...I t Montreal - Quebec • 2,399 88 1,300 00 150 00 100 00 368 00 240 00 150 00 20 75 134 00 51 04 3,162 63 1,501 04 150 00 100 00 8,013 25 318 75 36 00 St. Hyacinthe. Benoit, L. V 97 75 3,949 88 368 00 390 00 20 75 185 04 4,913 67 8,465 75 Fowler, Jas. D. . . . . . Wilson, J. E New Brunswick. . . Miller, A ^ Munro, H. D } Ritchie, A. J J Bell, J. H Magness, R McAloney, J. A . . . Wolfenden, Wm. Miller, J. E Fredericton St. John 200 00 1,100 00 'se'ge "e 20 200 00 1,193 16 51 50 505 50 1,300 00 86 96 6 20 1,393 16 557 00 Halifax, N.S | 1,999 92 307 35 371 18 122 72 2,801 17 409 92 496 50 Charlottetown, P.E.I 307 49 .. . 52 43 130 50 Winnipeg, Miin 300 00 119 25 26 00 445 25 870 25 Nanaimo. . New Westminster. . . 100 00 100 00 300 00 200 00 '82'66 64 90 1 40 100 00 100 00 446 90 201 40 39 00 64 00 220 00 248 00 British Colun bia. . 700 00 82 00 66 30 848 30 571 00 GAS INSPECTION 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX 'E.—Conchcded. Statement of Gas Expenditures and Receipts for the Year ended June 30, 1904. RECAPITULATION. Expenditures. Provincfcis. .1 B 3.2 c c a m 'u •J: ^ Receii>ts. S cts. 9,964 20 3,949 88 1,300 00 1,999 92 357 49 300 00 700 00 $ cts. 789 90 368 00 $ cts. 711 50 390 00 $ cts. 629 80 20 75 86 96 371 18 $ cts. 580 44 185 04 6 20 122 72 52 43 26 00 66 30 1,356 17 378 43 157 24 $ cts. 12,675 84 4,913 67 1,393 16 2,801 17 409 92 445 25 848 30 1,356 17 378 43 157 24 § cts. 15,869 00 8,465 75 557 00 Quebec . Nova Scotia 307 35 496 50 130 50 Manitoba British Columbia. 119 25 82 00 870 25 571 00 General expenses Printing Stationery Totals 18,571 49 1,157 90 1,408 85 1,309 94 2,930 97 25,379 15 26,960 00 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19. 1904. W. J. GERALD, DeptUy Minister. 22 INLAND BEYENVES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power— Standard, 16 Candles. Sulphur per 100 Allowance, Inspection Ofkices. Highest. Lowest. Average. -II 0 33 1 1 Highest Grains. Lowest. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. Grains. Grains. Barrie — July 2100 22 60 0 0 0 0 0 s 1 0 , 0 . 0 0 August September 20 19 20 19 20 15 20 19 20 21 00 90 10 80 20 10 10 20 80 40 October November December January February March April May June 21-31 21-30 22-09 20-41 20-73 21-40 21-93 20.f)5 20-81 20 52 21 07 18-06 16-01 20-74 20-65 18-37 2106 1 12 Belleville- July 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 August September 20 21 19 18 21 21 19 91 58 23 37 07 11 51 October November ■;■ ..' December January Febiiiary March April 22 22 21 42 00 3fi 0 0 0 1 1 2 May June 21 65 21 08 0 20 Deseronto— July.. September 49-67" 19-87 18-80 20 70 20-05 19-59 18-84 22 00 18-80 1 October 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 November December January February March 20-70 18-94 April May June 0 10 GAS INSPECT102i 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 P. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. Cubic Feet. 35 Grains. Ammoni.\ feu 100 Cubic Feet— Allowance, 4 Grains. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. •1 H d Highest. Lowest. Average. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 4 CO d 6 o i so d Remarks. No. of excess ance. Grains. Grains. Grains. 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 0 2 0 3 1 0 2 0 .... . 1 i 0 1 * 0 1 1 main frozen. 2 0 2 21 0 21 1 Instruments out '. . . j of order. 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 r" 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 7 4 11 24 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power— Stand.^rd, 16 Candles. Sulphur per 100 Allowance, Inspection Offices. Highest. Lowest. Average. No. of times be- © © © © © o © = © © o o low standard. XI d 1 Highest Grains. Lowest. Grains. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. Grains. Berlin — July August 19 11 19-17 19 18 19 17 16 17 16 18 20 19 62 88 63 11 31 06 52 99 80 19 ■;;;;;;;;; Januarj- March May 20 • 4.^ 0 12 Brock vi He— July 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 21 20 19 19 18 19 20 18 20 22 20 24 18 64 8(i 02 39 26 96 44 00 70 September January .... February - May 21 10 17-42 18 10 18-24 17-63 17-71 0 12 Cobourg— July. 0 0 0 0 0 0 September 18-06 17 14 16-77 17 15 17-66 0 0 0 0 0 May June . 0 11 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F. — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. 25 Cubic Feet. 35 Grains. Ammonia PER 100 Clbic Feet- 4 Grains. —Allow VNt'E ' Sulphuretted Hydrogen. times in of allow- No. of Tests. Highest. Lowest. Average. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. No. of Tests. No. of times ab- sent. i a. 0 No. of Tests. Remarks. "is d X - Grains. Grains. Grains. 1 1 • • - • i i 1 12 -. I 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • • • 0 12 •\ • . . ! • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ' . 12 0 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 i" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ::::::;• 2 No illuminating 2 ])Ower test, Pho- 2 tonieter under- 2 going repairs, 2 1 2 18 11 24 26 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power— Standard, 16 Candles. sulphuk per 100 Allowance, Inspection Offices. Highest. Lowest. Average. 09 b 0) (S .§-§ "t; to 1 d Highest Grains. Lowest. Grains. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. Grains. Port Hope- July 19 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 August 19 20 19 17 21 19 19 19 17 18 18 84 18 23 55 92 19 1 37 85 79 08 9M September October 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 November December January February j March 1 .... April 1 >i^y ■■-, June Cornwall — July August 18 18 18 18 18 18 17 18 17 17 17 18 40 10 10 40 60 10 90 10 90 90 90 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 s 0 0 0 0 0 12 1 1 Kejjtember i 1 1 1 1 October . . . | November | December January ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 February l March April 1 May '. J une ... 18 -89 0 _12_ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 July August September . 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 19 19 17 18 18 17 19 20 20 19 81 56 81 17 68 34 ■30 •16 ■00 ■94 , November ' January i i February March May 1 Jane 20 84 0 12 QA8 INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F. — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. 27 Cubic Feet. 35 Grains. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet 4 Grains. —Allowance, Sulphuretted. Hydrogen. 1 .2 ^ j Highest. Lowest. Average. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 1 d 3 s -3 ^ 0 2 2 2 . 2 2 2 2 2 d IE ^x i H d Remarks. No. of excess ance. No. of Grains. [ Grains. Grains. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 ,^ "■■ 1 0 2 0 2 1 ■ " " 2 i 0 2 : 0 2 ! 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 24 U -24 0 ( 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 12 0 12 1 0 1 ' 0 i 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... 0 1 12 0 12 28 INLAND BETENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Pi-ETURjr of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas ' Illuminating Power— Standaed, 16 Candles. Sulphur per 100 Allowance, 1 Inspection- Okfices. Highest. Lowest. Average. •II to H d Highest Grains. Lowest. Grains. Average Candles. Candles. ' Candles. Grains. Hamilton — July 18-56 18 25 18 04 18 17 ' 18-36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 24 August September 18 18 08 02 85 79 46 24 78 07 89 25 89 IS- IS- IS 18 18 18 17 17 17 17 18 IG 03 04 14 03 26 31 10 95 70 :-4.5 October November ... 18 18 18 18 17 17 18 18 18 24 17 50 17 60 1 17 29 18 84 1 16 14 1 17 02 17 15 17 85 i 17 December January i February 1 t March April May June 19- 7.'? Brantford — July 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 August September 18 19 19 18 19 18 18 18 20 16 19 90 01 82 71 87 88 99 71 70 73 5«^ October November ; "..'.'.'.'. December February March April May June 19 • .34 0 12 Dundas — July August September October 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 18 18 19 19 18 16 16 18 18 19 03 35 20 ()6 ■l'.> 56 88 •29 •04 ■12 ■34 November January February March April May June 0 12 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F. — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. 29 Cubic Feet. 35 Grains. Ammonia pek 100 Cubic Feet. Allowance, 4 Gr.\ins. Highest. Lowest. Grains. Grain.s. Avt Grair sulphuretteu Hydrocen. C w 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 o a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 24 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 Remarks. 30 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illu MiNATiNG Power— St. 16 Candles. iNDARD, Sulphur per 100 Allowance, Inspection Offices. Highest. Lowest. Average. -II H o d Highest Grains. Lowest. Grains. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. Grains. ! Gait- July . . 19 60 19 -02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 August 1 18 20 18 17 18 18 20 20 19 18 80 10 02 83 82 02 62 07 62 09. 20 19 0 12 St. Catharines- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 19 19 18 18 18 18 17 19 19 17 12 50 12 50 78 92 59 99 34 28 07 May 22 10 0 12 Kingston — .T 1 1 1 V 0 1 20-37 18-90 19-08 0 0 0 1 1 1 <. 19-31 20 11 20-75 0 0 0 1 2 2 May ... June 21 14 21-54 19 09 19-20 ' 9 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 r. — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. 31 Cubic Feet— 35 Grains. Ammonia pkk 100 Cubic Fekt — Allowance, 4 Grains. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. times in s of allow- 1 o Highest. 1 Lowest. Average, Grains. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. CO 14 40 14 19 14 29 September 21 21 38 85 21 21 05 10 21 21 21 47 0 0 2 2 14 14 39 60 14 14 19 30 14 14 29 October 45 November .... 21 36 21 30 21 33 0 2 14 .52 14 20 14 36 December 21 30 21 10 21 20 0 2 14 58 14 30 14 42 January 21 61 21 22 21 41 0 2 14 81 14 32 14 5(! February 19 90 18 41 19 15 0 2 15 03 14 59 14 81 March 18 99 18 05 18 52 0 2 14 75 14 44 14 59 April li) 03 17 05 18 54 0 2 14 59 13 82 14 20 May LS 10 17 90 18 00 0 2 14 92 14 29 14 60 June 17-73 17-51 17-63 0 0 2 14 70 14-36 14-53 24 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Co7i tinned. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 190-1:. 37 CcBK' Feet— .35 Grains. Ammoxia per 100 Cubic Feet— Allowance, 4 Grains. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. ■" ^ ■= & ^ ( a 130 ° ^ Highest. Lowest. A verage. •^ .M T' -2 ' ■S c H 43 0 ^ '*3 .s o. of excess vnce. r< Grains. Grains. Grains. C a; ffl 6f. . 1 0 1 1 0 11 8 3 0 2 2 0 2 ••> 2 2 0 0 2 2 0 . .-...1 0 0 . 2 2 2 2 ... 1 0 •> 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 24 0 24 17 0 17 Remark.- 38 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power— Staxdaro, 16 Candles. Inspection Offices. Highest. Lowe.st. I Average. Candles. Owen Sound — July August September October . . . November . December Januarj'. . . February . . March April May June Peterborough- July August . . September October . November December January .. February March . . . . April . . . May June Sarnia— July August . . . . September . October . . . November December January February March April May June •50 •25 •40 •00 90 •25 •20 •40 •20 •00 40 •30 •00 •80 •00 •50 00 00 •10 •30 •25 •10 •20 00 Candles. ; Candles. 2200 •90 02 •10 •97 •86 30 •09 •07 21 06 22 00 22 15 20-25 19 02 o S d^ ^ 21-00 20 00 2100 21-50 21 10 2100 18-80 19-50 20-32 19-50 12 25 Sulphur per lOO' Allowance^ Highest Grains. Grains. Grains 10 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June '^0, 1904. 39 CcBic Feet— 35 Grains. Ammonia TEU 100 C 4 UBic Feet- Grains. -Allowance, Sulphuretted Hydrogen. times in of allow- 1 6 Highest. Lowest. Average. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. •Jl D H d 12; No. of times ab- sent. B 'c C d§ 1 "o d Remarks. No. of excess, ance. Grains. Grains. Grains. 0 0 0 0 (1 0 0 0 0 0 0 J i 0 1 i 12 2 0 12 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 (1 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 .... 23 26 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 "i 0 1 10 0 10 1 40 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Retuhn of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Inspection Offices. Stratford — July August. . . . September October . November. December January . February March . . . April May June Toronto — July August . . . . September . . October . . . , November . December . . January . . . . February . . March April May June Illuminating Power— St.\nuard, 16 Candles. Highest. Lowest, i Average. Candles. 1 Candles. Candles Montreal — July August . . . September October. . . November December January . February March . . . April ... May June •41 •26 •77 •56 •60 •11 •29 •96 •98 •74 •36 •51 •64 •25 ■59 •40 •81 13 •06 •07 •01 •03 •61 •57 19-90 19 34 18-66 18 65 17 52 18 76 18 20 •27 •85 •37 50 33 11 104 9 9 9 8 9 9 8 9 9 9 8 104 Sulphur per 100 Allowance ^ Highest m H I o Grains. 17 17 15 19 15 18 17 19 20 18 20 22 43 24- 25- 24 • .32 • 28- 20- 30 • 31 • 24 • 28 • 3r 33 • Lowest. Grains. Average Grains. 68 17-79 21 38 15 34 20 48 20-88 22 96 30 11 31 43 22^27 25 72 20 03 20 87 22-42 26 28 23 56 27 77 12 -07 18 09 27 -15 27 92 31-53 31 17 32 08 32 • ■67 •34 03 •16 •56 •06 •39 31 •47 •38 •97 •55 L23 >-36 568 [•50 >35 )37 )64 ■■42 i-42 '•62 ■71 562 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. 41 Cubic Feet— Ammokia per 100 Cubic ¥Ev:r Allow. VNCE, SULPHL'UETTKr) 35 GR.4INS. 4 Grains. Hvdroge: o d 1 d Highest. Lowest. Average. d£i 7^ +2 H d m 1 "' i a S 0 » Remark.s. 0 £ (U -• X S Grains. Grains. Grains. 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 No test for iliuiai- 0 0 0 1 nating power 0 0 1 1 photometer. 1 0 1 11 0 1 . 0 11 0 2 1 23 0 98 110 0 2 8 0 8 0 2 0 87 0 77 0-82 0 2 9 0 9 0 2 0 76 0 60 0-72 0 2 9 0 9 0 2 1 26 0 86 1 06 0 2 9 0 9 0 2 0 61 0 40 0 50 0 2 8 0 8 0 2 1 06 0 66 0-86 0 2 9 0 9 0 2 0 88 0 26 0 57 0 2 9 0 9 0 2 1 27 1 18 1-22 0 2 8 0 8 0 2 1 32 0 70 104 0 2 9 0 9 0 2 0 65 0 40 0-52 0 2 9 0 9 0 2 1 36 0 24 0-80 0 2 8 0 8 0 2 1-22 0 31 0 76 0 0 2 9 0 9 0 24 24 104 0 104 0 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 2 12 0 12 0 2 0 25 0 00 012 0 2 14 0 14 0 2 0 50 0 00 0 25 0 2 14 0 14 0 2 0 00 0 00 0(X) 0 2 14 0 14 0 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 2 12 0 12 0 2- 3 11 0 00 1-55 0 2 9 0 9 0 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 2 13 0 13 0 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 2 12 0 12 0 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 2 14 0 14 0 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 2 13 0 13 0 2 0 00 0 00 000 0 2 13 0 13 0 2 000 000 000 0 0 2 12 0 12 0 24 24 152 0 152 42 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 190& APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas- Illuminating Power— Standard, 16 Candles. J.vsPECTiON Offices. Quebec — July August . . , September . October . . . , November . December. January . . . February . , March April . . . May June Sberbrooke — July . . August ... September . October . . . . November December. January . . . February . . March April May June St. Hyaeinthe- Jwly August . . . September. October . . , November . December. January . . February . March .... April May June Highest. Candles. Lowest. Average. Candles. Candles •90 64 •77 •01 •04 23 ■?6 05 ■96 ■90 ■07 •94 •93 •98 •42 11 ■04 ■26 •22 •51 •69 •55 •24 17 80 ■59 ■49 ■75 ■68 47 •35 •42 •63 •96 59 •32 47 00 c3 S c O ^ sulphck i'er 100 Allowance 12 Highest Grains. Lowest . Grains. 77 16 02 18- 75 13 93 15^ 55 ■ 1859 19- 78 14-43 16- 54 16 88 17 94 13 85 IS- 41 17-60 IS 07 12-85 13- 65 11 77 14- •18 17-25 19- 55 17-79 20- •93 13-99 16^ Average- Grains. *-89 ) 34 )07 ;-6o '■71 5 65 00 5 •96. 1-21 )-21 117 ;96 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. 4S Cubic Feet— 35 Grains. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet— Allowance, 4 Grains. Highest. Lowest Grains. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 24 Grains. Average. Grail Sulphuretted Hydrogen. 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 24 o c 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 Remarks. 44 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return of the lUummating Power and Purity of Gas iN.-iPECTioN Offices. Illuminating Power— Standard, IG Candles, Highest. Candles. Fredericton — July August. . , September October . . November December. January . . February. March April . . . . May ...... June. . .". . iSt. John — July.. . . August . . . . September . October . . . , November December January . . February . M.xrch April May June Moncton — July August September October. . . November December. January . . . February . . March . . . A])rll May June ... . •31 10 •73 •04 •17 •13 •89 71 •04 49 •20 10 Lowest. Averaare. Candles. Candles. •28 •37 •06 •63 •82 •69 •90 •36 •21 •69 •38 •84 16 66 16 84 16 19 16 20 16^58 16 86 16 28 16 82 16 13 16 13 16-59 17 06 •81 •66 •21 •94 •21 •36 19 •42 •51 •35 •82 13 •03 •91 •50 •15 •75 ■74 •11 •19 01 •95 •92 •61 •59 •90 •97 ■56 ■28 •62 •24 •80 •93 •60 02 12 59 5 5 5 6 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 58 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 Sulphur per 100 Allowance, Highest Lowest. Average Grains. Grains. Grains. 02 •31 •21 65 •21 •26 ■82 •04 •60 11 •37 01 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. 4& Cubic Feet- 35 Grains. •S^ o o o • ^ S O ® cS ;^ Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet— Allowance 4 Grains. Highest. I Lowest. Average. §=: Gi-ains. Grains, i Grains. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. 6 M 56 59 Remark.s 24 0-87 I 27 1 31 3 33 r7o l-2(j 1 09 1 23 1 .53 OCO 106 1 42 -.50 •02 11 •28 02 00 •00 08 •16 00 •00 21 ■68 04 •20 •30 •38 •63 .54 01 •34 00 •53 •31 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 24 5 6 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 58 58 12 12 46 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 _ APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Illuminating Power— Standard, 16 Candles. Sulphur per 100 Allowance Inspection Offices. Highest. Lowest. Candles. Average. d Highest Lowest. Average Candles . Candles. Grains. Grains. Grains. Halifax- July 1 17-59 0^ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 73 17 17 18 •17 18 18 18 71 26 19 03 41 15 24 83 96 .on 17 15 15 11 12 13 13 11 11 9 11 02 64 W November 46 63 15 05 March April 17 17 17 53 4?, 68 June 17 94 99 i 18-81 0 12 Pictou — July August September 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 18 18 16 17 17 18 10 62 68 64 10 28 10 15 25 34 8*^ .January 18 19 19 18 April May June - 17-40 0 12 Yarmouth — July 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 17 18 17 17 17 16 18 17 17 17 41 41 57 93 48 70 39 10 55 60 64 October November January February March 0 12 0A8 INSPECTIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. 47 Cubic Feet— 35 Grains. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet— Allowance 4 Grains. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. ■B-o ! S Highest. Lowest. Average. a^'3 O a) sS a 1 1 as 1^ a; a as aj '■5 di 1 H 1 Remarks. No. of exces ance. d Grains. Grains. ; Grains. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 12 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .♦ 12 0 12 48 INLANB REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas Il.LUMINATINC PoWER— STvI 16 Candles. XDaRD ' Sulphur pf.u 100 Allowance^ TxsPECTiox Officks. Highest. Lowest. Average. -.Si! d Highest Grains. Lowest. Grains. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. Grains. Charlotte town — July August September 17-38 16-00 16-69 1818 18-69 18-17 18-29 18-24 21-66 20 10 15-82 21-26 18-34 18-13 17 -19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 January February 22-00 23-37 21-32 16-83 May June ...... . 19-25 18-90 17-44 17-37 17 Winnipeg- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 August September 18 20 18 18 16 18 20 20 21 19 19 57 26 57 72 91 66 63 00 18 00 73 May 18-37 18-63 17-69 18-61 19-80 18-26 18-24 18 29 18 06 19-60 18-28 18 07 0 12 Nanainio — July 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 September January .... February March A pril • 0 12 GAS INSPECTION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 F — Continued. Inspected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. 49 Cubic Feet — 35 Grains. Ammonia per 100 Cubic Feet— Allowance, 4 Grains. SULPHURET Hydroge TED N. i "o d •S i CO d Highest. Lowest. Average. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 5 i 1 o d No. of tiuies ab- sent. i Remarks. No. of excess ance. Grains. Grains. Grains. [ 1 1 ; 2 ! 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 n 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 ? 1 2- 2 ( , • 1 1 2 ; 0 2 0 i 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 18 0 18 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . ...... 12 0 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I ■ . ■ "'\ 1 1 i 12 : 0 12 13—4 50 INLA^fD REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX Return of the Illuminating Power and Purity of Gas illuiiinating power— standard, 16 Candles. Sulphur per 100 Allowance, Inspection Offices, Highest. Lowest. Average. (D'C o ^ 1 "o 6 Highest Lowest. Average Candles. Candles. Candles. Grains. Grains. Grains. New Westminster — July 19-23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 § 0 0 ^ August , 19 18 18 18 19 19 19 18 19 19 16 03 95 84 78 19 22 59 64 00 38 93 September .. October Januarj" March April May ". June l8-5»4 0 12 Vancouver — July August September 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ■1 18 18 17 18 18 17 17 17 17 17 17 36 28 80 10 42 89 75 01 30 35 70 December January April May IS^^o 0 0 0 0 12 Victoria — July . August 17 17 74 38 NovemVjer 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 94 02 07 10 17 24 12 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 January February March April May 0 .11 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. GAS INSPECTION iESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 '^ — -Continued. nspected during the "Year ended June 30, 1904. 51 UBic Feet— 5 Graixs. AioroNiA PER 100 Cubic Feet — Allowance, 4 Grains. Sulphuretted Htdrogen. times in of allow- to 6 "A Highest. Lowest. Average. No. of times in excess of allow- ance. 09 "So O ■ .s -5 °^ o S ;2« i i d S 1 "o d Remarks. o i 05 o >< s Grains. Grains. Grains. 12 '- 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 - ! 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 12 1 0 0 0 1 .... 1 . . . ■■ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i- . 11 0 10 W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 13—41 52 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX G. Statement of Gas Meters presented for Verification, Verified and Rejected during the Year ended June 30, 1904. IxsPEfTioN Offices. s 1 O OJ '^> a Kind. Verified as coming within the Error tolerated bj- Law. Rejected. ^ Totals, Verified and Rejected. &» o o O 73 g i a 0 s a? Pi Barrie 30 30 71 197 346 57 23 227 2,400 120 10 2,421 68 409 i2 2 86 4 7 2 482 10 3 553 18 30 99 43 107 44 1,120 1,462 30 14 14 91 102 36 5 58 324 36 2 521 23 34 7 10 60 1,953 4,134 28 16 45 93 1.58 15 11 167 1,128 69 3 1,309 18 342 1 51 103 53 3,563 2,965 69 ■90 ■ 3 1 4 14 21 ""11 i "73 1 2 27 7 4 ""2 1 14 99 L '" 1 303 4 8 1 5 I 5 1 30 71 180 346 55 23 227 1,934 115 8 2,383 59 406 100 101 220 157 6,636 8,561 127 Belleville Berlin • Brockville. . Cobourg 71' 197' 346; 57 - - ' 11 2 Cornwall Guelph Hamilton . . . , Kingston Listowel London 23 227 2,400 120 10 2,421 68 410 100 101 227 163 6,666 8,686 129 1 "466 5 2 38 Napanee Ottawa 9 4 Owen Sound Peterborough Sarnia Stratford . . Toronto ' 100 101 1 227 .. . 163 1 6,666 1 8,686 1. 129 1 ■ j 6 30 Montreal Quebec 125 2 St. Hyacinthe Fredericton 74 9 320 241 90 738 2 19 193 • 151 1 74 .. . 9 320 ' 241 . . 90 1 738 2 19 49 ""i23 216 11 323 2 ""52 34 9 "21 12 21 21 16 9 171 13 30 394 ""19 i " 4 ■■■■4 5 74 9 St. John Halifax 315; 5 241 Charlottetown Winnipeg - 62, 28 2... . New Westminster 50 48 12 91 69 ::.:: 19 Vancouver 193 151 193 15l| ... Totals . 24,289 1 24,288 4,924 7,641 10,984 152 248 340! 23,549' 740 Inlanh Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 19, 1904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. ELECTRIC LIGHT INSPECTION 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX H Statement of Electric Light Expenditures and Receipts for the Year ended June 30, 1904. Inspectors. Expenditures. Receipts. Districts. Salaries. S cts. Special Assist- ance. Travel- ling Expen- ses. Sundries. Totals. -£^ps:- Belleville Hamilton London Ottawa Toronto Johnson, Wm .... S cts. S cts. 294 01 107 60 165 50 81 40 248 95 897 46 S cts. 10 50 5 20 1 40 12 40 11 99 S cts 304 51 112 80 166 90 93 80 260 94 8 cts. 542 50 295 00 557 .50 355 00 785 00 8 ct.s. 399 75 McPhie, D . . . . . ........ 1,120 .50 899 75 Nash, A. Y Roche, H. G 1 814 50 Johnstone, .J. K . . 3,380 25 Ontario Aubin, A 41 49 938 96 2,5a5 00 7,614 75 Alontreal 364 00 20 65 10 41 67 95 45 15 61 25 11 57 30 65 4 75 0 55 4 70 396 22 41 06 72 70 345 70 565 95 150 00 165 00 180 00 135 00 60 00 3,259 50 907 50 Quebec Sherlirooke. . . . St. Hyacinthe. Three Rivers. . Levasseur, N.^ .... Simpson, A F .... 51 .50 Provost, J. E Dufresne, J. U . . . 300 00 500 00 800 00 364 00 110 75 68 25 205 41 174 83 197 90 52 22 1,421 63 690 00 1 4,397 50 St. John, N.B. Wilson, J. E Miller, A Bell, J. H 8 54 183 37 165 00 1,733 50 Halifax, N.S.. 2 75 200 65 365 00 801 75 Charlotteto\vTi. P.E.I 14 45 20 36 34 81 40 00 160 25 \\ innipeg, M'a Magness, R 11 65 11 65 270 00 1,596 75 Vancouver .... Miller, J. E 230 00 65 00 1,823 50 Victoria Jones, R 1 9 45 9 45 10 60 20 05 695 75 Br. Columbia 10 60 20 05 295 00 2.519 -2.5 - Dawson 75 00 RECAPITULATION. Ontario . . . 897 46 205 41 174 S3 197 90 14 45 41 14 52 22 8 54 2 75 20 36 11 65 10 60 938 95 1,421 63 183 37 200 65 34 81 11 65 20 05 3^393 52 1,679 01 123 62 39 74 2,535 00 690 00 165 00 365 00 40 00 270 00 295 00 75 00 7,614 75 4,397 50 Quebec 800 00 364 00 New Brunswick 1,733 50 801 75 Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island 160 25 Manitoba . . 1,596 75 British Columbia 9 45 2,519 25 Dawson, Yukon Chief Electrical Engineer 3,131 12 91 11 171 29 1,679 01 123 62 39 74 General Printing Stationerv 3,931 12 Totals , 364 00 1,.590 01 2, 160. 92 8,047 00 4,435 00 18,823 75 N.B. —Refund of 81.00 to be deducted from Registration Fees. (See statement No. 16.) Inland Revenue Department, W. J. GERALD, Ottawa, August 1 9, 1 904. Deputy Minister. 54 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX I. Statement showing the number of Electric Light Meters Verified, Rejected, and Veri- fied after first Rejection, in each Inspection District, for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1904. 1 c s 1 Verified as within the error tolerated by law. Rejectee Slow. Verified after first Rejection. 1 o a i 1 ■8 2 S 0 0 Belleville Hamilton 315 810 795 2,135 2,308 2,702 997 41 99 39 1,052 611 158 1,320 1,392 802 132 263 261 441 573 1,683 329 67 238 116 .306 2 2 '5 2 9 5 1 1 1 2 17 London 270, 261 2311 1,460 946 778 868 124 634 31 Ottawa Toronto , Montreal Quebec 1 2 Sherbrooke St. Hyacinthe 10 98 16. 14 "1 1 Three Rivers 12 455 551 52 923 362 371 13 309 23 67 151 255 192 14 280 22 38 246 775 239 " St. John ""5 1 2 3 3 3 Halifax 5 2 Charlottetown Winnipeg Vancouver Victoria Totals 15,576 6,516 4,280 4,704 16 22 30 9. 1 5 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, August 1 9, 1 904. W. J. GERALD, Deputy Minister. 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S aT " t; -G — := S '2 c3 O C 3^ S -^ O (C eS .2 if^-^P^ rf S ® * - 'X INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 .;! © -M © -3 " 10 eS «© -t^ ai= i-( H -! ©OOCSOSOOSO^O 1 © © ^ ©©o©©o©©©©©©©©© oo — ^w — "^^O^ — ^^o 1 ©c©o©©o©© ©©©©©©«©© •saao- " i^ 1- 0 =: =i 0 C 0 <- o'o 1 © ir; — ©©iCiO©©*Oin©©0*niCiO© aoi^'BJ^siSa^j u. ^1-^-^^^------ - r-if^ ^ i-Hl-i ffl^T-H C-li— l-H (M 1-1 OOiOOt^OOOOOCOO ©©©©©©^©©lO ©©©©©©©© 00 lOOiOOV. OOCQlSOOOO ©CO ©©©CC©©t~©©©©OiS»C05 • MXC:TrC5c:r^c;t~c;ociO C i-- t- iM©ir;©N©-j<©cocr-. coiMr-i-rt^ o :s 5^1-H ,-H ?Q ,- r^ CC -^ M in ^ 1-! CO ^ c rH rC < H OOOOt^OOOOCIOOO ©©©©©©r-©©ir:©c;©©©©©© ©owt^t^Oicnooooo © © o©©©c; ©©t^©C5C ©©©00 •^ S c ooi.'5(Mro-r;:;t^Gci--t^ooci-'5 ©©t^lM©lOC-. ;.©-r©w©co pi - pq l-H Q , 3K IKH^S rHNCOTCOOt-aOOSO^S^M T-ilMCO-*lO-Jt:~XC;©<-'C-?CO-fiCttt-0C i-l 1-1 — 1 7- Tj .;.:.: : •T3 • •J ;i3 : ■ d "S : d : ■ t 0 ! S '. & 3 '. s . S : • 0 t, •w :ph : ■"5 r •C bo "U c 1/ its • .5 • ^•1 o o O s : S : 0 ■ c c 0 c > > "c llilillli ■ - 0 J? ~ 0 : g >=J:c'C -P;^ g is SI'S 1 X ^ 1 a s ELECTRIC LIGHT INSPECTION 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 OC'OO — oooooo ooeoc ooooooooooo ©©0>-ilflT)0 o o © © o © © o © © © © lO •*• C2 c: X ©©©©©©©cQino©© ©O^^^OC©^^^^)^!:^^ © © © C<5 C5 wi -^ ©©© ©©© lO © -1< Tfl Tj> © CQ -:!< l~ rl -C ?<1>-'M o o © c © © © ; : o lo o © —'©©©©©©•^t^MiO© © © rt I^] X o o cc ^ ■' ©©©©©X©00©©i ©io©»r;x©®?^©i ~" © :n ^ t^ c.XOi©i-IC * i-T a; .^ .2^ o: ^1 O g I- t, so aj-c3 o d ^ '•5 Oi5 C be 3 ^ d ■ 1- o It " ■ S 5 _ ^-£,13^:5 6-3 .H'S- '^ '- '^ — HH r "^i ./-J ~ - O ^ = = = i.26 =^T :°^S - .tf.if.-s S"S:£.-s d>0.te 2;:5.'S B «t. tS ^ > TJ T! 1-1 ^ o U O bo s >~ ^ « t> ^ (^ a 2 ir <==; •"^ T1 ;) cS O % -i o ^ij-s .£?•:;: §^ § C tc-2 .2 tL~ 5 S c c i'S ^ U-, <*; j'^ri t.<<- 9^ — •t; r*^" s = c - .2.2.S O s;^._^ ;^^_ ; s-i<:^ — QQr-'O ^x; ■^ 'S -^r-X >>.-;, -X Oi-;^ -o ^.5>-^.£ S «oo i ;£ :2 o H S^d^S_Q O O ^ Q — o^d^d:^^:^^^ o > 64 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 3 T3 W ^ -* 4-> O ;^ OS i) )-H c: o 3 CO p-< © Oi a 3 4^ •-5 Oh S O i5 ^ a '$ o E-i CO .2 o M P5 Kf^ joj a^uogiijao O •on: fh^s Tji o o »< C5 Tf O O O O O O ■* CO 05 "»< -r cvi re • lO N ,-1 iMe<5 •^ 1-1 O bo •S a . . . o ^ 5pbE p^ •2. 'bc-r .60 o^ O "S.S $-fi .a c3 3 fc. be W ++ 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1905 REPOET, RETURNS ATs^D STATISTICS OF THE I^^LAND KEYENUES OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1904 PART III ADULTEPxATION OF (FOOD PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA : r'RIXTP:D BY S. E. DAWSOX, PRINTER TO THE KlXrr.S MO.ST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1905 No. 14—1905.] 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1905 CONTENTS. Deputy Ministers Report Cliief Analysts Report Official Analysts' Reports : — District of Halifax, N.S do Montreal, (.^ue do Toronto Ont do Winnipeg, Man .... do British Columbia . . . . A ' Inspection of Whole Milk Appendix do do do do do do do do do do do do do B "' do Maple Syrup and Maple Sugar . C "" do P'lavouring Extracts D " do Honey E " d(» White Lead in Oil F '" do Distilled Li([Uors G '" do Milk H " do Cider I " do Ground Spices •J " do Jams and Jellies . K '• do Fertilizers L " do Wheaten Flour M " do Tea K " do Ground Coffee Pagks. 5 s 8 9 9 9 12 10 13 29 42 52 r.8 82 86 110 128 163 177 183 U— U 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1905 REPORT DEPUTY MIXlSTEPv OF IXLAXD PEYENUE. INSPECTION OF FOODS, DRUGS AND FERTILIZERS. To the Honourable L. P. Brodeur, Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the reports of the ofl&cial analysts of the Dominion for the fiscal 3'ear ended June 30, 1904. The following is a summary statement of the whole number of samples analysed, and results reported, by them : — Description of Sail) pies. Genuine. Doubtful. Adul- terated. Total. Milk. Fertilizers as sold INIaple sugar 7G 59 1 2 15 29 0 0 17 8 3 3 '108 96 4 Maple SjTujj . Total 138 44 31 213 The following is a summary of the number of collected samples analysed by the Chief Analyst and his staff at the Inland Revenue Laboratory in Ottawa : — Description of Samples. Genuine. ria\ ouriiig e.vtractb Honey White lead in oil Distilled liquors Milk Cider Ground spices •Jams and jellies Wheaten flour Tea Coffee Milk not described in Bulletin 93. Total 3 81 100 109 87 27 88 14 4.") 10 Doubtful. Adul- terated. 61(1) 5 35(3) 107 (4> 19 0 0 0 11 1 712 251 24(1) 13(2) 12(3) 0 10 14(5) 93 55(6) 0 0 19(7) 1 Total. 241 88 99 147 216 116 41 188 74 75 7o 75 12 1,204 (1) Artificially colored, or flavour not genuine. (2) Adulterated with cane sugar or glucose. (3) Indicated a.? ' adulterated ' or ' doubtful ' but not sold as ' pure ' and therefore not contrary to the provisions of the Act. (4) Diluted with water and pronounced doubtful as compared with standards established by the British 'Sale of Food Aniendmeiit Act.' (5) Ciintained small quantities of Salicylic Acid. (0) The presence of foreign fruit or glucose deemed to constitute adulteration. (7) (.)f these three were sold as mixtures. 5 6 INLAND BEVENDES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The following statement shows the total number of samples examined durinu- the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, 1902, 1903 and 1904 respectively :— During the Fiscal Year ended June 30. 1901. Number of samples collected by the food inspectors for examination Number of these samples examined by the ])ublic analysts. Number of these samples examined in the laboratory here. Number of samples examined at the laboratory here, duplicates of which were not analysed by the public analysts This number however includes the following :— Samples of beer 11 vinegar , Standard fertilizers Sundry others Samples examined for other departments : — Marine and Fisheries . . Public Works Militia and Defence Indian Affairs Agriculture Police Branches Interior Trade and Commerce Railways and Canals .... Customs 885 381 243 802 25 413 102 1902. 883 883 270 32 346 10(i 15 3 3 (j 15 1 2 0 0 0 1903. 541 1()3 425 1,017 70 366 128 0 16 2 3 0 0 0 97 4 1904. 1.417 213 1,341 LS08 15 239 111 S3 1 0 The Chief Analyst in his report refers to the desirability of establishing, at an early date, standards of purity for food. This subject is one that has been under consideration by the Department for several years past, but in view of the fact that very few of the older nations ha^"e yet seen their way, except in respect of a very limited number of articles, to establish such standards it is felt that the information at our service is not yet sufficiently complete to enable Canada to take definite action in a matter of such great importance. In England, no legal standard for food, with the single exception of milk, exists. In France, Germany and other European countries standards for certain specific articles have been fixed, but the matter, as a whole, is still under consiJeration, while in the United States a serious eff'ort is being made to secure data to enable standards to be determined and legalized. In some specific cases standards have been so legalized and marked progress is being made towards extending the list to embrace a greater number of articles. This Department is watching the procedure of the outside world and will not fail to make use of all experience gained. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. W. .J. GERALD, Depuf/i/ Minuter. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, January 3, 1905. ADULTERATION OF FOOD ^ SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 REPOiri^ OF (^HIEF AXAi:Ym\ •UT Queen Street, Ottawa, December .■^, 1904. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue, Sir, — I beg to submit the following report for the year ended June 30, 1904, regarding the work of thi.s branch. The following statement, made out as you have instructed, gives the number of food and other samples examined during the year : — 1. Number of samples collected by the food inspectors for examination 1,417 2. Number of these examined by the district analysts 21-3 .3. Number of these examined in the Inland Revenue Labora- tory at Ottawa (1204 + 137) 1,341 4. Number of sample analysed in the Inland Revenue Labora- tory, duplicates of which were not examined by the dis- trict analysts 1,808 The last mentioned number, however, includes the following :^ Standard fertilizers HI Inland Revenue samples : — Beer 15 Vineorar 239 Sundry others . ^-^ 337 Samples examined for the following Departments : — Marine and Fisheries 1 Railways and Canals .... ^ Militia and Defence 5 Indian Aftairs -^ Interior 3 North-west Mounted Police 1 19 467 I beg to call your attention to the very considerable progress which has recently been made in the United States in establishing legal standards of purity for food, much of which is recorded in Circular No. 10, from the office of the Secretary of the LTnited States Department of Agriculture. These standards are similar in many cases to those proposed by me at various times, and recapitulated in my report of January 2, 1901. From a pas.sage in the above mentioned circular it appears that ' before the adoption of ' any schedule, it was submitted to the manufacturing firms and the trade immediately ' interested for criticism, and when reciuested by them, conferences for discussion have ' been arranged.' I would respectfully recommend the adoption of this course with the manufacturers and wholesale merchants of Canada, not only with reference to estab- lishing standards for pure articles of food, but also in regard to those which are sold under the Adulteration Act as 'compounds' or ' mixtures.' I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Analyst. INLAND REVENDES 4-5 EDWARD VII.. A. 1905 66 Bedford Rhw, Halifax, X..S., December 17, 190-1. . The Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Sir. — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the samples of food ike. received by me for analysis during the year ending- June 30, .1904. Genuine. Doubtful. Adul- terated. Total. Slilk Total IG 7 6 1 2 3 24 Fertilizers 18 26 34 13 50 I ha^ e the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, MAYNARD BOWMAN, Official Anah/sf. 112 St. Fraxcois-Xavier Street, Montreal, November 24, 1904. Tlie Deputy Minister, Department of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Dear .sir, — I have the honour to submit my report 'if analyses made during- the fiscal year ending June 30, 1904. I have analysed 65 samples, namelv : 24 samples of milk. 32 samples of fertilizer. 5 samples of maple syrup. 4 samples of maple sugar. The results of my analyses are stated in the following tabular form : Adul- Genuine. Doubtful. I terated. Total. Milk 18 15 1 2 4 14 0 0 2 3 3 3 24 32 Maple sugar .1 SJTUp 4 Total 36 18 11 65 The 1 4 samples of fertilizer were not registered, and therefore, are classed as doubt ful. Those marked adulterated did not conform to the requirements of the Fertilizer Act. In the case of the maple syrups, three samples wert^ largely composed of cane syi'up. Cane sugar is also the adulterant present in the adulterated maple sugars. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. T. DONALD. ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 W'lxxiPEG, December 19, 1904. The Commissioner of Inland Revenue. Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to report the results of analyses of samples analyzed during the year ending June 30, 1904, Milk. 18 samples, 16 genuine anrl 8 adulterated. Fertilizers. 10 samj^les, 5 genuine and 5 doubtful. Your obedient servant, EDGAR B. KENRICK. Public Analyst's Office, Victoria, B.C. December 5, 1904. To the Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Sir,— I beg to submit report for year ending June 30, 1901: Samples. Genuine. Adulterated Total. .Milk 16 8 2 Watered. 18 Fertilizers ... i 8 Total 24 2 26 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, C. J. FAGAX. School of Practical Science, Toronto, November 29, 1904. The Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report of the work done under the Adulteration Act in my laboratory during the year. In December 1903 I analyzed 24 samples of milk, of which I reported 16 as genuine 4 as adulterated and 4 as doubtful. The samples reported adulterated had aU been mixed with water. The doubtful samples were so reported, because they were below the average in respect to total solids. In April, 1904, I analyzed 20 samples of fertilizers, of which I I'eported 13 genuine, three as below guarantee and four as not roiristered according to the Act. The following is a tabular statement of my work. Genuine. Adul- terated. 4 Doubtful. Total. Milk 16 13 4 24 Fertilizers , Total . 3 , 4 20 29 ^ 8 44 I haxe the honour to be, sir Your obedient servant. W. HODGSON ELLIS. 10 INLAND HEVlilNUEiS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX B.— Inspection of Date. 1904. Apr. IS.. . 18.. 18.. IS.. IS.. 20. . 20.. . 20.. , 20.. Nature of Sample. Number of Saini>le. Name and Addres.s of Vendor. Water. Official Anahjst, Dr. J. T. Donald, Montreal. Maple Syrup " Semper Idem " brand, 25.301 Imperial Syrup Co., 88 Gre^' labelled choice Quebec Maple Syrup, Nun's St., Montreal. Wm. Koch, Montreal. Maple Syrup ''Imperial'' l>rand, la- 25302 n .. belled Maple Syrup. Maple Syrup labelled "Beaver" 2.5303 j ,. ., . brand, Montreal Maple Co. Maple Sugar 25304 .. ... Maple Sugar, 2nd grade 25305 m ,, . Maple Syrup 25306 jJ. L. Jenne, Sutton, P.Q. . 1 Maple Syrup, guaranteed pure 25307 j i> « . i Maple Sugar 25308 j „ „ . . . . , 2530iJ in M . Ethyl Ether Extract. p. c. 37-73 29-54 36-94 7-70 9 63 31 85 31-72 10-34 10 23 0 08 0 27 0 04 0 30 0 68 010 0 10 1-04 0-47 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Maple Syrup and Maple Sugar. 11 Result of Analysis Alcohol Extract. p. c. r)i.53 08 -85 02 56 91-57 8«-80 67 06 f)()-7o 87-35 87-03 Resi- due. l>. c. 0 55 1-17 0 38 0 43 2 06 Direct Sacchar- i meter Read- 5!) -80 61-80 61 30 91-00 84-<>0 0 (;o 65 30 0-94 64 40 0 94 87 - 20 1 45 84-60 Cane Sugar by ;01erget. p. c. 60 15 63- 61 90 85 65 65 88- 86- Reduc- ing sug- ar ex- pressed as Glucose. 2 29 73 -30 -87 60 -21 (X) •61 •60 Total Ash. -77 4 •28 !• 90 1- 78 3 50 !• 43 !• 04 3^ •99 3^ 115 181 079 153 825 389 430 0 334 0-776 Name of Analyst. Renin Dr. J. T. Donald. . Adulterated, being largely cane syrup. Largely corapo.sed of cane sugar Cienuine maple sugar. Genuine maple sj'rup. Adulterated by the addition of cane sugar. 12 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ■/ u-^ ■7- ~ tr 'w T3 =5 '3 ^'c M fc- t- J^ ■^ -- O _g S^ 7^ ; — ■ '^^ ^ -5 Pi 1 jj ge in ■ich n ream rich, very rieh . ?' -r S cs " a r:: "z •^ -5 a: > 03 5 i — t-"*-^ i .= .£ C S '5 a Und( not mil iWate Genu E s « o o __^ C (M Oi Oi C CO 00 l-H r-l t- o ^ •^ 3^ 6 •* i-H r-l « o c c: CO -M © -O iM 1 C *"* • C-1 CC CO c- CO' T^ O CO ■* CO CO 'M H-x •"• ^~^ i-H I-H ""^ T— T-^ T-H T— r— r— 1 T— ^ X 00 00 i-H t^ 'S> © CC t^ c CO 5i S 00 c: c: -^ X (CO d CO o; 00 c -3- C5 c: © c: c^ d o CO 'JL -i- * c. © tr I- © CO t- K *j P2 cS t~ CO ' oi o ir t^ -i © ^ a CO CO CO oc X CO 00 00 'X XXX •l.t^ _ o 05 Ol 05 C- -1 — '-. (M CO O c CO X o © c © © © M CO CO CO CO i. a, -^ c ■^ ZiT^ =i: i. a. c 9 • i^ '■ o si ^ a Q c in. Cam Canipbe 1 "a £ C . it 2 ■= *^ c 1 6 Canipbe rd, Cam rd. Cam niibellto . C. R. E on, N.E ie. Cam 1^ li o 5 i A. V. Chamberl bellton, N.B. Robert Nelson, N.B. William Pratt, ton. N.B. George Duncan, ton, N.B. Mrs. David Gera bellton, N.B. Mrs. J. H. Gerai bellton, N.B. Charles Coes. Cai N.B. H. R. Murray, T, jiot, Campbellt Angus McKenzi bellton, N.B. ID l> o .__ ^ .* o l~ 1^ I- I- f' '- Sc: ? (M (M (N 5^1 IM (M Tl Ti ri ci c6 -1" s Q x^ E. - ; : - : -- - z r r r -»; ADULTERATION^ OF FOOD 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 APPENDIX C. BULLETIN No. 89— FLAVOURING EXTRACTS Ottawa, September 8, 1903. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — I beg to transmit herewith enclosed a report by Mr. McGill on the samples of flavouring extracts which were collected in accordance with your instructions of March 27 last. The nature of these samples, together w^th the names of the vendors and manufacturers, are detailed in Table I which is appended to this report. The num- bers of the samples, as collected by the food inspectors, are also given in this table, and by means of these numbers the results of the examination of eacTi sample may be traced in Mr. McGill's report and tabulated statements. The latter are six in number and bear the following titles : — II. Commercial Extract of Lemon. III. Commercial Extract of Vanilla. W. Flavouring Essences. V. Essence of Peppermint. VI. Essence of Raspberry. VII. Essence of Strawberry. I have the honour to l^e, sir, Your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Analyst. 14 INLAND BEVENVES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 yj O g o - =P5 2 u s . ■" O C tS O" c<5ccco^: eS = lilji ffi s^sJ 5^SS^ 'f ^ r -T3 r 1-^ ^' c J^' = ^■-H^t-H j O 9? " J; ~ llffifCM § ccHc^:^ 1 ^ © c c .-- © © © o © -X ■-£tc:0-r ■X © cc -r cc ~ r cc© © ©©©© - eo W CC J«3 CO cceoco re ^: t; nT • 1 tS t • ■ • • 0) 03 tc • ■ • -r. C ■.y. ■ • i ;2 pi; O 1 • fe 5 5 = i -5 c rr 1 o J= l^A-i-: c ^4= ■c 0 ■C ■ , . o~ t) C ci ^^^ '^ ^■5 a) OP r? l>^ § 1 o Hii <^ :=«.x:i § 5PI-Sf s > I-- 00 i'-. © ^ cc t^ -N r5 If IC t^ I- X C5 C-. © — . rH oc X X © 0-. © l- t^ t^ l~ t- t- t>. I- t^ t^ '" """^ --^^ . -li c . C - aJ 0) J; - ^i^A c ci CS .^ 5 ;: be "■ S 2 ^ > ^ ^•3'S.? C c .^ u ,^ o : :: : O ^ X 5 Q =«j S O 0 s t: io'H'i: ^ z.^ 5-.i- g— ^ ooooooosoo — I" — .-^ *■ J -= — z ■■< ?^ z: st^ ^ '^ ^ =^ E »0»i;OlCL'^Ol^lC: c c OS = c r coo 1 S -g 2 * " -^co ■I. -H a; 5P - o."£ " s 0^ ' r' ' ' a: X be •;; 'i S3 •r. •J ^ >.^^ = --^'- '- r, - |W 1 i' Wo .N-v •m — "M r^ ■* m — (M -»< L- (W Wl^5c<5^: MOOC Tj<-*rT<-*-^'ri-lr-l,- CO (M(NiMiMIMIMS-.T s w a: Z^ - C se 3 fi-t :5. ti 3 0; 7J Csr^t^— t^t^t^cOCDt- i-HOOOOOOOOO cocccccoccccccco c :,s =a §•5^ 3 5 ^ J S i> be X2;'£ o 3-3 ^ C cjpLi 3 g-g 3 M 05 ^-^g • - S X ^ ii ^ T^ ^ t- -f t~ O iC X -^ X T-H cCM-r-+"OioOw:3t>- t^ t~ t- 1- 1^ t^ t- 1^ t^ t^ g ^' ^ J u X 3 3'3 "S Oi g 3 rt g feo - - - - >'Zl^ " be _B 3 -? " 3 O ^ c3 - - O > ? i3 " " > cS 13 X CS Pm -^a ^ 1-c ^ (N IM . ^^•S -^ = s >.£ oS^ 0 a3 r^ r,i ,^ N 00 tc o t>. c*5 f^ ro CC i r— » 3 3 ^ ^^ 3 ^^ O-^ rS 3 a: ^ 2 P . O • O O i-J -*< X o -+ l^ i-l --^ IM N CO t^ [^ l^ t^ t^ cvi (N "M c-1 rq b|3" I -J CO 'Kin C5 (N C -a 3 8 > 1 0 d O 3 3 1 -^1 i -5 Q 3 3 1 1-^ ^ c«c:j 1 H to -% T3 1-q 3 d cd "?s ^ >> J u ^ o <5 COCOOC"^©© (Mecc»5cccoo?r:Mioco iJ :^ U =^|£"l^ ^ ss ^-■S 3' g 3 O -S o 2 _gkH ^^.l-i SOjs si? ®^ > ^ -'^ F^l CO >---3 i _fe — =ia •J! ^ co-2-o-^r-cir:xoo» XC;3:c:000.-i(MTr ot^;3x^oinicoino (M C-l M 1^1 ?q 5^1 ?q u CO Q a: K — — — 5 S ,c8 ^ > . Turbid + + 151 49-5 10-9 4-7 15 5 3 4 + 200 111 6-2 3-5 + 70 2-2 4- 1-5 0 5 + 70 2-2 + 4 0 1-3 Slightly turbid ■Clear . + 1-5 0-5 + 1-4 0-4 + 1-3 0-4 + 0-4 01 ^ 0-4 01 + 0 2 01 + 0-3' o-i ^- 0-2 01 -^ 0-3 01 + 0-2 0 1 + 0 3 01 + 0-3 01 4 0 3 01 + 0-2 01 + 0 3 01 + 00 00 + 0-3 01 + 3220 1000 + 1(3 0-5 -oQ 5.S Uncoloured Yellow ...'.. Uncoloured Yellow Deep yellow Orange Deep yellow Uncoloured . Deep j'ellow Yellow Deep yellow Yellow Deep yellow Yellow Deep yellow Light yellow Yellow Deep yellow Remarks None .... Bleached. Bleached. Reddish . . Bleached., None .... Bleached. Red No change Bleached. Red.. No change Bleached Red .. Bleached IGenuine. JGenuine, and of exceptionally high strength. jContains 3'4 p.c. oil of lemons ; is artifically coloured. JGenuine, and above usual strength. [Contains 3 5 per cent oil of lemons ; is artificially coloured. Contains 22 per cent oil of lemons ; is artificially coloured. Contains 0 5 per cent oil of lemons ; is artificially i coloured. 'Contains 2 2 per cent oil of lemons ; is artificiallj' coloured. Contains 13 per cent oil of lemon; is artificiallj' coloured. Contains 05 per cent oil of lemons. 0-4 Contains 0"4 per cent oil of lemons ; is artificially coloured. Contains a trace of oil of lemons ; is artifici.allj' coloured. Contains no oil of lemons ; is artifically coloured. Contains a trace oil of lemons ; is artificially col- oured. approximation to the alcohol content was obtainable from the specific gravity of the sample. 22 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 III. — Commercial Name of Manufacturer. Black Dalley Dull Gourlie Huckels Imperial Extract Co. Jonas . Knight, John. Laporte & Martin . London Coffee & Spice Co. Mayell. 10 11 12 McLaren . Peerless Extract Co. Seely 15 1 Tropical Extract Co f i 'I 16 Toronto Coffee & Spice Co. (Silver Label). 17 18 19 20 21 • j; I Specific ! ^ Gravity of 20255 23149 220H1 4326 23348 20309 22048 21307 21316 4338 21311 22045 23358 17857 22077 23548 23510 17431 21718 22075 23152 20309 22048 17875 23344 22076 21312 21727 23104 the Sample. 10465 10485 0-9844 0-9400 10058 0-9985 0-9919 Spirit Gravity. 11060 10440 1-0470 0-9906 10164 10185 10302 10169 10262 0-9932 0-9997 10344 10576 0-9847 0-9746 0-9781 0-9337 0-9865 0-9787 0-9640 0-9718 I 0-9520 Alcohol — by Volume. Alcohol. 0-9924 0-9811 0-9841 0-9648 0-9853 0-9741 0-9865 0-9792 0-9857 0 9832 0-9844 0-9841 i 0-9768 I p. c. 11-87 21-59 1814 50-47 10-30 17-48 31-40 40 14 547 15-21 12-40 30 73 11-35 22 09 10-30 16-98 11-00 13-24 12-13 12-40 19-49 Proof Spirits. p. c. 20-81 f 37 83 31-80 88-44 18 04 30-64 55 03 70-34 9-58 26-66 21-73 53 86 19-89 38-71 18 -04 29-76 19-27 23-21 21-27 21-73 34- 14 Specfic Gravity of de- alcoholized residue. 10603 1-0825 10066 1 0064 1-0190- 1-007O 10300 1 0219 1-1115 1 0631 10719 10270 10312 1 0440 10443 10377 1 0376 1 0107 1-0160 10484 10802 August 27, 1903. ADULTERATION^ OF FOOD 2S SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Extract of Yanilla. Polarimeter reading of residtie in 2 dm. tubes. Corrected for Volume. Cane Sugar. Vanillin. Coumatiu. Sum of these. Remarks. Per 100 Volumes. V.C. + 32-8 ^ 52-.5 + 4-2 + 30 H- 2-4 + 3-6 8-5 13-7 1-2 0-8 0 6 0 9 0 028 0 080 0 040 0 044 0 060 0 048 0-056 0 036 0 040 0 060 0 060 0 040 0-084 0 116 0 080 0 104 0 120 0 088 Unusually higli content in alcohol. + 18-5 4-8 0-108 0 040 0-148 + in-2 50 0 032 0 016 0 048 Filtrate after clarifying with lead quite colourless. Unusually high alcohol. Very low content of alcohol. Flav due to coumarin. acetate is content in + 96-0 + 510 + 45-6 + 18-5 25 0 13 4 11-9 ■ 4-8 0 012 0 076 0 076 0 048 0 144 0 024 0-062 0 036 0 156 0-100 0-138 0 084 our chiefly + 240 -r 261 6-2 6-8 0-268 0-080 0 036 0 028 0 304 0 108 Contains a red dye of coal tar origin high content of \anillin. Notably + 31-4 8-2 0 024 0-112 0 136 Flavour chiefly due to coumarin. + 31-6 8-2 0 028 0 072 0 100 „ + 2-4 + 7-8 + 60 + 34 2 + 43-8 0-6 20 1-6 8-9 11-4 0 040 0-104 0 036 0 028 0-028 0 092 0-064 0-032 0 036 0 160 0-132 0-168 0-068 0 064 0188 II M 24 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Commercial Extract of Vaxilla. This should be made from the dried fermented pod of vanilla planifolia, a plant which is cultivated in Mexico, Java and elsewhere. This fruit, as it comes into com- merce, varies greatly in quality, the best coming from Mexico. The flavour is chiefly due to a substance called vanillin (the aldehyde of methyl proto-catechuic acid) which occurs to the extent of from 1 to 2.75 per cent in the fruit. Artificial vanillin is made on an industrial scale in Germany, and there is no doubt that much of the extract of vanilla of commerce is prepared directly from artificial vanillin. Regarding artificial vanillin, P. Carlos (1) ' Considers that, although synthetic vanillin may reproduce the odour of vanilla, it has not by any means the same delicacy of flavour ; for flavouring chocolate and similar confectionery it is stated not to possess the same softness of flavour.' Vanilla is not mentioned in the British Pharmacopoeia. A tincture is defined in the U. S. P. to be made from vanilla, sugar and diluted alcohol. The finished tincture contains about 50 per cent (volume) of alcohol. Cotanar-in is a substance having much the same flavour as vanillin, and is therefore capable of being substituted for this last in the manufacture of a soi-disant extract of vanilla. Coumarin (the anhydride of ortho-coumaric acid) occurs in the tonka-bean and in many other plants. It is also prepared artificially from salicylic aldehyde by several methods. However legitimate a substance, for use as a flavour, coumarin may be, — it is certainly to be considered as an adulterant when substituted for the more expensive vanillin, and sold under the name of vanilla. Methods for the estimation of vanillin and coumarin in admixture have been worked out by several chemists. Those of Hess and Prescott, as modified by Winton and Silvei-man (1) have been employed in this laboratory. Reference to the accompanying tables will show that coumarin is present, to some extent, in all the samples analysed, while in some of them it constitutes by far the greater portion of the aromatic ingredient of the extract. The great range of variation in these extracts of vanilla is noteworthy. The following statement may make this point clearer : — In 21 samples analysed — Vanillin varies in amount from 0 012 to 0 268 Coumarin " " 0016 to 0160 Alcohol " " 5 ■ 47 to 50 • 47 Sugar . " " 0-6 to 25 • 0 It follows from this variability that most perplexing i-esults to the consumer must be found when the article as made by one manufacturer is substituted for that made by another. It would be interesting to know what degree of constanc}^ may be expected in the output of any single manufacturer. On account of the large amount of work in hand, and the small quantity of material furnished for analysis in many cases, I have considered it best to mix the difiei^ent samples bearing the same maker's name, and work them as one sample. This has been done in the case of numbei's 6, 7, 12, 14 and 15 of the accompanying table. (1) Repertoire de Pharmacie, 14, 5— through Year Book of Pharmacy, 1902, 297. (1) Journal American Chemical Society— Vol. 21, 256 and 721, and Vol. 24. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 O o M©OC;t:~t>.ON tDX50CC;MOi=OOP:0~ OClrHCC>0;303> :oooco-^.oooo©ooo© s p c ©oooooooo© ©OOOT-i^^^rf-r ooooooooooco ©ceo CO© CO I- oc©cc©Ci-^0'©©c Tf -r -f< 'c r~ ■* w ■M X 'I- ■* CC X C <-~ C iS -f t^ w ©©©0 0©©0i-l.-H 2 £ S = '-~ L' ~ '-■" 2J '~ '^ S © © b c c c o o © c © o 1-5 CZ3 o 3 o i^'S 2 5 c £ 3^ •" r" -T ^ <» o L - 5 -c ^ -3 ^ ^ :S rt S £^3 o 230 OP- (Mi~in©~.-ioo-^,-i c;oomoi— :rt^ — -^cco '»'t^©©rHt~~:COr-i?t t^OCCt^l^— WCOt^C0r--. "" -^^ IM u ^ cS Gra pie. ® c5 OJ " 3 P^l o iiT •r -ss II m r^ A 0-9811 10-460 -1-25-6° 1 0-9197 3-080 0-0 i 0-9738 0 730 -fl-8 , 0-9904 3 460 0-0 1-0373 20-140 + 46-4 0-9778 10-880 0-0 1-0038 9-830 0-0 Alcohol (approximate) Vol. per cent. Alcohol. 43 9 60-0 25 0 16-0 33 -0 40-5 170 Remarks. Proof Spirit. 76 105 44 28 9 0 0 0 0 71 0 29-8 Contains about 6 7% sugar and a red dye. Contains a red dye. about 0 - 5% sugar. Contains a I'ed dye. about 12% sugar. Contains a red dye. md and Note. — -These are all artificially coloured. There is no accepted standard for the article, and it is evident that while each manufacturer has his own formula, this formula shows great elasticitj'. 28 INLAND REVENUES 02 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 VII. — Flavouring Extracts — Strawberry. a ® Manufacturer. 1 J 17447 Whyte. 2 I 17455 Blue Ribbon . 3 21310 Laporte Martin . 4 22055 Warren Bros. . . 23151 palley Co 23434 M « . o S •53 a: o a, m 9441 •9753 ■9705 9990 •9845 9820 s (Nit Alcohol, (approximate) Vol. per cent. Remarks. J^ Jai u 1 I Proof I Alcohol. Qpj^i^_ PS 1 0 000 . 4 870 0 170 7 950 4 160 0 930 00° + 16-0° 00 00 00 + 20 8 785 Gl-4 440 31-5 45 "5 630 Contains a lavender dye. II crimson n and about 4 • 2% sugar. Contains a purple dye. II red II II crimson n M purple II and about 0"5% sugar. Note. -These essences are all artificially coloured. There is no accepted standard for this article. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 APPENDIX D. BULLETIN No. 90-HONEY, 1903. Laboratory of the Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, October 2, 1903. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — I beg to submit herewith a tabulated statement (No. I) giving a description of the samples of honey which were collected according to 3^our instructions of March 27 last, and which have been submitted to examination in this laborator}'. Before referring to the particulars given in the table, it seems necessary to make the following explanatory remarks. Honey is generally understood to be the sweet secretion which working bees produce from feeding on the nectar of the flowers, leaves, etc., of various plants and trees. As is well known, the aromatic constituents of many of these flowers are found in the honeys produced from them. Thus, in this country, clover, buckwheat and other honeys have been distinguished by their taste and aroma, while, on the continent of Europe, such names occur as linde, acacia, heath, conifer, forest and spruce honey. The nectar of flowers contains from 60 to 90 per cent of water, and both fruit sugar and cane sugar have been found in it. It experiences, in the stomach of the bee, certain changes which consist principally in an inversion of the cane-sugar. As is the case with many article*" of food in Canada, ' the limits of variability ' (see Section 1 9 of the Adulteration Act) permissible in honey have not yet been legally determined, but it seems to be generally accepted, not only by beekeepers but by the general public, that the feeding of bees in summer time with cane sugar or sugar solution, in order to increase the production, should be regarded as adulteration. This principle is expressly acted on by the association of Swiss Agricultural Chemists, who have also adopted 16 per cent cane sugar as the maximum limit which genuine honey ought to contain. Other chemists place the limit lower, and Konig states that natural honey may contain up to 8 or 10 per cent cane sugar. Experiments are on record which demonstrate that bees fed exclusively on cane sugar syrup produce a honey containing as much as 30 per cent cane sugar. Besides this adulteration, effected with the co-operation of the bees, honey may also be falsified by the direct addition of cane sugar or glucose (Starch sugar) syrup, the sophisticated honey in the latter case being sometimes sold as ' Swiss honey '. Neither of these varieties is difficult of detection, but it is otherwise in cases of an admixture of invert sugar, a substance produced by the action of dilute acids on cane sugar. This sort of adulteration has long been known, especially on the continent of Europe, where the product is sold under such names as ' Turkish honey ', ' table honey ' and ' prepared honey '. Not unf requently it is more honestly termed ' sugar honey ', or ' artificial honey,' (Kunst honig), and some of it is said to have come from America, in comb made from parafline, and labelled as 'prime American honey.' Its manufacture has increased greatly during the last ten years. It is prepared with such skill as to baffle the efforts of German chemists to distinguish it from the genuine article, although both the German and the Belgian governments have sought by every means to protect the producers of pure honey. A recent memoii', emanating from the Imperial German Health Bureau, acknowledges that the trade in this artificial honey is very considerable, and that the addition of invert-sugar to genuine honey cannot be detected. (See Zeitschrift filr Untersuchung der Nahrungs- u. Genussmittel for June 15, 1903.) 30 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Whether it is likely that the last mentioned variety of spurious honey is sold in Canada, 1 am unable to state. I doubt whether invert-sugar is manufactured in Canada and certainly it is not imported under that name. There is, however, a considerable importation of honey itself, which is given in the Trade and Navigation Tables as follows : — Entered for Home Consumption for Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1902. June 30, 1903. Honey in the comb, or otherwise, and imitations thereof — Lbs. Lbs. From Great Britain 31,856 6,209 " British West Indies • 18,754 1 " Austro-Hungary , 6,571 j p-, ^qq " China 320 f ^^''^'^ " Germany 3,-559 j " United States 85,451 62,606 Total 146,511 120,604 It would seem quite possible that some of this imported honey, upon which a duty of 3 cents per lb. has to be paid, may be of a spurious character. The adulteration of honey by means of added water has also to be taken into con- sideration. The quantity in genuine honey seldom exceeds 20 per cent, and the max- imum limit is not placed beyond 25 per cent by those chemists who have studied the subject. In Table I will be found all the information, as well as analytical results, which is available regarding 99 samples of honey, which were collected in the open market and subjected to examination here. Besides the vendor's name and address, and those of the party from whom he is said to have pi^ocured the honey, there are given in a few cases designations indicating quality. Under the results of examination are given the direct saccharimeter reading, and the water percentage as the best discriminating tests for separating the apparently genuine from the apparently adulterated samples. The direct saccharimeter reading of the 99 samples was observed in the same manner as in testing samples of cane sugar or molasses, by means of the Schmidt & Haensch improved instrument with triple field of vision. The number of degrees men- tioned ai'e therefore from observation of a 26.048 per cent solution in a 200 mm. tube. It will be observed that the great majority of the samples, 86 in number, give the levo- rotatory readings, said to be indicative of pure honey when an admixture of invert-sugar is excluded from consideration. It must not, however, be supposed that left hand rotation, even in the absence of invert-sugar will infallibly indicate a genuine honey. It is quite possible that honey, adulterated with a small proportion of glucose syrup, may still give a distinct levo-rotatory reading. An experiment on this point, made by Mr. McGill, may here be put on record. 93 parts of honey reading — 16 2° at 20° C. were mixed with 7 parts of ordinary glucose, reading -f 88° at 30° C. This adulterated honey read (after boiling and cooling the solution to correct bi-rotation) — 4 • 3° at 20° C . The most of the samples, 69 in number, showed crystallization, while in 17 there was no such appearance. In this sepai'ation of the sugars, dextrose or grape sugar preponderates over the levulose or fruit sugar. These sugars are present in the honey itself in somewhat diiferent proportions from those contained in invert-sugar, the levulose prevailing to a slight extent. Since ' it is held by experienced beekeepers that all genuin* honey will eventually crystallize, and hence that honey warranted to remain syrupy is probably adulterated ' (Allen), it is quite possible that some of these clear honeys may have contained an addition of invert-sugar. No less than 13 samples showed positive rotation, and, as probably adulterated samples, were subjected to further examination, the details of which are given in a separate table. No. II. The final con- clusions arrived at regarding the adulteration of these are however incorporated in Table I, while the more technical explanations regarding the methods of examination are given in a memorandum appended to Table II. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 The percentage of water stated in Table I was obtained by evaporating 10 com of a 5 p.c. solution of the sample in crysotile fibre for 24 hours at a temperature varying from 60° to 70° Centigrade, but never exceeding the latter figure. Only 8 of the sam- ples were found to contain moisture to the extent of 2.5 p.c. and over, namely : — No. 17887 with 27.4 p.c. and - reading ; clear. 17896 2.5.6 ' a u 21.300 25.0 ' li <( 21301 32.6 ' a cryst. 21305 28.8 ' ' and + reading clear. 23101 26.4 ' a a 17464 2.5.6 ' ' and - reading cryst. 17467 27.4 < ' and + reading clear. Significantly enough, three of these belong to the samples showing right-handed polarization and classed as adulterated. Other three belong to the class showing left- handed i^olarization, but suspected of adulteration with invert-sugar on account of their clearness. The remaining two gave minus readings and crystallization and are the only ones which may fairh^ be suspected of containing added or, at any rate, too much water. It will be observed that some of the adulterated samples contained fragments of comb floating in the honey, which had to be separated previous to examination. This is, of course, a very diflferent thing from honey in the comb. Most likely the general consumer might avoid adulterated honey by purchasing it in the comb and carrying out himself the process of extracting the honey. According to the conclusions stated in Table I, the following classification may be made of the samples described in it : — Genuine 81 Doubtful 5 Adulterated 2 Adulterated with glucose syrup 6 Adulterated with cane sugar 5 Total number of samples 99 I have the honour to be, sir, your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Analy.'it. 32 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Results of Analysis of 99 Samples o 1903. April 16 20 21 28 28 30 30 30 May 1 1 April 17 M 17 -. 17 .. 17 M 1 Name and Address of Vendor. District of Halifax. R. r. Guest, Yarmouth. . . 20240 20263 20264 20312 G. A. Burbridge, Halifax. R. B. Dakin, Windsor, N.S. H. E. Wilson, Windsor. . . 20313 20322 20325 20328 20330 20333 4317 Hattie & Mylius „ R. McFatridge m W. H. Stevens, Dartmouth E. Butcher n G. H. Caldwell, Halifax.. Brown Bros. & Co. « Manufacturer or Furnisher as given by Vendor or on the Label. i Quantity Collected. Parker &Eakins, Yarmouth 3 bottles Brown & Webb, Halifax. . . 3 Hattie & Mylius n Brown & Webb n Vendors ' Hattie & Mylius, Halifax Brown & Webb .. G. H Hughes, Charlotte- town. 4318 H. A. Ellis, Charlottetown 4327 4334 4340 17854 17856 17867, 17885 17886 17887 17888 17896 17904 17916 23339 G. A. Gourlie, Summerside D. Gordon, Georgetown . . A. McLean ir District of Nciv Brunsivick. Puddington & Merritt, 55 Charlotte St., St. John G. M. & A. A. Barker, 100 Princess St., St. John. Geo. A. Moore, 109 Brussel St., St. John. Francis McKay, 228 Main St., Moncton. Dr. E. O. Steves, 301 Main St., Moncton. Geo. Spencer, 272 Main St., Moncton. J. McD. Cook, 195 Main St., Moncton. Fred Waterson, 4 King St., St. Stephen. W. A. Eastbrook, York St., Fredericton. District of Quebec. C. Peloquin, Notre Dame de St. Hyacinthe. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 John Newson, Charlotte- 3 town. Henry Watson & Co .... '3 Evans & Son, Montreal. . . j3 Dearborn & Co 3 E. L. Colpitt & Co., Petit- codiac. Pleasant Vale, Albert Co., N.B. R. H. Smith, St. Thomas. . Bottled by vendor from honey in bulk. F. W. Fearman, Hamilton 3 Canadian Drug Co. John. St. W. D. Black, Cloverdale Apiary. Truro, N.S. Canadian Drug Co., St. John. G. F. Beach, Charlotte Co., N.B. B. A. Goodspeed, York Co., N.B. Vendor. Cost. 8 cts. 0 30 0 20 0 20 0 30 0 45 Brand or Description. 0 40 0 45 0 45 0 38 0 45 0 45 0 60 0 75 0 45 ' F i n e New Honey. ' 0 30 0 45 3 lbs. 0 45 0 60 0 45 0 45 0 35 0 75 0 60 0 60 0 75 0 30 'Maple Leaf '. 'Ontario Honey. 'Clover Honey ' White Clover Honey.' ' E X t r ac ted CloverHoney' 'Clover Honey ADULTERATION OF FOOD 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 of Honey as sold in 1903. Results of Examixatiox. ° p. c. - 90 24- - 7'3 24- - 7.8 24- 32-2 17- 2-3 22- 10-7 18- 79 14( 10-2 22( r26-4 -16-9 -15- - 9- -17- -18- -15- -10- -13- -15 -15 T) — 87 Observer. clear withlMi.s.sS. E. Wright. ;(Temiine. smell, II M Light yellow .syrup, pleasant smell. Thick ; strong beeswax crystallised throughout. Clear syrup with sediment, strong beeswax smell. Thick ; crystallised throughout, strong beeswax smell. Deep yellow syrup, clear ; bees- wax smell ; mild taste. Deep yellow colour ; clear ; mild flavour. Somewhat thick ; slightly smoky odour. Yellow colour ; one-half clear ; the othercrystallised ; mild taste; beeswax odour. Thick crystallised syrup ; mild taste. Light yellow colour ; crystallised Miss E. Davidson.! throughout. Yellow ; slightly crystallised . . Lightyellow; crystallized through out. Yellow ; slightly granulated or crystallised. Yellow ; partly crystallised Remarks by the Chief Analyst. 22 '0 Brown; partly granulated . . •0 19- •0 20- •0 21- •3 18- •7 27' •4 25- 3 25- ■8 24- 4 'Yellow ; granulated throughout. . G G 2 4 4 6 6 23-2 clear ])artly granulated Light yellow ; clear ; pleasant taste. Light yellow ; deposit on bottom and sides of jar ; mild. Pale yellow ; thick ; very mild taste. Light yellow colour ; deposit on bottom ; strong beeswax smell ; mild taste. Yellow ; slight froth on top ; strong beeswax smell ; mild taste. 18 ' 2 Brightyellow colour; clear; flower like flavour. MissS. E.Wright. Adulterated by additioi glucose syrup. (xenuine . Doubtful. Genuine Doubtful., Genuine. . 20240' 20263 20264 20312 20313 20322 20325 20328 20330 20333 4317 4318 4327 4334 4340 17854 1785(> 17867 17885 17886 17887 17888 17896 17904 17916 233f,9 14—3 34 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Results of Analysis of 99 Samples o 1903. April 22 „ 28 „ 29 May 1 April 30 M 30 May 7 ., 15 „ 15 May 5 M ■ 5 5 5 „ 14 M 14 M 14 .. 14 April 30 „ 30 ,. 30 ,- 30 M 30 „ 30 „ 30 ., 30 ,. 30 ,. 30 Name and Address of Vendor. District of Quebec — Con. 23362 ! W. Campbell, St. Hyacinthe 23372 1 L. S. Plamondon, Sonth i Durham. 23378 0. Carigan et fils, Three : Rivers, Que. 23388 1 S. Jacques et fils, Terre- bonne. 23381 1 E. Goudron, Berthierville. 23382', M „ .. 2339l|simeon Papillau, Notre Dame dt .St. Hyacinthe. 23604 J. B. St. Piwre, St. Hya- cinthe. 23605 J. B. Daignault & Cie, St. Hyacinthe. District of Montreal. 21296 H. Poirier, 1978 St. Cathe- rine St., Montreal. 21297 P. Daoust, 1830 St. Cathe- rine St., Montreal. 21298 A. Fournier, 1879 St. Ca- therine St., Montreal. 21299 G. De LaMothe, 1502 St. Catherine St. Alontreal . 21300 P. Massicotte & Co., 1470 St. Catherine St., Mont'l. 21301 E. Limoyer, 1949 Notre Dame St., Montreal. 21.302'L. P. Lavoie, 3187 Notre Dame St., .St. Cuneg'de. 21303 Robert &Freres, 229 Rich- elieu St., St. Cunegonde. 21304 L. Legault, 102 Coursol St. St. Cunegonde. 21305 W. J. Maloney, 468 St. An- toineSt., St. Cunegonde. District of Kingston. 23137 S. Fourt, Walton St., Port Hope. 23139 D. F. McDonald, Pitt St., Cornwall. 23140 W. A. Dunkin, Cornwall. Manufacturer or Furnisher as given by Vendor or on the Label. Quantity Collected. W. Myers, White's Sta tion 13 lbs . Jos. Bissonnet, Valcourt . . Le Rochefort, Becancourt . From farmer of Lachinail. . Vendor AntoineMarcil,NotreDame de St. Hyacinthe. Sceurs du Precieux Sang., St. Hyacinthe. C. Peloquin, Notre Dame de St. Hyacinthe. Gunn, Langlois & Co , 2i 5 3 3 9 5 ^ 3 •John Miller, Montreal Hudon & Orsali, Montreal. 23141 D. J. Gillies 231421 23143 R. Nichols 23144 G. W, Armstrong .t 23145 J. E. Chevrier 23146! G. W. Runion, Marlboro' St., Cornwall. 23138 J. Maybury & Co., Pres- I cott. 1 lb.., 1 M 1 M 1 H 2 jars 1 Ib... 1 „ 11 " L. P. Lavoie, St. Henri. ...il « Montreal Canning and Pre- 3 jars serving Co. 1 bottle W. Atchison, Cornwall . . . -li 11)... R. Atchison i. .... 1 m J. McNaughton, St. Ra-il phc".els. C. C. Farran, Farran's Pt Mrs. Robt. Johnson. jars lb., Cost. > cts. 0 30 0 30 0 39 0 60 0 30 0 30 0 23 0 65 0 30 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 20 0 13 0 10 0 12 0 10 Brand or Deseriptiorr. White Brown. 0 3U I ' Fine Honey ! Compound,' ' Banner Brand. ' 0 20 0 27 0 15 0 10 0 40 0 30 0 n 0 12 0 10 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 of Honey as sold in 1903 — Continued. 35 Results of Examination. Direct Sacchari- meter Readinsr. Water. -13-7 - 6- -12- -11- -12 -16- -15- - 5' -16- —14 —16 —15 — IG -16 — 6 —15 —18 -13 +83 9 11-2 p. c. 23-4 •2 22- ■2 22- '5 22- 5 20- •6 17- •7 19- ■8 19 •0 19- Physical Characters. Remarks by the Chief Analyst. Brownish yellow ; seven-eights of Miss S. E. Wright, Genuine the bulk is granulated ; smoky j ' smell and taste. i ; Yellow ; clear ; very strong bees-' n . [ wax smell. | Brown ; clear ; buckwheat taste; i. . . | i, and smell. Light yellow syrup ; thick ; strong beeswax smell ; mild taste. Light brown colour; partly crys- Miss E. Davidson. tallised. Brown ; crystallised throughout ; buckwheat taste. Light yellow ; crystallise ;d through- out ; smoky smell. Light yellow; crystallised through- out. Yellow ; crystallised a 1 m est throughout. 20 '0 i Light yellow colour : crystallised I throughout. 19 2 j Light yellow colour ; crystallised throughout. 19 '2 Yellow ; crystallised throughout; j slight odour of smoke. 20 ■ 0 I Light yellow ; almost entirely crystallised. 25 0 Light yellow, clear ; very sweet taste. G Brown ; partly crj'stallised ; tastes of buckwheat. 0 Light yellow; crystallised throughout. Dark brown ; crystallised ; smells and tastes of buckwheat. Dark brown ; deposit at bottom; smells and tastes of beesw-ax. Clear thin syrup ; mild odour and not mucli taste of hone v. 4 Pale yellow ; gramdated ; flower- like flavour. 6 Light yellow ; granulated ; plea- i sant taste and smell. 6 Light yellow ; granulated ; mild I flavour. 2 0 j Yellow ; clear ; mild taste & smell. 0 I M granulated 8 jPale yellow ; thick syrup ; mild ! taste. 0 Yellow; partly crystallised 0 ; 1. crystallised throughout. 24-2 M strong smell and taste of beeswax. Miss E. Davidson, (ienuint J ..Doubtful . . ; Contains too mucli water. . . tienuine Miss S. E. Wright. Adulterated by addition of glucose syruj). 233G2 2S372 23378 23388 23381 23382 23391 23604 23605 21296 21297 21298 21299 21300 21301 21302 21303 21304 21305 Miss S. E. Wright. Genuine 23137 I 23139 Miss E. Davidson . Miss S. E. Wright. 23140 23141 23142 23143 23144 23145 23146 23138 36 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Results of Analysis of 99 Samples 1903. April i5 „ 15 „ 15 „ 16 >, ]6 ., 16 „ 18 .. 18 „ 17 M 17 Name and Address of Brand Vendor. District of TormUo. I 23401 Chas. Chown, 575 Yonge .Jones Bros. , Niagara, Ont St., Toronto. 23402 R. English, 490 Yonge St., Toronto. 23403IF. Patience, 429 Yonge St., jT. J. Dougall, Stouffville, I Toronto. Ont 23404 J. M. Bothwell, Dunlop! J. Gough, Crown Hill 1 St. Barrie. 23405 James Vair, Dunlop St Barrie. 23406 Hobley Bros., Dunlop St., Barrie. 23102 J. T. Petrie, St. Paul St.,|H. Freas, St. Annes St. Catharines. 23101 J. T. Petrie, St. Paul St., Upton Co., Hamilton St. Catharines. 23407 John O. Carpenter, M'ket Square, Hamilton. 23408 C. H. Peebles, Market Square, Hamilton. District of Windsor. April 9f 220471c. A. Nairn, (xoderich „ 16 22065 jStuebing Bros., Berlin . . . ,. 16 22069 A. K. Roesch, Waterloo. . „ 17 22074 John Sloan & Co., Gait. . . „ 18 22080 J. A. McRae, Guelph. 22 22087 Wm. Anderson, Chatham. Mr. Chrysler 22: 22088 Hugh Malcomson 22i 22091 Geo. Parrot, Glencoe. . 22' 22097 James Wilson, London. 22; 22098 A. P. Yeo, London Mrs. Strachan, Godfcrich . . 13 jars F. F. Dalley & Co., Hamil-I3 ton. F. W. Fearman, Hamilton. Mrs. Rose Miller H. Walker & Sons, Guelph. Amos Kelly, Co. Kent, Ont, Wall&Gaffy, Windsor... E. Bainard, Glenworth Vendor 3 April 15 M 18 „ 23 .. 24 „ 25 May 6 6 7 District of Winnipeg. 17430 Jas. Freeborn & Co., Mor-Dundas&Flavelle, Lindsay, den. I Ont. 17438 J. A. Munro, Boissevain. . Deadmaris, Brussels, Ont.. 17448|R. W. McNaughton, Moo-iH. H. Waddell, St.Thomas, 3 jars. : somin. ' Ont. [ 17449|A. Grant, Brandon !From a farmer. 174.59 J. & E. Brown, Portage la Prairie. 17464 W. B. Francis, Winnipeg 17467,J. G. Hargrave .i 17469 Porter & Orris 17472 Campbell Bros. & Wilson, Winnipeg. . • • ; ■ -3 Bright& John.'0 Physical Characters . White ; crystallised throughout. . White ; crystallised almost throughout. Yellow ; partly crystallis.-^d. . . . Yellow : clear 16 '6 White; crystallised throughout. . 22-8 Yellow ; partly crystallised ; con- tains pieces of comb. Brown ; partly ci-ystallised ; very thick ; tastes and smells of brown sugar. Dark yellow or brown ; crystal- lised almost throughout ; con- tains pieces of comb. Yellow ; partly crystallised ; con- tains pieces of comb. Yellow ; slightly crystallised ; contains pieces of comb. White ; crystallised throughout. . Yellow ; partly crystallised Brown ; not crystallised ; very thick. Observer. Remarks by the Chief Analyst. ^ Miss E. Davidson. Genuine Adulterated by cane sugar Genuine. Adulterated Genuine .... Adulterated A\itb glucose syrup. Genuine . 21711 21715 21710 21726 21729 21686 21690 21699 23503 23516 23520 23522 23523 23543 23549 40 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Table If. — Results of further examination of 13 samples Honey showing right handed rotation, by Miss. E. Davidson. By Clerget Process. Approxi- mate percentage of glucose syrup. By Fehling solution. No. of samples. Direct Saccha- rimeter reading. Reading after Inver- sion. + 21-3° Tempe- rature Centi- grade. 23° Cane sugar by Clerget formula; p. cent. 4-65 Reducing sugar, stated as invert. Reducing sugar after inversion . Cane sugar, per cent. Dextrine reaction. 4340 + 27 4° 13-7 62-68 68 04 5 09 Distinct.. 21305 + 81 0 + 71-3 24 7-42 40-5 49-48 54 24 4-52 .. 23101 + 70 7 + 39-3 24 24 02 35 3 40-15 62 60 21-33 .. 17438 + 22 9 -17-9 24 31-22 42-98 80 08 35-26 None. 17459 + 19 2 —16-5 24 27-31 47 -15 76 80 28 16 n 17467 + 48 6 + 35-2 24 10-24 24-3 52-98 63 00 9-52 Distinct. 17472 + 26 + 8 + 3 + 14 + 70 8 5 9 1 1 —16-4 —15-2 -14-7 + 10-8 + 55-4- 24 24 23 ♦21 23 33 05 1813 14-18 2-49 11-20 45-69 52-49 55-60 65 13 55 51 78 75 75 68 65 75 00 04 63 7-2 31 41 21.38 18-46 3-32 9-70 None. 21726 21729 21699 23516 35-0 Distinct. 23520 + 41 9 + 35-4 23 4-96 20-9 63-38 69 22 5-54 M 23522 + 43 5 + 32-2 23 8-61 21-7 62-60 70 00 711 " MEMORANDUM REGARDING THE EXAMINATIONS REFERRED TO IN TABLE II. The samples whose numbers are given in this table are those which shewed right handed rotation in the polariscopic observation noted in Table I, and which were sub- jected to further examination in order to ascertain whether this behavior was due to glucose syrup or cane sugar, and, in the latter case to determine the quantity of cane sugar present. They were first examined by the Clerget process the nature of which is very clearly described by Allen (Commercial Organic Analysis, 1898; Vol.1, p. 260). The only difference which has been made in the equations there given is in the change by inversion which instead of Hi has been placed at 142-7 in accordance with the more recent deter- minations of Wohl. In Table II all the observations were given which are necessary for calculating the cane sugar, the percentage of which is also stated. The percentage of sucrose present in the samples of Table II was also ascertained by the use of Fehling solution, the details of the process being as follows : — A five per cent solution of the honey sample was first prepared. (1.) For determining the reducing sugars 10 c.c.m. of it, containing 0-5 grammes of the original sample were treated direct with Fehling solution in excess. The weight of the cuprous oxide produced multiplied by the factor 0-4861 and by 200 gave the per- centage of reducing sugars present, stated as invert sugar. The name reducing sugar applies to all the varieties of this substance which act upon Fehling solution with preci- pitation of cuprous oxide. Dextrose, grape sugar, starch sugar, leA'ulose or fruit sugar, the mixture of dextrose and levulose called invert sugar, and certain reducing substances which form in the syrup during the manufacture of sugar from the cane are all included under "reducing sugars." The term excludes cane sugar which does not act upon Fehl- ADULTERATION OF FOOD 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 ing solution previous to inversion. The factor 0-486j[ is based upon work done by Mr. F. W. Babington (Analyst, Vol. xvi., p. 181) and represents the cuprous oxide yielded by 1 gramme of invert sugar derived from inverting by dilute acid 0-9o grammes of cane sugar and precipitating by Fehling solution. (2.) For ascertaining the quantity of cane sugar present 50 ccm. of the above men- tioned five per cent solution of the honey were inverted by the action of 2 ccm. hydro- chloric acid, then rendered slightly alkaline by potash solution and made up to 100 ccm. 10 ccm. of this inverted solution, containing 0-25 grammes of the original sample wei-e then treated with excess of Fehling solution. The cuprous oxide produced multiplied by 400 and the factor 0-4861 gave the percentage of reducing sugar, including that derived from the inversion of the cane sugar present. The direct percentage, as ascer- tained under (1) was then deducted from the percentage after inversion, and the differ- ence multiplied by 0-95 which gave the percentage of cane sugar in the sample. It will be seen from the table that the percentages thus obtained confirm, on the whole, with sufficient accuracy, those obtained by the Clerget process. Allen states that, in the absence of added cane and invert sugar, an approximate estimation of the proportion of glucose syrup in honey may be made by reckoning 1 per cent of the adulterant for every degree of dextro-rotatory power possessed by the sample. Following this rule the percentage of glucose syrup present in the 13 samples of Table II are given in one of its columns. The samples in question were also subjected to a qualitative test for dextrine which is usually a constituent of commercial glucose syrup. This test was applied in the manner described by Haenle (Die Chemie des Honigs : Strasburg, 1892), 5 ccm. of a 331 per cent solution of the sample are placed in a test tube, and 2 ccm. of absolute alcohol gently added. If dextrine is present a white turbidity is observable at the contact plane of the two fluids, which is caused by the separation of the dextrine, and disappears on mixing. Cane sugar treated in this way, and honey as a rule do not give this reac- tion. In Table II a column is given which shows the results of this test when applied to the different samples. T. M. 42 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX E. BULLETIN No. 91- WHITE LEAD IN OIL, 1903. Ottawa, Nov. 4, 1903. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — I beg to present this report regarding 147 samples of white lead in oil which, in accordance with your instructions of August 11 last, were collected in the various districts of the Dominion as follows : — Number of Samples. Nova Scotia and P. E. Island 24 New Brunswick , . . . . 16 Quebec 18 Montreal 15 Kingston 14 Toronto 16 London 14 Manitoba and North-west 18 British Columbia 12 Total 147 The table appended to this report gives the names under which these samples were sold, and the I'esults of their examination in this laboratory, as well as the names of the vendors and furnishers of the samples. Besides ascertaining the absence of ' barytes, ' the commercial name of the mineral, barite, finely ground, or its percentage when present, search was made for acid-soluble sulphuric acid and lime, in order to detect adulteration by sulj^hate of lime or by common whiting. These, it will be observed, were very seldom found, the chief adulterant being barytes. The table also gives in the remark column the conclusions drawn by myself from the results of the testing, accord- ing to which the total number of samples examined may be classified as follows : — Genuine 100 Slightl}^ impure 2 Adulterated, but not sold as pure ... 2 Adulterated, but sold under special names . 25 Adulterated, sold as white lead 12 Prepared paints not sold as white lead 6 Total 147 In explanation of the foi'egoing it may be stated that the samples characterised as genuine are those which have been sold as pure in accordance with the provisions of the Act in restraint of fraudulent marking. This Act pi'ohibits the use of the terms ' pure ' or ' genuine, ' for white lead in oil, unless the article has the composition specified in schedule A of the Act. The two ' slightly impure ' samples were no doubt intended for genuine, and the verj^ small amount of insoluble matter present was probably acci- dental. The two samples 'not sold as pure ' have been called adulterated, although the ADULTERATION OF FOOD 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 vendor showed good faith in making the declaration. The large number of samples sold under special names have been named 'adulterated' in accordance with former prac- tice, and because their sale contravenes the spirit of the Adulteration Act, which defines an article as adulterated if ' any substance has been mixed with it so as to 'reduce, lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength.' Besides, the special names do not indicate the ' mixed ' or ' compound ' nature of these samples as required by the Act ; neither do they declare to the purchaser that he is being served with an inferior article. Twelve samples were sold simply as white lead, but wei'e largely adulterated, and were not labelled as ' compound' or ' mixture.' Finally, seven samples were pur- chased by the inspectors which were plainly declax'ed to be ' paints ' by the vendors and are known to be articles quite different in character from ' white lead in oil.' I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Analyst. 44 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Results of examining 147 Date of Collection Nature of Samiile. Number of Sample. Cost. Quantity. S cts Name and Address of Vendor. 1903. Aug. 19. „ 19. 22. 24. 24. 25. 27. 27. Sept. 14. 14. 14. 16. 16. 16. 16. 18. 18. 18. 19. 19. 22. 22. 22. 22. Aug. 10. 10. 19. 19. 19. 19. 25. 26. 26. „ 29. Sept. 8. 9.. 11.. 11.. 12.. 12.. District of Halifax. Anchor, White Lead White Paint, mixed ready for use. London No. 1 White Lead Paint White Lead Sheffield White (No. 1) Lead London White Lead No. 1 White Lead London No. 1 White Lead. BB. No. 1 White Lead White Lead, not sold as pure. sold as pure. sold as Green Seal pure, sold as genuine. . . . Can No. 023108. . . Anchor brand .... London No. 1 ' London Lead '. . . sold as pure sold as London No. 1. Green Seal pure. . . District of Neiv Brunswick. Robertson's Warranted Chemi- cally Pure Ground English White Lead. London Genuine White Lead Paint. London White Lead, XX AVhite Lead in Oil I" M Green Seal brand. 'Anchor ' White Lead, sujierfine White Lead in Oil 'Anchor' White Lead in Oil. Pure White Lead 4347 4350 4355 4359 4360 4362 4370 4374 20351 20.353 20354 20365 20366 20367 20368 20369 20370 20377 20381 20382 20385 20386 20387 20388 17920 17921 17922 17923 17924 17925 17940 17943 17944 17952 17960 3 lbs. 3 ., 3 „ 3 M 3 „ 3 M 3 „ 3 „ 3 1-lb. tins 3 2-lb. tins 3 lbs. bulk 3 lib. tins 4 lbs. bulk 3 1-lb. tins White Lead in Oil j 17965 l4 lbs. bulk .. ... 17968 i 17969 I Green Seal ' White Lead | 17971 ;3 2-lb. tinsj 0 60 Tweedale & Co., Fredericton, N.B. White Lead, not sold as pure, .i 17972 3 1-lb. tins 0 36 R. Chestnut & Sou, Fredericton 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 27 0 27 0 24 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 57 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 40 0 30 W. A. Poole, Montague, P.E.I. . . . Capt. Jos. McDonald, Cardigan. . . S. W. Crabbe, Charlottetown, P.E.'l, Fimnell & Chandler m Cameron & Co. n R. L. Holman, Summerside, P.E.I. Matthew & McLean, Souris . .... Stanley, Shaw & Peardon, Char- lottetown. Stairs, Son & Morrow, Halifax, N.S. H. H. Fuller & Co. Black Bros. & Co. i. Martin & Moore i. D. Roche F. Reardon m Walsh Bros. R. Dawson & Sons,Bridgewater,N.S J. E. Kedy W. O. Bates T. P. Calkin & Co., KentviUe, N.S. B. H. Dodge W. B. Arthur & Co., Halifax, N.S. Wm. Robertson & Son m A. M. Bell & Co. Crowell Bros. i. The Jas. Roberton Co. Ltd., St. Johns. T. McAvity & Son, St. John, N.B. Kerr & Robertson H. L. & J. T. McGowan W. M. Rowan, St. John, N.B H. A. Young II Sussex Mercantile Co. Ltd., Sussex. Winter Co., Moncton, N.B TheSumner Co. Ltd., Moncton, N.B. H. M. Kent, Bathurst, N.B Dinsmore Bros., St. Stephen, ^.B. 0 40 ,G. M. Tavlor, Grand Falls. N.B. . , 0 40 I A. E. .Jones, Woodstock, N.B 0 40 W. F. JJibblee & Son, Woodstock. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of White Lead in oil nsol- Nitric 11 most Sul- phuric Acid. Name and Address of Manufacturer or Furnisher. e.sidue i uble in Acid, iirytes ii ca.ses. Lime. NaTue of Analyst, '^^'"''l^afyst'^'''''^ X K p. c. Henderson & Potts, Halifax, X.S. 25-60 Trace. Trace. Mi.ss S. E. Wright. .| Adulterated. Blundell, Spence & Co., Hull and 8(5-55 None. None. 11 . . Sold as prepared London, Eng. i paint. Henderson & Potts, Halifax, N.S. 42-85 Present. Present. It ..Adulterated. Canada Paint Co. Ltd., Montreal. 14-20 None. None. it A. Ramsay & Son m None. „ „ « Genuine. Sheffield Lead and Colour Works. 39-35 „ „ « Adulterated. Henderson & Potts, Halifax, N.S. 25-90 „ „ « ,1 P. D. Dodds, Montreal, Que. . . None. " " 11 ..Genuine. Henderson & Potts, Halifax, N.S. 41-50 40 00 '• Distinct traces. Miss E. Davidson. . . Adulterated. Motley & Co., Dartmouth, N.S . 47-55 " " Adulterad, although not sold as pure. Burrell & Co. , London None. „ None. Genuine. A. Ramsay & Son, Montreal, Que. 0-05 „ „ 1. Baylis i. None. ,, „ 1. A. Ramsay & Son <• 0 10 ,, „ „ Sherman-Williams, Chicago 0 05 " •• " Henderson & Potts, Halifax, N.S. None. II ji ,, Montreal Rolling Mills Co „ ,, ,, II Henderson & Potts, Halifax, N.S. 24-80 ,, Traces. Adulterated. Stairs, Son & Morrow ,. 39-80 ,, ,, 11 Henderson & Potts „ 50-65 ,, „ ,,- R. C. Jamieson & Son, Montreal. None. ,, ,, Genuine. Henderson & Potts, Halifax, N.S. .S8-85 " Distinct traces. Adulterated. Sherwin-Williams, Chicago None. " None. Genuine. The Jas. Robertson Co. Ltd., St. Miss S. E. Wright.. i John. 1 Henderson & Potts, Halifax 46-05 1. ■1 . . (Adulterated. The Jas. Robertson Co. Ltd., St. None. II . . Genuine. John. The Canada Paint Co., Montreal. ,, II II The Sherwin-Williams Co. .1 26 05 II 11 Henderson & Potts, Halifax and "1 11 . . Adulterated. Montreal. A. Ramsay & Son, Montreal 56-50 II . . 1' The Jas. Robertson Co. Ltd., St. None. II . . Genuine. John. Henderson & Potts, Halifax ,, None. II . . Adulterated. Baylis Manufacturing Co., bought ,, None. „ .1 . . [Genuine. out by R. C. Jamieson & Co., 1 Montreal. 1 Sherwin- Williams & Co., Montreal „ „ II II .". 11 Canada Paint Co., Montreal „ „ „ II ..! 11 Henderson & Potts, Halifax „ „ II ..| II Sherwin-Williams & Co., Montreal ,, ••1 " , , , Canada Paint Co., Montreal .52-40 Present. 3 00 11 ..'Adulterad, although j not sold as pure. 46 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Results of examining 147 Date of Collection 1903. Aug. 28.. ,. 29.. -, 29.. M 31.. Sept. 1.. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5.. 5.. 15.. 15.. 15.. 15.. 17.. 17.. Aug. 22. „ 24. .. 24. „ 24. M 25. Sept. 14. .- 14. .. 14. ., 15. H 15. M 16. ,. 16. M 16. .. 16. Nature of Sample. Number of Sample . DiKtrict of Quebec. White Lead, guaranteed pure,! Assn. No. 955292. Island City Pure Prepared House Paint — Inside white. White Lead . . 11 guaranteed pure. . 11 guaranteed pure, Assn. No. 085880. 11 guaranteed pure, No. 999049. Pure White Lead ... 23606 23611 23612 23618 23621 23623 23627 23628 Cost. Quantity. $ cts. 3 lbs. bulk 3 3 3-lb. tins.. 3 lbs. bulk 3 3 23629 3 lbs Pure Wliite Lead, Association Label No. 26947. Pure White Lead ' Satin White, ' Government standard. Pure White Lead, Association Label 903136. | White Lead, guaranteed chemi- cally pure, for decorators. . . Bull Dog, Pure Liquid Paint . . j Wliite Lead Label No. 53040...' Pure White Lead I Pure White Lead, As.sociation Label 840523. District of Montreal. White Lead, marked piire 1 23632 23635 23636 23640 23642 3 .1 3 lbs. bulk 3 3 3 1-lb. tins 23644 1 3 lbs. bulk 23645 3 23646 3 23647 31 lbs 3 lbs. 3 White Lead, warranted chemi- cally pure. Association Label 24437. Elephant Brand White Lead, Genuine, Association Label 962448. White Lead ' Pure ' 1, No. 28573. 'Genuine, 'No. 998396; 'Pure,' No. 066394.. I No. 912246..' No. 938839 ' Pure ' 21301 21362 21363 !3 21364 J3 213()0 j31bs 21367 [3 11 21368 21369 21370 3 I 21371 [3 i 21372 J3 21373 3 bulk 0 0 0 0 24 0 20 0 20 0 30 0 20 0 24 0 25 0 21 0 30 0 21 0 30 0 25 0 24 0 27 0 18 0 30 0 20 0 25 Name and Address of Vendor. 21374 21375 21376 0 24 0 30 0 24 0 18 0 18 0 24 0 38 0 20 0 24 0 21 0 21 0 24 Jos. Langlois, Rimouski, Que Tancrede Peltier, Riviere du Loup . A. Normand, Montmagny Carriere, Laine et Cie, Levis J. U. Laine, Levis U. Lemieux et fils, Quebec L. C. Giguere, Quebec Blais & Huard, Thetford, Que Geo. Lamoureux, Weedon, Que .... W. E. Webster & Son, Coaticooke, Que. C. A. Kennedy, Coaticooke, Que. . . W. Chartrand, Ste. Rose, Que G. H. Hill, Lachute, Que McFaul Bros., Lachute Mills J. R. Meikle & Co., Lachute S. G. Laviolette, St. Jerome Bruno Beaulieu, h S. J. Granger, 679 St. Catherine St., Montreal. S. L. Lafleur, 1932 Notre Dame St., Montreal. Sauve & Dagenais, 2044 Notre Dame St. Montreal. P. Demers et fils, 2193 Notre Dame St., Montreal. A. Leroux, 2344 Notre Dame St., Montreal. G. Prudhomme, 174 Centre St., Montreal. Watts & Malkivot. 1031 Ontario St., Montreal. O. Leblanc, 1118 Ontario St., Mon- treal. A. A. McMartin. St. Joseph St., Lachine. W. E. Ranger, Lachine Joseph St. Marie, 1 St. Catherine St., Montreal. John Miller & Son, 1325 St. Cath- erine St., Montreal. F. Martineau. 1381 St. Catherine St., Montreal. N. Desjardins, 1560 St. Catherine St., Montreal. ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of White Lead in Oil — Continued. 47 Name and Address of Manufacturer or Furnishei'. m • - . n Sul- phuric Lime. Acid. P.O. A. Ramsay & Son, Montreal None. Dodd.s & Co., Montreal Baylis Manufact'g Co., Montreal P. D. Dodds & Co., Montreal. . . . p. c. None. p. c. None. 220 I „ „ 2 00 I Present. I Present. Canada Paint Co. P. D. Dodds & Co. Canada Paint Co. The London Paint Co., sold by Henderson & Potts. AEontreal Rolling Mill Co., Mont- real. The Jas. Robertson Co., Montreal None. 100 0-40 None. None. 44 75 iPresent. .None. 0 05 0-25 None. None. Trace. None. Name of Analyst. ,Remarksby the Chief •' ' Analyst. Miss E. Davidson. . . Genuine. Slightly impure. Sold as prepared paint. Genuine. Slightly impure. (Tenuine. Containsmuchoiland is probably a pre- pared paint. Genuine. Baylis Manufacturing Co , . : A. Couillard, Montreal None. A. Ramsay & Son, Montreal 0 40 Canada Paint Co. P. D Dodds, Canada Paint Co. P. D. Dodds & Co., Montreal . . . Jas. Robertson & Co. n . . . . Baylis Manf'g. Co. h P. D. Dodds & Co. Montreal Rolling Mills Co., Mon- treal. Canada Paint Co., Montreal. . . . P. D. Dodds & Co C. R. McDowell, Baylis ^L^nuf'g. Co. « Canada Paint Co. t, Montreal Rolling Mills Co. „ Canada Paint Co., Montreal . . Vendors P. D. Dodds & Co., Montreal. 035 None. 0-05 None. 22 06 11-20 None. None. I None. Sold as pi-epared paint. j Adulterated. Genuine. Miss S. E. Wright Present. Trace. None. Present. ' ' None. ' None. Present. • Presen t . None. None. 48 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Results of examining 147 Date of Collection 1903. Aug. 26 „ 2(5 Sejit. Aug. 31 „ 31 Sejit. Nature of Sample. District of Kingston. White Lead, Pure II Genuine, Assn. Stamp No. 11024 II Genuine, Assn . Label No. 061159 II Pure, Assn. Label No. 000042, " Genuine, Assn. Label No. 06102. Assn. Label 044620 „ 986294. II Genuine II Warranted Pure. II Genuine, Label No. 001795. Government Standard, Pure White Lead. Pure White Lead Assn. No. 860504 043667 District of Toronto. White Lead, Unicorn Brand, ' Pure, Label No. 47554. i White Lead, Genuine, Label I 92160. Pure II No. 067775.. II No. 925651. . Absolutely Pure, No. 861136. Pure Chemically Pure. Assn. No. 030724. Pure Absolutely Pure, No. 049198. Genuine ........ Decorators' Pure . Label No. 892299. District of London. Aug. 20. .IWhite Lead, Absolutely Pure.. 1 II Elephant Brand . i ! Decorators' Pure White Lead. . Percy '.s Extra -Standard White Lead. ; White Lead, Chemically Pure. I Genuine White Lead i Robertson's Pure White Lead.. 'White Lead 20. 21. 21. 24. 24. 24. 25. 25. 26. Number of Sample . 21418 21419 21420 21421 21422 21423 21424 21425 21426 21427 21430 21431 21428 21429 23241 23242 23243 23244 23245 23246 23233 23247 23248 23249 23250 23252 23253 23254 23255 23251 22110 22112 22115 22116 2*120 22123 22124 22127 22134 22139 Cost. Quantity. -S cts 3 lbs. bulk 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 lbs. 3 I, 3 II . 3 II . 3 tins. 3 lbs. . 2 tins. 3 lbs. . 3 II . 3 lbs. 0 20 0 20 0 24 0 21 0 24 0 21 0 21 0 24 0 24 0 40 0 20 0 20 0 21 0 30 0 24 0 21 0 24 0 18 0 24 0 28 0 24 0 24 0 24 0 20 0 24 0 24 0 30 0 24 0 30 0 24 0 21 0 21 0 25 0 24 0 21 0 21 0 20 0 25 0 25 0 25 Name and Address of Vendor. Cameron & Leacock, Smith's Falls. Clarke & Lewis, Smith's Falls R. F. Smart, King St., Kingston . . A. G. Dobbie & Co., King St., Kingston. B. D. Steacy, King St., Kingston. . R. W. Ross & Co., KingSt.,Prescott N. Willard, King St., Prescott Jarvo & Co., Pitt St., Cornwall G. R. Phillips !! '.'..' A. E. H. Braithwaite, Gananoque, Ont. L. W. Bennett & Son, Gananooue, Ont. W. A. Mitchell, Kingston, Ont Jno. Corbett u .... F. Hamilton, Hamilton ., Thos. Ramsay, Market Place, Hamilton. Parke & Parke, Hamilton H. A. Webber, King St., Hamilton. W. W. Lake, 608 C^ueen W., Toronto A. Maas, 534 Queen W., Toronto. . W. F. Cockshutt & Co., Brantford. Howie & Feely, Brantford John Bishop & Son " T. O. Noble „ Russil Hardware Co., 126 King East, Toronto. Thos. Meredith & Co., 1.56 King St. East. J. J. Murray, 224 Yonge St., Toronto Geo. Pearsall, 417 n T. A. Noble, Brantford Harland Bros., Clinton, Ont. . . . . Charles C. Lee, Godericb, Ont Sills & Mundy, Seaforth, Ont Chesner& Smillie n J. G. Moser, Blyth, Ont W. F. A. Fishlugh, Wingham, Ont J. D. Burns, Wingham, Ont A. «& .J. Mucklejohn, Harrison H. A. Havill, Walkerton, Ont Skelton, Lundy & Co., Palmerston, Ont. ADULTERATION OF FOOD- SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of White Lead in nil — Continued. 49 1^ « X •-- 2 Name and Address of Manufacturer or Furnisher. sl^ Sul; phuric Acid. P. D. Dod(l& Co. Canada Paint Co.. Montreal Rolling Mills Co. Canada Paint Co Baylis Manufacturing Co. . . Hender.son & Potts Canada Paint Co Francis Frost & Co •James Robertson & Co A. Ramsay & Son, IMontreai. Montreal Rolling Mills Co. . . Canada Paint Co. p. c. None. 0-25 None. 010 0 05 None. 010 005 None. 005 None. P. D. Dodd & Co.- 0-80 A. Ramsay & Son < I 020 Canada Paint Co ' [ None. Globe Paint Co 24-10 Ontario Lead and Wire Co None. P. D. Dodds & Co Dominion Lead Works, Toronto . A. Ramsay & Son ir P. D. Dodd & Co 005 Ontario Lead and Wire Co None. Canada Paint Co . . . Francis Frost & Co Canada Paint Co.. . 0-05 010 None. 015 Souierville & Co., Lead and Wire Co., Toronto. Canada Paint Co., Montreal and 0"1'5 Toronto. P. D. Dodd & Co I 010 Sanderson Pearcy & Co., Tonmto 21 '15 Jan.es Robertson & Co., Toronto. Canada Paint Co., Montreal. . . . James Robertson & Co., Toronto. A. Ramsaj' & Son, Montreal Sanderson, Percy & Co., Toronto. James Robertson it Co., Toronto. None. 0-05 0-10 005 45-75 005 Lime. p. c. None. p. c. None. Name of Analyst. Miss E. Davidson. Remarks by the Chief Analyst. Genuine. None. I None. Miss E. Davidson. .. Genuine. . . Adulterated. . . Genuine. None. None. Miss E. Da\idson. .. Genuine. Adulterated. Genuine. 'Adulterated. Genuine. U— 4 50 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Results of examining 147 Date of Collection 1903. Nature of Sample. Number of ! Sample. Sept. District of London — Con. 1 Decorators" Pure White Leaf! .. Pure White Lead. Government Standard. Wliite Lead Cost. Quantity. S cts 22144 Slb.'i. 22147 3 M 22149 3 M 221.'56 3 M Name and Addre.^s of Vendor. 0 24 John Fennell & Sons. Berlin, Ont. 0 21 Liphardt Bros., Waterloo, Ont ... 0 21 W. J. McMurtrv. Gait, Ont. 0 21 C. Kloper, Guelph, Ont JJidrirt of Winnipcij. Aug. 20. . White Lead 21. 21. 25. "28. 28. 28. 28. 28. 28. 28. 17482 j3cans 0 30 E. Cronter, Gladstone, Man. Maple Leaf White Lead. No. 1 White Lead . . . . Superfine White Lead. . . Green Seal White Lead.. White Lead Superfine White Lead . . . White Lead Sui>erfine White Lead. . White Lead Sept. 8., 9., .. 10. .. 11., ,. 15.. 17486 3 „ 1748S 3 lbs. 17496 3 >, 23702 3 >- 23703 3 >■ 23704 3 .1 23705 3 „ 23706 3 ., 23707 23709 23721 3 21745 5 21749 3 21751 3 21756 3 21764 3 21765 3 0 45 Babb& Kirkland, Portage la Prairie 0 45 Brown & Armsti-ong,Carberry,]\Ian. 0 45 Frame & Miller ". 0 45 Robt. Wyatt, Winnipeg, Man. . . 0 45 Graham & Rolston 0 30 W. A. Templeton 0 30 Leon Abriinovich, Winnipeg 0 40 Watt & Gordon 0 45 Campbell & Son 0 30 Allaire & Bleau, St. Boniface. . 0 45 J. H. Ashdown, Winnipeg 0 45 Tostier & Co., general store. Red Deer. Alberta. 0 45 Peterson & Anderson, hardware, Wetaskiwin. 0 30 F. M. Gray. Edmonton 0 40 W. E. Rosfe. hardware, Strathcona. 0 30 T. R. Stewart, hardware, Calgary. 0 25 JJ. H. Ashdown, Calgary Aug. 25. „ 25. „ 26 M 26. „ 27. .. .27. M 28. M 29. Sept. 10. H 10. M 10. District of British Coluiiihia. Island City Pure Prepared 23559 Scans. House Paints — Inside White. Stag Brand Liquid P;.int 23564 3 ,. , White Lead, chemicallv pure . . 23565 12^ lbs Extra Warranted White Lead . 23566 12* E.>:terior White Lead 23567 12| Decorator s Pure White Lead. . 23568 13 Bulldog Pure White Lead 23569 14^ Special Decorator's White Lead 23570 '13 [No. 1 White Lead 23571 13 White Lead 23593 3 cans ! . i London White Lead 23594 3 ,. No. 1 White Lead 23595 3 ,. 0 45 R. ^lackay, Vancouver, B.C 0 45 iJ . Main .. 0 90 Robertson (iodson Co., Vancouver. 0 85 ., . ,. . . 1 25 Fvfe & Hunter, Vancouver 0 95 ?. D. Dods & Co 1 45 Fvfe & Hunter ■• P. D. Dods & Co Wood, Valiant & Leggatt, Van- couver. McLennan-McFeelev, Vancouver. . 0 50 'P. D. Dods & Co.. Vancouver 0 90 0 90 0 75 0 75 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of White Lead in Oil — Concluded. 51 Name and Address of Manufacturer or Furnisher. P. D. Dodd& Co Elliott & Co., Toronto. . , . A. Ramsay & Si)n, Montreal, Montreal Rolling Mills Co . . British North America Colour Co. O. F. Stephens & Co., Winnipe: The Sherwin-Williams Co St. Lawrence Colour Wotks G. F. Stephens, Winnipeg. . British Xorth America Colour Co. G. F. Stephens, Winnipeg Canada Paint Co British North America Colour Co. G. F. Stephens, Winnipeg Canada Paint Co., Montreal A. Ramsay & Son, Montreal Sherwin-Williams Co., Montreal A. Ramsay H Son. Montreal Canada Paint Co. , Montreal. . . . , P. D. Dods & Co., Montreal Lime. Name of Analyst. Iie"iarks by the Chief •' Analj-st. None . [Miss E. Davidson . . . (Genuine. Adulterated. Genuine. Adulterated Genuine. Adulterated Canada Paint Co., Montreal Dominion Lead Works, Toronto. A. Ramsay & Sons, Montreal 39 15 P.^ D. Dods & Co.. Montreal [ None. W. Johnson, Dickson & Co., >. Montreal. P. D. Dods & Co., Montreal .... 0 40 ; Present. None. 'None. 23- 70 British North America Paint Co., Victoria. A . Ramsay & Co. , ]M( mtreal P. D. Dods & Co., Montreal 27 05 34-60 01 00 39-40 44-45 Trace. 14-72 None. Trace. 9-40 None. Genuine, Adulterated GenuiTie. Sold as prepared paint. Genuine. Adulterated. (xenuine. .Adulterated. U— 4J 52 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX F. BULLETIN No. 92-DISTILLED LIQUORS. Ottawa, November 25, 1903. AV, J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. SiR^ — I beg to transmit herewith inclosed a report by Mr. McGill on the samples of distilled liquors which were collected in accordance with your in.structions of August 11 last. The report is accompanied by a tabulated statement which describes the origin of the samples aud the results obtained in their examination. I cxm, sii", your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Analyst. Ottawa, October 31, 1903. Thomas Macfarlane, Esq., F.R.S.C., itc. Chief Analyst. SiRj — I beg to hand you m}" i-eport on 216 samples of liquors. These consist of the following : — 91 Samples. 30 24 o Rye whiskev White .. Scotch \ I Ii'ish 't Gin ....... Rum Brandv 27 12 30 21(i No deleterious substances have been found in any of these samples. In accordance with special instructions, I have made examination for alkaloids in all whiskey samples having less than 75 per cent proof strength. A negative result was obtained in every case. The principal adulterant is water. In order to enable me to say whether or not a sample may be styled ' adulterated ' from dilution with water, it is necessary to recog- nize some standard strength for alcohol. The British ' Sale of Food Amendment Act ' of 1879 fixed the minimum limit strength for gin at 65 per cent, and that for brandy, rum and whiskey at 75 per cent of proof spirit. Although these limits are not legally recognized in Canada, I have used them (in the absence of any other standard) for purposes of comparison. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 The following suinmary will show, at a glance, the result of their application : — Kind Rye wliisl. White .. Scotch If Irish <• Gin Rum Brandy . . . Total Above Below PEltOENT.^GE. Number of Standard Standard Samples. Strength. Strength. Above. Below. 91 25 (>6 27-5 72- 5 30 5 25 170 830 24 22 2 92 0 80 2 2 0 100 0 00 27 19 8 700 300 12 11 1 920 8-0 30 25 5 83 0 170 From this table it appears that the liquors most tampered with are those which are most in demand, viz : — whiskey (rye and malt) and gin. The last examination of liquors of this character made by me was in 1891 ;* and it is interesting to compare the results then obtained with those shown in the above table. This I have done in the subjoined table; where percentage numbers are used. Kind of Liquijr. Collection of 1903. Rye whiskey White n Scotch M Irish Gin Rum Brandj' Number Examined. Above Standard. Below Standard. Collection of 1891. Above Standard. Below Standard . Number Examined. 91 27-5 72-5 230 77-0 61 30 170 830 12 0 880 38 24 920 8-0 77 0 23 0 22 2 •1000 0-0 80 0 20 0 10 27 700 30-0 100 0 00 19 12 920 80 8(5 0 14 0 13 30 83 0 17 0 840 160 24 Except in the case of gin and brandy the above comparison shows a decided im- provement in the quality of these spirits in the interval of twelve years. Gin shows a noteworthy falling off in spirit strength. The tei-m ' spirit gravity ' is used in the tables to signify the gravity which the liquor would have, provided that nothing else than alcohol and water were present. Of course the original gravity of the liquor is always higher than the spirit gravity, from the presence in it of matter in solution (sugar, caramel, tannins, glycerine, cVc.) having a density higher than water. In calculating the percentage of alcohol (and proof spirit) from the ' spirit gravity,' the tables of O. Hehner have been used. These tables are sanctioned by the excise regulations of our own country, as well as in England, Germany and elsewhere. I may add that the furfurol test, and the production of a distinct turbidity (opal- escense) on addition of water to the distillate, are the chief means we possess for discri- minating between a liquor which has been produced by direct distillation from the ' mash,' and one which has been manufactured by reducing rectified spirit with water to the desired strength, and fui'ther addition of flavouring or colouring matter. Scotch and Irish whiskies, gin, rum and brandy are liquors of the first type (sometimes spoken of as pot-still spirits). Rye whiskey and white whiskey (malt whiskey) are usually manufactured from rectified spirit. Fuller details regarding this aspect of the question are given in Bulletin 27 of this series. I have received valuable assistance in carrying out this investigation from Mr. Lemoine and Mr. Yalin. I have the honour to be, sir. vour obedient servant, ' A. McGILL. * Bulletin 27. 5i INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF RYE WHISKEY— Date of Collection 9. 19. 22. 24. 25. 26. 8. 10. 28. 29. 31. 31 1. 1 .S. 16. 17. 17. 18. 18. 20. 20. 20. 20. 21. 21. 21. 21. 21. 21. 26. 26. 27. 31. 31. 31. M. 31. 31. Nature o Sample. Name and Addres-s of Vendor. Name and Addres.s of ^lanufacturer or Furnisher. Rye Whiskey. ' Imperial '. . 'Seagram's Can- adian.' M. J. Foley, Sonris, P.E.I :Sullivan & Co., St. .Tohn. N.B. Kelley & Glassey, Halifax, N.S, J. Hogan, Halifax, N.S J. Mcintosh, Kentville, IN.S Henry Finnegan, St. John, N.B Mclntyre & Comeau << (Tooderham & Worts, Toronto, Out. Unknown H. Walker, Walkerville . . . . . Seagram Distillery, Waterloo, Ont. C. H. Fairweather, Sussex, N.B. P. Gallagher, St. John, N.B Frank Smith, St. Stephen, N.B. . P. D. Bourgoin, Grand Falls, N.B. A. Caron, Rimouski J. W. Anctil, Riviere du Loup. . . Damiens & Cie. m Tetvl Freres, Montmagny, Que . . . A. G. Lambert, Levis, Que A. W. Couture ,- J. H. Lessard, Thetford, Que . . . A. Trudeau, Coaticook, Que .... Alex. Berriquer, Lachute Mills. . P. Siniard, St. Jerome Ed. Langlois « Desjardin & Co., 65 Commission- ers St., Montreal. Louis Payette & Co., 125 Commis- sioners St., Montreal. T. N. Laganier, 11 Commission- ers St., Montreal. Joseph Valiquette, Montreal T. Brisson, 139 Commissioners St. A. Charboneau, 12 William St., Montreal. E.Gau\Teau, 185 Commission 'rs St. J. Frail, 133 Commissioners St. . . Emile Delisle, 522 Lagauchetiere St. Dame & Frere, 13.56 DeMontigny St. Thos. Barry, 864 St. Dominique St. D. Ashdanase, 573 Marie Anne... Oscar Rivet, 2394 Notre Dame St. Mde. Lapierre, 3735 Notre Dame St^, St. Cunegonde. J. Nevu, Notre Dame St., St. Henri. V. Boileau, 836 St. Catherine St.. E. Kennedy, Smith's Falls, Ont.. McDermott & McCarthy, Pres cott. Antoine Wendling, Brockville . . . E. Halliday, Kingston, Ont Thos. J. Leahy „ Jas. McParland i- J. Halligan 23217 23220 22111 22113 22128 22129 22133 221.37 2214(5 22151 22152 22153 22154 22155 221.57 23713 23714 23715 23716 23717 23719 23720 21746 21750 21758 21759 21762 21763 23554 23555 23557 23581 23708 17487 17497 Note. — Of 91 samples of rye whiskey 25 are above standard strength in alcohol, and 66 are below that trength. All samples below standard strength have been examined for alkaloids. No alkaloids have been found. None of the samples gave reactions for furfurol. None of the distillates gave any opalescence on diluting with water. ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Tabulated Statenent — Continued. 57 Result of Analysis. ( )b.ser\-ations. Alcohol. Specific Spirit Differ- Fixed Proof (Gravity Gravity ence. Matter. Weight. Volume. Spirit. 1). c. p. e. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. •9604 •9594 0010 106 28 94 34 97 61.29 Below British standard strength in by 13 71 per cent proof ilcohdl spirit. •9632 •9G21 ■0011 1-20 27-14 32 90 .57 - 65 ,, ,. ■ 17-35 •9515 •9512 ■0003 114 33 94 40-67 71-27 „ 3-73 •0547 •9532 ■0015 102 32 75 39-32 68-92 „ 608 •9552 •9542 •0010 086 32 12 38-60 67-67 ,, 7-33 •9514 •9493 0021 604 34^68 41-69 73-05 " 1-95 •9654 •9638 0016 210 2600 31 57 .55-32 - 19-68 •9483 •9465 •0018 4 16 36-28 43-26 75-80 Above 0-80 -9477 •9469 •0008 2-26 36 06 43-01 75-37 .' 0 37 •9603 •9597 0006 2-98 28-75 34 76 60-91 Below 14-09 •9653 •9636 •0017 184 26 13 31 72 55 59 M 19-41 •9584 •9577 •0007 114 30 06 36^26 63-55 jl 11-45 •9484 •9480 ■0(Xt4 108 .35 50 42 40 74-30 ,, 0-70 ■9642 ■9621 •0021 2^82 27 14 32.90 57-65 ,, 17-35 M • •9482 •9450 ■(1032 546 37 11 44 18 77-42 Above 11 2-42 n ■9575 •9573 •0002 0 140 3028 36 51 63-99 Below 1101 •9472 •9466 •0006 2 740 36 22 43.19 75-70 Above 0 7() •9485 •9474 •0011 1920 35 80 42 73 74-88 Below 012 •9607 •9600 •U007 212 28 56 34 54 60 53 „ 14^ 17 •9474 •9460 •0014 190 36 56 43-56 76-34 Above 1-34 •9609 •9603 0006 206 28-37 34-33 60 16 Below 14-84 9477 •9470 0 007 112 36 00 42-95 75-26 Above 0-26 •9496 •9480 •0016 0-96 35-50 42-40 74-30 Below 0-70 •9604 •9596 •0008 200 28^81 34-8:3 61-04 13-96 •9591 9575 •0016 488 30 17 .36-39 63-77 „ 11-23 -9492 •9485 •0007 1-22 35 25 42-12 73 81 1-19 ■9607 ■ 9600 0007 090 28-56 34-54 60 53 1, 14-47 ■9579 •9560 •0019 1-32 31 00 37-34 65-43 .9-57 ■9528 •9520 •0008 2 16 33-47 40-14 70-34 4-66 •9475 •9463 •0012 260 36-39 43-38 76-02 Above ro2 ■9703 •9689 •0014 2^78 22 15 27 04 47-39 Below 27-61 ■9443 , •9435 •0008 156 37 94 45 10 79-04 Above 4 04 ■9475 1 •9466 0009 i 244 36-22 43 19 75-70 ,1 0-70 ■9510 ! •9498 •0012 152 34-62 41 42 72-59 Below 2-41 •9485 •9464 •0021 240 36 -.33 43 32 75-91 Above 0-91 ■9626 ■9509 0117 30 08 34 10 40 84 71-58 Below- 3-42 •9487 9466 0021 256 36-22 43 19 75-70 Above 0-70 ■9485 •9477 •0008 1-48 35-65 42 56 74-59 Below 0-41 •9479 i 9453 0026 260 36-94 4400 77 -10 Above 2 10 •9479 1 •9463 •0016 186 36 39 43 38 76 -02 " 1-02 •9489 •9463 0026 2 42 3t) 39 43-38 76-02 1-02 •9483 •9460 •0023 2-40 36 .56 43-56 ! 76-34 ,, 1-34 •9477 i •9467 0010 2^28 .36 17 43 13 75-59 ,, 0.59 •9494 •9480 •0014 110 3550 42 40 74 30 Below 0 70 The solid (fixed) matter in .solution varies from 0'14 to 30^08 parts per 1,000. (Weight in volume.) It averages about 2 parts per 1,000 (=02 per cent), and instances of great variation from this number are exceptional. The solid matter is essentially tannins and caramelized sugar. No deleterious sulistances have, in any case, been found. 58 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF WHITE WHISKEY— Xaine and Address of Manufacturer or Furnisher as given by Vendor. Number of Sample. Aug. „ 28 „ 28 „ 29 Sept. 1 Aug. 18 ,, 18 „ 18 ,, 18 ,, 20 '- 20 ,^ 20 ,, 20 ,, 21 „ 22 „ 26 " 31 Sept. 2 ,, :i „ 3 Aug. 22 Sept. 1 ,, 8 Aug. 24 Sept. 3 „ 9 Aug. 22 ,, 31 „ 21 M. J. Foley, Souris, P.E.I. . . Rinfret et Fils, Rimouski, Que A. Cai'on, Rimouski, Que Geo. St. Pierre et Cie., Riviere du Loup. . . A. Saunders, Levis J. Colas, 63 Commissioners St., Montreal. . Louis Payette & Co., 125 Commissioners. , . E. Delcourt, .38 St. Paul St H. Courtois, 39 St. Paul St Joseph Valiquette, 127 Commissioners iNot given L. McNiece, 121 Duke St Sullivan & Co., .St. .Tolni, K.15. 4371 Wiser, Prescott 24501 . . . : ; 24502 Corby, Belleville 24.506 Ed. Couture, Levis 24513 L. D. Wilson, Montreal 21320 21325 . 2132S . . . 21.331 . . . 21335 . . . 21339 Mathieu Freres, Montreal L, D. WiLson & Co., Montreal 21340 ;A. J. Oviell, 155 Wellington Laporte, Martin & Co., Montreal . •J. Fraid, 133 Commi.ssioners Boivin, Wilson & Co., Montreal 21.344 Mde. Lapierre, 3735 Notre Dame Laporte, Martin & Co., Montreal ?1?^"* P. Barnage, 635 Notre Dame F. X. St. Charles, Montreal |E. Kennedy, Smith's Falls, Ont ,.7. P. Wiser, Prescott Rigney & Hickey, Kingston, Ont : Bottled by vendor 21358 21439 21450 Sejjt. J. D. Carpenter, Market Sq., Hamilton John Mathers, 152 King St. W., Toronto M. Wade, 502 Portland St., Toronto Joseph Weber, Seaforth, Ont W. G. Bernhardt, Gait, Ont Thomas Quirk, Stratford, Ont R. E. Trumbell, Brandon, Man D. Cleland, Winnipeg Nils Schmidt, Wetaskiwin, Alta P. Barnage, 635 Notre Dame St., Montreal. . Jas. McParland, Kingston D. A.shdanase, 573 Marie Anne St., Montreal A. Rousseau, Coaticook 23209 23211 Kept on draught | 23218 Joseph Seagram, Waterloo 22117 22150 Royal Distillery, Hamilton ' 22158 Gooderham & Worts, Toronto. Hamilton Distillery, Hamilton, Ont. F. X. St. Charles, Montreal Gooderham ult ok Analysis. Specific Spirit Gravity Gravity p. c. 9402 9392 9475 9435 9384 9587 9381 9432 9238 9384 9425 9381 9415 9389 9494 9262 9264 9140 9111 9258 9170 i 9399 9425 9377 p. c. 9391 9384 9457 9430 9376 9568 9374 9427 9223 9.377 9422 9366 9403 9377 9488 9243 9260 9130 9105 9246 9163 9385 9416 9374 Differ- Solids Parts Alcohol. 1,000. Weight. Volume !>. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. ' 0011 •0008 ■0018 0005 •0008 0019 248 0-46 260 0-74 1-58 4-14 40 25 40-60 36-72 38-22 41 00 30 56 47 -62 47 99 43 75 45-41 48-43 36-83 -0007 0005 ■0015 -0007 1 60 0-72 1-36 1-16 41-10 38-39 48 14 40-95 48-54 45 -.59 55-93 48-37 •0003 0015 •0012 0-54 2 04 136 38-67 41-50 39-65 45 89 48 97 46 97 •0012 1 70 40 -95 48 37 •0006 0-80 35 10 41 95 •0019 •0004 2-64 0-82 47-23 46-46 54-99 54-19 0010 0006 •0012 1-60 0-62 2 56 52-23 .53-35 47 -09 60-07 61 19 54-85 0007 0014 ■0009 ■0003 1-02 302 0-92 0-42 50-83 40 55 39 00 41 10 . 58-67 47 94 1 46 26 48-54 Observations Proof Spirit. p. c. 83'45 No opalescence on dilution of distillate. 8411 No opalescence on dilution of distillate. 7667 7957 84-87 64 -.54 Below standard strengtli in alcohol. 85 06 79-89 98 01 84-77 80 85 82 84 73 96 94 105 107 96 102 84 81 85 No opalescence on dilution of distillate. Furfurol reaction doubtful. Whiskey, except No. 2.3582. 2. The average spirit strength of these samples is 86 70 per cent of (= 0 154 per cent weight in volumes). 62 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF GIN— Date. Aug. 25.. Sept. 10.. ,, 10.. „ 18.. Aug. 22.. 28.. Sept. 10.. ,, 12.. ,, 1.. ,, 16 . Aug. 18.. 18.. „ 18.. ,, 18.. „ 20.. ,, 20.. „ 21.. „ 21.. „ 22.. „ 31.. Sept. 2 „ 2.. „ 3.. „ 1.. Aug. 28.. ., 29.. Name and Adclref=s of Vendor. Name and Address of Manufacturer or Furnisher as given by Vendor. Beale & Co., St. John. N.B Heuke.s, Holland, bottled by \endor. John De Kuyi)er & Son, Kotterdam . Blankenleigni & Nolet, Rotterdam . John De Kuyper & Son John D. Regan. St. John, N.B Carriere et tils, Levis . J. D. Gourlaj', Sunnyside, P.E.I... . Jas. Scott & Co., Halifax, N.S T. F. Courtenay & Co., Halifax Town of Bridgewater, N.S J. D. Regan, St. .John R. H. Armstrong, Newcastle, N.B. . C. Curlen, Grand Falls, N.B •John M. Wiley, Fredericton Raymond Bilodeau, Levis, Que Victor Lefebvre, Lachute 'Nap. Carrieie, Lachute J. Colas, Montreal L. A. Wilson & Co., Montreal . . Desjardin & Co., Montreal D. Lariviere & Co., Montreal . . . T. N. Laganiere, Montreal L. Chaput, fils & Co., Montreal. Mrs. D. Racine, Montreal L. D. Wilson & Co Mrs. M. Murphy, Montreal Blended by vendor Alex. Boiron, Montreal Boivin, Wilson & Co A. U. Monast. Montreal A. Robitaille, Montreal P. N. Thiliault, Montreal Hudon, Hebert & Co., Montreal E. Menard, Montreal Boivin, Wilson & Co E. Halliday, Kingston D. Smith, Hamilton Hazell & Sons, Hamilton E. Morgan, Toronto Wm. Metcalfe, Berlin G. Arial Richard & Co., Winni[>eg Number of Sample. Bottled bv vendors Kept on draught Bordin & Watson, Montreal . Richard & Co., Winnipeg . . . John De Kuyper. Holland . . . 4364 20343 20346 20376 179.3r) 17951 17966 17974 24511 24521 21321 21322 21326 21333 21338 21345 21352 21355 213.59 21444 23202 23206 23214 22143 23710 23711 21441 NoTKS. — All the above samples of gin, excepting No. 23710, gave di.-er cent of proof. ADVLTERATIOX OF FOOD 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Tabulated Statement. Rksl'lt ok AXALY.S s. Solids Alcohol. Observations. Specific .Spirit D ififer- Parts Proof Gi-avitj' Gravity e nee. per Spirit. X e. 1000. p. c. Weight, p. c. Volume p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. 1 1 9262 •9257 0005 0 12 46-59 54-33 95 22 9443 •9436 0007 0 14 42 95 50 52 88^53 9326 •9316 0010 0 00 43 90 51 53 90 30 9476 •9473 00o3 0 10 35 85 42 78 74-97 9420 ■9418 0002 0 06 38 89 46 14 80-86 9445 •9430 0009 0 88 37 89 45 04 78 93 9225 •9222 0003 0 3(; 48 18 55 97 98 09 9217 ■9214 0003 0 10 48 55 56 35 98^75 9527 •9521 0006 1 14 33 41 40 07 70-23 9506 •9501 0005 0 16 34 48 41 26 72 31 9660 •9656 0004 0 24 24 69 30 04 52 64 Below British standard strength in alcohol. 9545 •9540 U005 0 20 32 25 38 75 67 92 9615 •9613 0002 0 38 27 71 33 56 58 82 11 ti 9555 •9544 0006 0 38 32 00 38 47 67 42 9595 •^591 ^79 0004 0 18 29 13 35 20 61 69 „ ,, ,, 9682 0003 0 12 22 92 27 95 48^98 Much .. >, ,, 9691 •9687 0004 0 20 22 31 27 22 47 -70 9573 9570 0003 0 36 30 44 36 70 64 32 9664 •9660 0004 0 24 23 92 29 13 51 00 ,, ,, 1, II 0350 •9342 0008 0 22 42 67 .50 21 88 00 9338 •9336 0002 0 14 42 95 50 52 88-53 9336 9320 ooic. 1 34 43 71 51 32 89-95 9500 •9491 0009 0 40 34 95 41 79 73-24 9420 •942C 0003 0 20 38 44 45 65 80 00 9789 •9676 0113 30 16 23 15 28 22 49-46 'Old Tom (xin," helow British .standard in 9326 •9316 0010 0 64 43 90 51 53 90-30 alcohol. •9475 9470 1 0005 012 3600 4295 75-26 turbidity (opalesence) on dilution of the di.stillate with water. The Sale of Food Amendment Act of 1879 standard referred to in the marginal notes. All samples below 65 per cent of spirit strength have been for 27 samples of gin is 74-97 i>er cent. The highest spirit strengtli is 98-91 per cent of proof. The lowest 64 INLAND REYENVES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF RUM— Date of Collection Nature of Sample. Aug. 22 n 27. Sept. 8. 9. „ 11. M 21. „ 22. 2. 3. .Jamaica Rum . . Demerara Ruir". Jamaica Rum . . . Demerara Rum.. " Golden Glow,' Jamaica Rum. Name and Address of Vendor. Name and Addi'es>> of Manufacturer or Furnisher. Number of Sample. G. E. Hughes, Charlottetown. . . . M. J. Foley, Souris, P.E.I ^. . . Kelley & Glassey, Halifax, N.S. . P. Donahue & Sons h A. L. Miller M. H. Townsend, Kentville, N.S John D. Regan, St. John, N.B. . L. A. Wilson, Montreal i R. Sullivan & Co., St. John, N.B.| Sanback & Parker, Demerara, i B.W.I. Unknown Rum. M. Thibaudeau, Quebec Hardmarsh & Martin, Nanaimo, B.C. •J. Mahrer, Nanaimo, B. C . . . Mrs, Stevens, Ladysmith .... Reuben Elley, New Westminster T. F. Courtney, Halifax.. J. Brown & Co., London, P>ng. . . Ledroit Freres, <,>uebf c Pither & Leiser, Victoria, B.C. ... | J. D. Watson & Co., Dundee, Scot. Hudson Bay Co., Victoria, B.Cl . II Vancouver 4356 4366 20336 20342 20349 20384 17936 24514 23580 33583 23585 23591 Note.— All the above samples of rum gave reaction for furfurol ; and the distillates, on dilution with water, became distinctly opalescent. The average strength for 12 samples of rum is 97 14 per cent, of proof spirit. The average amount of solid matter in solution is 6 '53 grammes per litre, or 0 653 j'er cent (weight in volume). ADULTERATION OF FOOD 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Tabulated Statement. Result of Analysis. Specific Gravity of Sample. Spirit Gravity. Diflteremce Solids in Solution. Alcohol. Proof Spirit. Observations. Weight. VoluiTiO. •9526 •9392 -9363 -9380 •9480 -9247 •9407 -8933 •8991 -8812 -9322 -9145 -9509 9364 9332 -9362 ■94.50 ■9232 ■9382 -8878 -8966 -8773 •9297 •9112 •0017 •0028 -0031 -0018 -0030 0015 0025 -0055 -0025 -0039 -0025 -0033 p.c. 3 30 4 74 9 06 5 74 5-88 3-74 6-18 12-08 700 600 520 942 p.c. 34 10 41 00 43 14 41 70 37 11 47-73 40-70 63-35 59-57 07-83 44-77 53 04 p.c. 40 84 49 07 50 72 49^18 44-18 .55-51 48 10 70-85 67-28 74 97 52-44 60-89 p.c. 71-58 80-00 88-88 86-18 77-42 97-27 84-30 124-16 117 90 131-38 91-90 106-71 Lowest spirit strength found. Highest 1, The maximum solids = 12 08 grammes per litre. The minimum ,, = 3 30 m This .solid matter is chiefly caramelized sugar. 1 1 5 66 IXLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF BRANDY— Date of Collection Nature of Sample. Name and Address of Vendor. Name and Addre^^s of Manufacturer or Furnisher. Number of Sample. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. 21. . Brandy. Bvrne Bi-os., Cliarlottetown 21.. I A.W. Reddin 8 . . I Kelley & Glassey, Halifax . . 9..! Dillon Bros. 11. 21. 29.. 11.. 31.. 31.. 2.. Archambeaud Freres, France. . . Cognac Distillery Assn. i. Rouger Guillet & Co. m Gerrard & Co. n . . Unknown Boutelleau & Co., Barbezein near Cognac, France. Meagher Bros. & Co. , Montreal . . G. Verdi C. N. Beale & Co., North Wharf, St. John. Henry White, Bathprst, N.B J. E. Sheasgreen, \Voodstock,N.Bi Evans Sons & Co., Ltd J. N. Ancti], Riviere du Loup. . .|L. A. Wilson N. Foumier, Montmagny Carriere & fil.s, Levis, Que. . A. Parent, Quebec - . . .\J: Baillargeon, Quebec J. R. Roy, Coaticook Walker C. E. Laflamme, St. Jerfime iL. Chaput et fils, Montreal. Mrs. A. Racine, 99 St. Paul St.,|L. A. Wilson & Co. „ . Montreal. i Jossph Boj'er, 133 St. Dominique, F. X. St. Charles m Montreal. Rignev & Hickey, Kingston iBottled lay vendor T. H. 'Pelou, Kingston ! u Chas. Schwenger, Hamilton ,Not given C. E. Vardon, 543 Queen East, Kept on draught Toronto. 3 T. Reynolds, 837 24 A. Munroe & Co., Brandon, Man 29. 25. 25. 4. 6. jW. J. Sherman, Winnipeg C. Johnston, Vancouver, B.C. . . . Jos. Nauthwell, Nanaimo John Tha, Ladysmith, B.C J. E. Hughes. New Westminster. The following samples were pur- chased in Ottawa, Oct. 27, 1903. One Star. . . Three Stars. V.O kV.S.O.P.. . . Champane Vineyard, Boutelleau, France. Pither & Leiser, Victoria. Did not know H. Freeman, New Westminstei-. . . Bate & Co jOwn )x)ttling. I J. Hennessv & Co. J. F. Martell 4352 4357 20338 20341 20348 17933 17955 17970 24.')04 24509 24515 24519 24523 21332 21347 . 21452 21455 23204 23215 23219 17493 23712 23553 23579 23584 23588 Notes : — In 30 samples of brandy the highest a'nohol found is 106 23 per cent proof spirit ; the lowest is GO '66 per cent proof spirit. The average spirit stiength is 77 '62 per cent. Only 5 samples fall below 75 per cent of proof spirit, and only 2 samples below 70 per cent. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1- Tabulated Statement. 1 Result of Ax 4I,YSIS. Opal dil of (li Specific Gravity of r Sample. Spirit rravity. Differ- ence. Solids of Solution p. c. Ale Weight. 3hcl. Volume Proof Spirit. Furfurol reaction. ution stillate. P.O. p. c. p. c. -9412 ■!t3D5 0057 15-54 42 05 49-55 86-84 Decided Decided. -91G9 -9156 -9332 0013 0046 2-72 12 40 51 13 43 14 .58-97 50 -72 103-34 88-88 " ■93i8 •9452 -9432 -0020 5 44 38 11 45-28 79-36 Faint Faint. -9547 -9539 •9204 -0008 0036 328 13 22 32-31 49 00 38-82 56-82 68 -04 99-57 Decided. -9240 Decided •9609 •9599 -0010 314 28 62 34 61 60-66 „ -9500 •9491 0015 410 34-95 41 79 73-24 Faint Faint. -9212 -9188 0024 504 49 73 57-54 100-85 Decided Decided. ■9387 -9308 -9302 -9289 -0079 0033 -0033 16-84 10-52 15-32 44-27 44-55 45 14 51 91 52-20 52-82 90-98 91-48 92 -.56 Faint. •9338 -9322 Faint ■9201 -9172 -0029 11 80 .50-43 58-28 102 12 „ „ 9512 ■9489 -0023 4 -.52 35 05 41-90 73-43 Decided " •9398 9366 ■9187 •0032 -0024 4-76 980 41-50 49-77 48-97 57 59 85-81 100 93 Faint " Decided. 9211 Decided 9153 -9118 -9147 -0035 -0033 11-66 10-04 52-77 51-50 60-61 59 34 106 23 104-00 ,j Faint. •9180 Faint •9257 -9181 -0076 24 16 50 04 57-88 101 43 Decided Decided. •9516 •9509 -0007 3 00 34-10 40-84 71-58 Faint None. 9405 •9370 -0035 4-66 41 30 48-75 85 43 ti ' Faint. •9223 •9108 0055 20-56 50-61 ■58-45 102 43 Decided Decided. •9263 •9245 0018 5-5() 47 14 54-90 96-21 Faint Faint. •9-231 •9208 -0025 7-28 48-82 56-63 99 24 Decided Decided. •9481 ■9457 -0024 6-56 36-72 43-75 76-67 ■9430 -9355 0075 21-18 42-05 49 55 86-84 ,, ,1 ■9491 -9473 -0018 2 70 35-85 42-78 74 97 Faint Faint. •9461 -9436 0025 4-76 37-89 45 04 78-93 Decided Decided. •9394 -9366 -0028 8-72 41-50 48-97 85-81 „ ,, ■9388 •9349 0039 807 42-33 49-86 87-37 " The solid matter aniount.s to 20 gramme.? per litre in 3 samples. 15 .. M 3 10 „ M 6 is less than 5 10 14—51 68 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX G. BULLETIN No. 93--MILK, 1903. Ottawa, February 3, 1904. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. ^IR^ I he^f to submit herewith a tabulated statement giving the results of examin int^ 227 samples of milk collected, in accordance with your instructions, in the months of November and December, 1903, The statement gives full particulars regarding the origin of each sample. Three of them were found on analysis to contain over 6 per cent of butter fat and were therefore regarded as 'partly cream.' Deducting these, the remaining 224 samples may, according to their qualities, be classified as follows: — Genuine or unadulterated 159 Watered 15 Skimmed ^ Partly skimmed • 6 Under average in total solids 9 ,, butter fat 13 ,1 M non-fatty solids 20 Total 224 When compared with former collections, the one now being reported shows about the same relative proportions of the various qualities as in 1895, and an improvement over the collections of 1897 and 1901. The figures are as follows : — November and December, 1895. September and October, 1897. September and October, 1901. November and December, 1903. Per cent. 70-8 4-2 Per cent. 65 0 4-4 Per cent. 63-7 1-3 0-6 2-5 31-9 Per cent. 70-9 6-7 0-9 2-7 22-3 6« 240 2 7 lS-8 1000 lOOO 100 0 100 0 ADULTERATION OF FOOD 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 The following table shows where the samples were obtained, and their qualities in each place : — Localitj-. Genuine. Watered. Skimmed. Partly Skimmed. Under .\verage. Total. Halifax, KS 10 0 0 0 4 14 Springhill 2 (' 0 0 2 4 Amhei'st 1 0 0 0 0 ] Truro 2 0 0 0 1 3 Dartmouth 1 1 0 0 0 2 Charlottetown, P.E.T ~ 0 0 0 o 9 Sumraerside 1 0 0 0 T 2 St . John, X. B 10 1 0 0 2 13 Sussex 1 0 0 1 0 2 Campbellton 2 0 0 0 1 3 Monoton 2 0 0 0 2 4 St. Hyacinthe, P.Q 6 0 0 0 0 (i Drummondville 3 0 0 0 0 3 Actonvale 1 0 0 0 1 2 Richmond 1 tl 0 0 1 2 Victoriaville 2 0 0 0 0 2 Sherbrooke 3 1 0 0 0 4 Famham. 1 0 0 0 0 1 Granby 2 0 0 0 0 2 Sutton 1 0 (t 0 0 1 St, Lambert •> 0 0 0 2 4 Montreal 18 1 0 2 3 24 Kingston, Ont it 9 0 0 1 12 Perth 3 0 0 0 0 3 Ottawa 10 0 0 1 0 11 Toronto 11 4 0 0 3 IS 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 (; Goderich 3 Seaforth 3 0 0 0 0 3 Stratford 2 0 0 0 1 3 London 0 0 0 0 0 0 St. Thomas 2 0 0 0 2 4 Woodstock 2 1 0 0 0 3 Virden, Man 1 0 0 0 0 i Brandon 1 0 0 1 2 4 Winnipeg 8 2 2 0 1 13 Ponoka Alta 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Edmonton 2 0 0 0 1 3 Calgarv 1 0 0 1 2 4 Vancouver, B. C 4 1 0 0 1 6 New Westminster. 2 0 0 0 1 3 Victoria 4 1 0 0 1 6 3 0 0 « 0 3 159 15 2 6 42 224 If a comparison be made between the collections of 1895, 1897 and 1903 bj local- ities, and the percentages of genuine samples calculated for those places in which samples were taken on all these occasions, the following results are obtained : — PERCENTAGE OF GENUINE SAMPLES. 1895. 1897. 1903. • 1895. 1897 1063. Halifax, N.S St. John, X.B.... Per cent. 66-6 31-3 33 3 100 0 100 0 •72-7 Per cent. 750 910 100 0 66-6 50 0 68-7 Per cent. 71-4 76 9 500 500 75 0 75-0 St. Hyacinthe Ottawa, Ont Toronto London Per ce 100 62 50 66 100 100 72 nt. 0 5 0 6 0 0 2 Per ce 1 100 i 64 31 I 100 i 50 73 nt. 0 3 2 ( 0 0 7 Per cent. 1000 90-9 61 1 Moncton Sherbrooke, P.Q.. Montreal 1000 66-6 St. Thomas Winnijjeg, Man .... 50 0 610 I have the honour to be, sir, your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Analyst. 70 INLAND EEVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Tabulated Statemp:nt of the 1903. Nov. 19. „ 19. M 19. „ 19. „ 19. M 19. ., 19. „ 19. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 26. 26. 26. 27. 27. 27. 30 30. Dec. 2.. ,, 2". , 2.. „ 2. 2., 2.. 2. Nov. 18. „ 18. M 18. „ 18. 20391 District of Halifax. C. W. Drysdale, Halifax, N.S. 1 pint 1 M 1 M 20392 Scotia Pure Milk Co. 20393 20394 20395 J. S. Power 20396 James Hogan 20397 Wm. Forsyth 20398 20399 t Scotia Pure Milk Co. 20400 H. Burgess 20401 Ig. a. Eraser 20402 IW. C. Mountain 20403 I P. Lowrie 20404 I Walter Payne „ ..1 20405 jE. A. Bent, Springhill, N.S j 20406 [James Nelson .. .. . i 20407 !R. Boss .. 20408 Frank Mills >■ ! 20411 H. E. Miner, Restaurantkeeper, Amherst, N.S. j 20412 IL. R. Dunlop, Truro, N.S 20413 W. H. Snook & Co., Shopkeeper, I Truro, N.S. 20414 iG. H. Barnhill, Truro, N.S.. .. 20417 iFrank Dare, Dartmouth, N.S . . , 20418 Mrs. Griffin, Shopkeeper, Dart- mouth, N.S. District of Prince Edward Island. 4375 I Victor Mackinnon, Charlotte- town, P.E.I. 4376 Roger Farquhar.son, Charlotte- town, P.E.I. 4377 A. McMillan, Brackley Point Road. 4378 Wallace ^^'heatley, Royalty 4379 M. Matheson. St. Peters Road. . 4380 James Pickard, Royalty, P.E.I. . 4381 Wm. Millar, Marshfield 4382 J. M. Price, Summerside. \ 4383 Joseph McNeill 4384 Wm. Pickering 4386 E. Ca meron, Charlottetown 4387 i " M District of New Brunsivick. 17976 Fred. Hanna, Milledgeville,N.B. 3 8-oz. bottles. 17977 Dunlop & Croakes, 24 St. Ger- ,> .. main St., St. John. 17978 iE. Fo.ster, Milledgeville Road,| .. .. I St. John Co. 17979 [Harry M. Floyd, 3S Sydney St.,! „ . I St. John, N.B. 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 05 0 05 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 04 0 04 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 05 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 Name and Address of Furnisher. Brought into city by train daily — Unknown. L. Mmnford, Shediac P. Grant, Lower Stewiacke J. J. Gourley n H. Grant, Halifax C. W. Drysdale, Halifax Wm. Smith, Halifax. Brought into city by train. Scotia Pure Milk Co., City. Sold as pasteurized milk. Scotia Pure Milk Co Brought into city bj' train and taken from delivery wagon. Jas. Moimtain, Halifax , Jas. Murray m Scotia Pure Milk Co., Halifax. Vendor M. Pipes, Amherst. Vendor L. R. Dunlop, Truro 0 03 Vendor 0 03 PureMilk Co.. Halifax (pasteurized) 0 03 ,Geo. Bell, Coa\ Harbour 0 06 Vendor J. Roper, Charlottetown, P.E.I. Donald McMillen .. Vendor 0 06 [Stanley Ward, St. John North. 0 06 0 06 Vendor Mclntyre Bros., Sussex, N.B ADULTERATION OF FOOD 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Inspection of Whole Milk. Result of Analy.si> "3'> iii 10300 0317 0307 0303 0302 0302 0334 0314 0310 0295 0304 0319 0310 0308 0308 0333 0292 0288 0323 0323 0.320 0327 0310 0237 Water. p. c. 15 83 45 93 15 73 63 32 48 62 74 69 92 55 46 81 38 99 96 10296 10334 10324 10324 1 0314 10314 10304 1 0324 1 0327 10327 10327 10327 1 0224 1 0324 10344 1 0324 86 86 00 88 21 86.59 87 -41 89-86 87-46 88-16 86-60 87 -05 87-40 86-35 87-46 88-70 87-78 84-89 87-04 87 05 90-61 86-82 87 17 Butter Fat. Other Solids. X c. 1 3-83 4-31 3-26 4-63 3-29 311 4 15 3-98 4-02 4 03 3-75 3 -.52 4.48 3-95 4-76 5 -70 3-68 4-02 4-31 5-03 3 30 4-46 3-98 3-38 4-14 3-67 4-77 4-55 4 20 5 03 4 40 3-37 3-69 6 36 4-26 4-28 3-16 4-13 3-51 3 -.55 p. c. 803 Total Solids. 8-40 8-40 8-40 8-62 8 14 7.93 6-23 905 9-32 8-96 p. c. 11-85 97 14-00 40 1 11 79 95 13-41 61 12 -.59 76 10 14 12 54 817 11-84 8-63 : 13-40 12-95 12-60 13-65 12 -.54 11-30 12-22 15-11 12-96 12-95 9-39 13 18 12-83 12 -.51 Analyst. M. Bowman . T. :Macfarlane J. G. A. Valin Remarks by the Analyst. Below average in solid.s not fat. Genuine. Below average in biitter fat. Genuine. Below average in butter fat. It II and other solids. Genuine. Below average in solids not fat. II II Genuine. Belov; average in butter fat. Genuine. Watered and therefore adulter ated. (Genuine. Under average in total solids. Genuine. Underaverage in non-fatty solids. Under average in total solids. Genuine. Partly cream. Genuine. Watered, therefore adulterated. Genuine. 72 INLAAD REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Tabulated Statement of the o 19. 19. 19. 19. 19. 7. 7. 12. 12. 12. 12. Nov. 23. M 23. M 23. H 23. M 23. t. 23. „ 23. u 23. n 23. M 23. n 23. M 25. M 25. M 25. M 25. M 25. M 25 >, 25. M 25 17980 17981 17982 17983 17984 Name and Addie.-is of Vendor. 20.. 17985 20.. 17986 26.. 17990 26.. 17991 17992 17993 17994 17995 17996 17997 17998 23801 23802 23803 23804 24701 24702 24704 24705 24703 24706 24707 24708 24709 24710 24711 24712 24713 24714 24715 24716 24717 24718 24719 District of Nciv Brunswick — Con. E. A. McCauley, 173 Princess St., St. John. T. Robinson, 39 Garden St., St. John, N.B. D. M. Lawson, 182 Britain St. . . R. W. Wigmore, 158 Pond St., St. John. Public Hospital, Waterloo St., Thos. H. Lunney, M.D., St. John, N. B. J. H. Case, 24 Waterloo St., Hali- fax. Jas. W. Brogan, 10 Brussels St., St. John. Major H. Green, Milledgeville Road, St. John, N.B. Thompson Bros., Manawagonish Road, Lancaster Parish, St John Co. Sussex Milk Co., Sussex, King's Co., at Milk Depot, Broad St., James Lamb, manager. Thos. R. Duncan, Cam])bellton A. r. Chamberlain i. Angus -AlcKenzie n David W. Doherty n Albert J. Steeves, Bridgedale. . F. H. Trites, Sunnybrae E. H. Hopper, Shediac Road, Moncton, N.B. Beaton & Co., City Market, Monc ton, N.B. District of Quebec. Loui.? Carriere, 72 St. Pascal St., St. Hyacinthe. Pierre Sabourin, St. Hyacinthe le Confesseur. Amb. Chinette, St. Hj'acinthe . . . F, X. Blanchard, St. Hyacinthe le Confesseur. P. Labonte, St. Hyacinuhe J. B. Laplante u M. Cardin, Drnmmondville R. Cardin .. X. Lemaire <• ... L. Lajoie, Actonvale Laurent Plante, .\ctonvale C. N. Evans, Richmond W. H. McLaughlin, Richmond . . Amede Mathieu, St. Victoire, d'Arthabaska. Joseph Dussault, Victoriaville . . . Felix Vanier, Sherbrooke Richard Armitage, Sherbrooke. . . David Lefebvre, 3rd Concession of Sherbrooke. W. J. Hunt, Sherbrooke O" 8-oz. bottles. 1 pint O $ c. 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 Nil... 0 06 0 06 0 06 0 C6 0 06 0 06 0 06 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 06 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 10 Name and Address of Furnisher. C. B. McCready, Apohaqui, N.B.. Robert Robinson, Sussex, N. B. . . . J. A. Patterson, Apohaqui, N.B. . . Sussex Milk and Cream Co., Sussex, N.B. A. E. McCauley, St. John, N.B. . . S. Creighton, Silver Falls, N.B Andrew Gibson, Red Head, N.B . . From vendor's dairy 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 04 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 04 |. 0 03 !. 0 03 1. 0 03 0 03 ( Hugh Aiton, Sussex Corner. Sussex Co. David Robinson, Sussex, King's Co. David Aiton, Lower Cove, Sussex, King's Co. Vendor -John Mair, Campbellton . ...... Vendor Gurney R. .Jones, Lewisville, Monc- ton Parish. Jacques Boulay, St. Thomas d'Aquin 0 05 !j. W. Bilton, Sherbn.oke. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Inspection of Whole Milk. Resclt of Analysis. 1 ; p- c. 1 87-23 1 - 86 •26 87 -59 87-43 86 -98 85-06 87 -80 87 -69 ' 87 28 88 44 84 51 85 56 84 55 86 40 88 20 86 59 88 03 88 37 86 83 86 90 86 98 : ^^ 60 86 24 86 26 86 61 86 94 87 11 86 65 84 86 85 98 87 96 88 26 87 03 85 93 1 86 05 91 17 87 04 86 08 86 31 P3 p. c. 3-53 4-38 3 20 3-77 404 4-49 406 27 72 50 22 74 48 24 80 83 20 16 98 54 97 03 85 67 4-21 Analyst. Remarks by the Analyst. p. c. p. c. 9-24 12-77 It. G. a. Valin. 9-36 1 13-74 9-21 12-41 8-80 12 57 8-98 1302 9-61 i 14-34 8-72 12-20 473 3-38 3-67 ' 8-64 12-31 ! 3-71 I 901 12-72 A. Lemoine. 2-43 I 9 13 11-56 Mi.ss S. E. Wright. 8-46 917 809 8-17 7-83 714 8 67 8 61 15 49 14-44 15-45 13-60 11-80 13-41 11-97 11-63 13 -17 13- 10 13 02 ;J. G. A. Valin. 13 40 94 i 13-66 MissS. E. Wright 14 ' 13-64 9.88 5-70 901 9-15 9-38 -29 •96 -79 •25 04 -92 •94 •64 •87 •97 13 85 8-73 12-86 13-82 13-59 (Genuine. Under average in butter fat. Genuine. Under average in butter fat. Genuine. Partly skimmed, therefore adul- terated. Partly cream. Genuine. Partly cream . Genuine. Under average in total solids. Genuine. Under average in non-fatty solids. Genuine. Genuine, Under average in butter fat. Genuine. Watered, therefore adulterated. Gunuine. 74 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 I'ABULATED STATEMENT of the a- Dec. Nov. 18. . n 18.. ■„ 18.. „ 18.: M 18.. „ 18.. n 18. . ., 18.. „ 18., M 18.. M 20. M 20. „ 20. .. 20. „ 20. ., 20. „ 20. „ 20. ,. 20. .. 20. ., 20. >, 20. >. 20. „ 20. Nov. 25. ., 25. .. 25. M 25. 24720 I Alf. Guerin, Farnham 1 pint. 24721 F. W. Roberts, (iranby 1 -, . 24722 'T. Arrowsmith, Granby 1 „ . 24723 I A. A. Robinson, Sutton 1 .. . 24724 ; J. Smith, St. Lambert 1 .. . 24725 E. C. Holland, St. Lambert 1 ,. . 24726 M. St. Yves. St. Lambert 1 .. . 24727 P. St. Marie, St. Lambert. ... 1 .. . 23464 23465 23466 23467 23468 23469 23470 23471 23472 23473 23474 23475 23476 23477 23478 23479 23480 23481 23482 23483 23484 2.3485 23486 23487 21456 21457 214.58 21459 District of Montreal. \ L. Dussanlt, 317 Delisle St., St.ll Ciinegonde. G. G. Lyster, 146 Mountain St., 1 Montreal. Park Bros., Montreal West. . . . |1 Luke Prudhomme, Cote St. Lucjl Geo. Smith, 14 Laurier St., St. '1 Henri. W. F. Little, 17 Plateau St., 1 Montreal. A. Papineau, 64 Turgeon St., S . 1 Henri. j James Clarke, 4 Atwater Ave.,! St. Henri. | Louis Geoff rion, 196 Richelieu St., 1 St. Cunegonde. A. Messier, 292 Delisle St.,St.il Cunegonde. H. W. Evans, Blue Bonnets 1 Standard Dairy Co., 671 Lagau- 1 chetiere St., Montreal. J. B. Thompson, Petit Cote 1 James Muir, St. Laurent 1 Guaranteed Pure Milk Co., St. 1 Catherine St., Montreal. Geo. Duncan, 35 Selby St., Westil mount. Thos. Couray, Hillside Avenue,! Westmount. L. Lariviere, Cartierville ! Geo. H. Brown, 11 Broche Ave.,! « Westmount. j J. P. Cote, 532 St. Dominique St., ! » Montreal. Standard Dairy Co., 671 Lagau- {1 m chetiere St., Montreal. [ Guaranteed Pure Milk Co., Mon-! <, treal. 1 1 District of Kingston. The Clarified Milk Co., Kingston T. McQuay, Kingston Junction. .T. G. Porter, Cataraqui O. Mc^Iichael, Cataraqui Sets. Name and Address of Furnisher. 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 05 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 Vendor . .7. S. Lj'ster, Richmond, Que. J. Smiley, Richmond, Que. Geo. Biggar, Huntingdon . . Taken at office of vendor as ready for sale, put up in pint bottles. Taken on street from can in vendor's wagon. 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 T. E. Booth, Waterloo St. C. S. Campbell, Dorval . . . R. R. Ness, Howick Taken from wagon on street while delivering. ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Inspection of Whole Milk — Continued. 75 Result ov Analysis. p. c. •74 •22 •45 •61 •01 •20 •17 •21 87 -29 10285 89 01 10316 10254 1 0295 86-52 90 24 85 92 p. c. 4 34 3 05 434 2 04 3-90 p. c. Analyst. ■78 81 19 •19 ■82 12 •19 •14 794 914 712 10 18 p. c. A. Lemoine. T. Macfarlane Dr. .T. T. Donald. 10-99 13 48 9 76 14 08 Remarks by tiie Analyst. Genuine. Underaveragein non-fatty solids. f4enuine. Doubtful, vnider average in butter fat. Genuine. Low in solids not fat. Under average in solids not fat. Partly skimmed. Genuine. Partly skimmed. Genuine. Low in solids and fat, probably watered. Genuine. Miss S. E. Wright Slightly watered, therefore adul- tei-ated. M Genuine. ., Watered, therefore adulterated. .1 Unadulterated. 76 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 1905 Tabulated Staement of the Nov . 25 . 25. 25. Dec. 25.. 25.. 25.. 25. 27. 27. 27., 21460 jF. X. Theriault, Kingston June ' tion. 21461 ,E. Ferrier, Williamsville 21462 Joseph Morton, Kingston June ! tion. 21463 I John Gillespie, Barriefield 21464 A. E. Waller, Kingston Junction 21465 The Clarified Milk Co., Kingston 21466 25.. 21467 26.. 21468 26.. 21469 26.. 21470 27.. 21471 27.. 21472 27.. 21473 27.. 21474 27.. 21475 27.. 21476 27.. 21477 21480 21481 21482 21483 23257 23258 23259 23260 23261 23262 23263 23264 23265 23266 23267 23268 23269 23272 23270 23271 23273 3.1 23274 F. P. Grass. Albert St., Kingston James T. Watt, Perth, Ont John Bradv, Perth H. J. Chaplin, Perth Win. Warnoek, Curaniings B'dge, Ottawa. Ottawa Dairj' Co., Ottawa R. Ormond, Cu.rnmings Bridge* . J. Craig, Curiimiugs Bridge Arthur Grimes, Aylmer, P.Q Ottawa Dairy Co. , Ottawa iP. Clarke, Albert St., Ottawa. . . t Ottawa Dairy Co., Ottawa Toronto District. Geo. Pope, 204 Victoria St., Tor. W. Bawden, 1234 College „ A. Arnold, 685 Yonge n Miss Flauley, 278 Church >. John Cranston, 245 n h W. J. Campbell, 421 Yonge St., Toronto, Union Dairy Co. Richard Douglity, Bedford Park, Toionto. Richard Doughty, Bedford Park, Toronto. S. J. Peacock, 82 Power St., Tor. S. Price & Sons, Ltd., 217 King St., E., Toronto. S. Price & Sons, Ltd., 217 King St., E., Toronto. A. Cowley, 289 Queen St., Toronto James R. Hambridge, 273 Queen St., Toronto. S. Price & Sons, Ltd.. 217 King St. E., Toronto. City Dairy Co.. Toronto " 4 " " 1 pint. quart pint . quart 1 pint. 1 M . pint 0 05 ' 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 j Taken from factory, in stock as supplied by W. Gardner, Perth Road. 0 05 Taken at factory from a quart bottle in stock as prepared for deli\'ery to customers. 0 05 i 0 05 Taken from Mao;on on .street 0 05 I M „ „ 0 05 i ,. „ „ .... 0 05 j 0 06 !, ". ',', (No.' 19) 0 03 „ „ „ 0 03 „ „ „ .... 0 05 „ „ ' „ 0 06 I „ ., „ (No. 16) 0 06 Taken at factory, put up in bottle ready for delivery. 0 03 IScobie & Fee, taken after clarifica- ; tion . 0 03 Scobie & Fee, taken before clarifica- tion . 0 03 J. McKellar, taken after clarifica- tion. 0 03 J. McKellar, taken before clarifica- tion . 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 031 0 03l 0 03?i 0 03i Taken from wagon on street. Taken at store of vendor. . Woljurn Dairy Taken at dairy of vendor. From wagon on street Vendor's farm Taken at vendor's dairy . From bottled stock James Moffatt, We.^ford, before pas- teurising. Taken at vendor's dairj'. James Darlington, Wexford ; before being pasteurized. R. M. Loveless, Agincourt J as. Montgomery, Streetsville. . . . As the milk ran through pasteurizing machine. As bottled ready for sale ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Inspection of Whole Milk — Continued. 77 Result of Analysis. Water. Butter Fat. Other Solids. p.c. p.c. p.c. 10275 88-31 3-77 7-92 10305 10295 86-62 87-55 4-37 3-71 901 8-74 10305 10254 10285 86-81 86-70 87 01 4-15 4-40 3-83 904 8-90 9 16 10275 87-84 3-75 8-41 10285 10295 10295 10295 86-83 87-39 86-50 86-74 4-23 3-88 4 47 3-89 8-94 8-73 903 9-36 1031G 10316 10295 10285 10316 1 0305 10295 88-52 87-20 87 -13 86 05 87 00 87-41 85-55 2-64 3 77 3-64 4-58 4-67 3-63 4-79 8-74 8-93 9 13 9-27 8 23 8-86 9 -.56 10295 87-05 3-89 9 06 10305 87 16 3-87 8 97 1 0316 87 -05 3-6-z 9 33 1 0316 86-88 3-74 9-38 10290 1 0330 1 0330 1 0290 1 0310 1 0310 89-46 87-80 88 -05 89-83 88.83 88-79 3-25 3-58 3-48 2-55 3-52 3 48 719 8-62 8-47 7-62 765 7-73 10340 86-84 419 8-97 10340 86-64 4-53 8-83 10280 1 0310 89 .53 88-85 3-01 3-16 7-46 7-99 10330 87-66 3-53 8-81 10320 10300 87-47 89-20 4-15 314 8-38 7-66 10340 87-60 3-48 8-92 10340 10320 1 0330 86-97 87-29 87-53 3-99 411 3-73 9 04 8-60 8-71 10330 87-83 3-56 8-61 P- c. 11 69 13-38 12-45 13 19 13 30 12-99 12-16 13 17 12 61 13 .50 13 25 11 38 12 70 12 77 13 85 12 90 12 49 14 35 12 95 12 84 12 95 13 12 10 44 12 20 11 95 10 17 11 17 11 21 13 16 13 36 10 47 11 15 12 34 12 53 10 80 12 40 13 03 12 71 12 47 12 17 Miss S. E. Wright Dr. W. H. Ellis Remarks by the Analj'st. Under average in non-fatty solids. Genuine. Partly skimmed, therefore adlt'd. Genuine. Adulterated by addition of water. Genuine. Adulterated by addition of water. Under average in total solids. Genuine. Adulterated by addition of water. Under average in solid.<. Genuine. Adulterated by addition of water. Genuine. 78 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Tabulated Statement of the Dec. Nov. 24. 24. 24. 25. 25. 25. 30. 30. Nov. 30. Dec. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Nov. 30. Dec. 1 . 1. 1. 1. 1. 23275 D. Duncan Waterdown, Hamilton 23276 23277 23278 23279 23280 22160 22101 22162 22163 22164 22165 22166 22167 22168 22169 22170 22171 221', 2 22173 22175 22176 22177 .1. (). Ryckraan, 87 Victoria St., Hajnilton. Cha.s. Cochrane, Hamilton G. Hamilton, 223 E. Av., Hamilton Pure Milk Corpt-ration, i. London District. Name and Address of Furni.sher. Q quart. 22178 Simon Kelly 22179 ,T. H. Dent, Woodstock. 22180 jJohn Masson 22181 } George Masson ,. Nov. 20.. 23901 n 20.. 23902 , 20.. 23903 , 20.. 23904 , 20.. 23905 ■ 20.. 23906 . 20.. 23907 ■ 20.. 2390>^ ■ 20.. 239U^» , 23.. 23910 ■ 23.. 23911 , 25.. 23912 , 26.. 23913 , 26.. 23914 , 26.. 23915 . 26.. 23916 - 26 . 23917 , 26.. 23918 Winnipeg District. jJohn Bain, Virden, Man G. Coombes, Brandon, Man 'Brandon Dairy Co., Brandon, Man .T. White, Brandon, Man j-Brandon Creamery Supply Co . . . !C. V. Walleghen, Winnipeg, Man P. Gaspas, St. Boniface, Man .. Winnipeg Pure Milk Co ... S. Eddleston, Winnipeg, Man . . Wm. Cumuiings, Winnipeg, Man A. Panquerin >• W. S. Craig J. .Johnston " A. Walleghion n iW. A. Spiers iDickson Bros. n j.J. Davidson, Fort Rouge Elm Park Dairy, Winnipeg, Man 1 pint .$ cts.] i 0 03 From \v.>.gon on .street 0 03 j 0 03 0 03 I H 0 03 j Taken on premi-ses before being sterilized. 0 03 After it lias been through machine. (No. 84). 0 06 0 06 0 06 0 03 J ohn Porter, Goderich 1 Samuel Bisset, n 1 .John Beattie, << Hugh Gree ves, Tuckersmi th To vvn ship, collected in Seaforth . Daniel Grunnet, Seaforth Joseph Brown, McKillop Town ship, collected in Seaforth. [ Phillip Cornish, Stratford ..... |l R. S. Beattie, Ellis Township, |1 Stratford P.O. i A. .J. Clarke, Downey Township, 1 quart..! 0 06 Stratford P.O. J. Foster & Sons, Westminster Township, London. G. Tupholme, London W. .J. Walker •■ Arthur Wilson n William McKone, Albert Avenue, London. Fred Cheplow, St. Thomas . J. A. Small n Fred. Carr n 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 06 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 Vendor, collected on street Vendor, bottled milk 'Collected from sleigh in Stratford. Vendor, collected from milk sleigh in Stratford. From milk wagon on street . Vendor From large can in wagon on street in St. Thomas. Vendor John Speck, Woodstock, and John Dunn, East York. Vendor 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 Vendor, Royal Dairy. I 11 Scotch Dairy 11 City Dairy . . I .1 Dairy ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Inspection of Whole Milk — Continued. 79 Result of Analysis. Analvst. Remarks by tlie Analy.st. 13- 50 MissS. E. Wright. 12- 45 Genuine. U.nder average in .solids. Genuine. Genuine. 12 81 A. Lenioine. 12-13 13 '58 A. Lemoine . . I 12-59 It. Macfarlane Under average in b tter fats. Genuine. B. Kenrick. Under average in non-fatty solids Under average in butter fat. Genuine. Watered, therefore adulterated. Genuine. Genuine. Fat below average. Below average in total solid.-- Partly skimmed. Genuine. Watered. Skimmed. Genuine. Skimmed. Genuine. Below average in total solids. Watered and below average in non-fatty solids. 80 INLAND REV EN DBS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Tabulated Statement of the u i9oa. Dec. 14. 16. 17. 17. 18. 21.. 22., 23. 23., Nov. 26. .. 26. „ 26. M 27. .. 27. M 27. ., 30. - 30. .. 30. ■> 30. M 30. M 30. Dec. 2. 2. 2. MaiDe and Address of Vendor. Calyarii District. 21766 W. Maxwell, Ponoka, Alta. 21767 M. Theroux, Wetaskiwin, Alta. . 21768 C. A. Pomeroy, Edmonton, Alta. 21769 C. York 21771 E. Wilson, Strathcona, Alta . . . 21772 V. N. DeMille, Calgary 21773 E. Hooper .. 21775 F. M. Freeze 21776 D. W. Woolvains „ British Columbia District. 23596 James Black, Vancouver 26.. 23597 26.. i 23598 26. . 23600 23599 24901 24902 24903 21904 24005 24906 24907 24908 24909 24910 24914 24915 24916 Main Bros., .i J. N. Bond -, Intl. Ice & Cold Storage Co. j Vancouver. I Adam Svenciskj% Vancouver . . . Spa Candy Co. <• ... P. Young, New Westminster. . . F. W. Smith G. E. Murphy n ... W. Clarke, Victoria C. Macdonald T. Alexander W. Sinclair Hill & Green L. McRae Charles House, Xanaimo S. Waddington m Charles House ■! 1 pint O 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 Name and Address of Furnisher. 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 jC. Smith, Sea Island, near Van- couver. 0 05 0 05 0 05 Vendor. Vendor McKay, Almond & Co Vendor ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Inspection of Whole Milk — Concluded. 81 Result op Analysis. 0337 0306 0317 0286 0306 0327 0286 0317 0266 10300 0260 0290 0290 0300 0280 0302 0260 0290 0290 0340 0280 0280 0330 0310 0340 0320 0340 Butter Other Fat. Solids. p. c. p. c. p. c. 87-71 3-17 912 88 03 3 31 8 66 87 08 4 03 8 89 88 45 3 92 i 63 86 71 4 72 s 57 87 22 3 82 8 96 88 32 3 58 S 10 88 64 2 97 8 39 84-42 8-07 7-51 87 OS 4-00 8-92 89-93 2- 17 7-90 87 90 3 29 8 81 88 25 3 42 8 33 86 14 4 66 9 20 88 46 3 16 8 38 86 98 4 32 8 70 88 54 3 75 / 71 87 75 3 90 8 35 88 27 3 44 8 19 87 05 3 54 9 41 89 74 2 88 / 38 88 75 3 43 7 82 86 64 4 20 9 16 86 56 4 57 8 83 86 08 4 42 9 50 87 26 3 80 8 94 ; 86 61 4 70 9 69 Analyst. Total Solids. p. c. 12-92 Miss S. E. Wrig-ht. Dr. C. J. Fagan. Remarks by the Analyst. Undar average in butter fat. Genuine. Under avei-age in non-fatty solids Genuine. Under average in total solids. Partly skimmed. Under average in non-fatty'solids Genuine. Watered. Genuine. Under average in total solids. ' (Genuine. Under average in'non-fatty solids, 1 Genuine. Watered. Under average in total solids. Genuine. t-6 32 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD Vli., A. 1905 APPENDIX H. BULLETIN No. 94— CIDER. Ottawa, February 6, 1904. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. SxR, — In accordance with your instructions of August 4, 190.3, a collection was made in November and December last of 41 samples of commercial cider, the whole of which were examined in this laboratory by Mr. J. G. A. Valin, the results of whose work are given in the accompanying tabulated statement. The specific gravity of these samples, taken at 1.5-5° C, varies from 1 • 0025 with 9 • 54 per cent of alcohol by volume to 1 • 0688 with only 1-13 per cent. Seventeen out of the forty-one samples contain less than 1 per cent of alcohol by volume, and may be regarded as non-alcoholic. The specific gravities of these vary from 1 -0368 to 1 -0627, the latter figure being probably higher than the density of pure apple juice. In 1896, I had occa- sion to determine the gravity of five samples of what was said to be fresh apple juice, made at Lambeth near London, Ont., for the production of cider vinegar. They ranged from 1 • 0464 to 1 • 0485 at 18° C. Two samples of apple juice ' fresh from the press,' intended for the manufacture of cider, were supplied to this laboratory in October, 1903, and after filtration found to have specific gravities respectively of 1 ■ 0546 and 1 • 0573 at 15.5° C. Having in view these variations it would seem necessary to obtain, at the place of production, undoubtedly genuine samples of fresh and pure apple juice before drawing any conclusions regarding the samples described in the tables as to their containing added water or sugar. It will be observed that fourteen of these ciders have been found to contain small qnantities of salicylic acid, the addition of which to alcoholic fermented or other port- able liquors renders them, according to the Adulteration Act, liable to be considered as adulterated in a manner injurious to the health. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief A nalyst. 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1905 SAMPLES OF CIDEE 14^61 83 84 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 Results of Examining 41 Nature of Sample . 12; Xame and Address of Vendor. Cost. Quantity. Sets. Xame and Address of Manufacturer or Furnisher. Nov 26 New Cider. . 20409iH. W. Shenton, Spnnghill, 3 pints N.S. 261 " .. 20410'McLeod Bros., Amherst,' « ^ N.S. ! 20415 S. M. Bentley, Truro, N.S Dec. Nov. Dec. Nov. Dec. Nov. Dic. 27 30 30 4 5 o 25 25 11 12 30 Apple Cider 4' 7 10 27| 27 12 16 16 16 16 3 3 3 4 4 1 20416 20419 4385 17989 17999 18000 24525 24527 24528 24529 21478 Sweet Cider Nov. Dec. J. E. Walker, Dartmouth, N.S. I Rooney & Lovett, Halifax, N.S. Jas. Chiiig, Summeraide, P.E.I. 4388 Jas. Duffey, Charlottetown . 4389 F. While, "Charlottetown . . . i 17988 J. H. Walker, 149 King St.i East, St. John. | Harry G. McBeath, 239Ciiar-' lotte St., St. John, N.B. Beaton & Co., City Market, } Moncton. ! .J. D. Leblanc, Main St.,j Moncton. A. Papineau, St. Cesaire, 12 bottles. Que. • ; Pagnuelo Freres, St. Hya- .i cinthe. ■ E. Ducharme, Mt. St. Hilairel •> Jo.se ph Vachon, Valleyfield. . ■> J. Bacnbrick, 50 George St., 3 pints. . . Ottawa. 21479 Wall & Co., Market Square, 1 quart. . Ottawa . I 24531 J. P. Delisle, VaUeyfield. ... 12 bottles. 23488 0. Gratton, 2094 St. Cather-jl quart.. ine St., Montreal. 23489 L. P. Forrest, 1978 St. Cath-| .. . . t erine St., Montreal. 1 23490;Gravel Freres, St. Catherine] I St. I 23491!P. Elliott, City Councillor ' St., Montreal. 23281 Kelly Bros.. Queen St. E., Toronto. 23282 W. Nettleton, 125 Church St., Toronto. 23283'Medland Bros.. King St. E., Toronto. 23284 Andrew G. Bain, King St. E., Hamilton. j 23285 Hazel & Son, King St. W., .. .. Hamilton. ' 22174 Robt. Gardiner, 760 William 1 St., London. 22182:Sol. Allen, Norwich j 22 183' J. Ford & Co., Brantford. ... .. . 2391 9iE. T. Drewry, Winnipeg 3 quarts. i 2392o!The Blaekwoods Co., Ltd., 3 pints . . I j W'tinipeg. I 2392l|McNab & Roberts, WinnipegI3 quarts. I 2.3922;Hudson Bay Co., Winnipeg., i ! 21770 Hallier Aldridge, Edmonton, 3 pints. . . I Alta. I 21774S. Laurendeau, Calgaiy, Altai .. I 24912i W. J. Savory, Victoria | ! 24913 M. Faletto. Nanaimo j « I 24917 H. A. Edgelt, Vancouver. . . . 1 pint . . . ! .. Kavanagh Bros., Ottawa . . . i 0 15 0 10 0 12 0 15 0 15 0 25 0 20 0 25 0 15 0 15 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 20 free 0 25 0 20 •"O 15 I I 0 20 ' 0 10 'Allen, Norwich, Ont. L^nknown, purchased through R. Eaton, Kentville. D. Burgess, Sheffield Mills , . Unknown, purchased through Mumford Bros,, Halifax. F. Lunm, Falmouth, N.S {Dearborn & Co., St. John, N.Bt JS. Allen, Norwich, Ont E. Purdy, Deep Brook, An- napolis, N.S. A. L. Goodwin, St. John, ! N.B. Vendor F. X. St. Charles, Montreal. Himself J. P. Delisle, ValleyBeld. Allen, Norwich About 3 weeks in stock . T. Kinsella, Montreal . Not known 0 10 j 0 15 Is. Allen, Norwich, Ont I 0 12 0 10 0 10 0 15 0 12 0 14 0 10 'M. Routledge, London Stratford Bros., Brantford. S. Allen, Norwich, Ont. . . Not given 0 10 0 05 0 40 0 25 S. Allen, Norwich Stratfoi'd Bros., Brantford. 0 25 0 45 0 20 S. Allen, Norwich, Ont. S. Allen, Norwich, Ont. 0 25 0 40 0 40 0 25 ISelf Rimmings, Nanaimo W. Bowman, Sumas, B.C. 'S. Allen, Norwich, Ont.... ADULTERATION OF FOOD 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Cider. Resclt.s of Analysis. SI Alcohol by Volume. 01 Total Solids by Balling'.s Table. Sugars by Fehling. Acidity stated as Malic Acid. si • S C3 ^ 1=11 Presence of Salicylic Acid. 1-0265 0-9930 p. c. 5-00 1-0332 . 8-244 p. c. 6-39 p. c. 6-39 p. c. None. p. c. 0-72 None. 1-0324 0-9969 2-20 10350 8-681 4-72 4-72 None. 0-87 .. 1-0228 10106 0 9048 0 9926 3-69 5-32 1-0272 1-0203 6-780 5-075 3-18 0-99 4-08 2-33 0 1 86 27 0-87 0-87 „ 10042 0-9910 5-86 1-0108 2-700 0-68 0-88 0 19 0 58 " 1-0301 0-9979 1-42 10322 8-000 4-35 070 2 23 0-56 Present. 10407 1-0366 1-0548 0-9955 0-9947 0 9996 3 21 3-76 0-26 1-0446 10410 1 0552 11 000 10 142 13-523 8-65 8 16 8-00 9-72 8-16 10 33 1 2 02 is 0-53 0-63 0-.58 None. Present. 1-0451 0-9992 0.53 1 0453 11 106 * * 0-57 None. 1-0546 0 9997 0-20 1-0546 13-381 7-68 9-79 2 00 000 Present. 10564 0-9998 0-13 10506 13-857 7-87 12-78 4 60 0-60 .. 1-0351 0-9953 3-25 1-0398 8-706 6-22 7-46 1 18 0-62 None fermented. 1-0110 0-9893 7-92 1-0225 5-625 2-35 2 72 0 35 0-88 None. 10040 10029 0-9916 0-9883 0-9924 0-9989 6-10 8-80 5-47 0-73 1-0124 l-0.,39 10097 10544 3 100 3-475 2-425 13 333 0-92 155 0 57 5-37 0 99 1-55 0-59 ■ 0 09 0 07 0-70 0-46 0-58 0-57 " 10027 ji 10524 0 68 10038 1.0563 0-9875 0-9904 0-9973 9-45 0-40 1-88 1-010 10569 10426 3-025 13-928 10-523 0-78 8-80 8 -05 0-85 8-80 . 8-14 0 06 0-58 0-53 0-90 None. Present. 1-0408 0 08 None. 1-0115 0-9922 5-63 1-0195 4-875 1-68 188 0 18 0-58 Traces fermented. 1-0570 0-9992 0-53 10582 14-238 909 11 -.32 2 19 0 56 Ppesent. 1-0688 0-9983 1-13 1-0705 17 113 10 94 14-94 3 80 0-72 M 1-0588 0 9997 0-20 1-0.588 14 381 9-46 13-35 2-75 0-58 .. 1-0627 0-9997 0-20 10037 15-534 6-22 7 93 1-62 0-58 " 1-0558 1000 1-0.5.58 13-666 6- 14 ' 11-54 5-13 0-58 M 1-0276 0-9954 3-28 1-0319 7-925 5-96 6 -.54 0-55 1 28 None. 1-0530 0-9997 0-20 1- 0.530 13 000 9-16 10-29 1-45 0-75 Present. 1-0531 10398 0-9999 0 9949 0-9874 0-9995 0-07 3 62 9-54 0-33 1-0531 10443 1 0155 10553 13 023 10-928 3-875 13 547 6-02 7-71 1-77 3-43 9-02 7-71 1-77 6-20 2-84 0-46 0-87 0-57 0-57 None . 1-0025 1-0552 None . 2-63 Present. 1- 0.570 10562 1-0333 1-000 C-9997 0-99.51 jSTone. 0-20 3-49 1-0572 10565 1-0383 14 -000 13-833 9-488 8-53 8-31 7-27 11-82 11 73 7-78 3-12 3 24 0-48 0-58 0-58 0-58 None. 1-0555 1-0352 10368 1-0045 10476 0-9996 0-9922 0-9989 0-9913 0-9981 0-26 5-63 0-73 6-32 1-26 1- 0.560 1-0427 10384 1-0131 1-0495 13-714 10-547 9-512 3-275 12-106 9-04 502 4-86 0 63 7 05 10 50 8-39 8-79 0 63 10 11 1 2 3 2 39 63 72 90 0 70 0-74 0-37 0-97 0-76 Present. None. 86 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX I. BULLETIN No. 95-GROUND SPICES. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Ottawa, February 19, 1904. Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — I beg to submit herewith a series of tabulated statements showing the re- sults obtained in this laboratory in examining a number of samples of ground spices, collected in accordance with your instructions of August 11 last. They were collected in the months of August and September, 1903, and were obtained of different sorts, in various districts and in the numbers given in the following statement : — 1 p. i c3 cS < • 1-1 .2^ o > o o 5c Nova Scotia 6 6 4 0 0 0 I 3 1 0 0 2 1 2 P. E. Island 0 New Brunswick 6 1 0 3 0 3 2 4 Province of Quebec 10 8 0 2 0 2 1 0 Montreal district 8 11 0 0 0 0 2 0 Kingston district 4 10 0 0 0 3 1 0 Toronto district 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 5 3 5 0 3 2 1 0 0 2 1 2 2 2 Manitoba district 0 Calgary distiict 4 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 11 1 « 3 0 0 0 0 76 54 3 16 5 11 13 10 Based on the opinions of the analysts which are stated in the tables, the following recapitulation shows the extent to which adulteration prevailed among the 188 samples just enumei'ated : — Black pepper . . White pepper Red pepper All spice Mixed spices Cassia or Cinnamon . Cloves Ginger Total. 33 1 42 76 23 1 30 54 0 1 2 3 13 2 1 16 3 0 2 5 1 0 10 11 9 2 2 13 6 0 4 10 88 7 93 188 ADULTERATION OF FOOD 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. '14 From the foregoing it appears that only 46 • 8 per cent of these samples of ground spices were genuine, the remainder being doubtful or adultei'ated. A memorandum by Mr. McGill, explaining the method adopted by him in examin- ing the ground gingers is attached to this report. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Analyst. 88 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VlL, A. 1905 INSPECTION OF BLACK PEPPER— Date of Collection Sept. 14. .. 14. ,. 15. ,. 18 .> 18. ,. 23. „ 19. „ 19. „ 19. .- 19. M 27. M 27. M 19. M 26. >- 28. „ 28. 8. -, 12. Aug. 28. .. 28. M 29. u 31. Sept. 1. 3. 3. 5. M 16. Name and Address of Vendor. 20356 20357 20361 20371 20373 20389 4348 4349 4351 4363 4368 4369 17926 '17945 '17950 17946 17958 17973 23607 23608 23609 23614 23619 23630 W. C. Anderson, Halifax, N.S. R. Ur.quhart & Son, Halifax, N.S. J. L. Archibald & Son, Hali- fax, N.S. H. C. Barnabyfe Sons, Bridge- water. Freeman Bros., Briilgewater. E. W. Crease, Halifax . . . W. A. Poole, Montague, P.E.I. J. A. McDonald, Cardigan, P.E.I. H. r. Feehan, Mount Stewart, P.E.I. W. C. Strong, Sunnyside P.E.I. A. L. McDonald, Souris, P.E.I. Stevens Bros., Souris, P.E.I. Baird & Peters, Ward St., St. John, N.B. John O'Neill, Moncton, N.B. Geo. Stables, Newcastle, N.B. W. G. BeU, Moncton, N.B. . Murchie Bros., Charlotte, N.B. H. C. Jewett, Fredericton, N.B. Ringuet et fils, Rimouski .... Joseph Parent, Rimouski M. Bernier, Riviere dn Loup. J. A. Jarvis, Riviere du Loup. A. 6. Lambert, Levis BlaiK & Huard, Thetford .... 23633iN. P. Tangiiay, Woedon . . . 236381 Woodman & McKee, Coati- 23643!g. H. Hill, Lachute C 3pkgs 3 M 3 .. 3 „ 3 ., 3 ., i lb. 3pkgs 1 lb. 1 " 1 M 4 " 1 ,. 1 H O I cts. 0 30 0 25 0 25 0 21 0 21 0 21 0 24 0 21 0 21 0 14 0 25 0 16 0 24 0 30 0 25 0 30 0 25 0 30 0 20 0 22 0 25 0 15 0 24 0 30 0 25 0 30 0 30 Name and Address of Manufacturer or Furnisher. J. P. Mott, Dartmouth, N.S. Schwartz & Sons, Dartmouth Brown & Webb, Halifax . . J. P. Mott & Co., Halifax. . R. B. Seaton, Halifax Brown & W^ebb, Halifax. . . . J. P. Mott & Co., Halifax.. Simpson & Co., Halifax. . . Dearborn & Co., St. John, N.B. Severts, Halifax Could not tell where pur- chased. Simjison Bros., Halifax Berry imported by vendors. Ground and packed in Halifax. F. H. Harris & Co., Monc- ton, N.B. S. H. & A. S. Ewing, Mont real. k. J Leed, St. Stephen, N.B Todhunter, Mitchell & Co., Toronto. Dearborn & Co., St. John, N.B. Dr. E. Morin, Quebec Results p. c. p. c. 2-78! 1-92 1 68 312 I 36 2-58 t)6 2-24 96j 2 70 40 2-52 10 1-44 00 1-38 68 3 00 92J 2-80 28: 2-82 I 88 2 26 i 02! 1-60 2-30 2 22 118 3-64 N. Rioux, Quebec Hudon, Hebert et Cie, Mont- real. Herron, Montreal Laporte, Martin & Co., Montreal. L. Chaput et fils, Montreal. Forbes Bros., Montreal •58 1 12 1 30 2 •28 1 •78 2- 54 2- 20 2- 80 3^ 96 4- l-40; 448 1-80 3-26 090l 8-30 Samples 17945 and 17950. In the original bulletin the name of Messrs. S. H. and A. S. Ewing of ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Tabulated Statement of Results. 89 OF Ax ALYSIS. - Ash. ^ A - Microscopical Examination, &c. Analyst. Observations. -11 eg •5 .2 • .-si <2 1 3 "^ p. c. p. C. p. c. p. c. 072 5 -42 10 34 5 74 Pepper tissues only, with some chips and Miss E. Davidson Unadulterated. 10 72 6 56 dirt. 200 6-80 10 00 7 00 A little charcoal, many hairs and a foreisrn M Doubtful. 10 48 6 08 tissue unidentified. 106 600 10 60 6 80 Pepper tissues only ; coarsely gi'ound Unadulterated. 10 24 6 84 0-26 3-80 8 70 7 15 Apparently pure ; contains some fibrous II „ 8 60 1 10 tissues. * 018 3-56 8 85 7 55 A little charcoal or roasted shell, other- II „ 8 70 7 55 wise pure. 2-54 7-22 8 20 5 05 Much wheat starch, fibrous tissue, mustard II Adulterated. 8 35 5 00 husks and white stone cells. 1-38 610 8 10 5 85 Pepper tissues only ,, Genuine. 8 30 1-18 6-28 8 8 35 40 7 7 35 55 II II 084 5-98 7 7 60 70 7 7 50 70 ij " 11 028 3-90 8 8 70 65 8 10 " 1, 8 10 0-74 5-26 7 95 9 00 Some buckwheat and wheat starch. ,j Slightly adulter- 7 75 8-70 ated. 8-60 13-42 7 15 0-75 Contains maize and other foreign starch. II Adulterated, being 715 0-85 many stone cells, some charcoal and fibrous tissues, also a substance resem- bling turmeric. composed of dirt and not much pepper. 0-44 3-72 7 55 7-20 Pepper tissues only II Genuine. 7 95 7-40 0 20 4-22 7 7 30 25 7-15 7 '35 Some wheat and rice starch present II Adulterated. 022 4-58 6 40 870 Pepper tissues only jj Genuine. 6 50 S-75 018 4-24 11 40 2-, 55 \Vlieat (and large amount) flour present ; II Adulterated. 11 55 2-65 musty and caked. 5-24 9-80 8 15 5-45 Wheat and rice (or buckwheat) flour pre- II „ 7 90 5-30 sent. 110 6-42 9 9 50 50 9 45 9-40 Pepper tissues with a few hairs " Genuine. 142 582 8 10 10-7.5 Ppnnfir t.issnps nnlv . . . . II 8 05 10-85 3-84 7-85 9 40 5 40 Contains much wheat starch, turmeric. II ... Adulterated. 910 5-80 much fibrous tissue, charcoal, hairs, &c. 5-68 11-42 9 15 9-20 3-65 3-50 Contains but little pepper but much fibrous tissue, hairs, dirt, &c., also rice starch, mustard husk and turmeric. " 7 16 13 04 10 10 3-20 Fibrous tissue, hairs and dirt present, also „ 10 00 3-45 some roasted shells or charcoal. 3-70 8-76 10 10 50 40 8 -.50 8 -.35 Genuine, but contains an excess of sand . . A. Lemoine " 6-34 15 -54 9 05 5-75 Pepper tissue and sweepings II J, 8 95 5 90 Montreal was in error, given as that of the manufacturer or furnisher. 90 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF BLACK PEPPER— Date of Collection Sept. 17.. Aug. 24., „ 25. M 25., M 25. Sept. 11. ,. 11. „ 16. „ 16. Aug. 26 ,. 27. n 27. „ 27. Sept. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 5. M 5. Aug. 22. ., 24. M 25. M 26. .. 26. ., 31. Sept. 1. 1. ?-. 21385 Name and Address of Vendor. (y 23648 C. E. Laflainme, St. Jerome. 1 lb 21383 Black & White, 2084 Notre 1 Dame St., Montreal. i J. Normandeau, 2266 Notre . . Dame St. ' 2358 Notre . . 21387 A. Brisbois, Dame St. 21391 G. Dubord, 1S9 Island St., 1 b. Montreal. 21393 G. L. E. Guimond, Beauhar- 1 >, nois. Que. 21395 OmerMarchand, Beauhamois 1 n 21398 21499 A. Allard, Lachine In H. T. Barre, 2 St. Catherine 1 „ St., Maisonneuve. 21403 J. M. Moag, Smith's J^'alls, 1 .. Ont. C. Whitney, Prescott, Ont. . 21413 21t07 21411 Cameron & Soper, Brockville, | Ont. Jas. McDougall, Brockville. . 23222iW. J. Hobsoh, 29 King E., I Hamilton. 23224 M. Cummings, 302 James St. 23228 23230 23232 23237 23239 1 „ 1 M 1 M 1 „ 1 „ T. J. Medlands, 228 Queen, 1 W., Toronto. ! Frank Lyons, 622 Queen W., Toronto. John Irvine, 552 Queen W. . . Hartman & Co., Brantford . . T. B. Paisley, 182 Queen E., Toronto, Ont. 23256 C. R. Storey, 252 Queen E., ! Toronto. 22118iB. B. Gunn, Seaforth, Ont . . 22125 John & Jas. H. Kerr, Wing- ham. 22131 John W. Mclntyre, Walker- ton, Ont. 22135 T. H. Ellis & Co., Moimt Forest, 22138; Setlers Bros., Palmerston, I Ont. 22140 Beck & Schell, Berlin 22145!Geo. Hasenflug, Waterloo.. 1 „ 1 ., 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 „ 1 M 1 M 4 '- Name and Address of Manufacturer or Furnisher. O S cts. ; 0 20 0 25 J. Dufify, Montreal Ground for the vendor by R. Herron & Co. Not given 0 20 0 25 0 20 0 25 0 40 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 40 0 25 0 25 0 30 0 30 0 20 0 25 0 20 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 25 0 30 0 13 0 13 D. C. Brosseau & Co R. Herron & Co., Montreal. Hudon, Hubert & Co., Mont- real. L. Chaput, Fils & Co Laporte, Martin & Co., Montreal. Not known Results Pure Gold Co Hamilton Coffee and Spice Co. C. H. Cochrane & Co., Ot- tawa. Not given Toronto Cofifee and Spice Co. Tod hunter & Mitchell . Not given Humphrey, Toronto, Ont. . Not given iTodhunier & Mitchell, To- j ronto. jGorham & Eckhart, London, Ont. [Todhunter & Mitchell, To- ronto. Canada Spice and Grocers Co., London, Ont. Canada Spice and Grocers Co., London, Ont. Dunn & Co., Hamilton Grocers Wholesale Hamilton. Co., p. c. 110 3-60 1-68 1- 1- 1- 0 1- 0- 2- 2- 2- 0- 2- 3- 1- 1- 1- 1- 0 2' 2- 1- 2 2- 3- 2- 1- m p. c. 406 3 10 3 06 •24 3^ 28 2- 10 5 66 1- •20 4^ •50 2- •12 1^ •40 1^ ■22 '2' •94 V 06 2- •22 9- •12 r ■06 2- ■48 V ■72 1- ■86 1 ■92 3 ■80 1 ■m 2 ■20 2 •56' 1 •38 2 •32 1 ■64 1 ADULTERATION OF FOOD 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Tabulated Statement of Results. OF Analysis. Ash. Q-J^ J^ Microscopical Observations. si =3 p. c. p. c. p. c. 6-50 2 70 3 1(i 86 26 92 11 -661 9 -401 I 7-90j 818 11 56 14 14 44, 4 i 12i 16 90 16 3 04 3 0 52 6 92 6 00 34 4 I 50; 4 10 25 10 60 7 00 7 00 7 30 6 90 6 15, 6 10 6 45' 6 65 6 70 6 80 7 55 7 40 6 .35 6 35 7 70 7 70 8 35 8 25 8 80 8 70 9 15 9 05 8 95 9 20 7 80 7 90 8 50 8 35 7 25 7 00 5 90' 5 95 6 10; 6 10 5 50 5 60 7 92 7 85 7 75 9 .50 9 30 8 95 8 90| 5 30 5 50 8 45 8 50 7 75; 7 80 8 20 8 10 8 25 8 25 p. c. Observations. Contains wheat starch, excess of stone Alpb. Lemoine. . Adulterated. cells and sweepings. Foreign starch, maize, excess of long stone cells and dust. Wheat flour; black unbleachable substance, probably charcoal, and excess of long stone cells. Pepper tissue and sweepings 55 Wheat starch, roasted shells or charcoal 35 and pepper sweepings. 40 Long stone cells in excess and pepper 60 sweepings. 60jRice and maize starch and charcoal. Very 50| little pepper tissue. j 70 Contains excess of pepper sweepings 1, 75' ^ 40 Not much pepper; long stone cells in ex- A. Len-oine 50 cess. 35 75 80 65 35 75 20 20 70 10 25 00 Long stone cells in excess, probably from cocoanut shells. 70, Wheat starch, roasted sliells or charcoal. . 65 60| Wheat and rice starch, Cayenne pepper; many stone cells, probably cocoanut shell. Cocoanut shell 90 90 15 Buckwheat (or rice) starch, a little wheat 40! starch ; turmeric ; ver}' many stone cells. 48 Stone cells and other foreign matter .... Alph. Lemoine Miss E. Davidson Grossly adulterat- ed. Genuine. Adulterated. Genuine. Adulterated. A. McGill. 85| \^^ieat starch 45! OOl Pepper tissues only 05| 85! Some stems and a little charcoal; other- 95| M'ise genuine, although dirty. 90| Pep{5er tissues only 60 75 Some hairs and fibrous tissue, a very little 85 wheat starch. 45 Hairs and spiral vessels ; a little wheat 60 starch. 25 Much wheat flour ; long stone cells (cocoa- 15 nut ?) 60 Some wheat flour, hairs and much fibrous 75 tissue ; many stone cells and foreign tissue unidentified. Adulterated. ^Alcohol extract. Adulterated. MissE.David.son Genuine. Adulterated. 92 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF BLACK PEPPER— Date 5- of I i Collection. I ^ Aug. 19.. >, 20.. ., 21.. „ 21. M 21.. M- 21.. Sept. 8.. „ 11 . . ,. 11.. I ., 15.. j 1. 25.. I M 25 .1 M 25..; 2..; 2.. 2..! 2.. 2.. 4..; I 4.. G..I Name and Addres.s of Vendor. O" 22148 John Sloan, Gait. 17477 17483 17489 17494 A. E. Key, Minnedosa, Man. Galloway Bros., Gladstone, Man. C. J. MeClocklin, Carberry . . B. Meek, Virden, Man . . . . 17498] S. J. Staples, Carman, Man.. 21744iPhilipsBros., Red Deer, Alta. 21755 1 Douglass Bros., Strathcona. . 21757 Maclaren & Co., Strathcona. 21760 Chesney & Hicks, Calgary. . . 23558 :Beane & Co., Vancouver 23560|CIarke & Rogerson, Vancou- ver. Labelle & Co., Vancouver. . . 23563 23572 23575 23576 23577 23578 23586 23589 23590 James Young, Nanaimo. James Hurst, Nanaimo. . A. R. Johnston & Co., Nan- aimo. Geo. Bevilockway, Nanaimo. W. E. Morrison, Ladysraith. A. J. Sinclair. T. S. Annandale, New West- minster. lb. 3 tins 4 lb. 3 tins 3 cans 3 M 3 ,. 3 bots 3 cans 3 3 3 3 3 3 pkgi O Name and Address of Manufacturer or Furnisher. $ cts. 0 15 iTodhunter & Mitchell, To- I ronto. 0 15 i 0 15 0 20 0 15 0 15 0 15 0 30 0 20 0 45 0 30 0 30: Xot known Not known The Dyson Co., Winnipeg Great Western Spice Mills, Winnipeg. R. Herron & Co., Montreal. 0 30 0 40 Stember & Earle, Victoria. . J. A. Folger & Co., San Francisco. 0 40iOriental MiUs, Vancouver. . 0 30 1 H. G. Dunn & Co., Hamil- ton, Ont. 0 30]A. Schilling & Co., San I Francisco. 0 40 F. F. Dalley & Co., Hamil- ton, Ont. 0 30 Kelly, Douglas & Co., Van-j couver. 0 30 W. H. Walker & Co., Van- couver. 0 30|Hamilton Coffee and Spice Co., Hamilton. Results 6 ■ S a^ . ■s ^^- -^•5^ ^ ^ x^ p. c. 2- 1- 3- 1- 2 1- 1- 1- 0- 0- 1- 1- 1- 2" 1- 1- 2' 1- 0- 1- 2' p. c. ■94 1 •76 3 •52 1^ ■74 2 ■52 2 •76 ■) 40 4 08 2 94 3^ 98 6- •32 3- 12 94 06 22 88 44 46 98 00 94 ADULTERATION OB' FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 TabuLated Statement of Results — Continued. 93 OF Analysis. Ash. -11 Sail 1>. c. 1 p. c. 281 4-90 I 22' 8-18 34 5 70 80j 4-58 36i 5 10 72' 4 -56 80 12-80 I 56 8-60 I 00; 9-22 08J 12 08 70 8-32' 06! 10-50 22j 3-78| 34 3-98 312 7-22! 4-24 20; 3-44! j i 90| 2-76i i i 68 2 76; isi 4-96 p. c. 8 8 10 10 10 9 9 9 11 11 12 12 9 8 7 7 10 10 6 6 10 10 8 8 7 7 10 10 8 2.^ Microscopical Examination, &c. p. c. -20 7 •05 7 -.50 5 GO 5 ■10 5 -90 5 -75 7 -65 7 •10 8 -25 8 -65 6 •35 6 ■27 3 -90 4 -65 3 -40 3 05 3 -00 3 -20 2' -20 2- -15 A- -20 A- ■50 1 ■35 1^ ■75 0^ ■40 5- SO 7" ■30 7- 35 4^ 40 4^ 15 6^ 00 6- 65 1 ' 00 6- 00 3- 75 3 60 4- 40 4- 85 4- 65 4- 35 6 35 6- Analyst. Observations. 05 Wheat starch and charcoal or roasted cells 35; 35 70 25! 35 50! I 30! 35i ool 85 Pepper tissue, sweepings and sand A. Lemoine 20. ! 85 Some wheat starch, pepper tissiies, sweep- 75; ings and sand. 95|Wheat starch, long stone cells and sand. 75 70 1 Wheat flour, charcoal or roasted shells, and 70 excess of sand. 20| Wheat flour, pepper tissue, a little char- 4(1, coal or roasted shells. 75 Wheat starch, long stone cells, and roasted 70 shells or charcoal. 75:Wheat flour 90 1 10 Pepper tissue only 451 15 - ., * 00 30 Wheat flour A. Lemoine .... IGenxiine. 11 . . Adulterated. IP . . Genuine. Adulterated. (sold as compound). Adulterated. Genuine. Adulterated. Genuine. 05 Pepper tissue only 80j ; 1 50 Wheat flour, and charcoal or roasted shells A. Lemoine I Adulterated 50| 60' Pepper tissue only Mi.ss E.Davidson Genuine. 60 40 60 15 25 94 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF WHITE PEPPER— Date of Collection Name and Address or Vendor. Sept. 14 J 20355;W. C. Anderson, Halifax, N.S. 15. 18. 20358 20372 '20379 R. Urquhart & Co., Halifax. ; H. C. Barnaby & Sons, Bridge- water, N.S. W. B. Calhoun & Co., Middleton, I N.S. Aug. 20. . 17931 Dearborn & Co., St. John, N.B. . . 0 Sept. 29. 31. ,. 3.. 5.. 5.. M 15.. M 22.. Aug. 24.. .. 24.. .. 24.. „ 24.. „ 24.. Sept. 11 . .. 11.. M 15.. t, 16.. M 16.. M 26.. „ 26.. M 27.. „ 27.. .. 27.. ., 27. . Aug. 28.. .■ 28.. Sept. 1 . . 1.. 2.. 23610 M. Bernier, Hiviere du Loup ... 23613 Damiens et Cie., Riviere du Loup 23622 E. Thivierge, Levis, Que 23624 1 S. P. Brosseau, Quebec 23631 23634 23637 23639 21382 A. S. Johnson, Thetford Coaticook Chem. Co., Coaticook. Woodnjan & McKee, Coaticook . Dme. L. Gagnon, Ste. Rose J. H. Caille, 702 St. Catherine St., I Monti eal. 21384 Black & White, 2084 Notre Dame St., Montreal. 21365 .J. Norniandeau, 2266 Notre Dame St. Montreal. 21386 A. Brisbois, 2358 Notre Dame St. 21388|Martin & Rabeau, 168 Centre St.. 21390'G. Dubord, 189 Island St . 21392JG. L. Guimond, Beauharnois, Que 21396 J. G. Leonard 21397 A. Allard, Lachine 21399 W. Bo.sisquet, 554 Notre Daine St. ! Maisonneuve. 21498JH. F. Barre, 2 St. Catherine St. Maisonneuve. 214021 J. M. Moag, Smith's Falls 21404 Cook & Halfpenny, Smith's Falls. 21406 Cameron & Soper, Brockville 21408 R. N. Dow.sley 21410!Jas. McDougall - ., 21412 3pkgs, 3 „ ., 3 ,. .. 3 for., 3pkgs. lib 1 -. 1 1 1 1 1 „ 1 lb 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 „ 1 „ 1 ,> 1 „ 1 M 1 lb 1 ,. 21415 21416 21433 21434 23221 C. Whitney, Prescott • 1 R. Nichols, Cornwall, Ont 1 1 1 1 1 W. G. Rogers, Gananoque, Ont . . . J. S. Watt W. J. Hobson, 29 King East, Ham- j ilton. 23223 M. Cummings, 302 James, Hamil- I ton. Name and Address of Manufacturer or Furnisher. W O $ cts. I p. c. 0 15 J. P. Mott & Co., Dartmouth .... I Schwartz & Sons, Dartmouth! . 0 30 0 30Todhunter & Mitchell, To- ronto. I 0 30 T. B. Barker and c on.s, St. i ... John, N.B. i 0 25 Dearborn & Co., St. John, . .. . N.B. 0 35 N. Rioux, Quebec 6 65 0 50 Jos. Viel, Riviere du Loup. . 192 0 40 E. Couture, Levis, Que. 0 22 0 30 W^hitehead Barrier, Quebec. . 0 25 J. A. Matheson & Co., Mont- real. 0 40 Pure Gold Mfg. Co., Toronto] 0 40' 0 35 0 35 0 35 Laporte, Martin & Cie., Mont- real. Marrotte & Leblanc. 3-32 1 50 3-36 6-80 6 35 5-32 Ground for the vendors by R. Herron & Co. Not gis-en 0 30 D. C. Broneau & Co. 0 35 Marrotte & Leblanc 0 30 0 35 0 35 0 35 0 40 0 40 0 40 0 40 0 30 0 35 0 40 0 30 0 35 0 40 0 40 0 40 Hudson, Herbert & Co F. F. Dally & Co Laporte, Martin & Co., Mont- real. Not known Pine Gold Co. Not given . . . J. W. Chamberlin & Co. Prescott. Not known Pure Gold Co S. H. & A. S. Ewing. 722 4-84 2-97 4-22 4-99 610 5-44 4-39 3 90 7-77 7-45 7 07 4-85 2-93 3-46 6-57 6-80 5-61 4-94 5-84 F. F. Daly Co I 495 Note. — Sample white jjepper 21390 was sold as pepper, paid for as such and divided, after which g^ven at time of sale that article was other than pepper. * Sample 20379. In the original bulletin the name of the Maritime Spice and Cofifee Co., was, in ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Tabulated Statement of Results. 95 Results of Analysis. Ash. .S^ CO p. c. 0 0- 0- 0- 0 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- 1- 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- 1- 0' 0- 0- 0 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- 1- 0- 0- 1- 0-40 p. c. •36 0^ •60 2- •30 V •58 2- •66 2- •12 Q- •26 !• •46 4 •62 2- •24 2,- •16 1- ■08 0^ •36 2- •82 1^ •58 1^ •50 1^ •34 3^ •76 1^ •72 1^ •62 O' ■40 2- •04 T •70 1- •44 1 •20 1^ 12 0^ •16 0- •52 1^ •32 1 ■34 1^ •56 2- •10 Q- •56 4^ •44 2- ■16 V p. c. =a p. c. IDS 2 96 024 1^06 204 vendors said it was a error, given as that of p. c. 10 10 12 12 11 10 10 i 10 12 9 y 13 10 12 12 24 28 82' 13 56| 12 10 2^44 H. p. c. 20 Microscopical Exam- ination. Observations. Pepper tissues only iMiss E. David- Unadulterated. I son. A little charcoal . . .'■ m 62 521 20 Pepper tissues only ; some 00 husk. 00 Maize starch and a little 20 wheat ; many stone cells. 30 Pepper tissues only 10 Pepper Wheat flour and other for- eign matter. Foreign tissues Corn starch & much foreign tissue-fermenting matter. Rice starch and other for- eign matter. Pepper A. McGill 430 415 Wheat starch, fee. Rice flour and a little wheat A. Lemoine. starch. Pepper tissues.. . A. McGill Rice starch, &c Wheat and rice starches, &c. Maize starch, &c. . . Pepper tissues Wheat starch, &c Many starch cells 2 05 195 Maize starch, &c Wheat starch present Pepper tissue Wheat flour, &c. Pepper tissues A. Leuioine A. McGill . Genuine. Adulterated. Genuine. Adulterated. Genuine. Adulterated. Genuine. Adulterated. Genuine. Adulterated. Genuine. Adulterated. Wheat starch, &c compound. The package was not marked 'Compound," and no indication was the manufacturer or furnisher. 96 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF WHITE PEPPER— Date of Collection Name and Addi-ess of Vendor. Sept. Aug. Ang. Sept. 2. 3. 3.. 3. 4.. 5.. 5.. 20.. 24.. 25 . 19.. 20.. 21.. 25.. 26.. 10.. 15.. 4.. 232201 J. L. Brown, 47 McNabSt 23227 IT. J. Medland, 228 (^ueen, Toronto 23229 23231 Frank Lyons, 622 Queen St. West, Toronto. John Irvine, 552 Queen St. West, ! Toronto. 23236 Hartmann & Co., Colborne St., Toronto. 23238 T. B. Pai.sley, 182 Queen St. East, Toronto. 2.3240 C. R. Story, 252 Queen St. East, Toronto. W. F. O'Neill, Clinton, Ont . . . . 22109 22122 22126 17478 17481 17484 H. M. Tudhope, Wingham John Waddell, Harrison, Ont. . . . Wright & Co., Minnedosa, Man. S. Schooley, Gladstone, Man J. O'Rielly, Portage- Laprairie ... 17495iW. J. Wilcox & Co., Virden, Man. 17500 G. D. Raymond, Carmen, Man . . . i 21754 Revillion Bros., Edmonton 21761 23587 W. Pitman & Co., Calgary, Alta. . Simon Leiser & Co., Ladysmith, B.C. . C. p. C. I p. c. p. c. 0-20 1- 1 00 1 0-6? 1- 0 22 1- 0 18 1- 0-38 2- 0-40 1- 016 104 0 32 0 2- 1- 0-28 1- 0-52 1- 1 32 2- 0-76 2- 1-56 0- 0-30, 1-20 0-30j 178 0-28; 1-80 •90 •40 •08 •84 •46 •74 •84 •86 •46 •60 22! 96 08 OOj 90; 0 21 020 1^50 208 232 2 2 1 0-201 2 11 3 014I 1 114j 3 066, 4 I ]-18 3 014' 2 Micro.seopic Observatious. Analyst. p. c. Pepper tissue A. McGill . [Wheat flour, &c., other .1 foreisru tissues. ' 45 Wheat starch present, and 25; long stone cells, probably ; of cocoanut. . . Wheat flour A. Leiiioine. A. McGill A. Lemoine. A. McGill 50tA little wheat starch 10, . . Wheat flour and other starches. | 90 Wheat starch jA. Lemoine 75; Pepijer tissues A. Mc&ill Pepper tissues 1 A. McGill . Wheat flour „ Pepper tissue | <, Wheat flour and buckwheat .< Pepper tissue ; .1 55 Wheat starch and a littleMissE. Dav 75| charcoal. • son. 15, Many whitestone cells pres- 95 - - - 33 50 55 Observations. Genuine. Adulterated. ent (apparently foreign). Some wheat starch and tumeric. Pepper tissues only Contains starch. much iiotato Slightly adulterated . Adulterated. i ^ Genuine. (Jenuine. I Adulterated. iGenuine. Adulterated. 1 Genuine. id- Adulterated. Genuine. Adulterated. 1 4—7 98 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF RED PEPPER— Date of Collection Aug. 20.. 17479 21.. 26. 17485 Name and Address of Vendor. O" A. E. Remlin, Neepawa, Man i lb. . Hudson Baj' Co., Portage Laprairie. 17499, W. T. Roblin & Co., Carman, Man. O S cts. 0 20 0 20 h 0 20 i Name and Address of Manufacturer or Fuiui.sher. ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Tabulated Statement of Results. 99 Result OF Analysis Ash. % 'l< c o o'-3 Analyst. Observations. 2 3 C a; ^ T. ■^2^ t H TJ-"" '^l fU 3 •3 "3 Iw ■^ 72 H ^ '^ Q a: p. c. p. C. p. c. p. c. p. C. p. c. p. c. 11-28 1-22 12-50 8 86 21-60 69-5Cf 99 96 A. McGill.. Has a bright red colour ; does not dye wool in acid bath ; microscope shows wheat starch and some foreign tissues. The high soluble ash and alcoholic extraction are remarkable. Adulterated with starch and other materials. 4-70 3-54 8-24 9-22 7-52 83-62 100-36 Reddish salmon colour ; does not dye wool in acid bath ; microscope shows no starch, but some apparently foreign tissue. Not identified. 2 36: 3 02 5-38 8-92 13-92 77-90 100-74 Reddish salmon colour ; dyes wool in acid bath ; microscope shows much wheao starch and foreign tissues. Adulterated ! with flour and coloured with a coal tar dye. 14- <* 100 INLAND KEYEXUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ^ ^ 1 >, -" y J^ ^ ^ ^ C, j_ V p •^ ^ _ _ _ -t -^ •^ _ _ _ z ■^ o r 5 E 5 "£ g TT ;3 C C < C 2^ -»^ 1 •f ■^ ^ l^ :5 t. Z. „ ^ •f ^ ■ ■ ■ ■ s >; ^^ ■/. S -^ £ f c J T g y ^ ■" 'u ^ ^ i ^ s. — J: X y X -— X X" /^ >,rt.j ^ X . ,^ ■ S *^ ^- r, "^ £ ■^ ^ " ? r ce i 5 £ r "^ % £ ? = c ' ■-= > .1 c. •^ Ili-J 1-^ ^ ?-: x" i s g o > T. "7 t s 5 ^ -L=. 'A "5 5 £ 5^—2^ s ^ .^ ii - ,• © oc © © x . ^ . x •.fjiju^nf) - r£ : : : . 5 . ^ -Ti-tMr:- r.-r - _ r.'r^ 6 -5 CO cc c<- ^:eo a; ■ • ■ • il +i : :o oj a c > '■ ^ ai *: Z. '. ^ ^ * C t- L^ -^ ■ > -^ p : c ><~ c ) _f 3? ; -_^ -1 Us e a ^ ^ ' -=j :. = ce 5 .5 < o jv a 5 ^'^c^i 1 5^ ">: ■€ cS-^,^ '.X ^^ "^ ii S "3 t i 1-3 1 ! '' 3D . • Ax (M cc O — T5 S -r c i* * * o c^ 1 C<5 •^ IS cr — c= t^ cc ».- •r r ^ — 5o X i l^ t^ •aiduiBfj JO -ov^ cc c ?^ M lo r^ n c; C C -f ^ t- t~ r : > : i':ririi-c j ^^: d C^TM — ^ ■ • 1 71 Tl ri — T- 1 C^IN e c ^f IS id i' t-1 © c; a 1 im' -^ d L- •' 1 1 i^ '-S cc ^^ -- T-l 1 W C r r ^ X t V > 1 ADULTERATION OF FOOD 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 102 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF CASSIA AND GROUND Date of Collection Aug. 20., „ 31 . . Sept. 1 . , Aug. 26.. „ 27., Sept. 1 . Aug. 25. Sept. 1., Aug. 24. " 29. Sept. 9. Name and Address of Manufacturer or Furnisher. 17929 2361.5 23620 21405 21409 21432 22132 23141 17491 17953 17963 C. S. Philip.s, cor. Douglas Avenue | and Main St., St. John, N.B. A. Blais, Montmagny, Que Il Chas. Castonguay, Levis [l lb. Cook & Halfpenny, Smith's Falls, '1 Ont. i R. N. Dowsley, Brockville, Ont. ... 1 T. A. Rogers, Gananoque 1 Whitehead Huether, Walkerton ... 1 Stuebing & Co., Berlin \ J. Bovver & Co., Brandon ^ A. N. DesBrisay, Bathurst, N.S. . . J Jas. F. McCluskey, Grand Falls, 3 pkgs, N.B. $ cts. 0 25 0 40 0 40 0 35 0 40 0 40 0 40 0 20 0 20 0 25 0 30 Todhunter, Mitchell Co., To- ronto. Standard Spice Mills, Three Rivers. Whitehead & Turner, Quebec. . Not given . . Pure Gold Spice Manufacturers, Toronto. Gorman Eckhart, London, 0:it. Todhunter, Mitchell & Co., To- ronto. Maritime, Spice and Coffee Co. , St. .John, N.B. Note. — Since Cassia and Cinnamon are the barks of allied species of Cinnamomi, they necessarily valueless portions of cortex and wood ; and is characterized by a gre.ater preix>nderance of bast cells, and these species ; and even its indications mu.^t be accepted with caution, since some samjjles of each species ADULTERATION OF FOOD 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 CINNAMON— Tabulated Statement of Result. Result of Analysis. p. c. 8-42 708 Ash. Total. Soluble . P c. P c. 6 66 0 37 3 22 0 92 8 92 0 52 3 22 0 60 1 4 00 1 68 4 56 0 64 4 08 0 84 4 90 0 78 8 26 1 46 2 76 0 96 6 58 0 98 In- soluble. Remarks. p. c. 6-29 2 30 840 2-62 2 32 3-92 3 24 412 6-80 1-80 560 Cassia tissue Chiefly cassia Cassia Cassia tissues and foreign starch. . . , Cinnamon and cassia tissues Chiefly cassia tissues Cinnamon with some cassia ... Chiefly cassia Cassia tissues Gioimd cassia ; adulterated with wheat flour. Ground cassia ; apparently genuine. . Oi)inion. Adulterated Analyst. A. McOill have many features in common. The latter is distinguished by having been more carefully freed from other structural peculiarities. Hence the miscroscope is the chief and only reliable means of differentiating closely approximate to those of the other. A. McGILL. 104 IX LAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF GROUND CLOVES— Date of Collection Sept. 15. 15.. Ang. 27. M 25. Sept. 8. 8. Aug. 25. M 25. .. 27. Sept. 4. 1. Aug. 21. .. 27. 20364 20.378 4367 17911 17956 23626 21389 Name and Address of Vendor. J. L. Archibald & Co., Halifax W. B. Calhoun & Co.. Middleton, N.S. A. Ciirrie & Co., Souris, P.E.I . . King Asbell & Co., Sussex, N.B E. M. Ganong, Charlotte E. (t. Turcot, < 2upbec Martin & Rabeau, 168 Centre St., Montreal. 21394 Omer Marchand, Beauharnois. 21414 J. H. Bradley, Prescott. 23235 .Tames & Deming, Colbom St., Brantford.. 22142 Beutzer & Co., Berlin, Ont 17490 W. .T. Young, Brandon, Man 23701 G. R. Hanna & Co., Carman. Name and Address of Manufacture!' or Furnisher. Brown & Webb, Halifax Maritime Spice and Coffee Co., St. .John. N. Rattenburg, Charlottetown . . . G. S. DeForest & Sons, St. .John. . A. J. Teed Co., St. Stephen, N.B Turcot Freres & Cie, Quebec Marrotte & Leblanc ■. L. Chajmt fils & Co H. l\ Eckardt & Co. . F. F. Dally Co Gorman, Eckart & Co., London. Note. — The adulteration in some of the above samples consists in the addition of foreign matter of cloves. Part of this tissue (e.g. woody fibre) may come from admixture of clove stems, but this cannot be volatile matter, and the very marked lowering of the volatile oil. Of course, these featurf.'S might come October, 1900.— A. McGir.r.. ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Tabulated Statement of Results. 105 Resi'i.t ok Analysis Asli p. c. 5-94 7-82 6-78 7-08 6 14 6-52 7-00 6-76 .5-64 650 5-96 6-22 6-98 i 1— 1 p. c. 2-82 4-48 3 -68 3-84 3-20 3-28 3 76 1 3-48 2-80 3 34 3- 10 3-20 3-86 5-^ 312 3-34 p. C-. 3-30 5-18 3 10 3 28 p. c. 14-50 9-74 14 78 312 28! 14 181 i; 54 12 26 Remarks 5-96 and a some p. c. 17 '80 Colour light, coarse, genuine 14 92 Colour normal, fine; insoluble ash high decided trace was in.soluble in acid tissues doubtfully genuine ; doubtful. 18 06 Light colour, coarsely ground, clove tissues only, genuine. 18 ' 76 Colour light, fine, genuine 21 "94 Colour normal, fine, genuine 19 "76 1 Colour dark, coarse, genuine 9'78;Coloui' dark, fine, taste weak, excess of stone cells, foreign tissue, adulterated 15-68 21-54 17-82 22-58 22-26 5.54 11-50 Colour light, coarse, genuine. Colour normal, fine, genuine . Analyst. A. McCxill. Colour normal, coarse, some doubtful structures under microscope, hygroscopic m.oisture very high, doubtful. Colour light, coarse, taste feeble, foreign tissues of light colour, but non-starchy, adulterated. non-starchj' character, containing stone cells and other vegetable tissues not largely present in genuine* certainly determined. The effect of this adulteration is shown in the considerable lowering of the -total from addition of exhausted cloves. The methods of analysis adopted are those laid down in Bulletin 73, 106 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF GINGER— Date of Collection Name and Address of Vendor. Sept. Avig. Sept. Aug. Sept. 15. 15. 20. 28. 20359 W. .T. Hopgood, Halifax, N.S 20360 J. L. Archibald & fc'ons, Halifax, N.S. 17928 E. E. McMichael, 40 Dock St.. St. John, N.B. 179491 W. Bannon, Newcastle, N.B 17957 Inche.s & C4rimnier, Charlotte Co 17964 A. J. Martin, Grand Falls. 23226,J. L. Brown, 47 McNab St., Haniil ton. 23234 22121 21748 James & Deming, Brantford, Ont . Geo. Powell, Blyth, Ont Fowler >i a 6 ■ '^ fc, c O 00 p. c. 11-62 11-24 10 88 11-60 812 10-74 7 20 12-30 7-78 10-86 10 lij 12 -40! 12-84, p. c. 19 19 17 14 13 19 21 15 15 14 18 16 18 cS O S 5= .-3 " u £ ^ — • S -2 iT >., p. c. 80-5 81-3 82-5 80-7 86-2 80-4 78-6 84-9 84-5 85 1 Microscopic Character. Observations- Name of Analyst. Ginger starch and tissue Genuine A. McGilL Contained exhausted ginger or is of lower than average quality. Genuine Contains exhausted ginger or is of lower than average quality. 1 81-3|Ginger starch and tissue with a Geniiine trace of wheat starch. I 83-3|Ginger starch and about 20 p.c.j Adulterated with wheat. j matter. 811, Ginger starch, &c., with a traceof Genuine foreign starch . foreign starchy 108 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Ottawa, December 1, 1903. Method of Ivor king on ground ginger. The adulteration of ginger usually consists either in the addition of foreign matter (flour, starches, etc.,) or in the use of exhausted rhizomes, i.e. ginger from which the valuable principles have been moi*e or less washed out. The detection of foreign matter is made by means of the microscope ; but the residue left after water extraction (as below) is better suited to the uses of the micro- scopist than in the raw sample. The detection of exhausted ginger naturally depends upon a knowledge of the ex- tracted matter yielded by the sample and a comparison of this with the normal extrac- tive which genuine ginger yields on similar treatment. Since the commercial extraction of ginger is made with cold water, this is the proper solvent to use in the laboratory. Bulletin 48, (May, 1897), p. 13 — records the result of four cold water extractions of genuine ginger by Mr. Babington. These gave a maximum of 16 7 and a minimum of 12 3 per cent.; with a mean of 14 7 per cent. — calculated on the dry material. In the extraction of ginger by cold water, much will naturally depend upon the method of carrying out the operation. Unfortunately Mr. Babington has not recorded the method employed by him. I am convinced that the numbers obtained would have been con- .sidera'bly higher, and possibly more constant for genuine ginger, had mechanical agita- tion been used in treating with the solvent. The advantages of mechanical agitation are suflSciently apparent ; the increased eflfectiveness, and the fact that given conditions can be exactly duplicated, are the most important. I have woi'ked as follows : — Moisture. — Five grammes of the sample is exposed on a watch glass to a tempera- ture of 90°-100' in the water-oven, until constant weight is obtained. When an ordinary drying oven is used this may require 10 to 12 hours or more. With my oven, using a forced draught, 2 to 3 hours is sufficient. Cold Water Extractive. — The dry sample is transferred by means of a dry funnel, to the centrifuge tube — of about 150 cc. capacity — and treated with 100 cc. of water. The tubes are stoppered and placed in the mechanical shaker (having horizontal motion) for 30 minutes. They are then whirled for 10 minutes, when the insoluble matter be- comes compacted tightly in the bottom of the tube and the clear supernatant liquid filters readily. The filtration is made by a weighed filter paper, whose dry weight is known. The undissolved residue is treated a second time with 100 cc. of cold water in the shaker, again whirled, and the clear liquid poured through the filter. Finally, the residue is washed on to the filter using about 100 cc. water. (The exact amount is im- material, since only negligible traces of soluble matter remain in this residue.) Where a centrifuge is not available the filtration is very tedious, and sometimes impossible. It may be necessary, in this case, to use two or more filters, or to work on smaller amounts of the sample. In either case the liability to error is much increased. The filters, with their contents, may be allowed to stand at the ordinary tempera- ture over night ; or they may be at once transferred to a drying oven, kept below 50" C — having a forced draught. In this case there is no danger of gelatinizing the starch, and the drying may be completed in a few hours. When approximately dry, the tem- perature of the oven may be raised to 90" — 95° and the drying completed at this tem- NoTK. — In order to ascertain how much extractive was taken out by the second treatment with 100 cc. water, I determined the loss of weight after one and two treatments, in sample 17957— and obtained for 1 treatment — 19 6 per cent. For 2 treatments — 21 4 jier cent. It i>< evident from these figures that a third treatment would be suijertluous. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 perature. The filters with their contents are then weighed (between watch glasses) the more or less lumpy mass carefully tiunsferred to a small mortar, gi-ound up, returned to the filter, and again dried for an hour or two. The second weighing should not mater- ially differ from the first, and gives the dry, insoluble matter. In order to show how constant is the extractive matter so obtained, I quote the following work done on four samples. The second estimation was made after an inter- val of three weeks during which the samples had stood on the heating coils of the labor- acory. It will be seen that, by this treatment, they had lost about one-third of their natural hygroscopic moisture. No. 20360-(«) -(b) 17957-(a) -w 17949-(rt) 17964-(rt) Moisture. 11-24 7 14 10-74 7-20 11-60 812 12-30 7-78 Extractive. 17-48 18-76 17-4tj 19-80 12 -6<'. 12-68 13-24 14-32 Calculated on Dry .Substance 19-7 20-2 19-6 21-4 14 3 13-8 1.0-1 1.5-5 Mean. 20 0 20-5 14 0 15-2 It should be noted that 17957 (a) is the result of extraction with only 100 cc. of w^ater ; the other extractions represent two treatments with water. When a sample of ginger is treated with water, as described, the re-dried sample always has a distinctly darker colour than the original. Duplicates which have been similarly treated, yield residues, leaving exactly the same colour. Whether or not it Avould be safe to infer that a dark coloured sample of ginger had undergone w^ashing and drying, would require larger experience than I have had. But I think it safe to regard dark coloured samples with suspicion : and to insist upon their yielding a normal per- centage of extractive matter to cold water. In the accompanying table it will be noted that the first six samples have a good colour, and with the exception of No. 5, which contains about 20 per cent of wheat fiour — yield an extractive of at least 19 per cent of their dry weight. The mean extractive for samples 1 to 6 (omitting No. 5) is 19-7 per cent, the extremes being 18-7 and 21-1 per cent. Since the remaining samples yield a decidedly lower extractive, under similar treat- ment, there can be little doubt that they represent ginger rhizomes which have been more or less exhausted with water before grinding ; or an admixture of ginger which has been fully exhausted and re-dried. This would account for the decidedly darker colour of these samples. If these samples rejiresent a natural and unadulterated gingei", of a lower grade than that represented by the other samples, we should have evidence of the fact in our possession. I have not met an authenticated sample of ginger which gave less than about 19 per cent of extractive to cold water, when treated as above dt\scribed. A. McGILL. 110 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX J. BULLETIN No. 96— JAMS AND JELLIES. (Revised arvd Augmented.) Ottawa, May 6, 1904. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. SiK, — In accoi'dance with your instructions of 14th January last, a collection was made of Jams and Jellies, in the course of that and the following month, in the various collection districts of the Dominion. The accompanying tabulated statement (I) gives full particulars regarding the origin and character of each sample in the order as collected by the various food inspectors, and as the districts succeed each other from east to west. Table I also contains the final result of examining each sample briefly stated by Mr. A. McGill, who, assisted by Mr. Alphonse Lemoine, carried out the analyses. The details of the latter are given in a series of additional tables in which the various samples have been classified according to their nature as follows : A. Raspberry jam. B. Strawberry jam. C. Plum jam. D. Peach jam. E. Miscellaneous jams. F. Jellies. ' The analytical results given in these tables regarding the samples may be connected with the descriptions given in Table I by means of each serial number. The total number of samples collected was 78 but five consisted of "jelly powders " which certain food inspectors purchased by mistake. The number should therefore be 73 but, as a matter of fact, 74 analyses were made owing to sample 2,440, the duplicate of which did not correspond in character with the main sample. The following state- ment is a classification of the whole 74 samples, based upon the analytical results, it being considered that the presence of foreign fruit, or large percentages of glucose constitutes adulteration : — Genuine. Doubtful. „_„t„j Total Adult- erated. A. Raspberry jam 2 1 16 19 B. Strawberry jam 1 1 17 19 C. Plum jam'. 3 1 8 12 D. Peach jam 0 2 5 7 E. Miscellaneous , 0 0 2 2 F. Jellies 8 0 7 15 ^ '1 1-^ ^ -'^ vii^ 55 ^^74 The number of adulterated samples in this collection is therefore equal to 74 3 per cent. This figure must be regarded as below the truth, since none of the samples were condemned on account of the u.se only of preservatives or artificial dyes. The position ADULTERATIO]^ OF FOOD 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 of this branch regarding the adulteration of jams and jellies may here be stated. They are, as Webster defines jam, the products of boiling fruits with sugar and water. The only word in this definition about which any doubt can exist is the word " sugar ". This is defined b}^ the same authority as ' a sweet crystalline substance, obtained from certain vegetable products, as the sugar cane, maple, beet, sorghum, and the like.' This identifies sugar as the substance known to chemists under the names cane sugar, or sucrose. Commercial glucose is not grape sugar, but a product of the action of acids on starch, of very indefinite composition, always containing, as well as reducing sugars, dextrine, water, ikc. Every grocer and consumer understands quite well what is meant by sugar, and the substitution of commercial glucose for it in ordinary trade would not be tolerated. It is also to be remembered that reputable manufacturers of jams and jellies use only cane sugar in preserving. Similar views to the foregoing prevail in other countries and more especially among the Boards of Health in the United States. In general the rulings of the latter are to the efi'ect that fruit jellies, preserves, canned fi'uits Ac, must consist of the fruit specified on the label of the package, pre- served only with cane sugar, and must not contain artificial flavours, colouring matters or preservatives. If such articles contain any substitute for the fruit, or any material to make bulk or weight they are considered to be adulterated. I have the honor to be, sir. Your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFAKLANE, Chief A nalyst. 112 INLAND BEVEA'UES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 •ox I-Buas I- — t- OT3 ^ p c3 -2 5 .. "^^ S-^c.S-^.S S.5-5.C ■^ ca '^ ;o o : 5 bcj -1 Ix tl tc > 7. •^ U "t: ^ r 2^ X O be < ? 'a S 5 - o H : si O C T! O '^ =^- >o cs S CO 2 o c ^1 t:^ 3) S ^'-^ *- «- C < 'S< O r" =« u "a; w o :r -r f •aoU(^ ©O C •X^i^u^n^ M M w ec CO cc • -A Z c M : i - A rs >s y. C •X c ii t: 1; y^ » « ■£ « cS •^ s. C O ■^ IK u , ^ c c3 c4 sq A Cl Cn 6^ ^ 0 = •VJ O '~' ~ -r r'ii ^■J. s ¥ i£ i-l cS- = ^O ^ c - T3 O £ » (u qj 00 C 3 eS C < C3 ^ =" ■ - • "Hb.S '^ ^'^ t^ " g ^ • t« s o • cc - o 2 —"^ o . - t; 0 • n !« i ■ S «S S ,T3 CB cS 53 M C ai 3 a; s ^ a> 5 <53 < 5 -x!^^ _ -T '^ -^ - §^ ^'^ Si ^^^ % ^z a; r— a; 5.2 ^ t oo 0) to © M S "^=.5 C ^'"'S 3 c3 S c3 -53 <; Q .bD -fi ^:S 3 a> -/: !C _ 2-d 3 O T3 O & xV C §w a o: S 3 Q '■■? '" —I O Cd -■ ce o a Q O oo a)i o o 3 oa |§ s © .. c5 ^a £ 3 MS. o S" M I-I--I !M O O O a- « o O fi 5>D O 3 ^ S.( OD ^ Ph ? w a; 4S-5 M = jii =.- a; :::| 0 ■r5 dJ ^ 033 1-s'^ y. 3 >>w 0 ;__; ^ cS 6 ^.4 -0 fel O-^ H 2 .i3 O 6 3 JO" 3 h ^> 3 .u «' =« co = :3 be S S 3 .-H (M c >5 s »-l IM O pq a5 ^:5 k:50 s S o iT 5 o 3 S •^ S o .0 _ fc< r^ S Od 03 Oh ^25 II O i-H 14-^ 114 INLAND REVENUE!^ 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 1 re lO cc f -r cc iS f '*' 10 -* a: IS © •*> •ON FP^S ts CC Tf -t" 10 m CO S 0 CO iH r> oo ■.2 • Q ' U ti : t: T3 »^.2 ^ ■ S T3 -c :'f ■2, S, 9 ■2 :8 C •T T3 ■ 'C •-c-c-j '^ ■'O cS .'rt . C C . t: .73 3 =S 5 • c . ^ . eS cS . 3 _; 3 cS « =« • cS >> o 0 : c :i • oj >:£ ■^ — T3 • 3 :'bc - *JT3 : 1 : "bC-B 13 4J -a > -c " » 0 • ■" ^ a: 0 73:5-^:3 =* eg. 2 Is g "a, Oj OJ : t* -u aj 'S ^ -t^ 3 a X 3 o; dJ 3 '— -ij 4J t- O Is rr: =S S "S i "ts c3 t. H C be cS ci •*- ^ - s- ^ S -3 fc- ■" 1; X' C Oi t:-'^ - (B _ » OJ _ Oi ec ^ a; a; _ CL . a; m ~ o •73 4^ C -iS -iJ C i; -« +.> 3 -c 4J 3 *J 3 3 >. c's 5 3 .SP'S " - "s-S? T 3 .■S3's.^ •s^.Sf^-s-i TDT3 it; c«T3 'I 'o T3 ® T 0 '^T3'5'S drZ aJTS -S CD 3 C .s c 1 3 ■-i "a c 03 .« : bcS 3 M •5 2 ^^ ^i § c o . c o Pi 0) £ 1' "c ft «3 ft B cs 1 :?5 §t H P-i t) Q &SK 0 lO o c 05 ~~C © lO IT 00 © ® 0 © © © « nv CCl C^ 0 '*' '^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO •aoij^j o oc o c ©0 C 0 © 0©© © © O O ■^c(!^n'Bnt) w •^ = -- '-. A •- r = eo eo c^ « er IN CO V C-1 CO eocoeo CO CO - ■5 "■ " IS ■ C : bo .^ ^ • • S 3 1 § d o 1 1 CO 0 ■3 03 T^ > Pi . 0 ^ 1 I 5 0) Ph 1-3 P^ 3ffi§ ^1 © ^ c 0) > \ ill 1 'A i-H Ph P^Oh s -0 ft ■A pi P-P2cc ft" II T— t .— 1 f H 1-H 1_l CI CI Cl 00 00 05i-l rH iH rH i ^ C^ (M 5 SI CI CI Cl Cl Cl (M M IM •uot^oaiioQ JO a^BQ o S ea - - ; ; ; ; - - - - a) - - . 1 h -s f^ ADULTERATION OF FOOD 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 ^ ^ oS O 05^0 tlC o S3 o'So 3J= C« QJ O =« "bb . J- (B^ — ^ 2 ^ ^ '-3 s ® • 5 ^ 5 • c3 ;- X rt Oi ^ .3 a; ' >■ ■' A : s^ • -13 3 • n o M o •ft ^3 • a 1) o-o "O "bi ^ (1) OJ o 0) •'O C OJ o y c3 OS'S) '>" " S -s.-s ^T) 5 Hi c iE^^.c t^ p p C C8 m O O 1) o cS ►- cS O - w- c3^ a; 'C'S : >->'5 .73 «s 6 3 4j a> Q ■« « be Q -- M O bo O o ^ o 3 i- S . r "^ ^ o KSo §3 6^ 1- a; 3^ « . ci S 3 TjH O be O 3 *^ 3 ■= TJ £i-5 o e D 3 3^ ■ ' C-3 PhC5 a s o s c -^ ? cc 3 fc « o ^ 0 10 S^ 0 0 (MC«5 ^ ^ © © © CO M W 10 m ^ g © 10 0 ^ ITS I- 0 © © CO 00 © © ©©C' ©© © © © © © © © © CO CC CO CO cocoeo coco -H CO CO c :^ 3 3 SO" H© «:g o 0) 3 3 3 cS O ^ 4 >> - , |og - bD-^ O be J ^ 3 ^ u 0 s -M ^ ?^ 0 ^ a. be _ 0 0 S5 0 C/J i;: !0 oT 0 ^ h =« . aj c 3 H l-t! 7J ^ ^ ^ '^ Ji ^ s ^ ffl ^ 3 eS >5 r^ >i r^ >s t- >> E?^ '^ 3 V b u 0) I1 0 ■" .iii,c« X! aj -° s ^ Xi is =« 1i aj-3 Oh fin u ^13 f S § 'o £,.« ^ S fc- ^ k be^ s.2>£:o 3 g P^T3£0^ 5 0) a; 3- ej P3 O C .2 12 K c 3: ''2 cq CO -P 0© t-00 C5 0 X Tt< 10 t^OO CO © in 05 IM 00 IM ■V Tj" ■* -*l 00 00 C5 05 a 05 © © © © 0© .-1 rn C5 t^ SiP iPiC lO 0 IC IM IMIMIM IMIM (M IM CO CO (M iM IM N S^ IM IM IM IMC<1(M IM .^ -.S : 5, : o S-i iS-^^ ;J :g .^ P o « o te^ . c . o . K «5 «4-l o fi o "Sb-S . 6c-'p : " •■bb.'H.S •>8-^-?.f| := .-III O 3 Sf^c'5 SP~ " '-' T* 2 •"■ • ^ " -c S S -S'S ~ :.;i'&^-5Jg <: <; < £) .2 o .a !> tT Sf - *5 iJ 1 1 1 " 2 -1 S -J £ ^ ^' i .1 ^ 0^ . ^ hJ "co ^ 3 . t; ?4 pq O • o o ^ o © o -S iff f c »C lO lO •aouj^ "" 1-1 1-1 i o O •^^i:ju«i\^ J " " r = : lO O lO o in o 1-1 i-H T-H . tj > o TJ ■«J S t- ■ a •g g 5 > £ 1. fc- aj tc > § ; o •pi ; >; ^ o c s CD £ "2 ? 3 i T3 (D s 6 1 bo ^ o ^ 1 1 =ii3 d g 0. o S SO r 3 •1 8 > be C5 j3 ►^ g bo c go ^ -H ^ o 1-5 1-5 f& IN eo iO ^ N. 00 •ajdni'Bg JO -0^ N (M (M 5 ^ ^ CO (M (N (N (M ffq ' c ■ • ^ i 02 i .1 •s t' c- P 3 1 - ' I = 1 1 ^ 1 i -s 03 cd Pi C^l rr -rf in lo o •UOl^OdlJOQ JO a^VQ o' I— t r^ " ' = r r 1 — 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 19U5 TABULAE RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF JAMS AND JELLIES 117 118 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 A.— RASPBERRY "3 Solids, Per Cent. Alcohol Precipitate. Polarization, 15 per cent Solution. c l-H Water. .I In- soluble. Soluble. Total. Per Cent. Character. Direct. Invert. Differ- ence. Invert (1) Reading calculated to Normal. 1 21778 4 24 50-52 54-76 45-24 2-80 Clear and free + 3-0 — 7-7 10-7 — 26-4 2 22203 5-85 63-00 68-85 31-15 1-04 .. — 10 - 9-9 8-9 — 27-2 3 23287 2-34 62-90 65-24 34 76 21-16 Milky, sticky + 31-0 + 16-5 14-5 + 45-3 4 23294 1-74 55-50 57-24 42-76 30-73 „ + 350 + 22-0 13-0 + 70-0 5 6 23296 23649 1-78 1-58 69-12 67 -66 70-90 69-24 2910 30-76 30-91 24-70 M ■■ + 690 +57-0 + 64-9 + 46-3 4-1 10-7 + 163 0 + 1170 7 23656 8 23660 106 3-75 73-50 71 00 74-56 74-75 25-44 25-25 2-85 19 00 „ ,. + 43-0 + 53-0 + 29-7 + 32-5 13-3 20-5 + 70 0 + 84-0 9 '23673 1-92 67-94 69-86 3014 38-53 ' + 40-0 + 37-4 2-6 + 941 *10 24401 1-56 64-50 66-06 33-94 30-79 M + 33-0 +20-9 12-1 + 56-9 11 124407 12 24923 119 1-56 72-16 70-54 73-35 72-10 26-65 27 90 51-64 31-09 Milky, sticky + 650 + 39-4 + 550 + 29-7 10-0 9-7 fl32-0 + 74-0 13 24926 1-77 67 66 69-43 30-57 2- 15 Clear and free + 2 0 -11-7 13-7 — 31-0 14 15 24927 25016 1-18 019 67-65 73-50 68-83 73-69 31-17 26-31 38-89 64-56 Milky, sticky + 37-0 + 81-5 +23-8 +71-5 13-2 10-0 + 61-0 + 1700 16 25020 1-49 62-90 64-39 35-61 20-01 ,, + 49-5 +47-3 2-2 + 130-0 17 25042 1-41 54-36 55-77 44-23 10-68 .. + 340 +25-3 8-7 + 800 18 25044 300 57 18 60 18 39-82 23-35 II + 14 0 + 9-9 4-1 + 30-3 19 I25046 1-49 59 98 61-47 38-53 16-20 II + 25-0 + 10-5 14-5 + 30-3 (^) The numbers in this column are calculated for 26 048 grammes of dry, soluble solids dissolved to (See page 127.) * The duplicate of this number is a Strawberry jam. Note. — Jams should be made with cane sugar, unless a formula defining the composition is given. April 19, 1904. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 JAM, APRIL, 1904. ScftARS. Cane. ii: Total. 17 8 ! 46-9 Preserva- 1 Coal Tar tives. I Dyes. Remarks. 140 37 0 bV 11-6 46 6 58- 18-8 34 3 53- 170 27 2 44- 5-4 140 34 29 1 9 39- 43- 17-4 26-6 41 26 5 1 58- 52- 3-4 44 4 47- 15-8 36 6 52- 13 0 12-8 33 37 5 7 46- 50- 0 Salicylic 2 ■ 1 None •2 64-7 Salicylic None . . Salicylic None Salicylic . None . . . Salicylic , None . . . Present. . . Genviine fruit. Genuine jam, but contains a preservative, and is artificially dyed. None ... Raspberry fruit only. Genuine jam, with a preservative. Present. . . Raspberry and foreign tissue ; apparently apple. Adulterated. None .... Raspberry and foreign tissue : apparently apple. Adulterated. 11 .... Genuine fruit. Adulterated with glucose. . . . Present. .. Raspberry and foreign tissue; apparently apple. Adulterated. 11 . . Genuine fruit. Adulterated 11 . . Raspberrj' tissue and pips of foreign fruit ; apparently fig or strawberry. Adulterated. Doubtful.. Raspberry tissue and foreign tissue (Apple ?). Adulterated. Present. . . Genuine fruit. Adulterated with glucose, and dyed. II . . Genuine fruit. Adulterated 11 . . Raspberry tissue and apparently apple pulp. Adulterated. None .... Raspberry tissue and foreign tissue, apparently apple. A genuine jam, but not entirely of raspberry fruit. Genuine fruit. Adulterated Present. . . 'Raspberry tissues. Adulterated, contains very little fruit. Raspben-y and foreign tissues, apparently apple pulp. Adulterated. None Ra-sjiberry and foreign tissue, apparently apple. Adulterated. Present. . . Raspberry tissues and foreign tissue3(Apple ?) Adulterated with glucose, etc. None . . - Raspberry and foreign tissue, apparently 1 I apple. Adulterated with glucose, etc. Approximate PER CENT Glucose. Dry Glucose in Com- mercial Glucose Sugar. in Jam. 30 25 40 30 75 65 60 50 40 45 30 35 50 35 35 25 65 40 50 30 35 80 65 45 25 25 25 60 50 35 20 20 100 cc. ; and they form the data by which the glucose percentage in the jam is approximately ascertained A. McGILL. 120 INLAND REVENUES 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 *27 28 29 30 t31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 a s: 21782 22188 23286 23288 23655 23664 23668 23687 23805 23929 23932 24401 24922 24928 25015 25019 25043 25045 25049 Solids, Per Cent. In- soluble.' 2-05 Soluble. Total. 10 62 ..I... 30 63 63-30 65 35 Water. .34-65 Alcohol Precipitate. Per Cent. Character. Sticky . Sticky , Free. . . Sticky . 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 B.— STRAWBERRY Polarization. Direct. + 41 + 24 +32 + 30 + 39 + 60 + 60 +52 + 38 +33 +30 + 61 + 16 + 26 + 49 + 51 + 16 + 230 Invert. + 21 + 10 + 18 + 29 + 19 + 45 + 58 + 35 + 24 + 19 +18 + 47 -12 + 11 + 44 + 41 + 8 +10-4 Differ- ence. 13 Invert (i) Reading- to Normal. + 110 + 167 + 84 + 70 + 56 + 52 + 114 — 31 + 27 + 121 + 102 + 26 12-6 + 27-5 *This sample is contained in a pasteboard carton, -which has been opened, and about two-thirds of the sale. (^) The numbers in this column are calculated for 26048 grammes of dry, soluble solids, dissolved to (See page 127). fThe duplicate of this number is a raspberry jam. April 19, 1904. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 JAM, APRIL, 1904. SUG.^RS. I'reserva- tives. Coal Tar Dyes. Remarks. Approximate PER CENT Glucose. Cane. b P Total. Dry Glucose in Sugar. 35 25 30 45 30 60 80 45 40 Com- mercial Glucose in Jam . 260 18-2 17-2 130 16-6 18-6 1-4 21-8 18-4 250 32-3 39-2 54-3 42-3 33-2 32-8 32 4 270 51 0 50-5 56 4 67 3 58-9 51-8 34-2 54-2 45-4 None Salicylic. . None Present... Doubtful '. None Present . . . Strawberry tissues only. Adulterated 1! and foreign tissues ir .... .1 tissues only u It and foreign ''issue. Apparently apple. Adulterated. ti tissues only. Adulterated. . No description or claim with this sample 28 17 24 32 26 54 60 40 30 170 16 0 16-8 37-4 31-7 38-0 .S5.4 36-2 41-4 39-2 39-9 42-9 37-6 48-7 540 52-2 73.6 61-6 450 51 9 52-9 540 Salicylic. . None Salicylic . . None Salicylic. . None Doubtful . Present.. . None Doubtful . Present.. . Strawberry tissues only. Adulterated to a slight extent. ti tissues only. Adulterated ■\ and foreign tissues « Cane sugar crystallized out. Strawberry tissues only. Genuine. Strawberry and foreign tissues, probably apple. Adulterated. II tissues only. Adulterated 11 .1 II to a slight extent with glucose. 11 tissues onlj'. Adulterated to a slight e.xtent with glucose and dved. 35 35 55 27 26 50 20-2 5-8 120 100 16-4 25 65 55 25 25 22 52 48 19 20 contents removed. The remainder is very dry, and is evidently not in a normal condition, as offered for 100 cc; and they form the data by which the glucose percentage in the jam is approximately ascertained. A. McGILL. 122 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 C— PLUM JAM, si 3 'eS Solids, per cent. Alcohol Precipitate. Polarization. a Departmen Number. li -2 Insoluble. Solu- ble. Total. Per Cent. Character. Direct. +15-0 + 16-2 Invert. DifiFer ence. Invert J reading to norm- al: 39 20423 20427 No stones, 0 79 3 M 3-72 68-36 58-36 69-15 62 08 30-85 37-92 2-6 9-0 Free — 9-9 —10-4 24-9 26-6 —25-4 40 Slightly stlvy —30 0 41 20428 4 5-00 59-78 64-78 35-22 3.5 + 14-5 + 12-1 2-4 + 34-6 42 23289 No 062 71-60 72-22 27-78 44-2 Sticky + 55-0 +35-2 19-8 +84-1 43 23292 1 1-80 62-50 64-30 35-70 12-2 II + 33-0 + 170 16-0 + 470 44 23293 6 n 11-40 64-18 75-58 24 42 22-3 + 39-6 + 30-3 9-3 + 81-0 45 23658 4 6-94 56-30 63 24 36-76 6-5 Slightly st'ky + 23 0 + 13-2 9-8 + 401 46 23665 9 7-80 57-60 65-40 34-60 25-5 Sticky +35-5 + 33-0 2-5 + 98-4 47 23667 11 ,. 15-23 59-32 74-55 25-45 25-4 M .... + 33-0 + 20-5 12-5 + 601 48 49 23680 23811 7 4 7-CO 9-45 46 06 53-36 53-06 62-81 46-94 37 19 1-5 7-2 Free & clean . Slightly st'ky — 4-0 + 16-0 — 4-4 + 141 0-4 19 —16-5 + 46 0 50 25043 4 418 59-80 63-98 36 02 5-6 " + 16-2 + 7-2 90 +20-7 D.— PEACH JAM, 20439 22194 23295 23297 23817 25017 25047 No stones, 1 - 19 1-24 2-83 2 M 10-48 No M 1-23 0-88 3 37 62-74 63-93 J36-07 13-2 68-94 70 18 29-82 10-2 68-98 71-81 28 19 52-6 64-22 74-70 25-30 22-7 52-50 53-73 ]46-27 8-4 62-60 63-48 36-52 11-5 5910 62-47 37-53 2-7 Sticky. Free. +33-5 + 14-3 19-2 + 27-5 + 12-1 15-4 + C8-0 + 58-3 9-7 + 48-0 + 28-6 19-4 + 16-0 + 8-8 7-2 + 22-0 + 7-7 14-3 + 18-0 - 70 25-0 + 38-4 + 30-1 + 145-0 + 78-4 +30 0 + 220 —20-5 MISCELLANEOUS 20420 25018 3-27 3-19 52 12 .58-70 55-39 44-61 61-89 38-11 15-4 15-8 Sticky. + 32-5 + 440 + 31-7 + 35-4 0-8 8-6 + 106-5 -102-6 * Cranberry jam. fRed Currant jam. J The numbers in this column are calculated for 26 - 048 grammes of dry, soluble solid disolved to 100 cc ; and they form the data by which the glucose percentage is approximately ascertained. (See page 127.) ADULTERATION OF FOOD 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 APRIL, 1904. Appkoximate Sdgabs. PEU CENT Coal Tar Dyes. Glucose. Preserva- tives. Reiuarks. Dry Com- Cane. «.5 Total. Glucose in mercial Glucose Ph Sugar. in .Jam. 32-4 360 68-4 None None No stones. Fruit tissues. Gremnne 0 0 34-6 25-5 601 " Present. . . 3 A little glucose. Genuine but dyed. 0 0 3-2 36-2 39-4 Salicylic. . None 4 per 100 grms. Contains some glucose, and a preservative. Adulterated. 25 19 25-8 290 54-8 None Present. . . No M Contains much glucose and is dyed, .\dulterated. 45 40 20-8 32-4 53-2 „ " 1 per TOO grms, mouldy. Contains glucose, and is dytd. Adulter- ated. 30 23 120 38-7 50 7 Salicylic. >i 6 per 100 grms., glucose and a 45 36 preservative. Adulterated. 12-8 301 42-9 None. ... " •■ 4 per 100 grms, some glucose. Adulterated. 25 18 3-2 39-4 42-6 Salicylic . . None . ... 9 II 11 glucose, and a pre- servative. Adulterated. 50 36 16-2 33-3 49-5 Present. . , 11 flesh adherent in 5. Glucose and a preservative. Adulterated. 35 26 0-6 430 44-2 None... .1 None 7 flesh free, slight mould. Genuine. 5 3 2-4 43-2 45-6 Salicylic . . " 4 flesh adherent in 2. A little glu- cose, and a preservative. Adulterated. 30 20 11-8 42-4 54-2 None Present. . . 4 flesh free. A little glucose and 15 11 dyed. Doubtful. ' APRIL, 1904. JAMS, APRIL, 1904. 25 0 30 3 41-6 55 3 61-6 None II None No stcnes. Glucose. Adulterated 25 20 20 200 17 12-6 321 44-7 ,, „ ■1 II II 70 60 25-2 23-2 48-4 Benzoic?.. , 2 1, 1, M 45 36 9-4 37-4 46-8 Salicylic. II No II II and a preservative. Ad- 25 ulterated. 18-6 36-6 55-2 None II .... Mouldy. A little glucose. Doubtful 20 16 32-6 20-5 53- 1 " .... " " 0 3 10 38-2 30-5 39-2 41-7 None Present .. Glucose. Adulterated . 55 55 36 11-2 41 124 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 F. — Analytical data on c a -% Sugars— Per CENT. POLARIZATIONib •(=') Alcohol Precipitate. S S 7B. cc-g ■ Q 66 78 -SO m < is m Reduc ing. (2) Cane. Total. Direct. Invert. Temp. C. Per cent. Character. Invert (') Reading to Normal Weight. 60 20429 •098 411 24-6 65-7 + 7-0 — 9-5 20 1-25 Clear and free.. . — 28-4 61 62 20430 20421 60-90 67-84 -125 -098 47-2 49-5 9 2 4-2 56-4 53 7 — 40 + 19-8 —10-1 + 170 21 20 3 40 20-65 Clear, coherent.. M ilky and sticky — 33-1 + 50-0 63 6t 65 66 22195 23290 23291 23806 65-76 58-32 61 -12 69 02 ■031 010 ■04o •131 20 2 7-4 180 52 6 47-2 42-2 41-2 11-8 67-4 49-6 59-2 64-4 + 22 0 + 32-1 + 200 - 1-3 — 9-6 + 2-9 — 7-9 — 9-2 20 12 18 21 0-65 22-90 0-95 4 95 Clear and free.. . Milky and sticky (ylear, coherent.. — 29 1 + 10-0 — 26 0 — 28-1 67 68 69 23812 23820 23925 66 00 54-76 63-84 -029 •054 •064 563 47-2 31-8 2-0 4-2 0-6 58-3 51-4 32 4 — 3-8 — 2-2 + 550 — 5 0 - 5-0 + 54-6 12 20 15 12 10 1-50 47-90 Clear and sticky Clear and free. . . Milky and sticky — 151 — 18-2 + 1710 70 71 72 73 23934 24405 24408 24925 61-80 75-16 69-60 73-98 •053 -054 •069 •040 31-6 37-5 46 0 35-2 6-0 40 20-0 100 37-6 415 66 0 45-2 + 63-5 + 720 + 3-8 + 56-0 + 59-4 + 69 3 —10-0 + 49 3 15 ■ 20 12 20 57 95 48-15 2 30 65-75 Clear and sticky Clear, coherent.. Milky and sticky + 1916 + 1850 — 28-6 + 133-2 74 25021 73-54 ■140 51-7 4-6 563 + 230 + 19-8 20 37-25 ,. + 53-5 (') For solutions of 13,024 grammes of the sample in 100 cc. (-) Calculated as dextrose. C) The numbers in this column are ealculated for 26,048 grammes of dry solids dissolved to 100 cc, and they form the data by which the glucose percentage is approximately ascertained. — (See page 127). MEMORANDUM ON JELLIES. Ottawa, March 8, 1904. The most complete research into the characters of fruit jeUies, to which I have access, is contained in Bulletin 66 of the Bureau of Chemistry, at Washington. Ths data presented in the accompanying table have been obtained by the methods recom- mended in the bulletin referred to. In addition to the results tabulated, I may state (1) that no reaction for starch was given by any of the fifteen jelly samples examined ; (2) that fruit pulp was found in the following samples: 20429, 20430, 23291, 23806, 23820, 24405, 24408 ; (3) that the ash of all samples gave very distinct reactions for sulphuric acid, and very faint reaction for hydrochloric acid. The absence of pulp in jelly is not proof that it is not made from fruit, because the fineness of the texture of the jelly-bag or strainer, and the care with which it has been used, are factors in the case. The following samples appear to be genuine, in the sense of being made with cane sugar, having no preservative, and no artificial dye: — Nos. 20430, 22195, 23291, 23820, 24408. To this list may be added Nos. 23806 and 23812, since the small quantity of glucose found cannot be condemned, and it is claimed by manufacturers that the addition of small amounts of glucose is desirable to prevent crystallization of the sugars ; a (U. S. Bulletin 66, p. 78) claim, however, which appears bo be without justification in fact. The following samples are adulterated in the sense that glucose has been largely used in their manufacture, instead of the more expensive cane sugar : — Nos. 20431, 23290, ADULTERATION OF FOOD 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Jellies, March 8, 1904. 108 4-50 13 14 8'72 1-92 4-62 7-7 3-36 31-44 24-20 33-66 3-60 28-78 17-24 Ash. Per cent. -440 -560 -350 170 •840 -300 -530 100 160 -770 -600 -620 •360 -420 -560 lAlkalin- I ity as •317 448 297 109 343 203 385 104 124 238 -200 -119 -231 ■110 Preservatives SalicyJic acid None Salicylic acid None . , Present . Artificial Colouring matter. None. Doubtful Much . . . None . . . Remarks. Salicylic acid.. None None. Much Fruit jelly, containing a pres- ervative Genuine fruit jelly Contains glucose, and is pre- served with salicylic acid . . Genuine Contains glucose and is dyed . Genuine Genuine, with a trace of glu- cose Contains a trace of glucose. . . Genuine Contains much glucose, is pre- served with salicylic acid, and artificially dyed .... ApPROXIMArE p. c. Gluco.se. I- s a- 20429 60 20430 61 . . . Contains much glucose . . . Genuine ... . . . Contains much glucose and is I 1 j dyed 0-336 Salicylic acid Doubtful Contains nmch glucose and [ salicylic acid 23925 69 23934 70 24405 71 24408 72 24925 25021 2043162 35 22195 63 0 23290 641 10 23291651 0 2380666! 0 2381267 5 2382068 0 80 85 85 0 65 35 29 0 62 66 80 0 60 32 23925, 23934, 2440-5, 24925 and 25021. Of these samples, 20431, 23925, 23934 and 25021 contain salicylic acid ; and 23290, 23925, 23934 and 24925 contain aniline dyes. No. 20429 is a genuine fruit jelly, but contains salicylic acid. This is quite unnecessary to the preservation of the article, which contains enough sugar for that purpose ; and ■was probably added to the fruit, to give it keeping qualities, until it could be worked up into jelly. The adulterated samples may be more definitely classified as follows : — Containing glucose, preservatives and dyes, Nos. 23925, 23934. Containing glucose and preservatives, Nos. 20431, 25021. Containing glucose and dyes, Nos. 23290, 24,925. Containing preservative. No. 20429 Containing glucose, No. 24405. A. McGJLL. Urratum. An error in calculation made the residual cane sugar readings too low by one half. This has been corrected in the present edition. Addendum. No attempt was made in the first edition of this bulletin, to determine the percent- age amount of glucose present in jams and jellies. This was because no data existed upon which to base a definite opinion. With a view to establishing such a basis for judgment, four (4) samples of glucose, such as is employed by jam manufacturers, have been subjected to analysis. These are : — A. Four Star Brand, supplied by J. B. Perreault, Montreal. B. Five Star Brand, supplied by The Lamoureau Co., Montreal. C. Sample from Imperial Starch Co., Prescott, Ont. D. Sample from Edwardsburg Starch Co., Cardinal, Ont. 126 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The following table shews the results of work done on these samples : — .'2 'o CO 0 S 1 02 Polarization. - Extraction of Dry Solids by Alcohol. => Polarimeter read- ing of ppte by alcohol.* be o a-s p M 6 Stl ^ 3 1 Insolu- ble. Remarks. A. ... 80-8 19-2 1-4856 -fl59° + 157° —2° 71-5 9-3 + 90° 7-8 B.... 76- i 23-9 1-4546 + 156° + 153° —3° 62-8 13-3 + 86° 7-4 C .. . 800 200 1-4834 + 176° + 175° — r 64-9 15 1 + 170° 14-7 D. ... 791 20-9 1-4749 + 184° + 176° —8° 52-3 26-8 + 240° 20-8 Highest dextrin con- tent. (1) Determined by calculation from the gravity of a solution of 50 grammes to 100 cc. (2) Calculated in Soleil- Ventzke sugar degrees, for a solution of 26,0 18 grammes of the sample in 100 cc. (3) Alcohol of about 95 per cent strength. (4) Calculated for a solution of the dextrin, from 100 grammes of the sample, dissolved to 100 cc. — and expressed in S.-V. sugar degrees. •,,„„„ c tr (5) A solution of 26 grammes pure dextrm to 100 cc. reads nearly 300 b.-V. sugar degrees. It will be seen that these samples vary in dextrin content from about 7 to nearly 21 per cent, so that a table of interpretation calculated for any given sample would give more or less erroneous results if applied to any other sample. The following tables are constructed for the glucoses A and D, representing extremes of character. A sample of commercial cane sugar dissolved 26,048 g. to 100 cc. — read at 20° C : — Befoi-e inversion + 98-8° After inversion - 30 • 6° Total change = 129 • 4° (Taken as 130°) Glucose sample A, on a basis of dry matter, gave, on similar treatment Before inversion + 199° After inversion + 196° Total change = Glucose sample D, gave : — Before inversion + 230° After inversion + 220° Total change = 10° The formulas for construction of these tables are :- Table — Cane sugar and glucose A — 1 - 96b - • 3a „ „ D— 2-2b - •3a a = percentage cane sugar, b = percentage dry glucose. ADULTERATIONS OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Cane Sugar and Glucose, Sample A. 127 Cane Sugar. Glucose A-Dry. Glucose A— with 20% water. Reading after inversion. Remarks. 100 0 0 30° Experimental numbers obtained by work on 90 10 12 7-4 known mixtures, are in fairlv close accord- 80 20 24 + 15-2 ance with those derived by calculation. 70 30 36 + 37-8 60 40 48 + 60-4 50 50 60 + 83 0 40 60 72 -f 105 6 30 70 84 + 128-2 20 80 96 + 150-8 10 90 108 + 173-4 0 100 120 • + 1960 Cane Sugar and Glucose, Sample D. Cane Sugar. Glucose D — Anhydrous. Glucose D— with 20% water. Reading after inversion. Remarks. 100. 0 0 30° See note above. 90 10 12 5° 80 20 24 + 20 70 30 36 + 45 60 40 48 + 70 50 50 60 + 95 40 60 72 + 120 30 70 84 + 145 20 80 96 + 170 10 90 108 + 195 0 100 120 + 220 It will be noted by comparison of these tables, that an approximation to the amount of glucose originally present in the jam, can be made within five or ten per cent. The percentages given in the Analyt'f'al tables, do not profess to greater exactitude than this. A. McGILL. January 19, 1905. 128 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 APPENDIX K. BULLETIN No. 97— FERTILIZERS, 1904. Ottawa, July 15, 1904. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — I submit herewith a tabulated statement, marked Table I., containing a des- cription of 111 standard samples of agricultural fertilizers, which were sent in to the Department of Inland Revenue by their manufacturers, importers or vendors, in accord- ance with the provisions of the Fertilizers Act, 1890, and as representing the goods which it was proposed to offer for sale in Canada during the year 1904. The number of such samples is 111, and shows a diminution compared with the previous year when 128 were submitted. Table I. gives the designations of the various brands of fertilizers, the names of the manufacturers or importers, the claims made as regards their contents in fertilizing ingredients, and the actual percentages of these found in the standard samples on analysis in this laboratory. The guaranteed contents are given in the upper line, and the analytical results in the second line placed opposite the designation of the fertilizer. In many cases the claims made are imperfect and indefinite, and in some, the require- ments of the Act calling for a certificate of analysis, and a statement of the materials used in the manufacture of the fertilizer have been neglected. With regard to indefi- nite claims it may be stated that these are often made by manufacturers of repute, when, for instance, a particular sample is described as containing 'from 2-5 to 3-0 p.c. of ammonia,' or 'from 8 to 9 p.c. of available phosphoric acid,' or 'fi^om 9-5 to 11 p.c. of potash.' In such instances if an ingredient is found deficient in the sample sold in the open market, and it is challenged, the manufacturer sometimes defends himself by main- taining that his guarantee does not extend above the lowest of the figures mentioned. For this reason the ' guaranteed contents ' of a fertilizer, as stated in Table I, must be understood to indicate only the lowest percentage given on the manufacturer's label, or in his correspondence with the department. As required by the Fertilizers Act, Table I also contains a column in which ' the relative value of each fertilizer calculated from the contents in fertilizing ingredients '"■ is given, the prices of these ingredients being taken as follows : — Cents per lb. Nitrogen in salts of ammonia or nitrates as well as in compound fertilizers 13 Organic nitrogen in ground bone, fish blood or tankage 12 Phosphoric acid : — Soluble in water 6 Soluble in 1 p.c. citric acid 5| Insoluble in Thomas' Phosphate Powder 3 J Insoluble in ground rock phosphate and fertilizers generally 1 J Potash from high grade salts 5^ The valuation of each brand is calculated on the results of the analysis of the stan- dard samples, but it has been omitted in the case of the guaranteed contents on account of the imperfect character of the information supplied in the majority of cases. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 I have also to submit a description of the fertilizer samples which were collected, as sold in the open market, in accordance with your instructions of 14th January last. This description is called Table II, and contains the date of collecting the samples, the names of the vendors and manufacturers, the designation of the brands, and the results of the analj^sis. The figures obtained in examining the samples as sold are given on the same line which shows the name of the feitilizer. On the second line will be found the particulars of the manufacturers' guarantee, when the brand has been registered. On the third line is given the analysis of the corresponding standard sample, if it has been supplied to the department. In cases where no standard samples have been sent in to the department and nevertheless, in contravention of the Fertilizers Act, the fertilizers have been offered for sale, it has of course not been found possible to give either the guaranteed contents or the analysis of a standard sample. The number of such fertili- zei's not registered and therefore illegally sold amounts to '2i, more than twice as many as in former years. It would appear to be necessary to take some action to suppress this selling of fertilizers, in regatd to which the vendors have made nf) effort to comply with the law. According to the opinions expressed by the district analysts 13 out of the 9b samples collected have been found to be adulterated according to the Act, being defi- cient in available phosphoinc acid or other fertilizing constituent. Further action under the Act would also seem to be necessary in these cases. In my report of May 1.3, 1901 (Bulletin ISo. 75), the proceedings were fully de- tailed which led to an alteration in the method of determining the available phosphoric acid in fertilizers, the adoption of which was then authorized by the Commissioner of Inland Revenue. This method has since been carried out in this laboratory, and in those of the district analysts, and has worked very satisfactorily. From its results it would appear that the solubility of the phosphoric acid in non-acidulated samples in- creases in the following order : — 1, bonemeal ; 2, tankage ; 3, Thomas' Phosphate Powder or basic slag. The "citric soluble" phosphoric acid of our analysis corresponds pretty closely with the " reverted " claimed by United States manufacturers. Since they still continue to mention, in their guarantees, a percentage of " reverted " phosphoric acid, it seems necessary to state that in Canada, a determination of " citric soluble " phosphoric acid is substituted for that of "reverted." The details of the process adopted here for ascertaining the j^ercentage of " available " phosphoric acid contained in agricultural fertilizers will be found in Bulletins 75 and 86. I beg to recommend the publication of this report, together with Tables I and II as well as the memoranda on manures, which it has been customary to print at the end of the annual Fertilizer Bulletin. I have the honour to be sir, your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Aiialij.le. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sami^le . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents Standaid saniple . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sami>le .... Guaranteed contents Standard sample. Guaranteed contents Standard sample . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . , Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 of Commercial Fertilizers, registered for 1904 — Continued. 133 Results of Analysis. Nitri I), c. 206 1-89 p. c. 2-50 2 29 206 2' 1-90 2- 103 1- 105 1 2-50 3- 2 53 3- 206 2- 210 2' 103 1 1 26 1 103 1- 1 26 1- 2 06 2- 2 12 2- 2 06 2- •-> 10 2- i 03 1 1 OS 1- 2 50 3- 2 91 3- 0 82 1- 1 0? 1- 0 82 1- 1 03 1- 6 56' ■' 6- 1 03 1- 0 98 1 2 06 2- 1 96 2- 2 06 2 2 52 3- o 50 3' 2 03 2' 3 30 4- 3 30 4 •T 06 2- 2 24 2- 2 06 2- 1 10 2- 0 1 82 30 1- 1- 53 50 58 50 55 25 31 00 ■53 •00 -.30 ■00 •25 •6S' Phosphoric Acid. Total in- cluding Total that of calcula- Nitric ted as Acid Am- and Am- monia. monia. Soluble in Water. p. c. 5 00 6^72 Citric Soluble. p. c. 300 2 37 00 2 00 ■75 205 00 200 •01 1-79 79 6 72 00 200 ■44 236 •00 200 OS 2 23 00 200 ■57 2 55 •00 200 •40 i 91 00 2^00 •89 2-23 •00 2 00 •24 2 ;^9 00 85 00 72 00 60 00 72 00 64 00 55 i 30 6 00 ; 1 20 1 In- sol- Total. uble. p. c. p. c. 200 1000 179 10 88 ! Total Avail- able. p. c. Pot- ash. 800 9 09 p. c. 3 00 216 Moist- ure. p. c. Relative value per ton of 2,000 lbs $ cts. Name of Analyst and Number of Sample. 13 10 952 14 72 800 11 04 400 5 76 10 00 11 96 800 8^76 4 00 590 8^00 8^70 2 00 2.35 200 080 5-80 900 '9-16" 800 I 1-50 10 04 179 800 3 00 940 214 7 45 9-55 13 30 6 00 691 800 10 36 800 9 60 8 00 10 04 1000 957 1-50 162 300 3 03 4 00 453 590 '8-80 1511 18 36 J. G. A. Valui. 13-45 "g'so "I8 27 "i5'68' 625 "i3^i5 22 14 "ik'hS 10 90 17 30 10 65 17 05 13 45 19 09 13 85 19 82 20 03 24 99 22 44 18 si' 18 73 'i4-47 12 10 19 27 'i3"46' '20 44 21 51 '26'9i 12 35 19 89 "i300'|"26'22 "'8'75'! '26^i3 1512 1513 1514 [1515 A. Lemoine. 1 1516 11517 11.518 J1519 11520 Miss E. Davidson. 1521 1522 Miss E. Davidson. 1523 1524 J. G. A. Valin. 1525 1526 1.527 1528 1529 A. Lemoine. 1530 1531 1532 134 INLAND REyENUEii 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Table I. — Statement of the results of Examining 111 Standard Samples Z. Desia-nation. Name of ^laiuifacturer. By whom sent. 1533 Great Eastern Grass and Oats Fertilizer. 1534 Superphosphate of Lime. 1535 Special Fertilizer 1536 Standard Fertilizer. 1537 Star Fertilizer 1538 No. 1 Fertilizer... 1539 Royal Fertilizer. . . . 1540 Nitrate of Soda.... 1541 Swift's Lowell Bone Fertilizer. 1542 Swift's Lowell Potato Manure 1543 Swift'sLowell Potato Phosphate. 1544 Swift's Lowell Ground Bone. 1545 Swift's Lowell Ani- mal Brand. 1546 The New England Corn Phosphate. 1547 The New England Potato Fertilizer. 1548 The New England Corn and Grain Fertilizer. 1549 Ingersoll Fertilizer "A." 15.50 Freeman's Sure Growth Manure. 1551 Bone and Potash . American Agricul- tural Chemical Society . Standard Fertilizer a n d Chemical Co. , Smiths' Falls. Lowell Fertilizer Co. , Boston, Mass. Great Eastern Fer- ti 1 i z e r Branch, Rutland, Vt. R. J. Brodie, Smiths' Falls. Benj. Moody, Agt. The New England Fertilizer Co., Boston, Mass. A. P. Clarke, Agt. Boston. From what Materials Produced. Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Mineral Phosphate Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Am- monia Potash and ^Magnesia Salts and Min- eral Superphos- phates, Blood, meat, bone, bone black, bone phosphate. Nitrate of soda, sulphate of am- monia. Suljihate or muriate of potash. Blood, meat, bone, bone black, bone ))hosphate, nit- rate of soda or sulphate of ani-j jnonia. Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents Standard sanri^le .... Guaranteed contents Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents Standard sample ....'' Guaranteed contents Standard sample . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Suljihate or muriate of potash. Ingersoll Packing C. S. Wilson, Mai Co., Ingersoll,! ager, Ingersoll. Ont. ) The W. A. Free-jW. A. Freeman.. man Co., Ltd., Hamilton. Guaranteed contents Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . (Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . .jPhosphate, bone, 'Guaranteed contents j blood, tankage, I Standard sample sulphuric acid. Muriate of potash, ' sulphate of pot- I ash, sulphate of a m m o n i a and I nitrate of potash. Guaranteed contents^ Standard sami>le. . . . ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 of Commercial Fertilizers, registered for 1904 — Continued. 135 Results of Analysis. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Total in- cluding Nitric Acid and Am- monia. p.c. Total calculat- ed as Am- monia. p.c. Soluble in Water. Relative value per ton Pot- Mois- 2,000 Ibsl^'""^^"'"^ ^''^'"1^1'^ ■ Name of Analyst and .3- 15 2-52 '"i'82" '"'i'78 "l 94' 14-92" '"in '■ 1-79' "'2-73 "'2'.¥j' 2-28 2 ■75 1-93 'l'62 roo' '2-94 '2-24' 014 017 3-50 3-82 50 06 00 21 00 16 00 36 05 12 00 17 00 •17 •00 •81 00 14 ■00 ■79 00 ■34 200 2 -.34 1-.50 1 24 9 00 8 50 8 50 3 57 2 00 2 72 C'itric Soluble. In- sol- Total, uble. Total Avail- able. ash. p.c. 600 9 40 p.c. 500 2-76 p.c. 100 140 10 04 ■35 716 '4-i5' (5 "46' '5'ii' 3 34 '4-79' 4 63' 815 5-27 591 '6-71 1>ace. . . 607 1-99 , 460 0-78 115 o'ss' 2-75 p.c. p.c. 12-00 j 11-00 1356 12-16 10 io-.« 00 14 00 63 12 03 00 8-00 8 13 ture. p.c. p.c. 200 2-29 770 3 -65 i-67 1-08 1 4-48 I 2-37 1 2 43 11 -00 9-00 11 96 8 31 600 5 00 6-40 4-73 11 00 900 11-96 7-48 9 00 800 9 91 7-48 5-45 i 92' 0 80 '6-96 4-28 [ 115 ii"67 12 79 2 57 ': 1 75 4-i7 14.3 900 9-59 8-00 7-67 9 00 9-46 8-00 8-79 7 00 6-71 800 8-31 1-92 o-si 5-50 9-31 0-96 0-95 6-80 0-60 3 53 '3-21' 6-39 's-ii 26 -86 10 00 12 47 9 00 10-87 8 00 8-79 8-00 8-47 91 14 07 900 10-72 800 9-44 7 00 7-83 700 7 -52 600 7 00 2-00 208 200 1-64 1-25 1-64 300 309 10-75 3 00 3 05 400 504 600 6- 08 8-50 "3-85' "946' "8-2£' "2-35' 16-3.5' 9-31 '9 28' 400 413 30C 3-43 400 5-50 200 1 79 8-65 '3-16 'li-68 ' 9-08' 6 9-28 6 10-72 16 -26 800 12-50 11 75 "'9-76' $ cts. 17 13 15 96 26 03 19.67 "i2'56 ie'M "i8'73 38 79 'isos' lCr-90 17 17 23 34 '25-51 '23*37 '22'67 20 26 i3'44" 27 22 '23-55' 25-45 1533 1534 .J. G. A. Valin. 1535 1536 1537 J. G. A. Valin. 1538 1539 A. Lemoine. 1540 1541 1542 (I 1543 1544 Miss E. Davidson. 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 A. Lemoine. 1550 1551 136 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Table I. — Statement of the Results of Examinino; 111 Standard Designation. Name of Manufacturer. By whom sent. From what Materials Produced. 1552 Celery and Early Vegetable Manure. The W. A. Free-jW. A. Freeman. , man Co.. Ltd.,! Hamilton. 1553] Phosphate Powder. 1554 Freeman's Potato I Manure . 15551 Freeman's Tankage I Manure . 1556 Freeman's Tobacco Manure . 1557 Freeman's Pure Bone Meal. 1558 Brand H Fertilizer. 1559 Bone Meal.. . 1560 Potato Phosphate . . W. Harris & Co., Manufactu Toronto. 1561 Imperial Superphos phate 1562 Victor Guano Provincial Chemi- cal Fertilizer Co., St. John. X.B. 1563BoneMeal. 1564 Bone, Blood and Potash. [ 1.565 Potato Phosphate ... 1566|Ceres Superphos- phate. Bone Meal The Nova Scotia C. M. Jack Fertilizer Co.. Halifax, N.S. 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 Fruit Tree Fertilizer Blood, Bone and Pot-j ash. High (^rade South- 1 ern Guano. Bone and Potash. . 1572 Bradleys New Me- thod Fertilizer. 1573 Bradleys B. D. Sea Fowl Guano. 1574 Bradleys Complete Manure for Potatos and Vegetables. 1.575 Crokers Wheat and Corn Fertilizer. Mn'gr Muriate of potash, IGuaranteed contents. suljjhate of pot- 1 Standard sample ash, sulphate of ammonia and nitrate of potash. 1. .. .. Guaranteed contents. Standard sample. . . . . . Guaranteed contents. Standard sample ■I M .. Guaranteed contents. Standard sample. . . . .1 .. .. Guaranteed contents. Standard sample .... 11 1. .. Guaranteed contents. Standard sample Blood, Flesh and Guaranteed contents. Bone. Standard sample. . . Crude Boue Guaranteed contents. Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents. Standard samjile . . . Guaranteed contents. Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents. Standard sample . . . Guaranteed contents. Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents. Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents. Standard sample . . . American Agricul- BuffaloSalesDept.,1 tural Chemical; Buffalo. Co., Boston. i Guaranteed contents. Standard sample ... Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard samjile .... Guarenteed contents Standard sani])le. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . (Tuaranteed contents Standard samjile . . . (:iuaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample. .. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Commercial Fertilizers, registered for 1904 — Continued. Results of An \LTS1S. Relative value per ton of 2,000 lbs Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Pot- ash. Mois- ture. Name of Analyst and Total in- cluding Nitric Acid and Am- monia. Total calculat- ed as Am- monia. p. c. 6- 00 6-42 Soluble in Water. p.c. Citric jSoluble. p.c. In- sol- uble. Total. p.c. 900 12 34 15-00 17 91 800 13-59 12 00 15-99 7-00 12-15 23 00 25-26 716 7-99 20-15 19 67 ■ 13-75' Total Avail- able. p.c. '8 -si' "13-88' "8-3i' "12-' i6' "'s'ie' "is-si Number of Sample. p. c. p.c. p. c. 6-00 7-64 5-66 579 '7'o6' 6-89 p.e. S cts. 1552 5-29 4-99 3-52 3 83 8-80 3276 A. Lemoine. 1553 9-59 4-29 4 03 6-65 17-41 3-66 3-21 5-00 6-88 600 6-44 3-00 4-16 9-32 8-33 5-41 5-66 2 50 2-89 3-00 3-06 2 00 2-43 310 2-58 1554 2-64 5 67 6-23 "'6-o6' 2-08 12- i6" 5-28 3-83 10-20 "'9-84' "7-26' 24-26 "2S-ii' ' 31-68' Miss E. Davidson. 1555 1556 ^■30 511 305 3-99 9-75' 1557 3-43 15-51 5 96 28-21 1558 6-86 5-12 2-87 5-12 14-46' 8-00 9-77 10-50 11-92 • 700 10-74 1-15 6-50 5-33 1-50 1-35 2-50 1-54 9-52 3-12' "7-16" '8-60 25 52 "28-66" "24-48' "23-57" 1559 4 66 "2-38' "■7-80' 14 40 "1-97' 5-27 3-98 1560 J. G. A. Valin. 1561 2-52 7-22 4 70 5 95 17-87 1562 2-00 7 -04 3-70 6-53 17-27 24 14 21-24 8-26 21-27 1563 212 15-48 5-76 15-48 , 8-85 24-25 1564 2-17 2-63 3-75 3-94 208 3-40 3 00 4-79 3 00 4-84 2-00 416 200 4-25 200 4-25 100 110 2.50 255 4-00 408 2 -.50 2-55 7 16 4-16 6-08 17-40 ll-32 10-00 11.20 4-46 6-00 7-70 2-41 7-04 9-70 "11-55' 25-30 "36-34' 1565 3-24 10-55 0-65 1 59 12-79 A. Lemoine. 1566 2-80 9-78 1-28 1-28 12 34 11-06 13-50 28-18 1567 3-94 9-60 12-47 22-07 9-60 800 11-64 7-00 9-15 7 00 9-46 "'7-98' 8-00 7-54 8-00 7-86 800 8-83 8-00 8-00 6-66 6-46 4-00 401 2-50 4-11 2-00 2-78 2-00 3-34 1-50 1-52 7-00 7-33 1-50 1.50 6-75 23 75 A. Lemoine. 1568 3-99 11-38 0-26 6-83 12-47 10-95 31 32 1569 " 3-43 0-40 8-75 6-07 15.22 8-00 "16-25 "5-64' 11-36' "9's6 "'8-75' "10 '30' 25 04 1.570 ' 3-50 8-96 0-50 1-73 11-19 11-00 14-07 9-00 11-19 900 11 -19 9-00 11-83 9-00 1100 25 22 "2264" "'l5"92" 'l7'37' '27'72' ""i7"34" J. G. A. Valin. 1571 3-50 0-82 0.91 2 06 2-10 3-29 3-36 2-06 2-10 0-49 600 6-85 600 6-85 6 00 6-09 6 00 6-21 7-49 2-00 0-69 2 00 101 200 2-74 200 1-79 609 1-00 3-65 100 3-33 1-00 3-00 1-00 3 00 1572 1573 1574 1.575 138 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Table I. — Statement of the results of examining 111 Standard Samples 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 Designation. Name of Maniifactnrer. By whom sent. From what Materials Produced. Crokers Cabbage Po- 1 American Agricul-lBuffaloSalesDept.,' tato Manure. Crokers Harvest •Jewel Fertilizer. Crokers Aiiinioniated Bone Superphos- phate. Eureka Intense Brand Potato Manure Ground Bone . 1583 Thomas' Phosphate Powder. tural Chemical I Co., Boston. Pidgeon Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Wind- sor, U.S. Buffalo. 15841 Albert's Concentra-I ted Soluble Hor- ticultural Manure, Brand A. G. Chemical Works, The Anglo Cana- late H. & E. A1-, dian Chem. Co., bert, Biebrich oni St. .Tohn, X.B. Rhine. Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . 11 11 (Guaranteed contents .Standard sample .... .1 11 . Guaranteed contents Standard sample Robt. Pidgeon Bone, Rock Phos- 1 Guaranteed contents Manager. phate, A n im al! Standard sample. . . Matter, Potash, Nitrate of Soda and Sulphuric Acid. Guarantee:i contents Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample . . . Guaranteed contents Stand.ird sample. . . . 1585 Fertilizer " A I Victoria Chemical John A. Hall, j Co., Ltd., Vic-1 Treasurer, Vic- toria, B.C. ' tori a. 1586!Fertilizer " B ". 1587 'Fertilizer " C ". 1588 1589 1'590 1591 , 1.592 Superphosphate of Lime. Nitrate of Soda Kainite. Sulphate of Potash.. Muriate of Potash. . 1593Thomas' Phosphate I Powder. (Guaranteed contents Standard sample . . Nitrate of soda. Guaranteed contents, muriate of pot- Standard sample ash and super- phosphate of lime ■ 1 II . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample . . . Muriate of potash Guaranteed contents and superphos- Standard sample phate of lime. Treating bone char Guaranteed contents with sulphuric Standard sample acid. 1 Guaranteed contents Standard sample . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample .... Guaranteed content.s [Standard sample . . . ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 of Commercial Fex'tilizers, registered for 1904 — Continued. 139 Results oe Analysis. Xitroeren. Phosphoric Acid. Total in- cluding Nitric Acid and Am- p.c. 2-47 2-63 1-65 1-82 2-17 Total calculat ed as Am- monia. p.c. 1-90 2-52 2-59 '3-78' 12-32 12-32 400 3-78 3-50 3-57 Trace. 1600 15-26 300 319 2-50 2 31 3-50 306 3 00 314 3 00 4 59 Soluble in ■Water. p.c. 6-00 6 55 6 00 6-23 6-00 6-71 Citric Soluble, p.c. 2 00 1-61 2-00 2-57 3 00 2-57 6 55 5-59 6-27 14-96 4 -.59 4 33 18-52 11-30 11-70 11-51 10-74 13-30 183 1-77 2-23 'il-84' 16-64 In- sol- uble. Total. p.c. 100 2-87 1-00 2-55 200 2-87 1-91 1).C. 9- 00 11 03 9-00 11-35 11 00 12-15 800 10-29 Total Avail- able. p.c. 8-00 816 Pot- ash. p.c. 600 5-98 8 00 200 8-80 2.58 900 200 9-28 2-89 1-50 838 2-54 Mois- ture. Relative value per ton of 2,000 lbs p. c. S cts. 12-20 '23-59' 2-39 6-96 ii-5i 2-87' 0-45 1 15 'Trace. 1-60 1 00 9 75 8 00 9 46 20 00 23 35 18 00 19 51 7-36 8-50 11-84 '16-64 4-50 501 400 ' 405 1410 13 20 12-15 10 00 12-66 119-71 1215 19-92 700 7 04 12-66 900 Trace. 11 51 . ...I 12-50 Trace.! 14 90 11 51 17 59 0 19 Trace. 16-00 17-78 13 24 5-95 14-90 17-78 15-00 10 19 11-00 10-75 11 00 10-75 1-90 11-80 12 00 11-99 50-00 47 16 50 00 46-64 3 00 11 95 2 30 5-45 13-24 0-25 Name of Analyst and Number of Sample. 10-40 18 48 13 60 ; 21 70 14-84 18 04 21 16 21 23 2-50 j 25"54' 6 is 20 36' 1576 Miss. E. Davidson. 1577 :I578 ,1579 [1580 '1581 A. Lemoine. 1582 1583 66 98 32 28 12 00 I 34 28 11-95 29 00 11 20 21 30 39 ()7 12 58 49-51 49-30 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1.589 1590 1.591 1592 1593 18-72 140 INLAND REVENUES Table I. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 -Statement of the Results of Examinino; 111 Standard Designation. Name of IMannfacturer. By whom sent. 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 Michigan Carbon Works, Detroit, Mich. Homestead Bone Black Fertilizer. Homestead .Potato and Tobacco Fer- tilizer. Dessicated Bone .... Pure Animal Bone .. ,, and Potash. Gregory's ypecial To- 1 « n bacco Quanc. I Burris' Fertilizer... .JF. D. Burris, near Trnro, N.S. Pure Ground Bone . . ,■ ' ,i Genuine- Peruvian. Rufus R. Gage, Guano. ! Importer, Hamil- _ ton, Ont. Fertilizer .Joseph O'Hara, I Palmerston, Ont. From what Materials Produced. Wm. H. Burten- shaw, Secrelary- Treas., Detroit. Manufacturer R. R. Gage... Manufacturer [Guaranteed contents Standard sample . . . [Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . . Guai-anteed contents Standard sample . . . Guaranteed contents Standard sample .... Guaranteed contents Standard sample. . . , Potash, nitrate of | Guaranteed contents soda, dissolved Standard sample. . . . bone, using plas- ter and black mud for a face. 1 Guaranteed contents Standard sample. Sea bird etc. excreta, Guaranteed contents iStandard sample. . . Slaughter house I Guaranteed contents refuse and by- 'Standard sample products. I ADULTERATION OF FOOD 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Commercial Fertilizers, registered for 190-1 — Concluded. Rksult-s of Axalysis. Nitrogen. Soluble in Water. Phos jhoric Acid. Total. p. c. 900 10-74 900 9-27 25-00 22-39 22-00 23-35 "l3-30 Total Avail- able. Pot- ash. Mois- ture. Relative value per ton of 2,000 Ib.s •8 cts. Name of Analyst and Number of Sample Total in- cluding Nitric Acid and Am- monia. Total calculat- ed as Am- monia. p. c. 2-50 2-97 2 .50 2-75 1-50 1-70 100 Citric Soluble. In- sol- uble. p. c. 2 06 p. 0. p. c. p. c. p. 0. 800 8-31 8-00 7-68 p. c. 1-50 1-60 3-00 4 40 p. c. 1594 3-45 206 6-71 1-60 2-43 1-59 15-03 12-02 1-91 11-80 .. . 18 -.58 A. Lemoine. 1595 2-26 5-63 205 12 50 19-96 1^96 1 40 0-82 7 36 ii 33' 7-36 'il-33' 8 01) 11-39 io'oo 8-90 4 00 4-57 6-70 3-15 15-95 1597 0-98 1-19 300 3-65 Trace. . . 2-75 27 97 1598 3-01 11-06 0-33 15-60 "i6-40 26 81 'is '2!' 1599 212 2-58 iTrace. .. 2-43 None. 2-43 2-43 1600 4-45 5 40 2-75 2-46 "9-18 None . . . 7-87 jl4-07 21-94 21-00 18-74 ' 9 27 7-87 'i4-67 "7-68 Trace. 2-40 3-74 Trace. 8-90 "I8-80' lo-so' 23 55 26-35 " 28-76' 1601 2 03 '"7-56 i-9i Trace. . . 12-16 1 4-67 "768 1-59 1602 142 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Table II. — Results of the Examination of 96 O Name of Sample or Brand. 1904. April 12 II 15 n 15 I, 15 „ 15! „ 15 M 15 .. 16 „ 16 I. 16 April 20 M 20 29 29 DiUrict of Nova Scotia. Potato Phosphate, as scld. . As guaranteed . Standard sample (1581). . Essex Fish and Potash Fer- tilizer! as sold. As guaranteed Standard sample (1495) . . EssexOrchard Braml, as sold As guaranteed Standard sample (1496) . . Essex Potato and Market Garden, as sold. As guaranteed Standard sample (1498). . Bradley's Bone, as sold .... As guaranteed Standard sample (1521K . Bradley's Potato Fertilizer, as sold. As guaranteed Standard sani])le (1519). . Cumberland Ground Bone, as sold. As guaranteed Standard sample (1528). . Stockbridge Potato Manure as sold. Potato and Vegetables Phosphate, as sold. S%vift Potato Manure, as sold. As guaranteed Standard sample (1542) District of Nova Scotia. Ground bone as sold As guaranteed Standard sample (1514) Pacific Guano Fertilizer as sold. As guaranteed Standard sample District oj P. E. Island. Swift Lowell Anims^l Brand as sold. As guaranteed Standard san:ple (1545). . Bowkers Potato and Veg. Phosphate as ?old. Result of Analysis. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. 204461 20451 20452 20453 20457 20458 20459 20460 20461 20462 20468 20469 24411 24412 Total in all states. p. c. 2-35 2-59 319 I Total stated as ' Am- ; ' monia. 179 2-74 2 50 ^•53 2- 16 206 2 10 213 2-28 1-90 p. c. 2 86 300 314 3 83 3 33 300 319 2-62 2-50 255 2-58 300 2- 79 2-31 Soluble in Water. p. c. 721 6-27 2-18 4-50 5-63 139 400 3-98 3 02 4 00 4-47 0 50 47 Trace. 3-98 730 4 01 4-79 0-52 612 5- 00 6-52 5-64 815 7-85 Citric Soluble. p. c. 0-69 11 13-30 1-85 2 24 3-37 1-92 12-36 12-79 3-46 3-00 2-43 2-8G 2-57 2-45 Insol- uble. p. c. 1-95 96 6 72 1-60 1-59 1 09 0-96 6-31 6-72 1-77 200 2-36 1-32 1-75 1-61 Total. 1). c. 9 85 ^ I 800 9-46 1319 ! 12 00 i 13 24 12 60 9 00 12 60 11 88 10 00 12 47 20 85 1 2L 00 20 79 11 24 10 00 11 32 1 21 97 ! 21 00 20 02 7 43 11 13 8 47 8 00 7-67 19 19 21 00 19-51 11-35 10 00 11-32 9-82 1000 12-47 1 .1^ 91 Avail- able. p. c. 7-90 8- 50 9 67 10-68 7'7.T 813 8-89 11-70 11-60 14 72 8-76 800 9 -09 15-57 13-30 5-83 9-54 7-38 700 6-71 12-88 12.79 9-58 800 8-96 8-50 900 10-72 10-20 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Fertilizers as sold in IDO-l. 143 Potash . Moist- ure. Relative value per ton of 2,000 lbs p. c. Undet. 400 4 0.3 Vndet. S.-50 2 03 Undet. .8 -.50 819 Undet. 500 3-99 Undet. Undet. 3 00 2-95 Undet. 5-90 11-33 Undet 15 11 Undet. 494 400 5 04 X'ndeter niined. Undet. 1-50 1-83 Undet. p. c. 10-55 G-54 600 11-92 13-85 9-88 10 90 7-60 6 25 18-28 Manufacturer \ Name and Addre.ss or Furnisher as given of by Vendor. Vendor. •S ots. 11-82 I 20-29 Pidgeon Fertilizer Co., Windsor, X.S. 14 16' '2123' 8-98 ; 22-80 Russia Cement Co., I Gloucester, Mass 19-63 23 04 24 04 22-39 8-80 2314 4-87 2211 Bradley, Boston, Mass. 5-80 24-99 14-44 19-72 19-82 24 -.56 American Agricultu- ral Chemical Co. , , Boston, Mass. 21 51 ; 16 ■ 53 Bowker, Boston, Mass. 1707 Name and Ob.servations of Analyst. M. Hebb, Bridge- water, N.S. S. C. Shaffner, Kent- ville, X.8. J. B. Chute, Ber- wick, N.S. John N. Chute, Ber- wick. Wolfville Coal Co., Wolfville, N.S. 1703 iLowell Fertilizer Co. R. E. Harris, N.S. i Lowell, Mass. 17 17 22 67 22 14 18-85 Pacific Guano Bostt« Mass. Co. 1315 I 18-58 E. M. Walker. Dart mouth, N.S. 20446 20451 20452 20453 20457 204581 20459 20460 20461 20462 Unadulterated ; M. Bowman. Not I'egistered 20468 20469 10 12 20 02 Swift Lowell Co.. A. Home & Co., 24411 4-00 i 413 1 1108 Undet. I 15 60 Mass 23-37 17-53 Bowker Fertilizer Co. Boston. Charlottetown. A. Pickard & Co., 24412 Charlottetown. Uuadulterated Not registered 144 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Table II. — Results of the examination of 96 Name of Sample or Brand. Result ok Analysis. Nitrogen. Pho.sphoric Acid. 1904. Distrit of P.E. Island-Con. M&y 2(Blood Bone and Potash | 24413 as sold. As guaranteed Standard sample (1569). . ■ Albert Thomas Phosphate; 24414 Powder. , As guaranteed . . i Standard sample (1583) Kainit New Brunswick Distvicti April 24415 23823 12 0 Reid's Superphosphate as sold. Standard sample (1.504) Standard Grade for Grain 23828 and Vegetables as sold. 13 16 16 18 29 29 30 Brand " XL " as sold. . As guaranteed Standard sample (1518). 23831 23834 Read's Practical Potato spe- cial as sold. j As guaranteed Standard sample (1523). ... Bowker's Potato and Vege-j 23835 tables Phosphate as sold. Great Eastern General 23836 Fertilizer as sold. As guaranteed ....'• Standard sample (1532). .1 Brand "Imperial " as sold, i 23853 As guaranteed ! Standard sample (1561). . Special Potato Phosphate as sold. As guaranteed Standard sample (1560). . Lowell Animal Brand as >^old. As guaranteed Standard sample (1545). . 23854 23855 District of Quebec. Vegetable andPotatoPhos-i 24601 phate, as sold ! Bone Phosphate, as sold. . . I 24602 24603 Total in all states. Total stated asj Ammo- Soluble in Water. Citiic soluble. In soluble. p. c. 2-18 6 Bowkdrs Potato Fertilizer 24604 (6 per cent) as sold ' 3-43 2-88 302 1 71 2 24 206 212 112 0-82 103 1 65 1-26 2-52 118 2-38 2-44 2-28 1-75 0-98 1-40 115 p. c. 2-65 200 4 16 p. c. 0-40 p. c. 710 p. c. 2-91 Total. Avail- able. p. c. 10 01 8 75 11-98 16-64 607 610 2-87 15-22 1811 18 -00 19-51 3 .50 3-66 2 07 2 72 2-50 2-58 1 36 1 00 1-25 2 01 1.53 1-80 316 709 5-81 5-00 6-20 1-77 200 3 04 508 3-49 500 5 88 4-40 4-20 2-22 2o9 3-27 3-00 3-40 2-68 2 00 2-72 3 54 4-78 4-97 10-97 5-36 1 65 179 200 1-91 I 10 100 1-28 1-66 1 84 10-74 ' 11 33 i 10 87 10 00 11 51 5-55 500 7 04 10-28 10-11 7-22 2-33 4 70 405 7-80 5 36 1-97 2-71 212 119 1-70 1-40 815 4-78 4 98 5-60 600 2 -.57 2-82 3-52 2-66 1-95 5-95 7-66 17-87 14 04 3-98 1-66 1-75 13 75 9 73 10 00 12-47 2-95 10-55 1-39 2-78 9-89 11 04 2-27 10-22 p. c. 710 7 00 915 11-98 16-64 6-00 538 9-68 9-08 8-00 9-60 4-45 4-00- 5-76 8-62 8-27 9 00 10 72 7-60 8-50 8-26 7-95 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Fertilizei's as sold in 1904 — Continued. 145 Potash. p. c. Undet. 400 401 Undet. Undet. Undet. 400 4-53 Undet. 1-50 1 35 Undet. 6-50 5-33 Undet. 4 00 413 2-27 1-86 4-45 Mois- tur<:?. p. c. Relative value per ton of 2,000 lbs. 10-54 15-58 S cts. Manufacturer Name and Address or Furnisher as given of by Vendor. Vendor. Name and Observations of Analyst. 7 34 18-54 [Nova Scotia Fertil- A. E. Mutch& Co., 24413'Unadulterated ; M. Bowman, izer Co., Halifax. Charlottetown. N.B. : 800 2504 ' trace. 17 44 Wallace & Fraser, K. T. Holnian, Sum- 24414 St. John, N.B... . merside, P.E.I. 0.15 20-30 17-71 25-G2 15 75 Brace & McKay, Summerside. 21415 2-28 Undet. 27-46 12-38 18-07 16-27 Undet. 1-50 13-62 18-38 1-75 13-45 19 09 Undet. 10-52 ; 1^-70 800 8-70 Undet. 9 16 ' 14-57 18-81 14-76 11 16 I 17 45 '"'8-75" 13-06 "'26-13' 17-71 8-60 19-51 23 57 19-41 710 11-94 24-48 20-44 11 08 28-38 1-90 : 11-08 15 35 Thomas Reid, Parish of Simonds, St. John Co., N.B. E. Frank Co., New York. U.S.A. Bradley Fertilizer Co., Boston, Mass., U.S.A. '■ The American Agri- cultural Chemical Co., New York, U.S. A. B o w k e r Fertili zer Co., Boston and New York, U.S.A. The American Agri- cultural Chemical Co., New York, U.S.A. Provincial Chemical Fertilizer Co., Ltd., St. John. N.B. Thomas Reid, Pari.sh of Simonds. St. John Co., N.B. S. B. Hunter, Har- vey Station, York 1 Countv, N.B. Henry E. Hill& Co., King Street, St. Stephen, Charlotte Co., N.B. J. F. Theriault, (irand Falls, Vic- toria Co., N.B. A. R. Hallett, Grand Falls, Victoria Co. , N.B. S o 1 o m e n Perley, Woodstock, Carle- ton Co., B.C. Sumner Co., Monc- ton, Westmoreland Co., N.B. Not registered 23823 Unadulterated, M. Bowman. 23828 Not registered 23831 Unadulterated 2:3834 23835 23836 23853 23854 Swift Lowell Ferti- Charles Elliot, Monc- 1 23855 lizer Co., Boston, ton, Westmoreland Mass., U.S.A. I Co., N.B. Not registered Unadulterated Adulterated, being deiieient in ammonia and phosphoric acid, M. Bowman. Adulterated, being deficient in ammonia, M. Bowman. Unadulterated 14 37 16 06 Bowker Ferti lizer Co. , Boston 14-87 17 68 •John Leith, Rectory! 24601 Dr. J. T. Donald, not le-is- Hill, Megantic ... i tered. .. 24602 E. Hebert.Tingwick, ' 24603| Athabaska Co | J. AfcMurray, Wind- 246041 „ „ sor:\[ills, P.Q. ... J U— 10 146 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Table II. — Results of the Examination of 96 Samples Result of Analysis. Name of Sample or Brand. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. 1P04. District of Quebec— Con. Total, J°^f^ i Soluble ^■. • j ,,' stated as • Citric In- states ''^°'- w'a'^er ^°^"^l^-'^"l"bl^- states, inonia. | water. p. c. April p. c. Ajiril 24605 TBowker's Potato Fertilizer I (6 per cent) as sold. Superphosphate with Pot- ash, as sold Bone Phosphate, as sold. . . Square Brand, Bone and Potash, as sold I Bone Phosphate, as sold. . . | 24609 24606 24607 24608 7 Superphosphate with Pot- ash. 8 Victor Fertilizer as sold . . As guaranteed . . . . . . Standard Sample (1508).. 24610 24G11 BIBowkers Vermont Ferti-l 24012 I lizer as sold. 15|Victor complete Fertilizer 24613 I as sold. As guaranteed I Standard Sample 16 Celery and Early Vegetable 24614 Manure as sold. As guaranteed .... Standard Sample (15.52) 16 Sure Giowth Manure as 24615 sold. As guaranteed . ; . . . Standard Sample (1.550). . I . . . 18 Phosphate Ferti lizer as sold | 21617 As guaranteed ( Standard Sample ( 1553). . 18 Reliance Fhrtilizer as sold . As guaranteed Standard Sample (1506). Monti cat District. Tankage Fertilizer as sold . As guaranteed Standard sample (1500). . 7. Tankage Fertilizer as gua- ranteed. 24616 1-96 2 94 5-29 2-41 2-94 007 2ri25 210 "l'68' 770 6-23 6-78 213 3 01 200 2-38 3 57 600 6 42 2-93 3 50 3 57 0.08 ]). c. 4-51 7-67 4 40 4 84 6.58 7 60 208 415 6-65 2-81 4 15 572 4-99 G 44 2-55 200 2.04 9-35 7-56 8-22 5 75 9-39 9 59 3-25 6 84 25126' 8-82 10 71 2 97 7. Standard Fertilizer as sold, i 25127 As guaranteed Standard sample (1.536) . . : 252 7 . Bone and Potash as sold. . . i 25128 2 ■ 66 As guaranteed i [ Standard sample (1551) j 2 24 7. Celery and Early Vegeta-: 25129, 2 94 ble as sold. I I As guaranteed .... I I I Standard sample (1.552). . 5 '29 61 •50 06 ■23 •00 •72 7 83 p. c. 91 2- 06 2' 15 •39 2' 2 •93 1 33 2- 33 4 ■89 2- 70 2- •81 5^ 2 89 416 3 52 3 35 3-53 3-83 429 068 135 2-36 440 3 83 5 33 639 4-78 403 4-74 073 j 8-45 !'.!". '"l0-88' 0 45 ' 6 41 1 34 4-60 204 '2-36' 2-23 327 Total. p. c. 9 49 1313 10 11 9-58 10 08 12 63 8^69 Avail- able. 940 11 38 8-82 940 14-28 9- 00 12 34 15 12 800 15 67 1800 15.00 17-91 867 7 16 () 39 3 57 6 00 6.42 6 07 6 49 115 3 28 3 21 342 3-65 4-79 511 5 03 499 3-83 12-79 11-22 13-31 13-27 909 12 44 11 00 11 96 14 46 9 00 14 39 14 94 900 p. c. 42 8-51 9-70 9 18 io'ss 6-86 9 28 9-91 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 of Fertilizers as sold in 1904 — Continued. 147 Relative value per ton of 2,000 lbs. Manufacturer or Name and Address Name and Observations Furnisher as given of of Potasl). Mois- ture. b_v Vendor. Vendor. "5. £ 1 Analyst. p. c. p. c. S cts. 5-37 12-52 17 85 Bowker Fertilizer D. Watson, Oak HUl 24605 Dr. J. T. Donald ; not Co.. Boston. Road, Kingsbury. . registered. 2-34 13 03 16 29 .. ■. . 24606 M 2 15 13-68 14 84 II . . ' 24607 II 1. 218 15-32 15 40 M . . ' 24608 „ 208 17-66 15 46 1, N. l»arby, 1st Road 24609 of Racine. Ely.P.Q 1. 2-37 13-85 15 51 11 N. Darby, 1st Road 246101 Racine, FJy. 3o6 10 -70 17 62 The Nichols Chemi- 0. C. Selby, Dun- 246111 Dr. J. T. Donald ; above 3 00 cal Co., Capleton. ham, Missiscjuoi. 1 guarantee in ammonia and ' potash, but deficient in 4-49 "9-75' is 65" available phosphoric acid. 4-26 14-92 20 57 Bowker Boston N. Maynard, Dunham 24612 Dr. J. T. Donald ; not registered. 4 05 11-82 16 51 Nichols Chemical S. Vessot, & Co., 24613 Dr. J. T. Donald ; deficient Co., Capleton, Que. Joliette, P. Q. in available phosphoric and 3oO ; above omarantee in ammo- 4 49 "9-75' 18 61 nia and potash. 4-47 17 01 25 08 W. A. Freeman, Eug. Julien, St. Malol 24614 Dr. J. T. Donald; below Hamilton, Ont. de Quebec. guarantee in ammonia and 600 potash but far above in 7 64 "'8-80" 32 76 phosphoj-ic acid. 1-88 16-14 21 22 " 24615 Dr. J. J. Donald ; below guarantee in potash but far 300 above guarantee in phos- phoric acid. 307 'ii-75' '2355' 4 0 01 9-22 17 20 24617 Dr. J. T. Donald ; above guarantee. ....... "6-65' "i9 36 i 99 10 59 13 60 N i c h 0 1 s Chemical 1'. T. Legare, Quabec 24616 Dr. J. T. Donald ; below 200 Co., Capleton, Q.,e. guarantee in available phosphoric acid. 3-76 'i6'l5' "i9-36' 019 10-11 30 99 Vendors Laing Packing and Prov. Co., Mill St., 25125 Dr. J. T. Donald ; above gna- lantee in ammonia, but ""ii-24" "28 95' Montreal. below guarantee in plios- phoric acid. 0 32 9-56 31 51 Vendors Montreal Stock 25126 Dr. J. T. Donald ; not regis- Yards Co.. Mill tered. St., Montreal. 2-44 13 43 22 13 Standard Chem. Co., Brodie & Harvie, 25127 Dr. J. T. Donald ; above gua- 2 00 Smith's Falls, Ont. Bleury St.. Mont- rantee. 2 08 ""8-50' "1967' real. 312 14-52 22 87 W. A. Freeman & Wm. Evving & Co., 25128 Dr. J. T. Donald ; above gua- (iOO . . .. Co., Hamilton, Ont. McGill St,, Mont- rantee in ammonia and Phosphoric Acid. 2.5148 25149 1.3 Complete manure, as .sold.. As guaranteed Standard sample (1519). . ISiPotato Fertilizer, as sold. . I As guaranteed Standard sample (1519). . ISJb. 1). Seafowl Guano, as! 25150 i sold. i ! As guaranteed I Standard sain|)le ( 1573) . . | .Sure Growth, as Manure 25151 sold. As guaranteed . . Standard sample (1550) Potato ■Manure, as sold .. As guaranteed Standard sample (1554) Seafowl Guano, as sold .... As guaranteed Standard sample (1573) Complete Manure, as sold. As guaranteed Standard sample (1574). . New Method Fertilizer, as sold. As guaranteed Standard sample (l.")72). . Celery and Vegetable Ma-; 25156 nure, as sold. As guaranteed Standard sample (1552). Tankage, A Brand, as sold As guaranteed Standard sample (1501). Bone Meal, as sold As guaranteed , Standard sample (1557). Potato Manure, as sold. . . As guaranteed Standard sample (1.554). 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 Total in all states. Total stated as Am- monia. p. c. 3 CA p. c. 4-42 3 01 2 OG 2 10 2 25 20(> 210 2-7fi 2- 94 2-39 25157 25158 London District. Fertilizer. 25159 22207 Agricultural Fertilizer i 22208 fi Thomas Phosphate, as sold. As guaranteed Standard sample (1583). . 6 Bradley Fertilizer, as sold. 22210 22215 2-64 2 39 206 210 2-92 3 29 3-36 207 0-82 0-91 2-85 5-29 11-47 9 13 9-60 3 23 2 43 2-85 2-64 412 3-40 Soluble in Water. Citric Soluble. p. c. 4-82 p. c. 4 32 5-81 500 6-20 5-74 600 6.85 5-36 In- soluble. p. c. 2-39 Total. 4-99 018 3-52 244 4-64 15-98 5-60 ()-23 15-51 304 500 4-13 415 4-02 3 08 3-74 208 2-73 312 14-20 16-64 14-73 P.O. 11-53 9-75 5-91 2-87 701 3-83 0 98 1-43 9 66 5-28 4 03 4-10 3 70 9 00 11 19 14 16 8 00 15 67 14 53 8 00 13 59 10 24 9 00 U 19 9 65 10-91 11-24 17-90 18 00 19 .51 21-74 ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Samples of Fertilizers as sold in 190i — Continued. 151 Relative value • per ton Manufacturer Name and Address Name and Observations of or Furnisher as given . of of Moist- 2,000 by Vendor. Vendor. _^ Analyst. Potash. lbs. zr > ure. -J p. c. p. c. •S cts. 7-58 11-22 28-66 i American Agricul- Tetterrington Bros., 25148 Dr. W.H.Ellis; not registered tural Company. St. Catherines, Ont. 25149 "'2'92' "is'ss' '21 -ie 11 unadultei-ated. 3 00 2-95 " 13-85' ' 19-82' 1-95 12.80 18-60 .. ..] 25150 M 1-50 1.52 "g-'so' i7-37 2-67 17-45 21-46 vV. A. Freeman Co., Hamilton, Ont. R. R. Gage, G.T. R. Depot, St. Cathe- 25151 " 3 00 rines, Ont. 3 07 "u-75' 23-55' 2-80 16 06 21-17 II " 11 .1 25152 1. below guarantee 5 00 in potash. 5-79 10-20 '24-26' 1-86 13 42 18-45 Bradley Fer t i 1 i z e r R. Cooper, Welland, 25153 .1 unadulterated. loO Co. ' Ont. 1-52 '"'j'so' "17-37' 6-66 0 82 23 44 M .1 .1 251.54 •1 II 7 00 7-33 "8-75" "27-72' 6 27 10-86 22-82 .. .. 25155' 2 (K) 3-34 "li-so 'i5-92' 4-35 16 91 23 74 W. A. Freeman Co., Hamilton, Ont. M. Taylor. Barrie, Ont. 25156 Dr. W. H. Ellis, adulterated being under guarantee in am- 6 00 monia and potash. 7 64 8-80' '32 76' OOo 613 30 70 Harris Abbatoir Co.. W. Rennie, .Jar^is St., Toronto. 251.57 Dr. W. H. Ellis, unadulter- ated. "5-84' "28'56' 5-20 28 21 W. A. Freeman Co., Hamilton, Ont. J. A. Simmers, King St.. East Toronto. 25158 ,, 1, 5 96' '28'56' ' '3 i.V 16 .32 22 52 .1 M 25159 .1 ,• 500 5 79 10-26" "24"25" f)-6« 6-53 2(i 88 George J. T h 0 r p, Seed Merchant, Guelph. 22207 Prof. E. B. Kenrick, insutti- ciently described. 1 90 7 40 20 31 V. Evans & Co., Seed Merchant, Hamil- ton. " 22208 " 0-44 18 21 Canadian Aert., J. Isiah Holman, Miller, 22210 Prof. E. B. Kenrick. genuine. Thomas. Phosiihate Berlin. 20 30 25 67 Bradley Co., Roch- W. R. Marshall, Seed 22215 "5-63' ,, insufti- ester and Bo.^ton. Merchant, Strat- ford. ciently described. 152 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Table II. — Results of the Examination of 96 Name of Sample. oi- Brand. 95 3-91 25 97 315 745 15 95 28 42 12 -.00 3-94 50 00 50 00 47 16 SO-80 50 00 46 tU 11 -20 "2'36' Manufacturer Name and Address or furnisher as given of by vendor. Vendor. Michigan Carbon Da rch & Hunter,! 22218 Works, Detroit. Seed Merchants, London. 22225 317 3 00 11-42 1!) 12 2-95 13-85 (i 05 19 82 30 75 27 22 18-93 Michigan C a r b o n Peicouie & Donald- j 22220 Co., Detroit. son. Seed Merch- ants, Strathroy. W. A. Freeman, Ha- Patrick Brothers, ' niilton. Blood Meal Seed, Flower and Fertilizer. Feed Mercha n t s, Woodstock. Bradley Ferti 1 i z e r Robertson & McKay, Co., Buffalo and Hardware Mer- Xew York. chants, Ingersoll. Ingersoll Packing Ineersoll Packing Co., Ingersoll. Co., Ingersoll. Name and Oljscrvations of Analyst. Prof. E. B. Kenrick. ffenuine. London Soap London. Co., London Soap Co.. i London. » Prof. E. B. Kenrick ciently described. insutti- 22228 Prof. E. B. Kenrick; genuine. 22229 22230 Prof. E. B. Kenrick cientlv described. insuffi- 8-80 17 20 31 51 700 7 04 11-80 32 28 12 80 1400 32 43 noo 10 75 12 00 34 28 12 70 13-70 30 29 11 -no 10-75 11-95 29 00 17-70 20 45 31 51 Victoria Che naical ^'ictoria Cheniica' Co., Victoria. Co., Victoria. 5-45 2- 10 3 00 1-50 21 30 I 52 50 Bogardus & ... . Seattle, U.S. 49 51 53-34 Co. M. J. Henry, Van- couver. 24937 Dr. C. J. Fagan ; genuine. 24938, 24939 24940 24941 24942 49 30 40 30 Victoria ChemicalJ. Brown & Sons, 24954 Co., Victoria, B.C. Vancouver. j 39 67 40 34 Bogardus & Co., M. J. Henry, Van-| 24943 Seattle. I'.S. couver, B.C. 154 ^ INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 MEMORANDA OX MAXURES. Since this publication is intended for circulation among our farnier-s, it has been thought advisable to take advantage of its issue by reprinting some of the notes which have appeared in former bulletins, and adding a few additional particulars from works which have recently appeared, regarding the application of natural manures and arti- ficial fertilizers. It is about fifty years since Stoeckhardt, at that time professor in the agricultural school of Tharandt, Saxony, said that a farmer who bought guano, bonemeai, or other artificial fertilizers, and at the same time neglected to make proper use of the dung of the cattle on his own farm, must be regarded as an agricultural spendthrift. Every intelligent farmer in Canada will in these modern days agree with the old German pro- fessor, and maintain that the treasury of the farm is the dungstead, and that leaks and emanations from it of valuable fertilizing constituents must lead to financial embarrass- ment and possibly ruin. This statement may be positively made without in the slightest degree detracting from the merits of artificial fertilizers, for when properly selected and applied, their value becomes abundantly evident. The question as to whether their use is remunera- tive has been frequently discussed, and depends to a large extent on the care employed in their selection. Supposing that the intelligent farmer has considered composition, cost, &c., to the best of his ability, made his selection and applied the fertilizer, he may still be in doubt as regards the result unless he takes steps to make a manure trial with it. As regards the best way of doing this, Hellriegel, in a publication, dated 1897, has related his experience. He recognizes how difficult it is for practical agriculturists, fully occupied with their regular work, and engaged in meeting all the difficulties caused by workmen, weather and market rates, to carry out regularly- planned manure experiments. He therefore describes a method, which experience in his estimation hafl justified, and recommends it for the purpose of ascertaining whether any application of lime, marl, dung or fertilizers had really produced the improvement which from the point of view of cost had been expected. This plan is to pass over, at one or several places, properly selected, a few square rods of the field without applying the dung or fertilizer. In this way unmanured plots, which do not require to be measured with great exactitude, but merely paced, and do not need to be harvested separately, are left in the manured field, by means of which any improvement in the latter may be remarked and valued. This plan exacts that it should be possible to .see a distinct difference between the unmanured pk^ts and the manured field, not only as regards the height and density of the resulting crop, but also in reference to the fullness of the ears and the development of the grains. In the event of such a distinct difference being invisible the manure is justly discredited as unfit for its intended purpose. It would seem advisable to recom- mend this plan to farmers who use fertilizers, because some of them may manure the whole field, fail to see any improvement on account of being unable to make compari- sons, and perhaps condemn the fertilizer unjustly. The simplicity of the plan above described, and its applicability everywhere and every year would appear to commend it to the practical agriculturist. At the same time it is necessary to remark that there are instances on record of fertilizers having been applied and remaining utterly without effect owing to some defect in the soil. Such defects have often been cured by a pre- vious application of marl or lime, which not only produced good effects themselves, but improved also the action of the fertilizers afterwards applied. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 THE CARE OF NITROGEN. This element is the most valuable of fei'tilizing constituents, and one which is ex- ceedingly liable to loss. In many of the fertilizers described in this and former reports their cost is very much increased by the admixture of nitrogenous constituents. This cost farmers might save by properly caring for the stock of nitrogen on their farms, and this stock might even be increased by cultivating those crops which have the power of a})propriating the nitrogen of the atmosphere. Nevertheless the fertilizer manufactui-ers still seem to be under the necessity of supplying this element in considerable quantit}' in their goods, and of charging for it. In the case of the mixed fertilizers, this extra charge varies from 88 to $14 per ton, which the farmer must pay if he purchases, and which he can readily save in his own stables or produce upon his own farm. Among the standard samples described in the present report for 1901 there are some whose guarantee in ammonia is placed at 1'50 p.c. and even at 1-00. Less than 1'50 p.c. of this ingredient is too small a quantity where its application is required, and where not needed it is useless to apply it. It is, as a rule, cheaper to purchase fertili- zei's containing large percentages of the fertilizing ingi-edients and apply a lesser quan- tity per acre. Nearly the whole of the nitrogen in the fodder fed to farm stock is to be found in the excreta of the animals, and one-half of it is contained in the urine. It is further well known that 9-5 per cent of the potash contained in the food of cattle and sheep may be recovered by carefully saving the liquid manure only. It has, how^ever, been ascer- tained that stable-yard manui*e experiences considerable loss of its fertilizing constituents, but more especially of nitrogen, when left to itself in the dung heap. According to the experiments of Wolff, this loss amounts to 55 per cent of the nitrogen contained in fresh manure from horned cattle. The later experiments of Heiden and Holdefleiss place it at 'l3-i per cent. These results were obtained when ordinaiy reasonable care is taken of the manure, but give no data for estimating the loss which occurs when, as is very frequently the case in Canada, the manure is treated with the grossest neglect. It is safe to assume that, generally, 50 per cent of the nitrogen contained in the barn-yard manure of this country returns unutilized to the atmosphere, or is otherwise lost by careless treatment. Supposing that an average quantity of 36,000 pounds is produced in fresh condition annually by each animal, and that it contains 0-4 per cent of nitrogen it follows that a loss of 72 pounds of nitrogen, worth §8.64, takes place for each head of cattle. This loss can be prevented by daily strewing the stables with two pounds of groimd plaster for each animal, which at once prevents any smell of ammonia from arising in the stable. The quantity prescribed means 700 lbs. or a cost of about 82.50 annually for each 1,000 lbs live weight, but by adopting this plan, the farmer wo'ild to a great extent be relieved from the necessity of purchasing the nitrogen of artificial fertilizers. In a pamphlet published by Vieweg, 1859, entitled Eiii PJiind Sficksfoff kaum einen Groschen, which may be freely translated ' A pound of nitrogen for a penny," Dr. JVIeyer-Altenberg maintained that ground gypsum is the very best preservative of barn- yard manure when applied in the stable, because it secures ' certainty and completeness of effect, ease of execution, and the lowest possible cost." He further described the effect of its application on the domain of Beberbeck in Hesse, and other impoverished farms, showing that it is possible to bring such into a fertile condition without the pur- chase of manure or fertilizers or feeding stuffs, excepting a little straw for bedding and oats for the horses. TREATMENT OF STABLE-YARD MANURE. Dr. Meyer-Altenberg, in the little work above mentioned, takes care to point out, that the use of gypsum, without subsequent careful treatment of the dungheaps, does 256 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 not o-ive the desired effect, and he dwells on the importance of having the manure thoroughly trodden down, and made as compact as possible. This is also shown in Dr. J. Koenig's prize essay, ' How can the farmer preserve and increase the stock of nitrogen on his property?" (Berlin, 1887.) In a special chapter of this work the author discusses ''The e%olution of free nitrogen during the fermentation and storage of stable manure, describes the experiments which were made from 1860 to 1885 regarding its treatment, and gives, finally, the results of the discussion from which the following sen- tences may be translated with advantage : — 1. In the decomposition of nitrogenous substances of every nature a loss, more or less considerable, of free nitrogen takes place. 2. This loss is the greater the more the atmosphere has access to the decomposing mass. 3. Too much moisture is just as hurtful as too little. Stable manure requires such a degree of humidity as permits its components to lie close to each other. 4. The addition of substances which fix ammonia (such as gypsum, kainite and kieserite) prevent or reduce the loss of niti'Ogen. These substances are, however, of little or no value if care is not taken at the same time to prevent as much as possible the access of air. 12. In storing stable manure in dungsteads the latter must be watertight and roofed in, and the treading down of their contents by the farm animals is to be recom- mended. In a recent bulletin (No. 63) of the Pennsylvania State College Agricultural Experi- ment station (1903) some important experiments on steer-feeding are described which confirm some of the foregoing results. The following quotations are of interest : — ' The trampled manure suffered little loss of fertilizing constituents, though less than two- fifths of the dry matter of food and litter was recovered in the manure.' 'The untrampled manure suffered more extensive losses of organic matter and nitrogen than the trampled manure, owing chiefiy to the more complete exclusion of air in the latter case.' One thing in connection with this question is perfectly certain and that is that the use of gypsum, or ordinary ground land plaster, prevents any loss of nitrogen in the stable, and while the manure is laeing forwarded to the dungheap. Further if the work from which the foregoing quotations have been made be carefully studied, and also the experiments and writings of Holdefleiss, Vogel and others, it appeals to be quite certain that the use of the same article, or the gypsum produced in the manufacture of ' acid- phosphate,' completely prevents the loss of ammonia from the liquid part of the manure, and also from the organic nitrogen of the solids, provided the whole has, previous to fermentation, been made thoroughly compact, and atmospheric air almost c mpletely excluded. Where it is found imp"ssible to attend to the latter precautions, the safest way will probably be found to lie in avoiding fermentation altogether, by conveying the fresh manure, after treatment with gvpsum, on the field to be manured and bringing it under the soil as rapidly as possible. The lattei- practice has been proved to be most advantageous by the experiments which have been carried on for some time_ past, at the Central Experimental Farm by Director Saunders. (See Reports for 1898.) Not only has the addition of substances which have the faculty of fixing ammonia been recommended for stable manure, but its improvement to a greater extent has been proposed by the addition of fertilizers. The following quotation is taken from Bulletin No. 45 (for March, 1897) of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, and was written by Dr. C. A. Goessmann, Chemist for that institution : — ' The practice of adding to the manurial refuse materials of the farm as stable manure, vegetable compost, &c., such single commercial manurial substances as will enrich them in the direction desirable Jor any particular crop to he raised, does not yet receive that degree of general atttntion which it deserves.' (The italics are in the original.) ' An addition of potash in the form of muriate or sulphate of potash, < r of phosphoric acid in the form of fine ground South Carolina or Florida soft phosphate, i^trc, will in many ADULTERATION OF FOOD 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 instances not only inlpl■o^'e their general fitness as complete manure, but quite frequently permit a material reduction in the amount of barn-yard manure ordinarily considered sufficient to secure satisfactory results.' ' Average composition of sevent3'-fi\e samples of barn-yard manure : — • Per cent. Lbs. per ton. Moisture 67 • 00 1,340 • 0 Nitrogen 0 ■ 52 10-4 Potassium oxide : 0 56 11-2 Phosphoric acid 0 39 7 8 ' The average barn-yard manure contains, it will be noticed from the above state- ment, a larger percentage of nitrogen, as compared with its potash and phosphoric acid than is generally considered economical. An addition of from thirty to forty pounds of muriate of potash, and of one hundred pounds of fine ground natural phosphate (soft Florida or South Carolina floats) per ton of barn-yard manure would greatly increase its value as an efficient and economical general fertilizer.' These are no doubt most excellent suggestions, and there is no reason why these substances should not be introduced into the stable manure in the same manner as in the case of the ground plaster above mentioned. Plain superphosphate and kainite might also be used, some of the constituents of Avhich would be useful in fixing the ammonia, as soon as formed from the organic nitrogen. Should this suggestion be found to have practical value, there is no doubt that our fertilizer manufacturers would be found able to supply our farmei'S, at a moderate cost, with a mixture of ground plaster, superphosphate and kainite, in such proportions as experience might show to be most advantageous. No better application can be made of the wood ashes produced in the farmer's household than by mixing them with the barn-yai'd manure, and most excellent results are known to have followed this practice. ACQUISITION OF XITROGEX. Not only can the farmer save almost the whole of the nitrogen contained in the fodder fed to his cattle, but he c^n actually increase the stock of it stored away in his fields, agricultural products and manure heaps, by a judicious course of crop rotation. For more than a century agricultural chemists have discussed the question as to whether free, atmospheric nitrogen can be assimilated by plants, but it may now be regarded as perfectly settled in the affirmative, if regard is had only to the plants of the order leguminosae, such as beans, pease, lentils, vetches, clovers, alfalfa, serradella, &c. Even the great English agriculturists, Sir J. B. Lawes and Sir Henry Gilbert, who had previously been of an opposite opinion, have now admitted that this appropriation of nitrogen has been completely proved. This acknowledgment was made by Sir Henry Gilbert, at a great meeting of agricultural chemists held at Halle, in Germany, in September, 1891. Thus, modern research has confirmed not only modern agricultural practice, but also the experience of antiquity, for Prof. W. Strecker has pointed out a passage in Pliny which says : ' Lupines require so little manure that they, in fact, replace it ; vetches make the land more fertile. Corn should be sown where previously lupines or vetches have stood, because they enrich the land.' It is not, however, to be supposed that this utilization of atmospheric nitrogen by leguminovis plants can take place upon very poor soils or upon those destitute of the inorganic constituents which they require. The latter must in such cases be supplied in the shape of potash with some phosphoric acid, as was done with great success by Schultz, of Lupitz, a practical agriculturist in North Germany. In fact, had it not been for his investigations, the controversy above referred to might have continued without results up to the present hour. Professor Koenig, of Muenster, gives the following summarj^ of Schultz's experience : — 'Schultz acquired the farm Lupitz in the year 1855 ; its soil consisted of a poor, cold diluvial sand : the profit in working it was very small. Lupines yielded, indeed, 258 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 as a fodder tolerable results, but when used as green manuring for rye and oats, no return was obtained from them. The application of artificial manures produced good crops, but they did not pay ; burnt lime showed itself to be too heating. The use of manure was more favourable, especially when fertilizers containing phosphoric acid were used at the same time. But at the best the total result was not satisfactory. ' Shortly after Schultz acquired Lupitz, the great discovery of potash salts was made, and about 1860 they began to be proluced from the mines of Stassfurth. Schultz made up his mind to try them as manure and he obtained the most surprising results. After lupines had shown the nselves to be useless as forerunners of grain, they were excluded from the rotation and grown on a separate field without an}- manuring and alternating with sheep pasture. But the harvest on these became worse and worse until the field in question became quite lupine "sick." Schultz made his first trial on this field, manuring it with 300 pounds kainite per morgen(l Prussian morgen = 0-631 acre); the .sickness was at once cured, and for twenty-five years afterwards Schultz grew lupines on this ground without interruption, always with the application of 300 pounds kainite. Schultz obtained similar good results on the ground which had received the marl, by the application of potash salts. This ground had indeed yielded well with lupines"^ for two years after the application of the marl, but in the third year they sick- ened here too. When, however, 300 pounds kainite were applied here and ploughed in, tlie ground was cured, although an application of phosphates had not produced the desired results. • ' The favourable infiuence which the manuring with kainite or potash salts had exerted on lupines induced Schultz to try them on grain, in conjunction with phosphates. But in this case he obtained contradictory results, according to the nature of the crops which preceded the grain. For instance while grain sowed after lupines and manured with potash and phosphates yield very good and remunerative harvests, these were not to be obtained if grain was grown after grain or after potatoes. This behaviour of these crops was explained by Schultz in this way : that lupines or deep-rooted plants leave in the soil after harvest a residue of root, in which a considerable amount of nitrogen has accumulated, an amount sufticieiit to supply the wants of the following grain crops ; that, on the other hand, the applicatit)n of potash and phosphates, to grain, after a preceding grain crop, is withoul eftect, for the reason that the latter has consumed the stock of nitrogen. Grain crops always reduce this stock ; never increase it. Schultz has given the name of " nitrogen collectors " to the lupines and similar plants, while grains are called " nitrogen consumers." His system of rotation is therefore the following : — Sow first nitrogen collectors (lupines, pease, beans, vetches, clover, lucerne, serradella, 6:c.), or, as they have been called, renovating crops, and give them 300 pounds kainite per morgen, with perhaps an addition of 20 pounds phosphoric acid. After harvesting the nitrogen collectors, sow a nitrogen consumer, raising a grain or exhausting crop, giving it also 300 pounds kainite and 20 pounds phosphoric acid. The grain crop is perfectly successful, because the first crop left behind it nitrogen enough to supply the wants of the grain. In this way the keeping of stock, which is expensive on a poor sandy soil, can be reduced and the purchase of nitrogenous fertilizers dispensed with, because the nitrogen collectors are able to stock the soil with that valuable element.' The foregoing description is taken from Professor Konig's ' Stickstoff Yorrath,' published in 1887 (Paul Parey, Berlin). It was in 1884, nearly thirty years after the purchase of his sandy farm, that Schultz, of Lupitz, published the results of his experience, although they did not contain anything very new and although they only confirmed experiences still older than his own. But his case was surprising and his explanation of the cause of his successful farming challenged the attention of scientific agriculturists. The consequence has been the issue of many pamphlets on the subject, and an activity in the region of agricultural experimenting which is not j^et ended. Atwater, Wagner, Heiden, Hellriegel and many others have participated in these investigations, and Professor Wood, of the Storrs Agricultural School in Connecticut, has given the following general conclusions as the result of the work : — 1. ' Pease, alfalfa, serradella, lupine, clover in all probability, and apparently leguminous plants in general, are able to acquire large quantities of nitrogen from the air during their period of growth. ADULTERATION OF FOOD I59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 2. 'There i« scarcely room to doubt that the free nitrogen of the air is thus acquired by plants. 3. ' That there is a connection between root tubercles and this accjuisition of nitro- gen is clearly demonstrated. What this connection is, what are the relations of micro- organisms to the root tubercles and the accjuisition of nitrogen, and in general how the nitrogen is obtained are questions still to be solved. -i. ' The cereals with which the experiments have been completed have not manifested this power of acquiring nitrogen, nor do they have such tubercles as are found on the roots of legumes. 5. ' In the experiments here reported, the addition of soil infusions did not seem necessary for the production of root tubercles. A plausible supposition is that the micro-organisms or their spores were floating in the air and were deposited in the pots in which the plants grew. 6. ' As a rule the greater the abundance of root tubercles in these experiments, the larger and more vigorous were the plants and the greater was the gain of nitrogen from the aii\ 7. ' In a number of these experiments, as in similar ones previously reported, there was a loss of nitrogen instead of gain. The loss occurred where there were no root tubercules ; it was especially large with oat plants, and largest where they had the most nitrogen at their disposal in the form of nitrates. As the gain of nitrogen by the legumes helps explain why they act as renovating crops, the loss in the case of the oats suggests a possible reason why they should appear to be an exhausting crop. ' Practical inferences : — The ability of legumes to gather nitrogen from the air helps to explain the usefulness of clover, alfalfa, pease, beans, vetches and cow pease as reno- vating crops, and enforces the importance of these crops to restore fertility to exhausted soils. The judicious use of mineral fertilizers (containing phosphoric acid, potash and lime) will enable the farmer to grow crops of legumes which, after being fed to his stock, will, with proper care to collect and preserve all manure, both liquid and solid, enable him to return a complete fertilizer in the shape of a barn-3"ard manure to his land. A further advantage of growing these crops is that the nitrogenous material, protein, which they contain in such great abundance, is especially valuable for fodder." From the foregoing it seems that, in the present condition of our knowledge, the conclusion may be drawn that the atmosphere stands ready to furnish the farmer, gratis, with all the organic constituents w^hich his crops require, provided always that he, on his part, wdll exercise a sufficient amount of skill and intelligence in appropriating and retain- ing on his farm the fertilizing materials, and especially the nitrogen. If he does this, all that is necessary for him to provide, in order to replace the losses which his farm sustains from the sale of stock or produce, are the inorganic or mineral constituents of these, and especially the phosphoric acid and potash. There is much in all this to remind one of Spi'engel and Liebigs teaching of fifty years ago, according to which a plant cannot thrive if its soil does not contain all the substances which are to be found ill its ash. UTILIZATION OF SEWAr;E. The losses in fertilizing material ^\■hich are sustained, as above mentioned, on account of the neglect or unscientific treatment of barn-yard manure, are very trifling when compared with those which the community suffers in the almost total loss of the nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash contained in human excreta. The utilization of such always becomes a subject for discussion when the question is raised as to how a cheaper class of manures than the artificial fertilizers can be obtained for use in agricul- ture. "Where the water carriage system of removing sewage and excrement has been in- " troduced, nothing is to be hoped for in the recovery of their fertilizing constituents. Even in cases where, at large expense, establishments have been erected for the treat- ment of sewage liy precipitation or similar methods, the products have been found to be 160 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 entirelV destitute of agricultural value. The greater part of the fertilizing constituent)> of sewage are in such a soluble condition, and have been diluted with water to such an extent, as to render their recovery economically impossible. It has been attempted in the neighbourhood of many cities in England and on the continent of Europe to use the sewat-'e for irrigation and as liquid manure, but this method of utilization has been found to be in the highest degree imperfect. At Berlin, it has been proved, that of the nitrogen contained in its sewage, at the very most only 13 8 per cent is found in the agricultural products of all the magnificent farms irrigated by it in the neighbourhood of the citv. When the use of water for removing house refuse is excluded, and ordure and urine are removed as manure in their natural state, their utilization is possible, and is made a sourse of revenue in such towns as Stuttgart, Groningen, Greifswald, &c. But the systems of this class which are in use have all their disadvantages, as is proved by the tendency which municipal authorities constantly show to adopt the water carriage system. The greatest disadvantage under which these systems labour is the difficulty caused by the offensiveness to sight and smell of the material with which they have to deal. This has been entirely met by the use of moss litter as an absorbent, deodorizer, and disinfectant. MOSS MANURE. > The first public mention of the usefulness of moss litter as a deodorizer and absor- bent seems to have been made by Dr. Ludwig Happe, in Braunschweig, in December,. 1880, since which time its application for the purpose has gradually increased until now, when the system has been introduced into several towns in Germany, and is also prac- tised in Congleton, Cheshire, England. In Canada this method of deodorizing human refuse has been in use for years at Caledonia Springs. It, of course at once recalls the dry earth system regarding which great expectations were at one time entertained. The advantages of moss litter over dry earth for the purposes in question are, however, very decided. They con^st in the perfect inofFensiveness of the moss litter product, in the fact that one part of moss litter will deodorize and dry at least six parts of mixed excreta, and in the greater agricultural value of the resulting manure. Dry earth (which is required in quantity at least equal to that of the excreta) is valueless from an atrricultural point of view, but this is not the case with moss litter, which, as its analyses show, often contains as much nitrogen as ordinary barn-yard manure. Numerous analyses have been made of moss litter manure as produced in Germany, and its average contents from seven different towns may here be stated. n * Value p. cent. lbs. per ton. p^^. ^^^^ Nitrogen 0 • 644 13-28 at 13c. .$1 72 Phosphoric acid .0-350 7 - 00 5 0 35 Potash 0-285 5 ■ 70 5 1 0 30 Water 83 - 00 $2 37 Numerous trials have been made on various crops with this manure, and very satis- factory lesults are always reported. In all cases it is stated to excel barn-yard manure even when the latter is used in much greater quantity. In a paper read before the Royal Society of Canada, on May 27, 1902, Mr. T, Macfarlane describes a manner of applying the moss litter, by means of which the quantity used is much reduced, and the value of the resulting manure greatly increased. Canada possesses in its bogs and swamps inexhaustible quantities of moss litter, which is frequently found in beds several feet in thickness lying above the peat. The ADULTERATION OF FOOD 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 following tests have been made in the Inland Revenue Laboi'atoiy of moss litter from various localities in the Dominion : — Moss litter, Berwick, N.S Black muck, n Moss fron; Great Village, N.S Sphagfnuin moss from Shijipegan, N.B Light -oloured moss litter fnnn Lincoln Parish, N.B Dark coloured sample from the foregoing locality Moss litter from Musquash, N.B., upper layer Moss litter from same locality, lower layer Peat from St. Bridget, Province of Quebec . .... Peat from St. Hubert, Quebec Light coloured moss litter from Caledonia Springs Dark coloured moss litter from same locality Peat from the same locality. Surface moss from the Mer Bleu at Eastman's Surface moss from the Mer Bleu at Baldwin's Fann Surface moss from the Mer Bleu at Baldwin's Farm, 18 inches deep Peat from Mer Bleu at McFaddeu's Farm, wide ditch, 1 Na\ an Peat from Mer Bleu, McFadden's Farm, narrow ditch, Navan Peat from near Stratford, Ont. Hypniim moss from near Stratford, Ont Moss litter from bog in Welland County, Ont Peat l5'ing underneath the foregoing Peat from the same locality, lying 4i feet below surface Peat from Dodson's bog, near Beaverton, Ont The manufacture of moss litter has been attempted at Musquash, in New Bruns- wick, and it has been produced in Welland county, Ontario. From the latter locality several bales of the moss litter were supplied for experimental purposes, and Dr. Laberge, of Montreal, undertook to superintend the carrying out of an experiment to determine its deodorizing and absorbent qualities. He reported that 100 lbs. of moss litter wei^e sufficient for drj^ing 800 lbs. of ordinary excreta from pi'ivy pits in Montreal, and rendering it entirely inoffensive. A sample of the product i-emained for days in his office without attracting notice and, indeed, it was quite devoid of odour. Its analysis gave the following results : — Lbs. Value ^ ■ ■ per ton. per ton. Nitrogen 131 26-2 at 13c. $3 41 Phosphoric acid 0 ■ 90 18-0 " 5 0 90 Potash . 0 • U 2-8 " 51 015 Water 65 • 47 $4 46 The valuation of ordinary fresh barn-yard manure with 75 per cent of water is about $2 per ton ; with 67 per cent water as in the cas,e of the average given above bv Dr. Goessmann, the value is nearly $2.25. Therefore, much better results might be expected agriculturally from a ' moss manure ' of the composition just described. Moss litter might also be applied with great advantage in public urinals. When a sample of it was supersaturated with urine and artificially dried, and this process repeated several times, no offensive odours were developed and the product was found on analysis to contain 12 41 per cent of nitrogen, which is equal to a valuation of .$ 32 . 26 per ton. 14—11 162 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 These facts are reported in order to show that Canada possesses in her waste lands abundance of material which might be used in our towns and villages for the production of a very valuable manure, with the simultaneous introduction of very many sanitary advantages. It is not to be expected that cities or towns which are advantageously situated for the water carriage system, or which have already adopted it, will make any changes, but there are many towns and villages in the Dominion where the application ~>f ';he moss litter system would be very suitable, and the authorities of which, by sellji.4 ah 3 product or giving it gratis to the farmers of the neighbourhood, might confer a great benefit on agriculture. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 APPENDIX L. BULLETIN No. 98— WHEATEN FLOUR. Ottawa, July 22, 1904. W. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — During the months of January and February last, samples of wheaten flour ■were obtained in all the collection districts of the Dominion as required in your letter of January 14, 1904. These are described in the statement, Table I appended to this report from which it will be seen that the number of samples collected in the various districts was as follows : — Halifax 8 Prince Edward Island 2 New Brunswick 6 Quebec 13 Montreal 12 Kingston 7 Toronto : 8 London 7 Winnipeg 4 Calgary 2 British Columbia 6 Total 75 The results of testing these samples are given in Table I which also contains all the information obtained by the food inspectors as regards the designations of the various brands, and the names of the manufacturers or furnishers. Many of the samples were simply sold as ' flour,' and it is quite possible that the manufacturers names as given by the vendors may not be accurate. Besides the descriptions of the 75 purchased samples there have also been introduced into the table the results of examining 7 standard samples of flour obtained from the Seci'etary of the Board of Trade, Montreal, as well as of 4 samples of their regular brands furnished by the Lake of the Woods Milling Co. These will be found useful for purposes of comparison, and perhaps afford a means of ascertaining whether any of the samples collected in the open market are of abnormal quality. The characters possessed by the samples are detailed in the various columns of Table I and under the following numbers : — 1. Total nitrogen ; 2. wheat proteids ; 3, 4 and 5. gluten ; 6, 7 and 8. degree of fineness as shown by bolting ; 9. acidity ; 10. Total ash ; 11, ratio of proteids to dry gluten. It wull thus be seen that, besides being chemically examined, all the samples were subjected to some of the practical tests known to millers. Regarding the value of the results stated in Table I the following i-emarks may be made. In no case of the purchased samples does the ash exceed 0-85 per cent, and the highest ash of the Montreal standard samples is 0-82 per cent. This demonstrates that there is no such thing practiced in Canada as the addition of inorganic substances to wheaten flour, and disproves most effectually the absurd rumour occasionally heard that very white and very finely ground gypsum is sometimes used for adulterating flour. 14— lU 164 INLAND- REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 No indication has been found of the admixture in these samples of flour from any- other or lower priced grain. Such an addition would in the case of maize flour be economically possible, but would result in lowering the quantity of gluten yielded by the sample. All those samples in which the percentage of dry gluten was less than 10 or in which the ratio of dry gluten to proteids was less than 1-2 to 1 have however been examined under the microscope without the discovery of any foreign starch. The number of samples so examined amounts to 37 and it was thought quite unnecessary to examine the others. It is therefore safe to conclude that no suspicion of adulteration by foreign grain attaches to any sample of Canadian flour. The fineness of the various samples is indicated in columns 6, 7 and 8, which show the results of the bolting test. The quantity remaining on bolting cloths Nos. 10 and 12 indicates the coarser particles present which no doubt, when the flour is made into dough, require a somewhat longer time to take up the necessary quantity of water. It may here be mentioned that no attempt has been made to determine the degree of whiteness of the various samples. The differences are so extremely slight that Lovibonds Tintometer w^as found useless for the purpose. The finest product in bolting is usually a shade lighter in colour than that collected between No. 10 and 12 bolting cloths, but it was not considered of sufficient importance to attempt to record this in the case of each sample. It is generally supposed that the value of wheaten flour for breadmaking purposes depends on the quantity and elasticity of the gluten which it contains. As regards quantity it M^ould appear that flours are on sale in Canada which give widely different per centages on being subjected to the gluten test. The columns 3, 4 and 5 give the results yielded by this process, which consists in making up 25 grammes of flour with as much water as is necessary to make a ball of stiff dough. This is then allowed to rest half an hour in order that the flour particles may be^ completely permeated by the water. The ball is then kneaded by the fingers over a fine hair sieve and under a stream of tepid w^ater, until all the starch is removed and the water passes off perfectly clear, when the crude or wet gluten remains, browr coloured, soft and more or less elastic. The latter quality should be noted, although there is no precise means of expressing the degree of elasticity. After all excess of water has been squeezed out of the crude gluten it is made to^ assume the form of a thin round cake, and weighed in the moist condition. It is afterwards dried in the water bath at 98°C, and the loss of water calculated on the wet or crude gluten. The three. results for each sample were thus obtained, which are recorded in Table T. With reference to the percentage of water in the crude gluten, it has been said that it is highest in the flours best adapted for breadmaking, and that the water in glutens from first class flours amounts to 70 p.c, while the medium grades yield o-lutens containing only 62 to 65 p.c* These statements are not supported by the numbers given under "columns 3, 4 and 5, because none of the crude glutens from the standard samples contain more than 64-6 p.c. water and none of the collected samples yield a gluten with more than 69-8 p.c. The percentages of dry gluten yielded by the Montreal standard samples rangQ from 15-64 to 8-08 per cent. Among the collected samples are some whose dry gluten is beyond these limits. Although consisting essentially of the proteids of the flour, the quantity of dry o-luten does not correspond to that of the proteids calculated from the nitrogen per- centage given in column 2 of Table I., but is usually much higher. It contains, besides proteids, small quantities of fat, fibre and other substances. As regards the quality of the various samples a wide variation is also fundamentally exhibited in the percentages of nitrogen given in column 1, which range from 2-23 dowm to 1-15 per cent. It will be seen that, in calculating the proteids in column 2 from the nitrogen, 5-7 has been substituted for the old factor 6-25. This has been done in deference to the investigations of Osborne it Voorhees, and the practice of Prof. Snyder. Instead of 16, the old percentage of nitrogen which all vegetable proteids and animal albumenoids were assumed to contain, glutenin ar;dgliadin, the chief nitrogenous constituents of wheat, contain respectively 17*49 and 17-66 per cent. The correspond- * Observations on flours. Balland ; Journal of the Society cf Chemical Industiy, 1895, p. 37'J. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 ing factors for converting the nitrogen into the proteids would be 5-72 and 5 " 66. In his recent paper on the determination of gHadin* Professor Snyder adopts 5 ■ 7 as the factor for the total proteids, which practice it will be convenient to follow in regard to all the diiferent proteids of wheaten flour. From column 2 it will be seen that the wheat proteids contained in the purchased simples vary from 12 "71 down to 6 ■ 56 per cent, which means that some flours contain twice as much as do others of these valuable flesh and blood forming substances. Among the Montreal standards the proteids range from 10 '69 to 7 '34 per cent, and it appears that, out of the 75 collected samples, 16 have percentages outside of these limits. Ten are above 10 69 per cent in wheat pro- teids and six are below 7 " 34. It will be seen later that some of these have been sub- jected to a closer chemical examination. The names given to the Montreal standards must not be taken as affording any in- dication of the origin of the wheats which yielded the flours. These may come from the winter-grown grain of Ontario, or the hard varieties of Manitoba or may be from mix- tures of both. JS' either is there anything in the designations of the purchased samples to show from what variety of wheat they are derived. It appears that there is no such thing in these modern times as grinding the whole of any particular lot of grain into flour, shorts and bran. Much more frequently flour is obtained from a mixture of different -^-arieties of wheat, and diflferent grades of flour may be obtained from the one mixture. The art of milling has been revolutionized and its operations are ditidcult to follow. It has alread\^ been mentioned and will be seen from Table 1 that the percentage of dry gluten is invariably higher than that of the wheat proteids. This is not surpris- ing, for an average sample of dry gluten consisting of a number of cakes from different flours ground up together was found to contain only 12 '40 per cent of nitrogen which corresponds to 70 68 per cent of wheat proteids, or what Jago has called " true gluten." If in the gluten test there were no loss of nitrogenous substances the ratio of px'Oteids to dry gluten would therefore be about 1:1' 43. This figure is actualh^ reached in the case of " Strong Bakers' "' among the Montreal standards and in two brands among the flours made by the Lake of the Woods Milling Co., as will be seen on consulting column 1 1 of Table I. Among the samples taken in' the open market this ratio varies from 1 : 1 "41 to 1 : 0 82, but it would be wrong to assume that the lower a flour is in the percentage of proteids, the lower will be the relative quantity of thy gluten which the flour yields. There are flours entered in the table in which the percentage of wheat proteids is about 8 and the proportion of these to dry gluten is 1 : 1 "39. On the other hand there are samples with about 11 per cent true gluten in which the ratio in ques- tion is as 1 is to 1 • 12. This ratio would appear however to be of value for indicating the physical character of the gluten in a flour, independently altogether of its percent- age. The following quotation from f Jago will help to explain this matter. ' The value of estimations of true gluten as a check on those of crude gluten has already been indicated, but they have also an additional importance. Suppose, for example, two flours each yield 35 per cent of wet gluten. One is hard, elastic and springy, while the other is soft and flabby, and causes the washing water to become ' lathery '. It will at once be said that the former is the higher quality gluten of the two, and quite correctly ; but, further, the results would be entered that each yielded the same quantity of gluten. This latter deduction is not all the truth, for in the former case hardness of the gluten' will have pei"mitted most of the starch to be entirely eliminated with the least possible loss of real gluten constituents. In the second instance the gluten will have begun to wash away while yet there is a considerable quantity of starch remaining.' It would, therefore, seem i-easonable to conclude that the higher the proportion of dry gluten to the wheat proteids or true gluten, the greater is the " strength " of the flour, the firmer the gluten and the less its liability to lose proteids in the washing. Of late years some authorities have come to the conclusion that a determination of the gliadin in flour is one of much importance. As long ago as 1898, Dr. Emile "Science and Art ot Breadmaking, 1895, p. .514. f Journal of the American Chemical Society, xxvi, p. 26. 166 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 rieurentf wrote thus on the subject : — ' The gluten of wheaten flour consists of a mix- ture of two principal products, the one glutenin, a pulverulent matter ; the other gliadin, a viscous sticky flowing substance. It is according to the relative proportions in which these two substances enter into the constitution of different glutens that the latter owe their greater or lesser degree of elasticity and the irregular manner in which they behave during the process of fermentation and baking. A gluten very rich in glutenin is dry and short, it does not rise easily and gives after baking a compact mass ; a gluten too rich in gliadin behaves well during fermentation because it is soft and yielding, but, in baking the gliadin dissolves before coagulating, the. gaseous products escape, the dough spreads itself and collapses forming a scarcely porous mass and giving the appearance of badly raised bread,' Allen* states that "so far as known, wheat is the only seed the flour of which yields a tough elastic gluten-mass on treatment with water. It is the gliadin which imparts to wheat-flour the property of forming a stiff, elastic dough, capable of retaining vesicles of gas, and thus producing a light and porous loaf.' Not only from a scientific point of view has a determination of the gliadin in wheaten flour been thought desirable but practical millers in the United States have deemed the matter to be worthy of attention and have endeavoured to ascertain the percentage of this proteid in the wheat they purchase and the flours they manufacture. Reference has already been made to Prof. Snyder's process for this purpose. On the other hand doubts have been expressed as to the utility of such a determination, and, in a very recent article on flourf, Hans Stein, a millowner in Silesia remarks that Fleurents method of separating gluten into its constituents had led to no comprehensible results. Nevertheless from the point of view of the' ordinary miller and consumer it seems desirable to attempt the ■ estimation of gliadin and to make closer analyses of wheaten flour for the purpose of ascertaining the essential differences in the qualities of the various flours found on the market, and the value of the names attached to the samples which are each year put forward as standards by the representatives of the grain trade. It was found impossible to subject all the samples collected to this closer examin- ation but a selection was made from among the samples described in Table I, and the results of their analysis are given in Table II, most of the work connected with which was done by Miss S. E. Wright. The headings in this table explain them- selves for the most part, but it seems necessary to describe briefly the manner of operat- ing, and explain how the results tabled under Alcohol Extract were obtained. In order thoroughly to expose the particles of flour to the action of the various solvents, it was distributed through crysotile fibre (Canadian asbestos) placed in so-called Macfarlane tubes which had previously been furnished with a filtering bed. The tube used has a total depth of 75 mm. of which 15 mm. are occupied by the tubulature at the bottom. The body of the tube is 60 mm. long with an outside diameter of 40 mm. A small piece of fine wire gauze is placed over the tubulature and upon this a small quantity of crysolite fibre. Over this a fine filtering bed is laid by pouring into the tube, placed over the water pump, a small quantity of pulp made of hornblendic asbestos, similar to that used for the Gooch crucible. The rest of the tube is filled up with crysotile fibre, through which the flour submitted to analysis is distributed. After drying and extract- ing with petrolic ether, the tubes are treated in the exti'action apparatus with alcohol of 60 per cent by volume. In this as in the fat extraction, the solvent is boiled on a plate heated electrically, and thus all danger from the breaking of a flask and the inflam- mability of the solvents avoided. On boiling the 60 per cent alcohol in the lower flask it returns from the condenser of a strength varying from 80 to 85 per cent by volume and percolates the tubes. The extraction is completed in seven hours, but it has some- times been found convenient to start it at night and allow it to continue till morniuv, unattended, which can be done without danger. Two tubes are extracted together each containing 2| grammes, and, by drying and weighing these, the loss sustained by the flour is ascertained. The extract from these 5 grammes is deprived of its alcohol, ' Organic Analysis IV, p 75. f Zeitsciirif t f flr Untersudiung der Nahrungs und genussniittel, 1904, p 730. t Manuel d'Analyse Chimique, p .SIO. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 and then divided into equal parts, one of which is used for determining the nitrogen by the Kjeldahl inetliod, and the other for the estimation of the sugars. The sum of these determinations subtracted from the loss sustained by the flour gives the amount of non- nitrogenous substances extracted by the alcohol. The gliadin in the alcohol extract is ascertained on multiplying its nitrogen by 5 • 7. On deducting the gliadin from the total proteids the t^uantity present is ascertained of glutenin and other proteids insoluble in alcohol. From the relative quantities of total proteids and gliadin the figures given in the last column are obtained. How far this percentage of gliadin in the total proteids has any practical value cannot at present be decided. Among some of the collected flours it is as low as 28 per cent, but it has to be remembered that some of these were selected for closer examination because of their abnormal characters in other respects. It may be stated that the average sample of dried gluten referred to above was subjected to the same examination as the samples in Table II and gave the following results : — Per- centage. Total nitrogen 12-40 " proteids (N x -5 • 7) 70 ■ 68 ^loisture . . 3 ■ 68 Fat 0-36 Alcohol extract, containing — Reducing sugar stated as dextrose 0 • 43 Sugar after inversion stated as sucrose 041 Gliadin (N of alcohol extract x 5-7) .5 52 Non-nitrogenous substances . , 7 ■ 92 "Water extract 2 • 72 Glutenin and other proteids insoluble in alcohol 65-15 Total ash 2 72 Starch and fibre (by diffierence) 11 ■ 09 100-00 These results were confirmed by an experiment made on crude or wet gluten. From this it appears that dry gluten contains on the average only 70*68 p.c. of proteids and that of these only 5-52 parts are soluble in alcohol. Since the proteids in wheat flour contain from 32 to 58 p.c. of gliadin or alcohol soluble proteid, it would appear that in the gluten test a considerable percentage must be carried away by the water. If the proteids in the dry gluten operated on had contained say 45 p.c. of gliadin then 31-95 p.c. of the gluten should have been extracted by alcohol ; whereas the total alcohol extract is only 14-28 and of this only 5-52 is gliadin. It may, however, be the case, as has been maintained by other observers, that gluten as such does not preexist in flour, or that its constituents enter into a state of more intimate combination under the influence of water when the flour comes to be made into dough. The present report is to be regarded as the first contribution from this laboratory on the analj^sis of flour. Unfortunately I am at present unable to say with certainty in what respects all the results now submitted coincide with or illustrate points in the miller's practical experience. I hope, however, that this report, if published, may attract the attention of practical men, and that I may hereafter have an opportunity of con- sulting- with them and possibly of reaching more definite conclusions. I have the honour to be. Sir, your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE, Chief Analyst. 168 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 INSPECTION OF WHEATEN FLOUR— o 1903. Jan. 27 „ 27 „ 27 „ 27 „ 27 M 27 „ 27 „ 27 „ 26 „ 27 Jan. Nature of Sample. Feb. Jan. 25 -. 26 M 27 Halifax District. Splendid Brand . . . Sunbeam Golden Crown Halifax Queen City Prince Edward Island District. Wheat Flour New Brunswick District. Wheat Flour— ' Golden Star '. . , . ' Royal Household Family flour — ' White Satin '. . . . ' Five Roses ' (Pastry Flour) Home Trade.. . . . (Pastry Flour) Harvest Moon (Pastry Flour) Quebec District. Wheat Flour 20422 20424 20426 20432 20434 20438 20440 20442 24402 24406 23807 Name and Address of Vendor. D. Wood, Windsor, N.S. Graham & Co., W^indsor. Murphy & D e M o n t , Windsor. Brown & Graham, Hali- fax. R. T. Forristall. Halifax. Cost. M. J. Hopgood Burgess & Quinn H. W. Wentzell & Co. Halifax. Bur & Goff, Charlotte- town. Brace & McKay, Sum merside. W. F. Campbell, 16 Ger- main vSt., St. John. 23808 J. F. Shaw, cor. Waterloo and Golding Sts., St. John. 23813;The (2) Barkers, Ltd., 287 j Main St.. Moncton. 23814 John O'Neil, Main St., Moncton, N.B. 23818 Hughes &Maxwelle,King St., St. Stephen, N.B. 23821! John McKnight, Regent St., Fredericton. 23651 Aug. Beausoleil, Terre- ! bonne. 23653jJ. J. Soumis, Joliette. . . 23659JPaquette Freres, Ber- thierville. >.C... Portland Flouring Mills, Portland, Oregon Lake of the the Woods Milling Co., Keewatin ADULTERATION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 TABULATED STATEMENT 1— Concluded 175 Results of Examination. p. c. p. c. PLit-: 1-96 1-88 1-652 1-630 Ghiten. p. c. p. c. p. c. Bolting. 3 -P 11 17 10-69 9-41 9-29 39-57 14-41 3600 12-97 680 9 960 11 036 740 050 666 -870 -841 -834 -792 •687 •386 •288 2 149 2 016 1-827 1-743 12-24 11-49 10 41 9-94 39 31 29-85 13-27 10-52 63 58 03^ 97 66-24 64-74 12 12 79 15 50 86j 13 93; 7 96 11 p. c. 001 001 66-58 64-69 43-83 16-71! 42 01 16-821 36 91 13-64 44-57 17-42 61-8 59-9 •63-0 60-9 m© •51-^ 9 10 p. c. p. c. 12-88J 87 04 1-67 98-29 p. c. I p. c. 0 144 0 101 001 6-73 92-91 0-216 014 212 96-60 0151 64 06 0-00 3 64-94 0 08 9 65-38 001 0 002 001 63-951 001 94 96 70 1 90 63 11 76 14 91 58 62| 80 48; 93 07 95 31 93 0-03 5-27 002 2-79 0 03 10-56 004 4-63 94 -.56 95-68 89-28 95-12 0 1731 C-245 0-194 0 137 0-144 0-50 0-40 t; >: 05 11 p. c. 1:1-29 1:1-21 0-681:1-41 I 0 481:113 Xame of Analyst. 23930 23933 Miss E. Davidson. 21777jMiss E. Davidson. 2178o! 31 24921 40 24930 -681:1 • 16*1:1 •821:1 •541:1 ..521:1 10 1:1 •181:1 24931 24932 24933 24934 0301:136 036 1:1^46 0^ 16 1:1 31 0161:1 75 176 INLAND REYENVES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Percent- age Gliadin in total Proteids. -J P. 00 t^ m © © o 1-1 © ^ © rr © CO o ^~'*< (N ® 1-1© 'H- o© t^c- io •* ■* ■* T»< CO IN m o m CO CO —1 1^ © ©i-l-*©X C0NCO©i-Hi-l O IN IN 1^© X o CO ^ -* in in l^ IN rf © © X 1-1 X -i* l^ 1-1 coining)'-*' -^■viri-^co-r' Starch ilii d Tf 1-1 in o -^ t~ 00 (M «5 Cq O IM t^ 1-1 -* 01 © 1— •*■ «0 C5 r~ i^ t>- CD t- 1- 1^ t-INTt-®X® IN-*ii*<®X© xx-*t^ ®t^©^-'»- ifco©oin© ©C005© ilncDXin© 4tHi-i©ifoox t- 1- © t^ © t^ l^ t^ t^ t>. t- © t^ t^ © CO m tj 00 V3 IM ■* IN © 00 CO r-l X O >0 T-i 1-1 ©© © © eocOiH 1- b® be ©Xr-iCIN INt^t^-^XX IN©^©© r-1©©©Tt0 00 O .in ■*©x©x® © © © © X © © (^ b © i-i 1-1 1-1 ©IN IN CO 1-1 1-1 xxxt-xxx d OS oi >n iH (N ® ■* CD -* Tti (N «D 05 CO ® ® o ® r: t~ t^ 1-1 r-1 i-l rH Tt< © 1-H t^ IN -*< -f 1- INi-l © 1-H t^x©iN© ©i-i©xxin t^©in[^in xi^©i-tt^(N © t^ ©' © © rH N C^ l^ © 1-i 1-1 i-i 1-1 1-1 rH 1-1 OrH 1-1 1-1 -it<©I^XCO rtiX©CO©in (N (N © ® in X © © CO CO ® ^ iJ" X X © ©©©©©IN ® © CO CO CO CO in in m in (N ININC^lINN iNOqiNlNININ S?5 IN IN 1 -E cS O £ c Id O TO Ij d"Jl Tjp: bio -a fi : • -^ ■g. : - -^ 1e -.5 X i -2 35 ►-5 d 5 bo 1 i 2 0. c C d PrPh Samples collected in the open market as shown in Table 1 — Graham & Co., Windsor. N.S. . Murphy & Demont, « W. F. Campbell, St John, M.B. J. F. Shaw, J. J. Soumis, Joliette, P.Q Demers & Lorange, St. Hyacin- the ! ... O 2 a °^ 6 5 Pa ■ c • O : S ^« ll >^ 'i ■ c - 01 ADULTERATION OF FOOD IT? SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 APPENDIX M. BULLETIN No. 99— TEA. Ottawa, July 27, 1904. AV. J. Gerald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — I submit herewith a report by Mr. McGill concei^ning seventy-three samples of tea collected in April and May last, in accordance with your instructions of January 14, 1904. The report is accompanied by a tabulated statement showing the origin of the various samples as well as the result of the examinations. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, THOMAS MACFARLANE. Chief Analyst. <■ Laboratory of the Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, May 23, 1904. Thos. Macfarlane, Esq., F.R.S.C., Chief Analyst. Sir, — I beg to hand you herewith a report upon seventy-three samples of tea, including as follows : Black teas 50 samples. Green and Japan 23 " You will observe that two samples included in the Inspector's invoices have not come to hand. These are Nos. 20470 and 20471. These samples, without exception, possess the botanical characters of the tea leaf • and the extractive is high enough to give proof that they have not undergone any exhaustion with water. The ash is normal, and they must therefore be recognized as genuine teas. Except so far as the size of the leaf, its broken character, the presence of excess of stems and tea dust are concerned, I have done nothing to determine the quality or <^rade of the teas in question. The object of this examination has simply been to a-scertain the specific genuineness of the samples as tea. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, A. McGILL. 14—12 178 INLAND A'L'T L'-Vt^.S' 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 •sidiutjc^ JO jaqum^ iCi -.c tc S-1 (N !N (M IM C: vr .:. =» ., ■r. jr ^ ^ -r- — " ■/. c ' >-. - •f. •y ^ ^ -^ > ?- -" ■ J r^ ". < •11 \ 0 •f. "^ y^ 0 ii 5 5 t: 1 4> i X -II ^ ^ 0) if :3 III 1 an 2; — ^ fT^ UJ ■-: X 0: 2: e »■ o o 0 « © _ ^ 10 in ir c 4^ D T '•'-■ ■M . t^ -r c sc _.- 1 o 13 ^^ -- - - - -- - -- ^ ^ "" h-^ ai CQ S X 15 •y. P 3 0 7: -*■ ?: |aa li ^^ <• "^ C") .^ If :^ r^ 6^ -c £ O '> ;_! 0 a s -t- ^- X ^ ^ c ^^ -t^ > 0 — « X = "5a: g '^ =y =f 1 c rr ,_; £ ^ 11^ 1 X M ^ d pi 0 02 a 0 ^ S »s •-0 r^ 23 ■"^i duiuc^ JO actquunv;;^ ^ -f 0 ^ 2; ^ 3 -r -T ?£ (m55 C-l C^l I^ VI rj ?1 .g '■•i. t; -c 1 X X C , !^ ■ i _± Ji C "H ^ n; -r i IT ? ■ ^ — ^" 7^ ^ g — rt ^- -1 g 1 i •I ^ ^1 > - ^ 1-^ h^ ^5 ^ ,t< V i - "as „ •w .*? t> i^ 1 = = = r - = = s C5 C5 s Tl Tl in tc 0 in 0 IS C^ I- t- •a^n^a i ^ = ^ • -' -- -- '- -^ ^ M <; r ADULTERATION OF FOOD 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 2 S I- 22 Ci c C S a S a- 5 • — >■• cS C j? o o t>c i: -i fc -n X m of ^ ./■ rt ^ .? c3 -tt ff* - -^ i >- 31 H H H OJ O O HI p p o g g Hr- H H H r ^ so be ^ w _^ TO fc> TO =5 S C -J2 » -^ eo s: ^ O :5 » •O lO S<1 1-1 so o e Ci o (Ml— S<1 © o o O 1-H rt = -7: Fw^; "-^ - _, =t* ^ r ^ S ^ r^ -• 5 O O O O •50 t: ^^ K C O iJ « ? O o ij mi' "^ 1^ < X c < $ r:2^ .i be O .CO r5-= S to '"^ w S § X — ^ -ti •M ?r C ^ 3 S - vT C! -< C > J -ii ^ ^ C-1 ir: tr I- CO cq (M C<1 IM S C3 ^ S "H « "i — H. 5* X -? O X :2 C5 r: m o; X CO I-H 1-1 4 U— 12^ 180 INLAND REVENUES 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 1 » t- X * 0 i-l IM 0 ^H ■M ^ -T in o 0 d •a^dniBS }0 aaquin^ | li3 iP i:i 0 s S pr S in s in in 1 (M e>5 C K Si c 1 — j; M ■5 : r : = = - 2 : r = r = o -K S s 6 =^ "3 Ju T 0 a" 6 "J ^ ^ o b d b tD ^ ^ it t+3 ^ w 3 JZ j=i .■^ u. ^ p^ ^ c3 S 1 -3 3c if = 1 c 1' <£ J > 5 > 1 > III » $ 6 > ^ o 1 p § a; cS _S s"^ = |-i J • ? J. tS 1* =? 0 5 -» i- ..s = 7. i c; cS 0^ ^ ^ -a ^ r» ^le cS ■; ^ ^ :^ 1 ^ o ^3 - i"- 1 — It-^ a>- - (K ** ^5j -- tt C-l H H r-i r- r- H H jH H r^ "— -~ "0 •* 0 -*-» © ^ * ^ •^ ^f © •* •^ • 0 (M C5 01 (M w ■^ :c *? oc eo C5 0 o K s >■ •qsB ^'B^ox - i »a lb m in in i^ in i -t lb lb lb "in 0 «>. t- ~c5 to *n 0 in ;c t^ 0 ;0 a fj 0 M 0 C<] ti Cv cc i-t a < 2; •lOBa^^xa "0 dOT cj 0 1-1 0 © 0 0 ^ 0 ^ © © l-H © ^ ~ i< JO ^f^jA'BjS o^ioadg — i-H 1-1 - -- •^ - - - 05 i^ m b o ^ O T3 < £ || .» 'C -^11^ c Q cS ":: s a J S f2 ^ 2 5 g -So 3 > '5 0 3 1 ;3 0 0 > ■5 5c = : r r "5 x U3 0 m -s" 0 c ic in ir 0 © m m 6 iM IM IM cc -t> c^ ^ « s^ T-H c^ 5^1 O O " - ^ -^ i-H 1-1 - I-l ^ ^ 3 j M ^ ^ v: OS 2 "i ; 0 m 0 a: i5 > 5 ■J 3 1 0 ':5 ^ ! 5 7: :: ^3 ?-i ^ ^ f :-: IT - cc 'E IS ^ r 2 ! > '^ ~ "S 0 1>: § 0 gj5 ii d 1^ 11 x'~; 33 1^. i s _^ d jT. "p- ■"^ 1-^ __c K J s ' ^ i~ CO Ci c IM © CN (« ~ Tj< 0 C 0 0 0 i i-( 5C ;c •aidcQL'g JO jaqranjii i .-1 S I 1? ) in 1 c >o If 5 If 5 in 55 ~| 1 IM >>! &J X M •uoi^DaiioQ JO a;BQ r: i < J ADULTERATION OF FOOD 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Ol i» Oi <>i r^ .— (M e<5e<5 T J. ^ :i2 O- ^ C aj o^S "S £-■ ^ f£-£ §c t^ c_i E_i t^ S 0 - ;^ ^ s > H H _aj_S ^ c i; o d fe c3 -^ -^ * — «; =" 0 Si in TjH S<1 t^ t^ Ci ?1 r>1 o C5 05 GV O ? -o c ^ = f = o o z z t 9 O ^ o ^ 99 ^ 1-1 cc s -J -I I ^^dl5|^ ?^ !M Ti ^ •-- ri ri >. - 1--^ _c n u ti) 2 ^^ s o — 0 2 S o -S S _o 1 ^ ^ g >. <; < 'r ^ s P .-r 0 •-s H -r. :c :H ^ r^ '^ H 72 -j' j: rS a O h-j 00 00 t .0 g C 0 Q '^ O ~ — -, rt KI (M I ^i CJ ^> c j; *i >' . ^ U n S X offi o O ce go H P5 ^ Phi-: 02 1-^ ICl t^o gg *y^ ^ ho -3 T3 " £ 5 C ^ r^ '^ Jg-^ he w " s — 0) 1 "T 2 ?2 CD ^ lO - eg >> rt n ra >> fD -* Ii Q? ' — ^ _H - 0) — 1^ ' 00 O lO ^ lO JO X^ia'bjS Dgioadg .-IOC' ?xi — ij i-i 1^ 'Ec ^-, c O =« IJ 5 . C oj o c|S 5 - ^ a^ • o "2 o c •ajdaiBg JO jaqoin^ Q U > 5 S Q 5^- •-? > X S 5 M?^ 5 r. -= :-^^ 72 .Ph 9g o t- cr. IM (M h Baxter, Stratford Reck & Schell, Berlin Lbs. * 4 i $cts. 0 40 3.. 0 25 3.. 0 25 3.. 0 .35 .. 23. . ,. 27.. .. 23.. London. District. Aroma coffee Mocha coffee Cofifee 0 40 0 40 0 15 .. 28. , A . J. Fitzsimmons, Guelph James Patterson & Co., Fergus, Ont. Petei- Dill, Seaforth 0 15 M 29.. Feb 6 0 28 0 40 6.. Charles A. Nairn, Goderich W. Dowling & Co., Brandon A. < Jrant, Brandon 0 40 9.. Winnipeg District. Coffee 0 25 .. 10.. 0 25 .- 10.. M 12.. .. 10.. Cuhjarii District. Ground coffee McLellan & English, Virden .... W. W. Stone, Winnipeg. , A. H. Richards & Co., Strathcona. Monroe een fully worked out. Strawberry Weevil. — A troublesome pest of the strawberry, Anthonomus signatus, which destroys the flower buds before they open, did some harm in western Ontario. Root Crops and Vegetables — Cutworms. — Several species of Cutworms were com- plained of in different parts of the Dominion; the worst attacks were in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The poisoned-bran remedy was tried by many, as advised by the entomologist, and invariably gave satisfaction. REPORT OF THE MINISTER xxxix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Boot Maggots. — The destructive Root Maggots of onions, cabbages and radishes were abundant in many districts. An investigation of remedies was undertaken and will be continued next year. For small areas, cheap cheese-cloth coverings gave per- fect immunity, and better and earlier crops of the above-named plants were secured. CHEMISTRY DIVISION. As in past years, this branch of the experimental farms work has rendered im- portant and valuable assistance to Canadian agriculture by the prosecution of re- search in matters of more or less general interest to farmers, and by the dissemination of information by correspondence, lectures and bulletins. It would seem evident, from the increasing correspondence of the division and the large number of samples of an agricultural nature forwarded to the laboratory for examination, that there is a grow- ing desire on the part of the Canadian farmer to benefit by the work of the chemist. Among the more important of the numerous investigations that have engaged the attention of the chemist and his staff, during the year 1903-04, brief mention may be made of the following: — Soils. — The examination of virgin soils representative of large areas of as yet unoccupied, or but partially occupied, lands, has been continued. These include soils from various districts in British Columbia, the North-west Territories and New Ontario. Detailed accounts of these appear in the report of the experimental farms for the current year. As far as is practicable, deductions have been made from the analytical data respecting the suitability of these lands for various crops, and informa- tion given as to the most economical methods for maintaining and increasing their fertility. The Maintenanoe of Fertility through the Growth of Legumes. — Further experi- ments have been carefully conducted in this important research. They corroborate previous results in showing that in this class of plants (the clovers, &c.) we have the means of readily and cheaply enriching the soil in organic matter (humus) and nitrogen — the former improving the general tilth, and the latter becoming, by nitri- fication, a valuable source of food for subsequent crops. Practical experience through- out the length and breadth of Canada is year by year bearing favourable testimony to this means of increasing the soil's productiveness. It, undoubtedly, is the only method giving results at all comparable to those obtained from the use of farm manures. Trials have also been made with the new cultures of the nitrogen-assimilating bacteria recently prepared by the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., U.S. The results can only be given as fairly successful, and further work must be done before anything definite can be said as to th^ practical utility of this new culture. Soil Moisture Investigations. — The fourth season's work towards ascertaining the effect of various cover crops, cultivation, &c., upon the moisture content of orchard soils, has been brought to a close, furnishing information that will prove of service in orchard management. These investigations have been conducted on the experimental farms at Ottawa and Nappan, and include trials with oats, buckwheat, pease, hairy 15— Di xl DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 vetch, soja beans and horse beans, as compared with clean culture. Much attention has been paid of late to soil management by orchardists, and although the treatment must necessarily differ in detail according to locality, nature of soil, &c., the system that gives clean cultivation during the early part of the season followed by a legumin- ous crop is the one most widely adopted. The results obtained from the experiments of this division clearly show that in those localities where during the early part of the season there may be an insufficiency of moisture for the trees' growth, the orchard soil ■should be given clean cultivation, say, till July 1. A cover crop should then be sown. This will serve to enrich the land, hasten the ripening of the wood and furnish pro- tection to the roots during the ensuing winter. Fodder Plants and Feeding Stuif^.. — Valuable additions have been made to our knowledge of the relative values of feeding materials by the analysis of the various farm roots, fodder corn, certain mixed ensilages, &c. There has also been examined a considerable number of milling by-products, proprietary^ cattle foods, and the so-called stock and condimental foods now upon the Canadian market. The feeding value of the straw and ^grain from rusted wheat — a matter of some importance this year to farmers in Manitoba — has been determined. The composition of Emnber and Spelt, varieties of wheat now widely exploited for feeding purposes, has been ascertairijed, the results appearing as an appendix to Bulletin No. 45, issued during the past year. In addition to detailed accounts of the aforementioned investigations, the report of this division for the current year will be found to contain analyses of certain new insecticides and fungicides, of about one hundred well waters from farm homesteads and creameries, and of a number of samples of wood ashes, bone, fish refuse, and other materials of a fertilizing value. CEREAL BREEDING AND EXPERIMENTATION DIVISION. The establishment of this as a separate division of the work of the experimental farms has made it possible to greatly enlarge the scope of the investigations which are being carried on, and to introduce some new features of much practical value. Breeding New Cereals. — Several hundred new varieties of cereals (principally wheat) have been originated in this division during the past year. From among these it is expected that some very valuable sorts for general cultivation will be available after a few years, when the different types have been fixed by careful selection. The more important of the older cross-bred sorts, produced at the experimental farms, have been thoroughly re-selected in order to bring them, as far as possible, to a condition of absolute uniformity. Many new strains of special merit have also been obtained by the selection of heads or plants exhibiting unnsual excellence. It is believed that in this way a considerable improvement has already been made upon the varieties from which the selections were made, especially in regard to earliness in ripening and quality. Good progress has also been made in the purification of some of the most important standard varieties of grain which are now in general cultivation REPORT OF THE MINISTER- xU SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 in a more or less mixed and unsatisfactory condition. All of these new selections are being propagated as rapidly as possible, and the best of them will be introduced to the public as soon as a sufficient quantity of seed has been obtained. The work of cross-fertilising in cereals has been continued as usual, a number of interesting crosses having been effected. Quality of Wheat. — In view of the great importance of maintaining the high quality of Canadian wheat as grown on the great plains and elsewhere, and the desir- ability of improving this cereal as grown in some of the older sections of the Dom- inion, a thorough study of the varieties of wheat now generally cultivated seemed ne- cessary. I, therefore, authorized this year, the purchase of a small roller-process flour mill for experimental purposes. This mill has now been in use for some time and has been found admirably adapted for grinding very small quantities of wheat. An in- vestigation into the quality of the different varieties of wheat as grown in the various climates and soils of the Dominion is now being carried on, the flour produced by the small mill being subjected to chemical and mechanical analysis and to baking tests. The results of this work will be given to the public as soon as possible, with a view to encouraging the growing (for flour making) of only those sorts of wheat which will give a product of high quality. The numerous cross-bred varieties of wheat produced at the experimental farms are also being tested in the same way so that only those of known excellence will be retained for propagation and distribution. Comparative Test Plots. — The comparative tests of standard and new sorts of cereals, field roots and fodder corn have been continued as usual, and valuable in- formation has been gained in regard to the relative productiveness, earliness and other characteristics of the different varieties under test. Emmer and Spelt. — During the past year there was prepared, by this division, Bulletin No. 45 of the experimental farm series, describing the different varieties of emmer and spelt and discussing their value and uses as farm crops. POULTRY DIVISION. ' In this department experimental work in connection with egg production in winter and the superior quality of poultry in early summer was continued. Careful note was taken of the rations best calculated to bring about the greatest egg pro- duction at the cheapest cost. Experience so far gained goes to show that variety in the composition of rations is attended with beneficial results. It has also been learn- ed that fresh air and exercise are factors in securing strong germs in the eggs laid 'by hens in early spring time, and which hens have also been winter layers. The ne- cessity of having breeding stock of undoubted constitutional vitality has been shown •with no uncertain sound. During the year the following new varieties were added to those already in stock, viz.: Silver Laced Wyandottes, Light Brahmas, and Silver Spangled and Black Hamburgs. With the addition of these fowls, there are now fif- teen of the best known varieties of the Standard breeds in the department. xMi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 During last spring and early summer a large number of chickens were hatched by incubators and reared in brooders. In several instances most satisfactory results -were obtained by means of artificial incubation. Several broods of chickens were also hatehed by hens. In combination with the experience of previous years, that of the past season strengthens the opinion that where a number of chickens are required — early in the season — at one hatching, so as to be of uniform age, artificial means are preferable mediums of hatching and rearing the chickens. During the season a temporary incubator room was erected and in it were placed five hot-air and one hot-water incubators, thus affording opportunity to compare the two systems. Several colony houses were also erected, as also a model poultry house with scratching shed attachment. This house is so arranged that the cleaning of the 'platform, collecting of the eggs and feeding of cut bone and mash may be done from the passage way and disturbance of the laying stock, during the winter season, so avoided. Other useful and interesting experimental work was carried on, particulars of which will be found in the annual report of this branch. BKANCH FARMS. EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR THE MARITIME PROVINCES. At the experimental farm for the maritime provinces, located at Nappan, N.S., much useful experimental work has been continued. In the dairy branch comparative tests have been carried on to ascertain the relative merits of the individual cows com- posing the herd, to find out which gives the largest quantity of milk and butter fat for the feed consumed. Some further tests have also been made in the feeding of steers with the view of determining as far as possible how good beef can be produced ati the least cost, also the most profitable age at which to finish off the animals for market. Experiments have also been conducted in the feeding of swine to ascertain the effect oi: different foods in the rapidity of growth of the animals under test. Comparative trials have been continued with many varieties of oats, barley, spring » wheat and pease to learn which are the more productive and profitable. Tests have been made with different sorts of buck;vheat, also with crops of mixed grain. Different sorts of Indian corn have been tried to find what varieties give the largest weight of ensilage of the best quality. This crop has been grown in hills and rows at the usual distance, also in rows at different distances apart to find which method gives the larger crop. Some experiments have also been conducted on this crop with fertilizers. Tests have also been made with different sorts of turnips, mangels, carrots and pota- toes, and much useful information gained. Experiments have also been carried on with clover, flax, horse-beans and soja- beans. In the horticultural division, good progress is being made. The apple orchards are doing well, and the trees are bearing good crops of fruit of excellent quality. Other REPORT OF THE MINISTER xllii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 varieties of large fruits have given light yields. Small fruits on account of the drought gave an unsatisfactory return. Many sorts of garden vegetables were tried and useful information gained as to those which were the earliest, best and most productive, the particulars of which will be found in the annual report of the experimental farms. EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR MANITOBA. Since wheat is the most important crop grown in Manitoba, much attention has been paid at the Brandon farm to this cereal. Experiments have been carried on with a great many different sorts of wheat with the hope of finding varieties earlier in ripening and equal in quality and productiveness to the best of the standard sorts now grown. Trials have been made with selected and unselected seed, with different methods of preparing the soil, in testing the effect of sowing with different sorts of drills; in the use of barn-yard manure and artificial fertilizers, also with remedies to j.-revent smut in wheat. Many tests have also been conducted with spelt and emmer, oats, barley, pease, Indian corn, turnips, mangels, carrots, sugar beets and potatoes, with useful results. Trials have also been made with different kinds of grasses, clovers, millets, horse- beans and sunflowers and much information gained. Some steers were fed to determine the relative value as coarse fodder of brome hay and fodder corn cured outside in stock. Some feeding experiments with swine have also been conducted to gain information as to the usefulness of common emmer when compared with a mixture of wheat, barley and oats for fattening purposes. Experiments have also been conducted with poultry and bees. Many further tests have been made with cross-bred and seedling apples and some useful new sorts have been fruited which promise well. Quite a large crop of the different varieties of Pyrus haccata and Pyrus prunifoUa was grown with some also of the cross-bred sorts. Several good seedlings of Martha crab which appear to be quite hardy have been originated at this farm; some nice fruit was also borne on some of the Pyrus haccata trees which had been top-grafted with the Transcendant crab. A number of plum trees have fruited during the past season, which were grown from selected fruit of wild plum trees found in Southern Manitoba. Most of these produced fruit which ripened early enough to escape injury from frost, and in quality they were very acceptable. Small fruits gave a fair crop and ripened well. EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES. This experimental farm usually surpasses all the others in its large crops of wheat,^ and the past year has been no exception in this respect, some of the varieties in field culture having exceeded 40 bushels per acre. The grain is also of good quality. Similar tests to those conducted at Brandon with wheat have been carried on here also, especially with regard to the earliei ripening habit of some of the varieties under trial. Some of the cross-bred sorts have ripened from five or six to ten or twelve days xliv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 earlier than Red Fife. If this characteristic proves to be fixed, such gains in earliness will provide for a considerable extension northward of the wheat-growing area in Canada. Much attention is paid here to the summer-fallowing of land. Care is also taken to treat the seed before sowing with a solution of copper sulphate, so that the quality of the crop may not be injured by smut. The uniform trial plots of oats, barley, pease, Indian corn, turnips, mangels, carrots, sugar-beets afid potatoes have again been grown, vsdth, in most instances, excellent and heavy returns. Experiments have also been continued in the rotation of crops, and tests have been made with plots of fall and spring rye, flax, canary grass, tares, millets, horse beans and soja beans. The growing of Brome grass has gone beyond the experimental stage at Indian Head, where it has been under test for the past fifteen years, and where large fields are now annually grown for hay and seed. Western rye grass has also succeeded well, and last year both alfalfa and timothy gave fair returns. The displays of annual and perennial flowers have been unusually brilliant during the past season and have attracted much attention from visitors". The shelter belts and avenues of trees, the hedges and the plantations of ornaroental trees and shrubs have grown well. The orchards of Siberian crabs and cross-bred apples were considerably injured last winter by unusually severe depredations by rabbits, which devoured the bark of many of the trees to near the ground. This will delay the fruiting of some of these specimens for two or three years. Notwithstanding this inquiry, considerable quanti- ties of these fruits were produced. These orchards are becoming more interesting each year. Most of the small fruits have borne well, and the crops have matured. A large number of different sorts of vegetables have been tested to gain informa- tion as to their suitability to the climate, and much information has been gained, which will be disseminated among farmers in the annual report of the farms. A feeding test of .steers was made to determine the effect of turning one-half of the number out each day for two hours, and comparing these with the other half kept closely confined in the stable. The steers were all fed alike. The result was slightly in favour of the animals kept in the stable. THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA. The experimental farm for this province, located at Agassiz, 70 miles east of V^ancouver, continues to render good service to the country by testing from year to year the relative productiveness, quality and time of ripening of the many products which can be grown with more or less success in this favourable climate. Experi- ments have been continued with many important farm crops, including oats, spring ivheat, barley and pease, most of which have given good results. As at the other REPORT OF THE MINISTER xlv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 farms, the element of individual productiveness in varieties asserts itself as clearly here as elsewhere, and the demonstrations made as to which of these several useful cereals give the best and most prodvictive crops are of great value to the farmer, serving as a guide to him in his work, furnishing information which it would be im- practicable for him to obtain for himself. Many varieties of Indian corn have been tested to find out those most suitable for ensilage purposes. These have been grown both in rows and hills, and also at different distances between the rows. Many sorts of turnips, mangels, carrots, sugar beets and potatoes have also been tried. A number of fodder plants have been under test, including grasses, clovers, millets, cow peas, velvet flax, sunflowers and horse beans; experiments have also been conducted with flax and sunflowers. Most of the leading varieties of vegetables have been under trial, and particulars as to their rela- tive time of ripening, productiveness and quality are given in the annual report of the experimental farms. In the large collection of fruit trees which has been brought together from differ- ent parts of the world in the or-chards at Agassiz, many new sorts are now fruiting every year. Careful descriptions of. these are made by the superintendent as they come into bearing, and are published annually in his report. The last report contains descriptions of 49 apples, 21 pears, 10 plums and 3 cherries, all new to this climate. The information thus supplied to the fruit-growers of this province is of great value and a practical guide to them in their work. A large number of small fruits have also been tested and similar useful information supplied. The live stock on this farm consists of Durham or Shorthorn cattle, Dorset horned sheep, Berkshire and Yorkshire swine, and several breeds of poultry. Additional ani- mals have been supplied in each of these classes during the past year, so as to keep the quality of the stock up to the desired degree of excellence. The surplus young animals are sold to the farmers in different districts of the province for the improvement of stock. GENEKAL CROPS. During the season of 1904 the crops in most parts of the Dominion have been encouraging. In the middle and western provinces notwithstanding that the season has been drier than usual, farmers have had favourable returns, but in the maritime provinces, owing to the severe drought which prevailed during the greater part of the growing season, most of the crops have been below the average. ONTARIO. In this province most of the crops have been good. Hay which is relatively a very important crop has given good average results and in some localities the crop 'has been unusually heavy. Fall wheat has given in some districts a good average crop of plump and satis- factory grain, while in other localities the crop has been verj' light and where rust has xlvl DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 prevailed, the grain has been more or less shrunken. The spring wheat has also been of good quality and the yield nearly an average one. Oats which now occupy in Ontario an area larger than that of all the other cereals combined have given an excellent crop, barley has also produced very satisfactory returns. The pea crop has been somewhat reduced in acreage owing to the ravages of the pea weevil, the yield however has been satisfactory, and the injury from weevil was comparatively slight. Indian corn was late sown owing to cool wet weather, the seed also was generally of poor quality and did not germinate well, hence in many cases there was a poor stand. The season was not hot enough to produce the best results with this crop, nevertheless in many districts a satisfactory harvest was obtained. Potatoes generally have yielded well but have been considerably affected by rot. Wherever the vines have been sprayed at the proper time with Bordeaux mixture, rot has been prevented. Field roots notwithstanding that they were sown later than usual have given fair average crops. Pastures have been generally good, the dairy industry has been well sustained and the exports of cheese and butter have been very large. The swine industry is also advancing and increased quantities have been available for the home and export mar- kets. Small fruits have given satisfactory results. Plums which gave so heavy a crop last year have yielded lightly this season. Pears are increasing in value and im- portance and are giving good returns. The crop of peaches has been below the aver- age, and owing to the cool season, the later varieties of grapes did not ripen well. Apples in most districts have yielded well, but in a few localities the crop has been light. Owing to an unusually large apple crop in Great Britain, prices for early ripening- varieties have ruled unusually low, and the returns from some ship- ments have been disappointing. The quality of the fruit this year is good and there is every prospect that the later maturing sorts which form the larger part of the fruit exports from Canada will command good prices. QUEBEC. In this province hay which is perhaps the most important of all crops, has given in most localities highly satisfactory returns well above the average. Spring wheat and barley have in general given a full average crop, while oats which in Quebec stand second only to hay in importance have given in most localities more than an average yield. Indian corn owing to late sowing and deficient vitality in the seed has given less than an average return, while vetches, clovers and other fodder crops have done well. The potato crop has been good, but the injury from rot is considerable. Spray- ing at the proper time with Bordeaux mixture invariably arrests this disea.'^e. Field roots have given good returns and their growth might be extended with advantage in REPORT OF TEE MINISTER xlvli SESSIONAL. PAPER No. 15 this province. Buckwheat has given about an average yield, and the crop of tobacco has been fairly satisfactory. The pastures have furnished abundant food for dairy animals and other stock. The quantity of cheese and butter produced has increased but prices have ruled some- what lower than last year. The stock industry is progressing well, and while the animals are increasing in number they are also improving in quality much more at- tention is also paid to the breeding of horses. An increasing interest is manifested in fruit growing and many new orchards have been planted. Those of sufficient age have borne well and the quality of the fruit has been quite satisfactory. In those districts where plums are grown, the crops have been good. Small fruits also gave generous returns. THE MARITIME PROVINCES. In these provinces the conditions for crop growing have not been so favourable as in the other parts of the Dominion. The early part of the season was cold and wet and seeding was much delayed. Shortly after the crops were up a drought occurred when scarcely any rain fell for nearly two months. Subsequent growth was rapid, but the remainder of the season was not long enough or warm enough to make up for the early loss in growth. The yield of hay which is a most important crop in these provinces was con- siderably less than the average, variously estimated at from 15 to 25 per cent. Pastures also have been unusually poor. The crops of oats, spring wheat and barley were all below the average. The quality of the grain, however, has been good. Indian corn was not a heavy crop The seed did not germinate well, which made the fields uneven and in many instances it was not well matured when frost came. Buckwheat has given fair returns. The apple crop has been large, and the quality of the fruit good. The apple industry is attaining large proportions especially in Nova Scotia. A large number of jjoung orchards are being planted in each of these provinces. The dry summer has been unfavourable for the crop of small fruits which has fallen below the average. MANITOBA. In this province the growing of cereals, especially wheat is paramount, and claims the larger share of the farmer's attention. The returns from the harvest this year are said to be below the average, due partly to dry weather in the summer and partly to rust, which in some limited areas did a considerable amount of injury. Favourable weather prevailed during the greater part of the harvesting period, and also during the time of threshing and the grain was well saved. Owing to the dry weather the growth of straw was shorter than usual which somewhat reduced the cost of harvesting. Not much of the wheat will grade No. 1, although the quality is good, but the higher price paid this season will more than make up for the somewhat reduced yield ami the xlvUi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 1905 slightly lower grade. The area under cereals in Manitoba is said to have been con- siderably increased. Oats and barley have given fairly heavy returns, Indian corn grown for ensilage has also done well. Potatoes have given unusually large returns and the crops of field roots have been very satisfactory. The dairy and stock interests are making good progress in Manitoba, although the pastures have been scarcely up to the average. The hay crop has been somewhat lighter than usual. NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES. The wheat crop in the Territories, although less in area than in Manitoba, has averaged a larger return. The dry weather injured the crop somewhat which resulted in a shorter growth of straw, but there was little or no rust and much of the grain produced was plump and good. The first autumn frost did not occur at Indian Head until the 11th of September, hence there has not been much injury from this cause. The high prices paid this year will give the farmers in the Territories large returns. Oats, barley and pease have all done well and given crops above the average. Potatoes have given heavy crops and the field roots have given fair returns. The crop of hay was about medium and pastures suffered during the dry period in summer, but later in the season the growth of grass was good. Stockmen in the Territories are said to have had a prosperous season. BRITISH COLUMBIA. The season as a rule throughout this province was unusually dry. This did not materially injure the farms in the coast climate where the usual rainfall is very heavy, but it reduced the crops in the interior where the rainfall is scanty and irrigation is not practised. On irrigated lands the crops were good. Hay, in most parts of the coast climate, was an exceptionally heavy crop. Clovers succeeded remarkably well and gave^in most instances two good crops and in some eases three. Oats, spring wheat, barley and pease have all given satisfactory returns except in some of the drier districts referred to and the grain is plump and good. Potatoes have given -somewhat less than an average yield, but field roots in most instances have given good returns. Indian corn has also grown well, but was uneven owing to faulty germination of the seed. Hops have given a large crop and the quality is very good. Most of the growers in British Columbia find a good market for their product in Great Britain. Apples have given an average yield, and in some orchards in the interior the crop has been heavy. The fruit was of excellent quality and commanded good prices. Pears REPORT OF THE MIMSTER xHx SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 also have produced fair crops and given good returns. A large crop of plums was harvested, and were less injured by rot than usual; a large proportion of these found a ready market in the mining districts in British Columbia and in the North-west. Cherries also in some districts were a satisfactory crop. Small fruits yielded abundantly, blackberries being especially productive. HEALTH OF ANIMALS BKANCH. Considerable progress has been made in the reorganization of the health of animals branch of my department. New quarantine regulations, providing for the more effective inspection and quarantine of imported animals, have been issued. Provision has also been made for the erection of new animals quarantine stations at Halifax and St. John, at the former place by purchase of a suitable parcel of ground, and at the latter by securing a lease of an equally suitable property from the Depart- ment of Railways and Canals. At both of these ports it will now be possible to directly transfer imported animals by rail from the ship to the quarantine station. A number of new quarantine stations have also been established along the bound- ary between Canada and the United States, as I have found it advisable to adopt quarantine measures in the case of certain classes of animals imported from that country. Owing to the prevalence of glanders, especially in the North-west Territories and in some parts of Ontario and Quebec, and the appearance of another serious disease of horses in Alberta, I found it necessary to introduce an amendment to the ' Animal Contagious Diseases Act,' authorizing payment, in certain cases, of compensation for horses destroyed. I anticipate great benefit from this change of policy, as it will enable the officers of this branch of my department to deal with outbreaks of disease in a much more thorough and effective manner than has hitherto been possible. Mange having continued to affect to a serious extent the cattle of Southern Alberta and a considerable portion of Assiniboia, a comprehensive policy providing for their general and simultaneous treatment was adopted in the early part of last sumtner. This policy, which has involved a considerable extra expenditure owing to the necessity for thorough organization extending over a large area, has been carried out with a gratifying measure of success, nearly 500,000 head having been subjected to treatment during the months of September and October. As above mentioned, a new disease known as dourine, or ' Maladie du Coit ' has made its appearance among the horses in Southern Alberta. This disease was origin- ally imported from Europe to the United States in 1882, and having since existed in various parts of that country, has doubtless been introduced among the large importa- tions which have accompanied tlie recent infliix of settlers. Active steps have been 1 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 taken to prevent its spread, and at the present time a nximber of horses are isolated in a temporary quarantine at Lethbridge, Alberta, where they are being kept under close observation with a view to the destruction of all individuals developing unmistalvable symptoms. As the disease is not thoroughly understood, especially in America, where climatic and hygienic conditions are not favourable to its active development, it has been thought better to follow this course than one of indiscriminate slaughter. The results so far of the investigation into the nature and cause of ' Pictou Cattle Disease,' which is being conducted at the recently established, experiment sta- tion near Antigonish, N.S., encourage me to hoi)e that this malady may soon be shown to be due to local causes instead of being, as has long been feared, of a contagious nature. The investigation being conducted at Winnipeg into the nature and causes of the disease of horses known as Swamp Fever ' is still being carried on, but owing to lack of material the progress made cannot be considered satisfactory. The disease, however, is not nearly so prevalent as in former years, a result probably due to the settlement and. drainage of large areas of swamp land. The biological lal oratory recently established at the experimental farm, is de- monstrating its usefulness in several directions. Many pathological specimens for- warded by our inspectors and others, have been examined and doubts as to the nature of outbreaks of disease in various parts of the country have thus been set at rest. Among other matters, the pathologist has examined a number of cases of himp jaw, with the result that he has been able to show that many animals supposed to be suffering from actinomycosis are in reality affected with actinobacillosis, a disease similar to the former malady in its external manifestations, but differing widely in pathological character. The mallein used by the department in diagnosing and dealing with glanders, is now produced at this institution instead of being purchased from manufacturers as formerly. It is hoped that in the near future, a number of similar preparations will a] so be produced. The results of the active policy now followed in dealing with hog cholera have been most gratifying, the number of outbreaks reported during the present year being considerably less than one half of those for the corresponding period immediately preceding. With the exception of a few minor outbreaks in British Columbia, the disease has been practically confined to the quarantined area in south-western Ontario, where the efforts of our inspectors have been instrumental in lessening to a marked degree the prevalence of the disease. The system now in force of following up and thoroughly cleansing and disinfect- ing all stock cars conveying hogs from the quarantined area is, I am satisfied, re- sponsible in a marked degree for the noteworthy diminution of outbreaks in other districts. The application of similar rules to all cars conveying animals from the mange- infected area in the North-west Territories and the providing of separate yards for REPORT OF TEE MINISTER U SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 their accommodation will, I am convinced, be found equally effective in preventing the spread of that troublesome disease. It has long been contended by western stock men that mange was being constantly introduced among their herds by the importa- tion of stockers from Manitoba and Ontario, in spite of the fact that this disease does not exist in these provinces, the fact being that the young animals contracted mange through being conveyed in cars and held in yards previously occupied by animals shipped from the infected area. The new regulations now in force are calculated to put an end to this unsatis- factory condition of affairs. There has been, during this year, a gratifying diminution in the number of out- breaks of anthrax and black quarter. The dissemination of useful information re- ii'arding these diseases, particularly as to the thorough destruction of carcasses has been of great benefit. Tuberculosis also appears to be much less prevalent than in former years. The returns with reference to sheep scab are most encouraging, very few out- breaks having been reported, although the machinery for their detection is more effec- tive than was formerly the case. The policy which was adopted last year of carefully watching the large live stock markets has been fully jiistified by results, a number of outbreaks ol disease having been detected and dealt with through information obtain- ed in this way by our inspectors. The export to Europe of cattle and sheep has been carefully guarded, a distinct improvement having been made in this direction by the adoption of a policy of care- fully examining all stock shipped from Canada via United States seaports. AKCHIVES BRANCH. For some years past, the government has had under consideration a scheme for centralizing the records of the Crown. In 1903, an Order in Council was passed, by which it was provided that all papers deposited in the various departments, affecting the earlier history of the country, should be transferred to a central office and placed in the custody of an individual, to be named the Dominion Archivist and Keeper of the Records. The papers to be thus transferred include: 1. Everything in the archives branch of the Department of Agriculture. 2. Everything in the records branch of the Department of the Secretary of State. other than departmental files and letter-books of later date than June 30, 1867, lodged there for convenience. 3. Everything in the Privy Council Office of date anterior to July 1, 1867. 4. Correspondence of the Provincial Secretary of Canada in the Department of Finance and elsewhere. 5. Papers in the Militia Department, or elsewhere, having reference to the War of 1812 and the Rebellion of 1837. lii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 6. Documents bearing upon the early history of the Eideau and Welland canak, whether in the Department of Railways and Canals, or in the Department of the Interior or elsewhere. 7. Documents in the Department of Justice, or elsewhere, relating to the risings in the North-west, and also those touching the Fenian Raids. 8. Bound manuscript volumes containing reports of Indian commissioners at Albany and elsewhere, dating from 1722, now in the Department of Indian Affairs; also the original surrenders from the Indian tribes. 9. Papers in the Department of Marine and Fisheries, relating to the Behring sea seal fisheries and other international questions, as the subjects to which they relate are disposed of. The archivist will, therefore, become the custodian of records which have hitherto been under the control of the various departments. An estimate of the space required for the reception of these records was obtained, and it was found that a building affording a floor space of 20,000 square feet would be necessary. The government thereupon decided to erect a suitable fire-proof build- ing for the preservation of the archives, and the work has been commenced. In the meantime, it has been found necessary to remove about 400,000 records from the Department of the Secretary of State, and several cases from other offices, to a temporary building. The total number of records to be deposited in the central office will be very large. Many of them are of special value and absolutely necessary for the correct interpretation of our history. The work of arranging and classifying these records will entail considerable labour, and it will be desirable to make provi- sion for means to carry on the work with reasonable promptitude. The Archives Branch has been placed under the charge of A. G. Doughty, Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, Doctor of Letters of the University of Laval, and formerly joint librarian of the legislature of the province of Quebec. For many years Dr. Doughty has been actively engaged in research, and has kept in touch with the custodians of records in England and in foreign countries. Since his appointment the archivist has made good progress with the work of re- organization. A general index to the contents of all the volumes at present is in the cou,rse of preparation, and will be completed within a few months. Further details of the work undertaken, and of the condition of the records, are to be 'found in the Archivist's Report for the present year. I am pleased to announce that so far his efforts have been successful, and that he has secured for our archives about 400 volumes of original papers, consisting of despatches from the Secretary of State in England, to the Governors in Canada, between 1790 to 1840 ; correspondence be- tween the Governors and the lieutenant governors of the provinces, and many cases of ssmi-private documents bearing upon Canadian history. During the past year the department has received the following volumes : REPORT OF THE MINISTER liii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 FROM LONDON. Nova Scotia — Despatches to Governors and Acting Governors, 1T50-17G3. Expedition to Louisburg, l'r45-1750. Lrist of Emigrants, 1748-1749. Cape Breton — Despatches to Governors, 1784-1790. Minutes of Executive Council, 1785-1798. Prince Edward Island — Journals of the House of Assembly, 1776-1801. Journals of the Legislative Council, 1773-1801. Minutes of the Executive Council, 1784-1798. From Paris — Canada Correspondance Generale, 2eme Series. Domaine d'Occident, 1739-1748. Memoire du Roy et Lettres Ecrites, 1709. Inventaire des Ecrits, 1718. Arrets et Decisions, 1677-1731. Etat Civil, He St. Jean, 1721-1751. Kecensement de I'Acadie, 1671-1752. III.— PATENTS OF INVENTION. The following comparative tables show the transactions of the Patent Branch of the Department of Agriculture, from November 1, 1894, to October 31, 1904 : — 1894 1895 189(5 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 15— E Applications for Patents. Patents and Certificates (;i!a.\tei) 3,291 3,387 3,728 4,300 4,200 4,305 4,()28 4,gl7 5,301 .0,912 6,0fil Patents. Certificates. 2,756 3,074 3,488 4,013 3,611 3,151 4,522 4,766 4,391 5,673 6,09] Total. 462 3,218 422 .3,496 413 3.901 284 4.207 262 3,873 412 3,563 482 5,004 551 5,.317 510 4,901 432 6,105 517 6,(;07 ats. Assiu-niiient uf Patents. 301 1,445 343 1,550 306 1,420 377 1,5.51 363 1,1 i57 311 1,467 283 1.914 302 2,323 317 2,339 328 2,384 303 2.472 Uv DErAR'niEXT or agriculture 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Detailed St.\tement^ Patent Office Fees. Years. ' Patents. 1 S cts. 1894 ! 73,061 77 1895 i 78,223 52 1 1896 1 85,060 61 1897 ' 93,298 16 1898 91,176 44 1899 j 98,669 92 1900 104,848 96 1901 ' 109,985 59 Assign- ments. Caveats. Subscrip- r^ ■ tion to Copies. .p^^g^^ Record.' 1902. 1903. 1904. 119,766 43 130,561 00 134,676 47 $ cts. 3,142 74 3,194 00 3,130 56 3,250 23 3,641 90 3,781 71 4,255 40 4,506 07 5,079 20 5,309 00 5,831 10 S cts. 1,793 40 1,854 35 1,790 65 2,108 57 1,935 74 1,533 25 1,405 00 1,479 25 1,565 35 1,803 00 1,660 44 $ cts. 764 07 761 54 898 27 969 33 706 50 1,028 80 932 54 882 87 1,112 59 1,067 32 1,201 08 S cts. 347 21 245 98 420 60 252 53 266 44 198 05 552 71 592 47 327 95 373 75 391 75 Notices to Apply for Patent. Sundries. $ cts . 1,449 80 1,951 30 2,245 79 2,110 S'.) 1,463 10 1,912 00 1,742 70 2,484 90 1,883 00 1,994 25 1,827 25 S cts. 123 57 129 79 57 04 128 21 172 73 137 83 115 15 133 22 162 30 254 99 308 01 Total. S cts. 80,682 56 86,358 48 93,532 52 102,117 92 99,361 95 107,261 56 113,852 46 120,064 37 129,896 82 141,363 81 145,896 10 The Patent Office fees received during the year ended October 31, show a surplus of $83,266.9i, over the working expenses of the office as per subjoined table. Receipts. $ cts. ' E.xpenditure. $ cts. Cash received ., 145,896 10 ; 2,933 42 ' 142,962 68 42,315 50 ' Patent Record " 17,380 24 Receipts ovsr expenditure 59,695 74 83,266 94 142,962 68 REPORT OF THE MINISTER Iv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The following is a table of the countries of residence of the patentees for the years named : — The Canadian patentees were distributed among the provinces of the Dominion as follows : — Provinces. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. Ontario 404 451 430 464 383 310 396 407 373 438 477 Quebec 162 177 201 178 171 160 164 185 148 194 171 New Brunswick. ...... . . 13 13 12 20 26 7 14 26 14 18 33 Nova Scotia 15 19 32 22 27 18 21 17 26 22 35 Prince Edward Island 2 6 2 2 4 8 1 0 1 2 1 Manitoba and the North-west Territories 38 27 18 23 28 35 36 34 45 54 50 48 42 69 52 57 40 52 64 56 61 British Columbia 59 Total 661 707 740 756 710 601 707 744 654 794 837 15— Ei Ivi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 19G5 Patents issued to residents of Canada, with the ratio of population to each patent granted : — Provinces. Brisish Columbia Ontario Manitoba and North-west Territories . Quebec New Brunswick , . Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island ... Total Patents. jOne to every 59 3,028 477 4,568 61 7,654 171 9,631 33 10,034 35 13,131 1 103,259 837 Statement of the number of patents issued under the Act of the session of 1892, 55-56 Vic, chap. 24, on which the fees are paid for periods of six, twelve or eighteen years, at the option of the patentee ; and of patents on which certificates of payments of fees were attached after the issue of patents originally granted for periods of six and twelve years. Periods for which the Fees were paid on first issue. Patents on which Certificates were attached after Years. 3 issue. 6 years. 12 years 18 years 6 years. 12 years 1894 (12 months ended October 31) 2,701 9* 46 4 1895 „ „ 3,049 5 20 1896 .1 1. 3,443 11 34 2 1897 „ „ 3,981 8 24 15 3 1898 .1 .. 3,586 3 22 176 9 1899 - M 3,125 3 23 291 13 1900 M „ 4,489 4 29 366 21 1901 t, -, 4,719 4,362 5,630 6,059 8 2 2 9 39 27 41 23 408 412 405 493 31 1902 M .. 39 1903 M .. 27 1904- n „ 24 The preceding tables show that there has been a large increase in the transactions of the Patent Office during the past year. The total revenue for the year ended October 31, 1904, was $145,890.10, exceeding all previous years; resulting in an in- REPORT OF THE MINISTER Ivll SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 crease of $4,532.29 over the preceding year, and a surplus of $83,266.94 over the ex- penditure. The total number of reports issued by the examiners during the year was 8,347. Out of the total number of patents granted during the year, there were 4,417 issued to inventors resident in the United States, being over 74 per centum of the T.'hole issue. Patentees who are resident in foreign countries, continue to avail themselves of the privilege granted under section 8 of ' The Patent Act,' by giving notice of inten- tion to apply for patents in Canada. The number of these notices registered during the year was 919, yielding a revenue of $1,827.25. The ' Canadian Patent Office Kecord ' continues to be published monthly. It <;ontains a transcript, with drawings, of all claims of patents granted, dates of filing, dates of issue, and length of term for which fees have been paid; also names and resi- dences of patentees, as well as containing a list of registered copyrights, trade marks and designs. This publication is of great and increasing value to all who are inter- ested in patents, trade marks, copyrights and designs. It affords convenient and easy reference to the claims of all patents granted in Canada, and thus enables both in- ventors and the public to see exactly what is patented. This publication is supplied to foreign patent offices, and is also sent without charge to the free libraries in Canada, and in foreign countries, with the object of diffusing in the public interest the information therein contained. The publication is also furnished to the public at $2 per annum, or 20 cents for single monthly num- bers. This branch of my department is indebted to the British and United States Patent Offices, for their weekly official reports. I have again to direct the attention of patentees and their solicitors, to the neces- sity of remitting partial fees before the expiry of the six and twelve years' terms, otherwise the patents will cease and determine, the Commissioner not being vested with the discretionary power, under any circumstances, to revive them. A revival can only be secured by a private Act of Parliament, the obtaining of which entails con- siderable expense to the patentee. It may further be added that the Committee on Private Bills usually discourages applications of this kind, on the ground that no one should be denied the right of manufactui-ing, using or vending an invention which has become the property of the public. Exceptional cases may arise, however, in which the patentee or the holder of the patent may be justly entitled to relief from parliament. It is in the interest of both the applicants and the office that great care should be taken by applicants and their attorneys in the preparation of the papers and draw- irgs which are required by the rules and forms. Since the Act of 1903, amending the Patent Act, came into force a very large number of applications have been received from patentees to have their patents made Iviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 i-ubject to these conditions. In dealing with these applications the requirement of the law in regard to manufacture has been kept in mind. The applications which have been granted are those relating to patents for inventions such as the following : An art or process; improvements on a patented invention when both patents are not held by the same person; appliances or apparatus used in connection with railways, tele- graph, telephone and lighting systems, and other works usually under the control of public or large private corporations, and which appliances or apparatus cannot be installed or constructed without the consent of such corporations; and certain inven- tions which are manufactured or constructed only to order, and are not, according to custom, carried in stock. In dealing with applications for extensions of time to manufacture and import, the law is applied according to its strict and literal meaning, and the applications are granted only when the applicant has clearly established to the satisfaction of the office, by affidavit or solemn declaration, that the failure to manufacture or import is due to no fault of his, but to reasons beyond his control. Although these applications con- tinue to be quite numerous, it is seldom that such a case is made out as warrants the granting of the application. The regular work of this branch of my department during the year has been at- tended to with as much despatch as possible, and I am pleased to say that the number of applications unavoidably in arrears in the examiners' divisions has been greatly reduced. IV.— COPYRIGHTS, TRADE MARKS, INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS AND TIMBER MARKS. Statement of fees received by the Copyright and Trade Marks Branch from Novem- ber 1, 1903, to October 31, 1904. Months. 190X November. . . . Deceinber . . [904. January Feliruary . . March April May June July August September. . . October Trade Marks. .$ cts. 1,213 75 1,400 00 1,341 15 1,9(J0 35 2,095 25 1,375 0) 1,82G 00 1,290 GO 1,639 90 1,4.35 35 1,377 15 1,295 10 Copyrights. $ cts. 93 00 192 00 72 35 73 00 94 50 96 00 120 50 119 00 114 00 113 50 89 50 124 00 18,249 60 1,301 35 Designs. $ cts. 35 00 55 00 21 00 35 00 65 00 95 00 124 00 95 no 15 00 43 00 38 00 65 00 686 GO Timber Marks. cts. 6 00 8 00 6 00 6 00 2 00 4 00 ,4 00 4 00 8 00 48 00 Assign- ments. .S cts. 18 00 14 00 16 50 5 00 8 75 34 00 19 00 13 00 8 00 23 GO 20 00 25 00 204 25 Copies . ; cts. G 00 21 50 9 00 12 00 4 20 24 75 23 00 3 50 20 65 16 50 8 50 8 50 Total . .$ cts. 1,371 75 1,690 50 1,466 00 2,091 35 2,267 70 1,626 75 2,116 .50 1,521 10 1,801 55 1,635 35 1,541 15 1,517 60 158 10 20,647 30 REPORT OF THE MISL^TER llx SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Tie following- table shows a comparative statement of the business of this branch from 1894 to October 31, 1904, inclusive : — Year. 1894.. 1895.. 1896.. 1897.. 1898.. 1899.. 1900.. 1901.. 1902.. 1903.. 1904 . . 1,882 2,184 2,185 2,606 2,576 2,487 2,679 2,605 2,687 2,687 2,858 2,720 3,279 3,437 3,548 3,453 2,910 3,213 3,211 3,257 3,211 2,793 be 2 'P'So o 546 601 653 756 734 702 893 888 900 900 1,106 « O X 2'C £P:5 216 163 212 273 275 237 247 249 196 176 228 311 374 331 446 423 430 447 521 528 557 621 i eS to Q 311 374 331 446 423 430 447 521 528 557 621 c5 2 J/ ■« s.S* ^ bc.2 . u ri 0, I -. >:j 0) :^;^ 3^~ 0. 39 39 52 52 68 68 75 75 136 136 112 112 126 126 146 146 164 161 88 88 107 107 20 20 14 13 15 5 22 24 26 23 25 :H t: 20 20 14 13 15 5 22 24 26 23 25 a * Sgp5 77 70 161 94 114 117 136 183 222 272 118 Fees Received. 9,463 63 11,673 26 10,579 54 14,101 93 13,535 17 14,161 28 14,782 53 16,823 26 17,703 09 18,086 25 20,647 30 The total number of registrations of copyrights, trade marks, industrial designs and timber marks, including registrations of assignments, was 2,021, during the year ended October 31, 1904. This consisted of 1.106 registrations of copyrights, 621 regis- trations of trade marks, 107 of industrial designs and 25 of timber marks. There were also issued 214 certificates of copyrights, 44 registrations of interim copyrights, and 12 certificates, 8 registrations of temporary copyrights, and 2 certificates. The total number of assignments of these different rights recorded was 118. The correspondence of this branch of the department amounted to 2,858 letters received; 2,793 letters sent. The amount of fees received during the year, as certified by the accountant, amounted to $20,647.30. v.— PUBLIC HEALTH AND aUARANTINE. The threatenings of bubonic plague, cholera and smallpox, mentioned in my last annual report, have continued in this quarantine year. The continuation of strict precautionary measures, ordinary and special, for the sanitary protection of the country has, therefore, been necessary. The continued public demand for governmental recognition of the importance of hygiene and preventive medicine, referred to in my last annual report, is instanced by the fact that I am in receipt of a copy of a resolution, adopted by the Canadian Medical Association at its annual meeting, at Vancouver, B.C., in August last, again Ix DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 pressing upon the consideration of the government the expediency of creating a depart- ment of public health under one of the existing ministers. Circulars of warning and instruction have been issued from time to time, as the threatenings of disease on both our coasts and on our frontier seemed to require. The e:5temption from routine inspection, on the Atlantic side, of vessels arriving from New York and ports north thereof — provided for in section 9 of the regulations — and usual in healthy years — was resumed this year, owing to the practical cessation of the existence of smallpox as an epidemic in the New England and contiguous States. On the Pacific side, inspection of all vessels from San Francisco has been main- tained throughout the year, on account of the threatening of bubonic plague from that city. As, however, no case of the disease hasi been reported in that city since March 1 last, I have it under my consideration whether these inspections may not soon be again suspended. Extra coast and frontier inspections were instituted or continued by me for shorter or longer periods, as seemed to be required, at the following places : — In Nova Scotia, Louisburg, Yarmouth and Canso ; in New Brunswick, McAdam Junction, Edmimdston, Houlton (Debec Junction) and St. Stephen ; in Prince Edward Island, Georgetown; in Ontario, Sault Ste. Marie and Rainy River; in Manitoba, Sprague, Morden, Crystal City, Killarney and Deloraine; and in British Columbia, Rossland, Grand Porks and Greenwood; and vessels from the north were specially inspected at British Columbia ports during an outbreak of smallpox in Alaska. And those arriving at Charlottetown and Georgetown, P.E.I., were specially inspected during an outbreak of that disease in Cape Breton. In addition to the officers holding the abovermentioned posts. Dr. James Patterson, of Winnipeg, has continued to act for me in the management and suppression of smallpox in the North-west Territories. So well has this been done, that there is now no case of that disease in the Territories, nor has there been for the last ten weeks. Owing to the continued increase in the shipping coming to Louisburg, in Cape Breton, that port — heretofore an unorganized maritime quarantine station — was created a regular quarantine station by Order in Council dated January 8 last. A permanent medical officer has been appointed in charge. The bubonic plague claimed victims from time to time in San Francisco since my last report. There have been during that period twelve cases reported, with eleven deaths. The last case reported was on March 1 last. The summary since the disease was first reported is: calendar year 1900, 22 cases, 22 deaths; 1901, 30 cases, 25 deaths; 1902, 41 cases, 41 deaths; 1903, 17 cases, 17 deaths, and 1904, to date, 9 cases, 8 deaths. Total, 119 cases. 111 deaths. This disease has occurred during the year in South Africa, Australia, Brazil, Chili, China, Egypt, Formosa, Hawaii, India, Japan, Mauritius, Peru, Philippine Islands, Turkey, and in San Francisco. REPORT OF THE MIXISTER 1x1 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Cholera has prevailed during the year in Afghanistan, Borneo, China, Formosa, France, India, Japan, Persia, Philippine Islands, Eussia, Straits Settlements, and Turkey. Yellow Fever. — Later researches and- reports only serve to confirm all health authorities in doing battle with the mosquito, Stegomyia Fasciata. In Havana, Cuba, no ease of yellow fever has originated since September, 1901, since which time the city has been entirely exempt from the disease, that had there kept stronghold for at least a century and a half. Cases are now admitted into Havana from Mexican ports, but are treated under screens with perfect impunity, in the ordinary hospitals. The crusade against the insects has also caused a large decrease in malarial fevers. Smallpox has again prevailed world-wide during the year. It continued to threaten us on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and along our international frontier. The epi- demic of this disease which has been present for the last four years ia the United States seems now to be nearing its end. The diseases which have been brought to my maritime quarantine stations, during the year, are: smallpox, diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles, chickenpox, enteric fever, and beri-beri. In not a single instance during the year did any one of these diseases gain an entrance through any of my organized quarantine stations. My frontier inspections were also very efficient in protecting the public health of the country with the least possible interference with trade and travel. In order that vessels shall not be unduly detained and hampered by imperfect appliances at my maritime quarantines, I am endeavouring as far as possible to move pari passu with the advances being made by the modem passenger steamship business. The large open steerages are being replaced by small compartments, and coal oil light has been almost universally superseded by electricity. Similar changes are being pushed at my stations. Large detention sheds heretofore all in one room, at Grosse Isle, and at Halifax, have been subdivided into small compartments. At Grosse Isle and at William Head electric lighting has been installed and works well. At Partridge- island, St. Jolm, N.B., the acetylene gas is being installed. At this latter station also steps have been taken to ensure a good water supply from the city mains, and, in view of the ever increasing business of the port, to erect more detention houses for those who have to be kept under observation, and a proper winter hospital. A deep water wharf here as at Grosse Isle will be requisite before the station can be considered as thoroughly equipped. Provision has been made in tliis year's estimates for the com- mencement of the extension of the Grosse Isle wharf into deep water. A new large steam disinfector has been installed at William Head, B.C., and a small one arranged for at the Tracadie Leper Lazaretto. The new station at Louisburg will require at least the minimum equipment of wharf, disinfector and hospital on approximately the same scale as those at Sydney, C.B. LEPER LAZARETTO, TRACADIE, N.B. The State of Louisiana, U. S., has recently erected a lazaretto for lepers, and an expert of the United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service has pro- Jxii DEPARTMEyr OF AGKIVULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 nounced it ' the equal of any hospital for lepers in the world, and superior to all in equipment and the method of treatment, except that of Tracadie, province of New Brunswick, Canada.' Details of this year's work at my different stations, at the Tracadie Leper Lazaretto in the North-west Territories, and under the Public Works Health Act, will be found in the reports of my officers annexed hereto. VI.— STATISTICS. The Statistical Division of the Department of Agriculture is based upon the Union Act of 1867, which specifically assigns Census and Statistics to the exclusive authority of the Parliament of Canada. In accordance with this assignment of duties, the Dominion Parliament passed chap. 21 Acts of 42 Victoria. In the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1886, this Act forms chaps. 58 and 59. Chap. 60 is the authority for the collection of criminal statistics. Chap. 59, Revised Statutes of Canada provides (1st section) for the collecting, abstracting, tabulating and publishing of vital, agricultural, commercial, criminal and other statistics by the Department of Agriculture. The fourth section gives the Minister of Agriculture power to arrange with any Lieutenant Governor in Council, or with any provincial organization for th general benefit to the workingmen of this city. Thanking you again, I am. Yours very truly, (Signed) JAMES G. MERRICK, Secretary. HEALTH STATISTICS, No steps have been taken as yet to provide a better system of collecting vital statistics than that which was abolished in 1891. In the province of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, British Columbia, Manitoba and the North-west Territories, the provincial and territorial authorities have placed on the statute-books Acts dealing with the collection of vital statistics. Section 4 of chap. 59, Revised Statutes of Canada, already quoted, gives the necessary legislative authority to enable my department to join the provincial authorities in making arrangements for the better collection of different kinds of statistics, without limiting the power of my department to enter upon provincial fields not worked by provincial organizations. By a combination of forces the result would be more satisfactory than by any other system that could be originated by the federal authorities. Instead of clashing statistics there would be statistics having a joint approval. CRIMINAL STATISTICS. The detailed analysis of these statistics which has accompanied in former years the general report of the department will be found this year, as in the last two years, in the introduction of the special report on crime published as a separate blue-book. A few salient points may be given. ^ The number of charges, in 1903, for indictable offences was 9,622, and the num- ber of convictions was 6,521. The percentage of convictions to charges is : 1903, 67"77 per cent; 1902, 66*22 per cent, 1901, 68 per cent; 1900, 68"51 per cent and 1899, 69*22. The year 1903 shows an improvement upon 1902, but the proportion is still below what it ought to be, though it is satisfactory to note that apparently the refer- ences in last year's report to this defect have been productive of good. In England and Wales the percentage of convictions to charges is 81*3 per cent ; in Scotland 82*80 per cent, and in Ireland 65*3 per cent. Analysis by provinces shows that with the exception of the province of Quebec all the provinces are below the Scotch and English standards, Quebec having for a period of nine years an average of 84*82 per cent, a figure approached by no other province. In the year 1903, New Brunswick has the poorest record, 36 charges in every 100 failing to result in conviction ; Ontario has 35 failures in each 100. I suggest care- REPORT OF TRE MINISTER Ixv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 ful study, by the judiciary of the country, of the situation with a view to discover the reasons for such a gap between charges and convictions as the statistics show. This is the more necessary because in some of the provinces this gap between charges and convictions seems to be widening with the years. Thus in Nova Scotia 81 "85 per cent of the charges in 1895 resulted in convictions. The next year gave 81 -34 per cent ; the next gave 80 -20, with 1902 at 65 -83 and 1903 with 66 -07 per cent, a slight improvement in 1903 compared with the previous year but serious deteriora- tion compared with the percentage of 1895. Ontario has for many years had a low percentage of convictions, that of 1895 being 65 -10 ; of 1899, 64 -84 and of 1903, 64 -80, showing that low as was the propor- tion in 1895 the trend has been to still lower percentages. The aim of all the provinces should be to attain the high percentage reached in the province of Quebec. A careful study of the methods pursued in Quebec might result in great improvement in the other provinces. The number of convictions under the two heads of indictable offences and sum- mary convictions in 190'3 was 50,-" 83, an increase of 6,847 compared with 1902. This increase is divided into 861 indictable offences and 5,986 summary. Of the 50,383, there were 6,521 convictions under the head of indictable offences and 3,042 acquittals. There were 15 detentions for lunacy, an increase of 4 over the previous year and indicating a general increase in lunacy supported by the Census of 1901, which showed that the unsound of mind increased over 23 per cent in the ten years. The indictable convictions in 1903, compared with 1902, show a decrease in Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, and British Columbia.. and an increase in Quebec, Manitoba and the Territories and Yukon. With respect to sex in crime, the record of the indictable convictions of 1903 gives emphasis to the conclusions of last year, viz. : that girl criminality shows a rela- tive decrease ; that between the ages of 16 and 21 there has been for 1901-3 an in- crease in the number of women committing crime as compared with 1895-7 and 1898- 1900, that for women of mature years the records show a decrease, and that there is a steady increase in the number of women who do not know their ages. This latter fact indicates in a general way an increase in the ignorant criminals of the country. Under the heading of indictable offences, class III. includes offences against pro- perty without violence and in this class are included such crimes as embezzlement, fraud, &c. Tinder these sub-divisions 24 women were convicted in 1903 against 16 in 1902. The chief subdivision is larceny from the dwelling and from the persons and larceny of letters. As revealing the besetting sin of women criminals of Canada, the records show that of the convictions of women for all kinds of indictable offences "nearly two-thirds are for larceny. There are 404 convictions of women for indict- able offences in 1903, and 263 of these were for stealing. Ixvl DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The tables which have been prepared for the detailed report show that the east- ern or maritime provinces have fewer women convicted of the crime of stealing than their proportion of women warrants ; that in the province of Quebec the women con- victed of stealing are about equal to their proportion of the total population ; and that the province of Ontario stands alone in having a larger proportion of its women convicted stealers of property. Ontario has 41 "47 women in every 100 women of the Dominion ; it has 56 -74 per cent of the women convicted of stealing. In dealing with stealing by women the courts of Quebec province stand at the head of all the provinces. There were 718 charges of theft by women brought before the courts in 1903, with the result that 650 were convicted, over 90 per cent, Manitoa alone of the other provinces approached the Quebec standard, having 80 per cent of the lOV women charged, in the convicted column. The total convictions for larceny by both sexes in 1903 were 3,316 and in 1902, 3,101. Convictions of women for this crime were 12 -2 per cent of the whole in 1903 and 10'"98 per cent for 1902, thus proving that women formed a larger proportion of the stealers. RURAL AND URBAX CRIME. The returns for 1903 covering the indictable misdemeanours of both males and females show that over 70 per cent of the persons convicted of indictable offences are residents of cities and towns. The ' not given ' being, for 1903, 734 cases, renders it difficult to obtain satisfactory conclusions. The increase — 232 — ^suggests less care on the part of those whose duty it is to obtain these details. I cannot too strongly urge upon the officers of the courts that the value of these statistics is immeasurably enhanced by the careful filling in of the forms distributed by my department. The same laxity is evident in the returns of occupations. These were not filled in in 2,464 cases in 1903 compared with 1,731 cases in 1902. Possibly the fact that ' occupation ' was left blank in so many more cases is due to the existence of a ' hobo' cl;;ss without regular occupations, to an increasing degree. The co-operation of the officials of the courts is absolutely necessary in order to secure trustworthy materials upon which to base conclusions reasonably accurate. BIRTHPLACES OF CRIMINALS. The English and Irish born portion of our Canadian population show a tendency to a decreasing ; the Scotch to an increasing proportion of the criminals. Criminals born in Canada show a tendency to decrease relatively to the mass of criminals re- corded. The Canadian born formed 87 per cent of the total population in the Census of 1901. The criminal born in Canada formed 66 per cent of the criminal popula- tion in 1903, showing that the outside element, which is 13 per cent of tlie whole population, contributed 34 per cent of the criminals, considerably more than its proper share. REPORT OF THE MINISTER Ixvii ScSSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The foreign-born elements in Manitoba, the Xorth-west and British Columbia do not appear to have contributed more than their share towards the criminality of those portions of the Dominion. Considering the large influx from outside into the west, it is highly gratifying to have from the statistics of the criminal courts so satis- factory a certificate of the high standing of the immigrants going into the west. The statistics indicate that the" tendency towards a habitually criminal class, marked in other countries, is also in evidence in Canada. Taking the average of sixteen years — 1887-1902 — as a fair indication of the tendency, there has been an increase from 7 •50 per cent to 9 "03 per cent in 1903. With regard to juvenile delinquency, the records indicate a large increase in the list of boy criminals. In the period 1887-1890, boys under sixteen years convicted of indictable offences were 14'33 per cent of all the convicted of all ages. In 1889-1903, they were 15 -4:3 per cent. SUMMARY CONVICTIONS. Of summary convictions there were 43,862 in 1903, an increase of 6,046, or 15 '8 per cent ; equal to nearly on£-sixth. Nova Scotia shows an abnormal increase of 29 per cent. The North-west Territories show a still larger increase of 148 per cent. A great part of the increase in Nova Scotia is due to an abnormally large increase in the judicial district of Cape Breton, where the increase was 1,273, while the total increase for the province was 1,003 convictions. DRUNKENNESS. The convictions for drankenness in 1903 were 16,532, an increase of 3,805 com- pared with 1902. Of these, 693 were convictions for drunkenness in the town of Sydney, N.S. All the provinces, excepting Quebec and the Yukon, show increases. The statis- tics of the courts in respect to drunkenness agree with the returns published in the Statistical Year Book, which show that consumption of spirits has increased between 1900 and 1903 by 24 per cent. THE STATISTICAL YEAR BOOK. This work is published by my" department under authority of chapter 59, section 6, Revised Statutes of Canada. The demand for the book is greater each year. To meet this increasing demand, parliament granted an increased appropriation for the Year Book, and, acting upon it, I had 1,400 added to the number printed for 1903—1,000 English and 400 French. In the previous year, the added numbers were 1,500 English and 200 French. The demand still remains greater than the supply. Advantageous openings present them- selves all the time in a yearly increasing degree as Canada attracts increased attention among the nations of the world. Ixviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The plan of issue is to send first to the members of parliament and the govern- ment, the members of the several legislatures and the executives of the several pro- vinces, then to the leading newspapers, boards of trade, banks, libraries, British con- suls and other representatives of different countries, the legislative libraries of other parts of the British Empire. The remainder is held for distribution in Canada, according to a permanent list, and to meet applications. It is in connection with the permanent list and applications that the supply falls short. The following are the dates of the issues of the Year Book: — 1896— Issued October 12, 1897 1897— " October 4, 1898 1898— " October 10, 1899 1899— " August 21, 1900 1900— " June 22, 1901 1901— " May 15, 1902 1902— " May 28, 1903 1903— " June 29, 1904 The provincial governments, I am pleased to note, have co-operated most heartily in the effort to publish the Year Book at an early date. The municipal authorities have been prompt in supplying the material required, and the various commercial and manufacturing firms from whom information was sought, kindly and most consider- ately gave their prompt attention to the circulars sent them. There is a great demand for back numbers to make up full sets. The demand from the United Kingdom for full sets has increased very considerably. As a result, ' the issues of 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1900 and 1901 are exhausted. The Year Book in French is increasingly demanded. Of late years (1891-8), there remain very few copies, and of 1891, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1900, 1901 and 1902, none at all. There has been a very considerable demand for other publications of the statis- tical division. The Criminal Statistics have been sought after by writers of other lands, as well as by students in Canada. The handbook on Canada and the pamphlet on pulp-wood were in demand in the St. Louis Exhibition. The correspondence of the statistical branch increases steadily from year to year, due in part to the large edition of the Year Book issued, and to the increasing demand for it, and also to the ever-increasing demand for general statistical information by the public. The whole respectfully submitted. SYDNEY A. FISHER. Minister of Agriculture. 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1905 PUBLIC HEALTH. No. 1. EEPORT OF THE DmECTOR-GENERAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. F. ^loNTizAMBERT, M.D.Ed., I.S.O., F.R.C.S., D.C.L. October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my annual report as Director-General of Public Health to October 31, 1904. This year, like the ones immediately preceding it, has been marked by the con- tinued threatening of bubonic plague, cholera and small-pox. Strict measures, ordinary and special, have therefore been required for the sani- tary protection of the country. The special measures explained at leng-th in previous annual reports have therefore been continued throughout most of the year. Frontier inspection for small-pox at threatened ports of the international border, and extra inspections at some of the maritime ports have been maintained more or less throughout the year as the conditions to the south of us have seemed to require. The epidemic of this disease which has raged in the United States for the last four years seems now to be drawing to an end. The number of cases reported has become so small that it has been considered safe to suspend the services of the frontier inspectors this summer. Whether the diminution of the disease and its present practical return to its ordinary limits be permanent, or whether it be largely due to the usual seasonal lessening in summer to be followed by renewed increase with the setting in of winter remains of course as yet to be seen. . On the Pacific side careful inspection of all arriving Asiatics has been carried on throughout the year. This includes the testing of the temperature and the examina- tion of the glandular regions. Inspection of passenger vessels from San Francisco is continued on account of the possibly continued presence of plague in that city. The last death reported was on March 1, 1904. Precautions as to funnels on hawsers, guarding of gang planks, &c., to prevent the embarkation of rats at ports of departure or their landing at our ports have continued to be impressed upon the shipping companies. Dominion Department of Public Health.— The Canadian Medical Association at its meeting in Montreal, in 1902, passed a strong resolution to the effect that it is expedient that a Department of Public Health be created by the Dominion govern- ment, and administered under the authority of one of the existing Ministers of the Crown, thus bringing all general questions relating to sanitary science and public health under one central authority to be known as the Public Health Department. In 1903, at the London meeting, this resolution was reiterated, and the committee that had been charged with the matter was urged to press it strongly upon the immediate attention of the government. This year, in August, at the meeting in Vancouver, B.C., the committee submitted the following report : — ' Your committee in charge of the question of the establishment of a Department of Public Health by the Dominion government have the honour to report that the matter has, to a certain extent, been in abeyance since our meeting at London last 15—1 2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 year. At that meeting you will recollect we reported certain interviews with the Prime Minister and the Minister of Agriculture, at which we were led to understand that it was not feasible for the government to give us any assurance that our wishes in the matter could be practically considered. The resolution again passed at London pres- sing the subject on the attention of the government as one closely associated with the country's welfare and best interests was duly forwarded to the Dominion authorities. ' It was also pointed out to the Hon. the Minister of Agriculture by the convener of your committee that the medical profession of the Dominion as represented by the Canadian Medical Association were united in their desire to have such a department created and that they were only actuated in the matter by motives of patriotism, feel- ing assured that the administration of public health in matters pertaining to the Dominion government would be greatly facilitated and rendered more useful and satisfactory if it emanated from a central department instead of having a series of branches having executive authority scattered through a number of departments of the government. ' Your committee are gratified to be able to report that there are evidences that, during the present recess, the matter will engage the attention of the Privy Council more seriously than it has hitherto done. Before legislation could be introduced, cer- tain questions involving much consideration will have to be settled, and we are given to understand that these preliminaries will be weighed before Parliament meets. While it is to a certain extent unsatisfactory to be obliged to report in such an indefi- nite way, yet we trust the association will understand we have not been idle, but that in a matter of this kind we are in the hands of the goodwill of the government and that it would be neither judicious nor delicate to compromise the present favourable opportunity by referring in detail to the reasons that have enabled us to hazard our present opinions.' And the following resolution was moved by Dr. Lafleur, of Montreal, seconded by Dr. Meredith Jones, of Victoria, and unanimously carried : — ' That the Canadian Medical Association regret that the Dominion government have not yet seen their way clear to carrying out the suggestions contained in the several strong resolutions of this association passed during the past three years on the ques- tion of the establishment of a Department of Public Health under one of the existing Ministers of the Crown. ' That it be further resolved that this association continue to press the wishes of the medical profession of the Dominion on this subject on the attention of the govern- ment inasmuch as we feel assured that the difficulties to be overcome in order to bring about such a desirable end are of small consequence to the public welfare compared to the beneficial results that will follow. " That the sub-committee in charge of this matter be reappointed at this meeting and requested to continue their efforts of the past three years. ' That a copy of this resolution be sent by the General Secretary to the Right Hon. the Prime Minister, to the Hon. the Minister of Agriculture and to the Hon. the Secretary of State.' In England, the Britioh Medical Association is busily engaged in advocating the extension of the powers vested in the health departments of the civil, naval and mili- tary populations on a scientific basis. The Bradford meeting of the Sanitary Institute, the Brussels Congress of Hygiene, 1903, and many other meetings have approved the formation of a health ministry, with or without an expert as Cabinet Minister of Public Health. In New South "Wales, a conference of officers of various boards of health drafted a biU for the establishment' of a central department, under the control of a director- general, who should be a man possessing both scientific and administrative attain- ments, and should be paid at a salary of at least £1,800 per annum, with a well paid assistant and a sufficient staff to'enable him to carry out his various and onerous duties. And they further recommend — as I have done here for years — that the central office should have attached to it a complete laboratory. PUBLIC HEALTH 3 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Fuhlic Health Science. — A paper was read on this subject last month by Prof. Wm. T. Sedgwick, of Boston, he said : ' that he used the term public health science advisedly, for any division of human knowledge that had worked out its own laws with strict adherence to the rules of inductive and deductive reasons as public health science had done, and which had reached results which enabled it to predict with accu- racy as could now be done in public health science, was entitled to an honourable place among the physical sciences. Public health science had its rise and remarkable devel- opment in the eighteenth century; before that time, efforts tending to promote or protect public health being entirely empirical and as often directed to the convenience cf mankind as to their safety. In 1767, Sir George Baker made the first scientific discovery in public health science, which happened to be in epidemiology, when he found that the epidemic of colic in Devonshire, England, was due to an obscure poi- soning by lead conveyed through the common cider of that district. In 1774, the foundations of state hygiene and sanitation were laid, in consequence of the startling revelations of TTohn Howard, by an Act of Parliament providing for the sanitation of jails and prisons. The beginnings of marine hygiene and sanitation appeared in 1776 v?hen Captain Cook was awarded the Copeley medal of the Eoyal Society for his remarkable success in protecting the lives of his sailors on his second voyage. In 1796, Edward Jenner, who also worked in a strictly scientific manner and employed the methods of rigid inductive research, laid securely for all time the foundations of per- sonal hygiene and immunization by showing that such modifications of the physiolog- ical resistance or susceptibility of the human body could be produced at will so as to make it immune to smaU-pox. In the eighteenth-century discoveries were the germs of some of the most important divisions of public health science, namely, epidemiology, sanitation, and immunization, and their importance to the public health science of the time and to the development of public health science for all centuries to come was incalculable. In 1802, the beginning of factory hygiene and sanitation was made; in 1829, the first municipal water filter was constructed; in 1834, the discovery of the important relation of poverty to public health, revealed in the famous report of the Poor Law Commissioners; in 1839, the beginnings of registration and accurate statis- tics; in 1854, for the first time, was clearly taught the lesson, even yet not properly taken to heart, that water may be the ready vehicle of a terrible epidemic of cholera. Prom 1860 striking epidemics of trichinosis came into public notice, and here, also, belonged the magnificent work of Pasteur; in 1868, Lister following in the footsteps of Pasteux, revealed the true basis of cleanliness in asepsis; in 1876, bacteriology became firmly established by Koch's studies on anthrax. The decade from 1880 to 1890 could be called the decade of etiology, since then were discovered the hitherto unknown microbes of typhoid fever, tuberculosis, malaria, Asiatic cholera, diphtheria, and tetanus. There was an extraordinary public awaken- ing in England in the middle of the ninetenth century to the importance of sanitation and public health measures, but for same time there was no marked inosculation between public health science and other sciences, such as physics, chemistry, microscopy, bac- teriology, climatology, engineering or education. It was not until Pettenkofer and his disciple-s in Germany, and Angus Smith and others in England, began their splen- did chemical work that the tributary stream of sanitary chemistry added materially to that of public health science. The science of architecture, including building construction, heating and ventilation, has done and will continue doing much of im- portance to the student of public health science. Buhonic Plague. — This disease has occurred during the year in South Africa, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Egypt, Formosa, Hawaii, India, Japan, Mauritius, Peru, Philippine Islands, Turkey, and in San Prancisco. India.— This disease has continued its ravages in epidemic form throughout the year, the deaths at the height of its seasonal intensity showing the appalling mortality of 40,527 in a week. It is calculated that since 1896 over 2,000,000 people have died 15-li 4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 in India from the plague. In answer to a question in the British House of Commons Mr. Brodrick replied that all possible care was taken to prevent the spread of plague throughout India. Speaking generally the State medical officers of the native States forming the Central India agency applied in the territories of their respective states the preventive and remedial measures which were employed in British India. These comprised (1) the provision of hospitals and medical aid for the sufferers; (2) disin- fection of infected houses; (3) evacuation of infected quarters in towns and villages; (4) refuge camps for the uninfected; (5) inspection posts and observation huts at railway stations and en main routes; (6) inoculation where desired. South Africa. — Plague has existed in Cape Colony for some four years, and although in no town or district except, perhaps, Port Elizabeth, has plague assumed any considerable proportions, yet the continued presence of the disease in both men and rats in several towns of Cape Colony and in Durban, Natal, rendered the possibi- lity, of a serious outbreak, either within the infected area or in adjacent towns or dis- tricts, an ever-present cause of anxiety. Plague has visited the following towns in South Africa since it first appeared : Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, East London, Queenstown, King William's Town, Ivnysna, Lady Grey Bridge and Durban. It is still present at Port Elizabeth, there being three cases under treatment there, the last discovered on the 19th instant. J • | Plague-infected rodents continue up to the last reports, October 24, to be found there, and at East London. In the Transvaal, there has been quite an outbreak, at Johannesburg : also to a lesser degree in Pretoria. It is claimed, however, under date of October 15, that the Transvaal is now clear of plague. In Hong Kong, the disease was not as prevalent as last year, and it has again subsided with the passing of the warmest season. In Russia, there was a case of laboratory infection of plague near Cronstadt : — 'The laboratory for plague reseach at St. Petersburg is located on an isolated island near Fort Alexander. The director of the institute for experimental medicine and the production of antiplague serum was engaged at the laboratory with living plague cultures when he contracted the plague, January 26, and died in four days, not- withstanding repeated injections of antiplague serum. All the other persons connected vsith the laboratory were given preventive injections, but two new cases have developed. The entire establishment is strictly quarantined. The death of the director recalls those of Dr. Miiller at Vienna and Dr. Sachs at Berlin, under similar circumstances.' In San Francisco, there has not been a death from plague since March 1, 1904. The summary is: calendar year 1900, 22 cases, 22 deaths; 1901, 30 cases, 25 deaths; 1902, 41 cases, 41 deaths; 1903, lY cases, 17 deaths; 1904 to date, 9 cases, 8 deaths; total, 119 casesj 111 deaths. The sanitary work and inspection still goes on in Chinatown, San Francisco, the following being the last summary of work reported from there in Public Health reports for the week ending the 29th instant :■ — Buildings reinspected 235 Rooms 1,793 Persons inspected 2,390 Sick 15 Sick prescribed for at oriental dispensary 15 ■ Dead examined 5 Necropsies 1 Rats examined bacteriologically 55 Number showing pest infectioii 0 Places limed and disinfected 850 Times streets swept 3 Sewers flushed 18 Blocks covered vpith Danysz virus 18 PUBLIC HEALTH 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Sewers baited with phosphorus poison 18 Notices sent to abate plumbing nuisance 8 Abated 7 Undergoing abatement 12 Total number of plumbing inspections 109 In Sydney, New South Wales, plague-infected rats continue to be found in cer- tain parts of the city, principally in the neighbourhood of Sussex street, where the produce stores are chiefly situated. Two rather rapidly fatal cases of plague in human beings have occurred at a large house situated some miles from the centre of the city, in a healthy suburb. The first case was that of a coachman who was employed at this house; he slept over the stables, which were found to be overrun with rats. Bacterio- logical examination of two dead rats from this house proved them to be plague-infected, and it is surmised that they were infected by other diseased rats carried to this house in fodder. The second case was that of a woman, aged 31, a housekeeper employed at the same house, who had gone to visit the sick coachman, and who herself became infected, and died in about forty hours. The occurrence of these two fresh cases has again called forth a warning from Dr. Ashburton Thompson, the President of the Board of Health, who reminds citizens that the recurrence of an unusual mortality amongst rats, and the finding of dead rodents. in unusual places, would be considered as evidence of the existence of plague. Under these circumstances, if people so situated do not give the Health Department immediate information on the matter, they will be liable to prosecution. Serumtherapy of Plague. — A correspondent of the British Medical Journal, Sep- tember 24, 1904, gives the following description of the Bombay Plague Research Laboratory : — •' This laboratory was founded by Mr. Haffkine at the outbreak of plague in India at the end of 1896. Very soon it became clear that general measures of disinfection, isolation, segregation, etc., were not applicable to the circumstances of this epidemic. The activity of the laboratory was then concentrated on the manufacture and distri- bution of the prophylactic for preventive inoculation worked out and introduced by Halfkine. During the seven and a half years that the laboratory has been working under his direction, the number of doses of the material issued to applicants in India and other countries has amounted, up to the end of March last, to 5,757,225. Of these, 504,966 were supplied to countries outside India, and 5,252,259 to districts in India. ' It is claimed that the number of deaths from plague has been reduced by this inoculation to less than one-sixth of what it is among the non-inoculated. In the severe epidemic in the Punjab of 1902-3, half a million people were inoculated by medical men specially sent out from England. According to the latest information published by the government of India, the proportion of deaths to attacks in the inoculated was under 25 per cent, or less than one-half of that observed in the non- inoculated. Prom numerous observations it results that the number of attacks is less than one-third of that in the non-inoculated population. These figures refer to the Indian natives, whose susceptibility to plague is, like that of the Chinese, much higher than the susceptibility of the white races. Among inoculated European resi- dents no fatal cases of plague have so far come to notice. ' The prophylactic material for inoculation according to Haffkine's method is now manvifactiTred and obtainable not only from the Bombay Laboratory, but also from the Local Government Board, through Professor E. Klein, at St. Bartholomews' Hos- pital; from the Lister Institute for Experimental Medicine; from the Thompson-Yates I-aboratories, Liverpool; from the Pasteur Institute in Paris; from the Institut fiir Infektionskrankheiten, in Berlin; from the Institut Imperial de Medecine Experimen- tal, St. Petersburg; from the Swiss Bacterio-Therapeutic and Vaccinal Institute, Berne; from the Government Laboratory in Piano?a, Italy, and from the Laboratory of the Insular Board of Health, Manila, Philippine Islands. 6 DEPARTMEIfT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ' Attempts at treating native patients in hospitals with antiplague curative serums have not been successful. The first experiment ia this direction was made in 1897-8, soon after Dr. Yersin's original publication, with a serum prepared in Bombay by M. Haffkine. An inquiry which he instituted led him to the conclusion that the treat- ment had no effect on the mortality rate. The preparation of that serum in Haffkine's Laboratory was then abandoned; but in 1898-9, an experiment on a large scale was carried out in one of the Bombay plague hospitals with a serum prepared by Profes- sor Lustig, of Florence, the method of testing being the same as was applied by Haff- kine to his serum. This method, in its main features, consisted in treating one out of every two patients admitted to hospital, and comparing the clinical features of the disease and the mortality rate with those in the remainder of the patients. Of 900 cases thus admitted, the 450 so treated had 55 deaths less than the 450 not treated ; but a careful analysis of the cases showed that, in this experiment, there was a marked preponderance of grave cases among those admitted into the non-treated group, com- pared to those in which the serum treatment was applied. Between November, 1902, and July, 1903, another experiment was made, under stricter conditions, and under the direct supervision of the laboratory, with a serum prepared by Professors Terni and Bondi, in Messina. In this instance, the cases for treatment were taken alter- nately, as they came in, no selection of any kind being permitted. Of 111 patients thus treated 90 died; of 112 admitted alternately with the above, and left without serum injections, 91 died. Subsequently, another batch of 16 patients were treated with the same serum in another Bombay hospital, 16 alternate patients being left for comparison. Of the first category 12 died, and of the second, 11. In 1904, a serum prepared by Dr. Brazil in San Pavlo, which was reported to give good results in Brazil, Avas tried by the laboratory. In one hospital the proportion of deaths, among the injected, was 41 out of 50, and among the control cases, 45 out of 50; in another, the injected gave a proportion of 17 deaths out of 20, and the control cases, of 15 oij^ of 20. The treatment in all cases consisted in hypodermic injections, the doses in the latter experiments amounting sometimes to several hundred cubic centimetres. Inves- tigations have now been started with Yersin's serum manufactured in the Pasteur Institute in Paris, and intravenous injections are being tried. M. Haffkine is of opinion that his results, so different from those reported by other experimenters, may be due to the greater susceptibility to plague of the natives in India, as well as to the difficulty of getting them Larly for treatment in hospitals. 'Investigations made in the laboratory into the transmissibility of plague by means of rat fleas have given so far negative results, though the hypothesis itself appears extremely plausible. A large amount of research has been done in the labora- tory in various other directions in connexion with plague and other disease, such as different methods of disinfection, serum diagnosis of enteric fever, Malta fever, plague; distribution of plague bacilli in tissues and secretions of sick and convalescent; the presence or otherwise of plague microbes in dwellings, clothing, furniture, and soil, and in various species of animals, &c., as well as on cholera, relapsing fever, scurvy, epizootic lymphangitis, beri-beri, snake venom and antivenene, scorpion venom, diph- theria, leprosy, variola and vaccinia, surra, lathyriasis ; on the morphology and classi- fication of mosquitos, &c. Only a part of these investigations has been published, the majority being contained in laboratory records and reports to government, which will rever see the light of publicity. We understand that certain difficulties exist in the ■matter of publication, and this has had a deterring and paralysing effect on the labora- tory's activity. M. Haffl^ine's work in India has a world-wide interest, and it js essen- tial that any regulations which hinder the publication of his results should be removed as soon as possible.' Duprat (Ann. de I'Institut Pasteur) reports the results of the treatment of forty-five cases of plague with the Koux-Yersin serum. At the commencement of the epidemic, the doses employed were from 60 c.cm. to 80 c.cm., repeated or not, every twenty-four hours, according to circumstances. Sixteen cases were treated in PUBLIC HE ALT/ 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 this manner, with a mortality of 31'25 per cent. Subsequently this dosage was largely increased up to an initial dose of 300 c.cm. in one case.- The results thus obtained were much better than those obtained with the smaller dosage, and the mortality fell to 13 per cent. A number of cases are related, of which the following may be taken as an example: A child aged 10 years, when first seen, had a temperature of 39'80 C, pulse, 130 and compressible, rapid respiration and marked collapse. He could with difficulty be got to answer questions, and had a very painful bubo in the left inguinal region. He received a first injections of 100 c.cm., followed twelve hours later by 120 c.cm., then at the same interval 80 c.cm., and, twenty-four hours after, 60 c.cm. Eeco'very took place, complicated by general articular pain — a frequent effect of the serum injection. The injections were all subcutaneous, and Duprat comments on the difficulties of Calmette's method of intravenous injection. The importation of a monthly supply of some fresh Yersin serum from the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, London, England, has been continued throughout the year, so that it might be supplied promptly from here to any of your stations where plague should show itself. The steamship Bishopsgate arrived at Newcastle on the River Tyne on, the 20th ultimo with bubonic plague on board. The ship had brought a cargo of wheat, maize, and bran from Eosario in the Argentine to Hamburg. On arrival in Hamburg, on August 29, no one on board had plague, but the rats were found infected. The crew were discharged, a fresh crew engaged, the ship fumigated and cleaned. On arrival on the Tyne on September 20, one man was found suffering from plague, from which he is recovering. No other cases occurred on board ship. Modern Methods of Disinfecting a Plague Ship. — Nocht, of Hamburg, gives the details of the disinfection of the steamer Cordova, which arrived from Brazil, De- cember 25, 1903. Every ship arriving at Hamburg is searched for dead rats by tho sanitary authorities. During the last year they were found in thirty-six ships and plague bacilli were found twice. When the Cordova .began to unload, the inspectors found at noon seven dead rats. By three o'clock the ship was notified that the findings were suspicious, and it was ordered to leave the quay and anchor in the open water. The Nocht-Giemsa disinfecting apparatus was installed the same day, and the hold and living rooms were filled with the gas generated. The next morning fresh air was pumped into the hold by the same apparatus, and the unloading of the ship on light- ers allowed to proceed. The cargo consisted of sacks of coffee and bran, and as each sack was brought up it was inspected by the sanitary officer. All on which there were signs of rat manxire or gnawing were loaded into a separate lighter, which was isolated for a period of two weeks, with no possibility of contamination from other rats, after which the unloading was allowed to proceed without further restrictions. None of the rest of the cargo was interfered with, and it was imloaded and stored in the ware- houses as usual. No plague rats were found anywhere in the ship except in the com- partment where the first had been discovered, and all in this compartment had died before the gas disinfection. The gas killed 139 rats in all, including a number of nests of young rats in inaccessible crevices. The crew and others working on the ship were required to wear an outer suit while at work, with gloves, &c., and on leaving work to clean their hands and shoes with kresol soap. They were examined by a physi- cian once a day, and for ^ve days after the unloading of the ship was completed. Otherw-se they were not interfered with. After the ship had been unloaded it was disinfected anew with lime in the hold and the living rooms with formaldehyde. All the sweepings of the ship were burned, as is compulsory for all ships in Hamburg har- bour. In five days from the finding of the dead rats, the sanitary officers withdrew and the ship sailed in two days with a new cargo. A few sacks had been carried into the warehouse before the first rats were found, and they were isolated by covering them with tarpaulins and building a high board partition around them, shutting up in it a couple of trained rat dogs. After the two weeks' period was past the partition 8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 was removed and the sacks not further interfered with. The purpose of these measures was to keep the rats in the warehouse from access to the sacks during the period of isolation. No case of sickness developed among the crew or those having anything to do with the ship. Destruction of Rats in France. — The ravages caused by the field rats in agricul- tural districts of France have caused the government to take up the matter. A Bill has been submitted by the government to the Chamber of deputies providing for the issue of bonds to raise $70,000 to be applied to the destruction of field rats. Experiments have recently been made on a large scale in la Charente where a large tract of land — about 3,000 acres — was honeycombed with rat holes. The work was in charge of Danysz and Chamberland of the Pasteur Institute. Cultures of the bacillus which Danysz has found is pathogenic for field rats were spread on bread or oats and distri- buted in and near the rat holes. Over 10,000 pounds of bread and twice this amount of oats and 1,200 bottles of the virus were used. The results showed that 95 per cent of the rats had been destroyed. The campaign progressed without mishap and no domestic animals were injured.. It is unfortunate that no virus has yet been discovered effectual against the town rat, which is much more resistant. Eoux believes that the prospects are bright for this achievement in the near future. The legislation now in progress contemplates that the land owners must pay a certain proportion of the expense of the anti-rat campaign. Rats are not only concerned in the transmission of the plague, but also a trichinosis. Certain epizootics are likewise due to them, as they transmit the germ, although they do not contract the disease. Cholera. — This disease has appeared during the year in Afghanistan, BomBO, China, Formosa, France, India, Japan, Persia, Philippine Islands, Russia, Straits Settlements and Turkey. The following note on Mohammedan pilgrimages is from U. 8. Piiblic Health "Reports of the 28th instant : — ' The notification of the sanitary board of Constantinople states that by special regulation applicable to the Mohammedan pilgrimage from the Hedjaz for the season of 1904-5, the lazaret of Camaran has been ready to receive maritime arrivals since September 11, 1904, and will continue in operation until March 7, 1905, this period corresponding to six months of the Mohammedan year. During these six months vessels having pilgrims aboard coming from beyond the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, no matter what sort of bill of health they carry, must, with the exception of certain craft liereinafter mentioned, proceed direct to the lazaret of Camaran without stopping at any port of the Red Sea. All Mussulmans arriving at the Hedjaz are considered to be pilgrims. Pilgrim vessels are defined as those arriving at the Hedjaz with pilgrims aboard, with the exception, however, that vessels are permitted to carry one pilgrim for each 100 tons net register without falling into the category of pilgrim vessels. The latter class of vessels are treated in accordance with the character of their bills of health and in conformity with the regulations of 1867, applicable to arrivals from cholera-infected places. ' "Vessels on which the number of pilgrims embarked is strictly limited to a figure •not exceeding five for each 100 tons net register must, at all periods of the year, go to the lazaret of Abou-Saad, near Djeddah, which is in operation the whole year. They •will land there all passengers and merchandise bound for the Hedjaz, after which they rwill be free to continue their voyage. Sambouks and other coasting craft carrying pilgrims are treated as pilgrim vessels. Those which go from one port to another are subject to quarantine at the lazaret of Abou-Saad. On the other hand, thoSie which come from outside the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb must go direct to the anchorage of Camaran.' « Yellow Fever. — In 1901, a commission composed of Messrs. Marchoux, Salimbeni .and Simond, of the Pasteur Institute, was appointed to conduct investigations regard- PUBLIC HEALTH 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 ing the etiology of yellow fever and the mosquito Stegomyia fasciata in the transmis- sion of the disease at Rio Janeiro. This commission rendered a report, which was thus summarized by the Jour. A. M. Association in May last : — ' The commission concludes that the infecting principle in the blood of yellow fever patients remains active for five days when kept in defibrinated blood under liquid vaseline, but that at the end of eight days the infectivity of the blood has dis- appeared. They deduce as a result of their experiments that the blood contains this infecting agent during only the first three days of the disease. ' They deduce further from their experiments that the blood serum of a yellow fever convalescent possesses clearly preventive properties. They further deduce as the result of experiments! on eleven individuals made in hospital that the 'blood serum of a yellow-fever convalescent possesses therapeutic properties of considerable curative value. ' In regard to the mosquito Stegomyia fasciata, their work is particularly valuable. They point out that the habits of the Stegomyia fasciata differ very much from those of most other mosquitoes. One of the marked peculiarities of the species is its ex- treme susceptibility to differences of temperature. It manifests its greatest activity when the thermometer stands at 25 C. Beyond 39 C. the insect dies. At 15 C. to 16 C. the insect becomes inert and ceases to bite. At 12 C. to 14 C, it is benumbed and flies with great difficulty. All of the acts of its life are much influenced by the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. ' The female stegomyia alone bites. The female is perfectly capable of biting immediately after metamorphosis. Within twenty-four hours she bites readily. With- in forty-eight hours of metamorphosis and at temperatures between 26 C. and 35 C. she will bite readily at any hour of the day if recently fecundated, but especiallt beginning at about 11 o'clock in the morning. If the temperature is between 19 C. and 25 C, she bites less readily. At temperatures between 14 C. and 18 C, she does not seek to bite at all unless artificially warmed by contact with the skin of the victim. She bites less readily between 22 C. and 25 C, but a temperature of 2Y C. to 30 C. is that which suits the insect best.' The general conclusions of the commission may be summed up as follows : — 1. The serum of a patient on the third day of the disease is virulent. 2. On the fourth day of the disease, yellow fever blood no longer contains any virus, even when the fever is high. 3. One-tenth of a cubic centimeter of virulent serum injected under the skin is sufficient to cause yellow fever. 4. The virus of yellow fever rubbed on a blister of the skin, made by removing the epidermis, does not give the disease. 5. In the serum of the patient, the virus of yellow fever passes through a filter Chamberland F without dilution. 6. Under the same conditions it does not appear to pass through filter B. Y. Virulent serum preserved exposed to the air at a temperature of 24 C. to 30 Q, is inactive at the end of forty-eight hours. 8. In defibrinated blood, preserved under liquid vaseline at a temperature of 24 C. to 30 C, the microbe of yellow fever remainvs living for five days. 9. At the end of eight days defibrinated blood, kept under the same conditions, no longer contains active virus. 10. The virulent serum becomes harmless after heating for five minutes at 55 C. 11. A preventive injection of serum heated for five minutes at 55 C, confers a relative immunity which, followed by inoculation with a very small quantity of virus, may become complete. 12. The injection of defibrinated blood, kept in the laboratory under liquid vase- line for f'ight days at least, confers a relative immunity. 13. The serum of a convalescent is endowed with clearly preventive properties. 10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 14. The immunity conferred by the serum of the convalescent is still in evidence 'at the end of twenty-six days. 15. The serum of a convalescent appears to have the therapeutic properties. 16. As has been proved by Eeed, Carroll and Agramonte, yellow fever is produced by the bite of the Stegomyia fasciata. 17. To be able to produce the disease in man, this mosquito must be previously infected by absorbing the blood of a patient stricken with yellow fever during the (first three days of the disease. IS. The infected mosquito is only dangerous after an interval of twelve days from the time when it has ingested virulent blood. 19. The bite of two infected mosquitos may cause a serious illness. 20. The mosquito appears to be more dangerous in proportion that her bite is delayed after the time when it has become infected. 21.. The bite of infected mosquitoes does not invariably give yellow fever. 22. When the bite of infected mosquitoes has been without effect, there is no 'immunity conferred against the injection of virulent serum. 23. In the neighbourhood of Eio de Janeiro, as in Cuba, no other mosquito than the Stegomyia fasciata is concerned in the transmission of yellow fever. 24. Contact with a patient, his personal effects, or his excretions, is incapable of producing yellow fever. 25. Outside of the bite of the infected stegomyia, the only means known of pro- ducing the disease is the injection into the tissues of a susceptible individual of blood' from a patient collected in the first three days of the disease. 26. Yellow fever can only assume a contagious character in regions where the Stegomyice fasciatoe prevail. "27. The prophylaxis of yellow fever rests entirely on measures taken to prevent Stegomyioe fasciatce from biting the individual sick and then a healthy individual. 28. It must be borne in mind that the period of incubation of yellow fever may, be prolonged up to thirteen days. 2 J. ihe Stegomyia fasciata is frequrntly infected by .reoukls, yeasts and by sporozoa. No parasite of this species recognized up to this time has any causal rela- tion to yellow fever. 30. Xeither in the mosquito nor in the blood have we succeeded up to this time in discovering the casual agent of yellow fever. Observers disagree as to its hours of feeding, but the disagreement is more appa- rent than real. All agree that its principal time of flight is in the afternoon : It is ' essentially crepusoular.' Reed says : ' after four o'clock.' The New Orleans Com- missioner : ' especially in the afternoon hours.' The Vera Oruz "Working Party states ' early in the morning and late in the afternoon.' It does not feed in the dark inor does it in a strong light, and its feeding seems more dependent on the degree of light than on the time of day. If the place be fairly light it approaches its victim on the shadow side, thus especially attacking the ankles under a writing table, or the hand under the head during siesta. It bites after dark if there be artificial light in the room. It does not bite out of doors in ordinary bright daylight. The above habits, together with the fact of its being a house mosquito and the infected insects being mainly confined to dwelling houses, explain the comparative safety of ' day-light communication,' i.e. entering a town only after 10 a.m., and leaving by 4 p.m. under pledge to go in only on sunny days and to enter no resi- dence ; sometimes not to go into the residence portion of the city. The danger of staying all night was really the danger 'of the late afternoon, early evening, and morning hours spent, of course, in residences. A recent writer thinks from his observation afloat on salt water in the lee of islands and mosquito-infected shores that the Culex of the salt marshes is quite fre- quently carried considerably over a mile by light, steady breezes, long continued. PUBLIC HEALTH 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Is this true of the Stegomyia ? It is a far lighter insect, more fragile and appa- rently with very little wing power. It probably never flies high. It is found, by preference, in the lower stories of houses, and would thus be little liable to convey- ance by wind, and its feeble power of flight should prevent its passing over any con- eiderable distance by its own wing power. Nearly two years ago, the writer suggest- ed that this problem be taken up, it being of importance in determining the anchor- age of vessels in yellow-fever ports. So far he knows of no direct observations on this subject, except those of Goldberger at Tampieo, and of Grubbs at Ship Island Qua- rantine. The latter found Stegomyise aboard three vessels from Vera Cruz, two of which claimed to have lain a half mile from shore. He helieved they came aboard at Vera Cruz. The observation of Goldberger will be given later. Although direct observations on this problem are few, yet there are certain in- direct ones, bearing, however, entirely on the aerial conveyance of the Stegomyia in- •fected with yellow fevfer. It is notorious that yellow fever is usually conveyed but a short way aerially, across the street,' or, more often ' to the house in the rear,' which is about as far as it was expected to be thus 'conveyed. This represents a maximum 'distance of about 75 yards. The tv/o longest distances recorded in recent times of aerial conveyance, one of 25 mieters (Melier) and one of 76 fathoms — 456 feet (the writer) are entirely exiceptional. So much for the distance which the (infected) Stegomyia is conveyed— or rather iisually conveyed — aerially. On the other hand it is known that vessels moored in certain districts of the ^Havana harbour did not develop yellow fever aboard, except in those who had been ashore, or unless they lay 'close to other vessels which were infected. This experi- naent has been made on so large a scale — with so many vessels and for so many years — that we must accept as a fact that an infeeted Stegomyia was not conveyed aerially from the Havana shore to those vessels, or, allowing for errors, was very rarely so iconveyed. The distance which had been found safe was something over 200 fathoms — 1,200 feet. The prevailing wind was generally slightly on shore, but was not con- stantly blowing. Whether there is any difference in the distance to which infected or non-infected mosquitos are conveyed, is, of course, entirely a matter of surmise. There is no apparent reason why there should be. Yet the infected Stegomyise have almost certainly become so in a house ; and with their very domestic habits must be found out of doors, where they would be subject to conveyance by the wind, in much smaller numbers than the uninfected insects, and consequently a lesser numher of them would be conveyed aerially. Observation is needed on this subject — the dis- tance (across water) that Stegomyise are aerially conveyed. Goldberger, very ingeniously, suggests that on acount of its diurnal flight, the direction of the wind during the day only need be considered in estimating this factor in its aerial conveyance, and states that at Tampieo he has failed to find Stegomyise aboard vessels lying, for ten or fifteen days, about half a mile froiii a shore where they were abundant, while numbers of Anopheles albipjes and Culex pungens were fonud. The wind was on shore during the day and calm or off shore during the night. The importance of this point is obvious. This disease has been present during the year in Brazil, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela and Curagao, in the West Indies. In Havana, no case of yellow fever has originated since September, 1901, since which time the city has been entirely exempt from the terrible disease, that had there kept stronghold for a hundred and fifty years. Cases are now admitted into Havana from Mexican ports, but are treated under screens with perfect impunity, in the ordi- nary city hospitals. The crusade against the insects also caused a very large decrease in malarial fevers. The destruction of the most fatal epidemic disease of the western hemisphere, in its favourite home city is but the beginning of the benefit to mankind that may be expected to follow the work of Eeed and his associates. There can be no manner of doubt should Mexico, Brazil, and the Central American Republics, where the disease 12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 1905 Still exists, follow strictly the example set by Havana, that yellow fever will become extinct and the United States forever freed from the scourge, that has in the past slain thousands of its citizens and caused the loss of untold treasure. More recent investigations into the cause and spread of yellow fever have only succeeded in verifying the work of Reed and his commission in every particular and in adding very little to our knowledge of the disease. Later researches by Guiteras in Havana, by the Public Health and Marine Hos- pital Service in Vera Cruz, and lastly by a delegation from the Pasteur Institute of Paris in Rio de Janeiro, all confirm in the most convincing manner, both the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the conclusions of the United States commission. Small-pox. — This disease has prevailed extensively throughout the year appearing in Africa, Argentina, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Borneo, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Columbia, Cuba, Ecuador, Formosa, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, Italy, Japan, Java, Mexico, Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Philippine Islands, Russia, Spain, Straits Settlements, Turkey, and the United States. The epidemic of this disease in the United States, which has prevailed for the last four years, is diminishing greatly in both extent and virulence. In United States Public Health Reports the nvmiber of cases during the first six months of this calendar year is given at 11,367, and from July 1 to the 28th instant as 3,462. Last year the figures for similar periods were 26,937, and 10,469. During this month there has been an outbreak of this disease in Chicago, which it is thought may be attributed to infected warm clothing put carelessly away last spring and taken out again now that the cold weather has returned. Dr. A. R. Reynolds, Commissioner of Health of Chicago, in a bulletin dated the 29th instant, reports as follows : — ' Upward of 270,000 vaccinations have been performed in the city since the first of the month — forty-odd thousand by officers of the department and the remainder by private physicians. ' Twelve new cases of small-pox were discovered during the week, but no new centre of infection; they are all traceable to the previous cases. Of the twelve only two had ever had vaccination even attempted; these two, 31 and 55 years of age respectively, exhibit old, imperfect sears made in childhood. ' Of the 45 .cases in the Isolation Hospital at the close of the week 17 are unvac- oinated children under the school age, 6 years. The figures are the sufficient argument for the school vaccination requirement. Not one case of small-pox has ever occurred among the hundreds of thousands of scholars in attendance in accordance with this requirement. On the other hand, there have been a number of eases, some fatal, in scholars admitted on false certificates of vaccination, fraudulently given by venal doc- tors. Such men are a disgrace to the profession; they are guilty of constructive homi- cide in every fatal case, and deserve the punishment therefor. ' While there are a number of severe cases under treatment it is believed all will recover — even the baby bom with the disease and vaccinated twenty minutes after birth.' The threatening of this disease being imported from the United States has lessened so much from dying out of the disease as an epidemic in that country that the last of your international frontier small-pox inspectors were withdrawn at the end of July. In the North-west Territories some cases occurred during the year. Dr. Patter- son, your very efficient officer for the Territories, now reports that there have been no cases for the last ten weeks, and that the disease as an epidemic has for the time at any rate ceased to exist. This disease has also been brought to some of your maritime quarantines. In each case the disease was stamped out at the station, and no subsequent con- sequent case occurred inland. PUBLIC HEALTH 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Small-pox prevention in Germany. — The Medical Record thus writes on this sub- ject : — ' Many of the opponents of vaccination contend that the chief reasons small-pox has so greatly decreased are the general adoption of more efficient sanitation and the strict isolation of those suffering from the disease. When Germany is pointed to as a conspicuous example of the benefits of vaccination, these unbelievers say, but this result is not so greatly due to vaccination as to isolation. The British Local Govern- ment Board recently resolved to investigate the matter, and to decide as to whether isolation has been the main factor in practically driving small-pox out of Germany, or whether to vaccination must be given the credit for this desirable state of affairs. Accordingly Dr. Bruce Low, one of the inspectors of the board, was despatched to Germany some few months ago with instructions to make a thorough investigation of the small-pox question. Dr. Low has performed the duty placed upon him, and has just published a report in which all the aspects of the situation are dealt with. ' At the very outset the reporter met with a serious but suggestive practical diffi- culty. In Berlin, where he went first, he could hear of no small-pox in Germany. ■The Central Health Office knew of none, but to help him in his inquiry it was ar- xanged that he should visit representative towns in the four chief States of the Ger- man empire — Pinissia, Bavaria, Saxony, 'and AViirtemberg. The towns visited were ten — in Prussia, Berlin, Cologne, Frankfort-on-Main, Wiesbaden, and Mainz; in Ba- varia, Munich, and Xuremberg; in Saxony, Dresden, and Leipzig; and in Wiirttem- berg, Stuttgart. And so Dr. Bruce Low started on his quest through these towns, with a total population of nearly 5 millons. But it appears that from beginning to end he could not find a small-pox case in any of them. As a matter of history, indeed, the disease was known. In Berlin, there had been some 70 cases in seven years (1895- 1901 inclusive) ; in Colog-ne, one case in 10 years ; in Frankfort, 9 fatal cases in 10 years ; in Wiesbaden, 12 cases eleven years ago, but none since then ; in Mainz, appar- ently none during eleven years; in Munich, Y cases in eight years; in Nuremberg, none for about eleven years; in Dresden, no deaths for the past ten years; in Leipzig, 8 eases in eight years ; and in Stuttgart, none in six years. The record is truly a won- derful one. There is nothing to be found like it anywhere else in Europe. ' As regards the small-pox which did occur in Germany, the amount of it due to foreigners is quite remarkable. Russia, Austria, and Italy are the principal contri- butors, and many of the outbreaks are near the Russian and Austrian frontiers. Dr. Bruce Low's notes on the ten towns he visited are very striking in illustration of the importance of foreign sources of infection. In Berlin, it has been already stated that about 70 cases ocurred in seven years. There were outbreaks in five of the seven years, and in every outbreak the origin of the infection was traced to foreigners — Rus- sians, Italians, Austrians, Portuguese, and in one case to a group of performing negroes from Togoland. In Frankfort, the disease was twice introduced from Russia. Dresden is within thirty miles of the Austrian border, and thence receives its small- pox. Of 8 persons attacked at Leipzig in eight years, 2 were Russians and 4 Aus- trians. ' The law of Grermany with regard to vaccination, is, as is well known, extremely strict and stringently enforced. This law requires infants to be vaccinated before the end of the calendar year following the year of the birth, and all school children to be vaccinated in their twelfth year. The notification of small-pox is obligatory through- out, the Empire, and all persons suffering, or suspected to be suffering, from small-pox can be ordered to hospital for isolation if, in the opinion of the medical officer of the local authority, the patient cannot be properly isolated at home. On the occurrence of a case of small-pox in a house, the " contacts " are immediately vaccinated or revac- cinated ; and in some towns they are removed to a place of isolation until the time for the development of the disease has passed away. The provision for " isolation " is nowhere of such a kind as would satisfy English practice or requirements. ' The truth is that the whole German system of small-pox treatment and so-called " isolation " is dominated from beginning to end, and from centre to circumference, 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 by the great fact of the vaccination and revaccination of the people. The population, as a whole, is practically insusceptible to small-pox, and this consideration is supreme in every step taken in dealing with the disease. ' Dr. Low's general conclusion is that the German plan differs markedly from that employed in England and Wales by reason of the character of the so-called. isolation. Untoward results to other persons from bringing small-pox to the sites of the general hospitals, have been seldom observed, and this, in Germany, is with one consent attri- buted to the protection afforded by statutory vaccination and revaccination, without which it is unanimously admitted that the method would break down. With this assis- tance Germany is able to dispense with separate small-pox hospitals and with any separate administration for the purpose of providing against the disease, and is thus freed, not only from a great expense, but from the suffering and inconvenience entailed upon England and Wales by the costly and half-hearted methods of dealing with epidemics as they arise, instead of preventing them from arising. ' The instance of Germany, with reference to the methods in vogue there for the prevention of small-pox, is a conclusive proof that vaccination and revaccination, car- ried out tboroughly and conscientiously, oo,nfers so great an immunity against small- pox that other means of dealing with the disease are rendered superfluous. It would be well if other nations were to take the lessbn taught by Germany to heart and follow in her footsteps. There are times when the objector to vaccination, however conscien- tious, must be ignored and his principles must be sacrificed for the public good.' Bed light trmtment of Sn^all-pox. — Dr. Niels R. Finsen, who reintroduced this ancient treatment and has been the pioneer in modern scientific phototherapy died, September 24, in Copenhagen, aged 43. He was a native of the Earoe Islands. He began his work while a student in the Copenhagen University, from which he was graduated in 1890. Three years later he published an article on ' The Influence of Light on the Skin,' which aroused general attention because of his assertion that small-pox could be cured by the red-light treatment. This was but one application of the Einsen theory that light rays contained healing powers, and to develop the positive element of his theory he began experimenting with concentrated artificial light rays. As a result of his experiments, he effected a cure for lupus vulgaris. This cure directed great attention to the young investigator, and in 1896, the Municipal Hospital of Copenhagen allowed Professor Einsen several small buildings on its grounds in wjiich to carry on his experiments. The Danish government then became interested in the support of the institution, and this support enabled the institute to be removed to Rosenvaenget, a suburb of Copenhagen, where under the direction of Professor Einsen, with a staff of scientists of national repute, export electricians, and trained nurses, many cures of cases previously deemed incurable were made. In December, 1903, Professor Einsen was awarded the Nobel prize. Eor several years he had suffered from dropsy resulting from heart disease, but so intense was his devotion to his work that he hardly spared time from his studies for sleeping and eating, much less to recuperate his health. His death is attributable to an aggravation of the diseases from which he had suffered during his entire adult life by reason of his persistent over- work. Leprosy. — In an article in the British Medical Journal under date the lYth of last month, Dr. T. J. Tonkin, late Medical Oificer Hansa Association Central Soudan Expedition writes as follows on the curability of this disease : — ' Eor myself I have no hesitation in saying that I believe leprosy to be a disease that often yields to the influence of improved circumstances, whether that improve- ment be the result of wise supervision in an institution or a fortunate course of events outside. ' In this respect, leprosy closely resembles tuberculosis. There are few who would care to dispute the fact that many recover from the latter disease. One has only to PUBLIC HEALTH 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 have the opportunity of following a series of autopsies to know that the lungs of a considerable proportion of persons who die at advanced years, and of ailments in no way connected with tuberculosis, present, on examination, evidence of pre-existent tuberculous disease. The slowly calcifying caseous focus, or the fibroid patch, shows that they have been so affected; but the condition of these things— the caseous focus rigidly cut off from the surrounding healthy tissue, and the fibroid patch pale and hard, when taken with the age, appearance, and history of the person in question — leave no doubt that they are but the ashes of a long-dead fire. ' What are the circumstances which, in any given instance, have determined this course of events we can, as a rule, only speculate. This much, however, we can usually be sure of, that at some time or other, when the person was in a lowered condition from poverty, business worry, previous illness, vicious courses, or any other of the hundred-and-one everyday things that depress our vitality, he was exposed to the infec- tion of tuberculosis. The man's extremity was the bacillus's opportunity. As a result he became the subject of definite tuberculous disease. Then, after a period of dejec- lion of mental and physical powers — a period during which the disease made head- v,'ay — something happened, and the tide turned. Perhaps it was a rise in wages that determined it, or the removal of some source of trouble; but, whatever may have been its particular nature, it \vas something that lifted the man up again — allowed his vital forces to rally, and helped them to face and defeat the invading influence. Un- fortunately, these vital forces, however thoroughly they may be reawakened, are often unequal to the task of repairing the actual damage done by the operations of the invader; but they can, and do, bottle it up and strangle and starve it, so that in time, from being a centre of action hostile to the system, it becomes a mere passive encum- brance— in the way, perhaps, but more or less powerless for evil. You may call such a man phthisical if you like, and if you happen to have known the nature of his pre- vious malady; but if febrile reaction, emaciation, night-sweating, cough, and bacillus- laden expectoration have left him, and his capacity for work and pleasure has returned, you may call him what you like; you will not make him a sick man or a danger to the community. ' It is much the same with leprosy. Since the days of Moses leprosy has been re- garded as incurable, and the word " incurable " has in this instance acquired the force of a formula conveying the idea of a thing incapable of betterment — ^past help, hope- less. But there are other w-ays of reading the w^ord. Incurable leprosy certainly is in the sense that we do not at present possess — and possibly never may possess — a reme- dy that affects its course as dramatically as mercury and the iodide of potassium affect that of syi^hilis, or as antitoxin affects that of diphtheria. But it is difficult to regard it as incurable in any other sense. The course of events I have just sketched in connection with tuberculosis is often followed by leprosy. The disease, contracted is the result of an exposure to contagion rendered effective by the depressing influ- ence of adverse circumstances, is often recovered from when those circumstances are removed. The application of a knowledge of this eminently natural course of events is what I call intelligent treatment of leprosy, and its successful issue I call cure. Leprosy is a disorder of which every grade exists. In any endemic area where one person suffers severely, many are subject to slighter degrees, from which they may recover without doing more than, or in some cases even so much as, suspect the na- ture of their malady. And among those who take the disease more severely the supervention of some improvement in their circumstances almost always betters the condition of the individual, and in an appreciable proportion of the cases abolishes the disorder. ' One of the greatest obstacles to the recognition of the true state of affairs with regard to this matter has undoubtedly been an imperfect understanding of the actual condition of many persons supposed to be lepers. To the average individual, whether medical or lay, a person with no fingers or toes and an abbreviated nose is a leper, no matter what his condition of health may be otherwise. But a man is not neces- sarily still a leper because he happens to be mutilated. 16 DEPARTMENT OF AGBIGVLTUBE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ' The figures of any table arranged to illustrate the duration of the disease will help to make this clearer. I quote one of my own because I am best acquainted with it. The table I allude to gives in periods of five years the time that in each of 220 cases had elapsed since the onset of the disease. The average period over which fatal leprous disease extends does not usually exceed a dozen years. The last figures I had to do with in connection with this matter gave ten as an outside limit. To give the thing fullest play, let us make it fifteen. If a person have survived the invasion fifteen years, it is highly probable that his disease will be in an exceedingly quiescent condition, while if twenty have elapsed the signs will often be of so indefinite a na- ture as to defy recognition. Of the 220 cases I have just quoted, 24 per cent had survived the fifteen years' limit, while 8 per cent had left the date of invasion periods, varying from twenty to fifty-five years, behind them. There are exceptions, of course ; but in a large number of these cases it will be found that all specific leprous manifestations have been left behind also. Their effects may remain; natu- rally the fingers and toes that have been lost will not grow again ; but you can no more reasonably, on that account, look on a man as suffering from leprosy when he may have enjoyed previous to the date of his examination anything from five to fifty years of unbroken health, and when his capacity for labour is only limited by the destruc- tion of tissue resulting from the pre-existent disease, than you could reasonably re- gard the man with the calcifying focus or fibroid patch as necessarily suffering from tuberculosis. ' At this point in the discussion of the subject, the objection is often made that .it is impossible to be sure that any given individual is really cured. It is suggested that, although he may seem to be cured, it cannot be regarded as certain that he has no lepra bacilli inside him. I readily concede this. But I do not see any pressing necessity for knowing whether he has lepra bacilli inside him or not. He may have them in him — indeed, I should say there is little doubt he very often has — and yet he may not be suffering from leprosy. The presence of lepra bacilli in a man's tissues does not necessarily make that man a leper. The term " leprosy " is only properly applied when it is used in connection with the reaction that takes place between the constituents of the bacilli and those of the tissues they invade. While that reaction is in being the individual affected is suffering from leprosy ; as long as it is in abey- ance, or after it has died down, it cannot be considered that he is. If some bacilli are there — and in a recent letter I am informed by Dr. Hansen that he has found them in the spinal cord fifty years after invasion — they are there on much the same terms as such tubercle bacilli as may remain in a caseous focus of long standing. In appearance and reaction to the various stains they may be indistinguishable from the organism in an active state, but their vitality is nevertheless open to doubt, and their influence under the circumstances in question is almost certainly nil. It is probable that, for the time at least, they are negligible quantities. It cannot matter much whether they are there or not. If the man be devoid of the signs and symptoms of the active disease, if his organs are performing their functions in an ordinary fashion, if he enjoy life and can woi'k, I hold it is rational to look on that man as hale, and if the accessible fluids of his body are free from bacillary pollution he can hardly be regarded as a danger to the community.' ' That in this sense leprosy is curable there can be little doubt, for many indi- viduals of this description are living. It is important to recognize the curability of the disease, for if this fact is not recognized a community will not be apt to look with favour on an asylum for lepers which discharges its patients. If this disease is considered incurable, it is not lUcely that any educational movement will be insti- tuted to correct the prejudices of the people. Again, the patient himself, in the institution, believing himself to be beyond hope, will not avail himself of any of the aids which in the early stages of the disease offer such golden opportunities for treat- m.ent. Owing to this general belief, large numbers of leprous persons are rendered ineffective as wage-earners. Taken early it is possible that the man can not only be PUBLIC HEALTH 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 cured, but that he will be able to go back again to take his original place in the world. The writer finally speaks of the responsibility of the medical profession in this matter, which he believes is not small.' Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson in discussing Tonkin's paper said he had himself long ago taught that there was a natural tendency to cessation of all active processes if the patient lived long enough, and that in this respect leprosy resembled tuberculosis. That its active stages were self -terminable was part of the definition of leprosy which he had recently given in the Clinical Atlas of the New Sydenham Society. Its closest analogy was, he believed, with lupus erythematosus, a malady which after a few years' activity always tended to spontaneous cessation. He was now in a posi- tion to assert as to leprosy that in the cases in which recovery had taken place there was usually no tendency to relapse. The bacillus appeared to exhaust its soil and to be incapable of indefinite prolongation of its life. He had seen cases in which a period of fifteen or even five and twenty years had passed since the disease was ap- parently cured and in which there had not been the slightest return. Such patients usually regained good health. Nor was it only in slight forms or in the maculo- anaesthetic type that recovery ensued. A case which he had brought before the Medico-Chirurgical Society in 18Y8 was an example of recovery from a severe tuber- cular form, and he might now add respecting that case that the patient remained in good health many years after the date of publication of her case. Mr. Hutchinson here produced some photographs of a well-marked tuberous case in which recovery was in progress. In connection with it he took occasion to remark that the influence of chauhnoogra oil in expediting the recovery appeared to have been very definite. The result of his inquiries in India had been to greatly increase his estimate of the value of this oil, and he was inclined to rank it as far superior to all others. It appeared to possess real power in arresting the vitality of the bacillus, and he would strongly urge its more extended trial, not only against leprosy, but against its close congener, tuberculosis. It was a remarkable fact, if the proposition were accepted that leprosy was a spontaneously curable disease, that the opposite opinion should have been so generally prevalent. There was, however, he believed, a very simple clue to the apparent discrepancy. Leprosy was incurable and for the most part fatal if the patient remained in the country in which it had originated ; it was curable if he left it. It was from Norway that we got the strongest expressions as to uselessness of all drugs and the incurabihty of the disease. There it was said that cases of apparent recovery in hospital relapsed when sent home. The explanation was simply that, in returning home, the patients returned to the dietary which ori- ginally caused the disease. They resumed a dietary which consisted largely of fish, and it could not be wondered at that they relapsed. Although probably it was only fish in certain peculiar conditions which could originate leprosy, yet when once the disease was established, almost all forms of fish might tend to feed it. Many ob- seiwers had noted that fish food made leprosy worse. All observations as to the cura- bility of leprosy and as to the influence of drugs upon its course were, he believed, quite valueless unless abstinence from fish were enforced. In Norway, where the peasants live on fish, and fish was supplied in the asylums, the disease- was severe, and was held to be incurable ; in India and Ceylon, where fish was not abundant, it was mild and often curable; in Natal, where no fish was to be had, it did not spread, and was for the most part mild, and followed by recovery. Dr. Smith, your ofiicer at Tracadie, writing to me on this subject says: In L'Ameque and in Pointe Marcil, our only leprous districts, the people select inferior codfish — fish that have been eaten down the back by maggots — as their winter food, selling the good fish to the merchants. In opposition to this asserted connection between the eating of tainted fish and leprosy. Dr. H. Trail Skae writes as follows : — 'Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson is reported, in the British Medical Journal of September 26, 1903, pages 702-3-4, as saying : (1) That certain commimities, in- 15—2 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 eluding Orkney and Shetland, engaged in fishing formerly suffered greatly from leprosy ; (2) that in Orkney and Shetland the disease underwent gradual extinction without the assistance of segregation laws ; (3) tliat the methods of curing fish have greatly improved ; (4) that no tainted or decomposing fish is now eaten in any part of the British Isles ; and he gives the last two points as sufficient reason for the second. ' So far as Orkney and Shetland are concerned, I venture to entirely dispute the accuracy of the statements 3 and 4, and more particularly the latter. ' In OrKuey and Shetland fish stiU forms the staple article of food. At the present day it bulks more largely in the diet than it did generations ago, when large quanti- ties of wild fowl were consumed. And of this fish a very large proportion can only be described as tainted or decomposing. ' ''' Skate " are usually siraply cleaned and then hung in the open air, exposed to all kinds of weather, and never properly dried. They commonly hang for weeks — sometimes longer — until phosphorescent, sour, and almost unapproachable, a slice being cut off from time to time as required, and boiled for a period rarely exceeding twenty minutes. Until recently it was not uncommon to see people eating the fish in this condition without any cooking whatever. ' Sillocks and " kenithes " are soaked for days in plain water, or with a mere trace of salt, until perfectly soft and rotten. They are then cleaned and pressed, or hung in the open air — never properly dried. Vast quantities of them — known locally as " sour sillicks " — are eaten, as often as not without any cooking, in a state which would grievously alarm Mr. Hutchinson. 'Cod and haddock, caught locally or landed from passing trawlers, are left for days lying uncleaned in plain or slightly salted water, until the smell is disgusting, and the fish so soft that the finger might be pushed through them. They are then cleaned and split, salted and dried — very rarely thoroughly — in the open air. ' The salting, however, is a mere disguise, in no way preventing or curing the putrid condition, which makes itself very evident if the fish be soaked or boiled. T'hese fish are generally eaten after leing boiled for a period varying from ten to 'twenty minutes. ' Large quantities of cod and haddock are simply cleaned and then hung in the open air to be used as required. After a few days they become quite unmistakably putrid. They are then known as " sour cod," etc., and in this condition are greatly liked. ' I have repeatedly had " fresh " herring brought to me in a state of decomposition — perfectly soft and putrid, but nevertheless readily eaten and much relished by the peasantry here. ' These are not exceptional cases. There are actually enormous quantities of fish in this condition eaten in Orkney and Shetland every year. I find the" older inhabi- tants almost unanimous in the opinion that fish is not in any way better cured here now than it was fifty years ago. It is difficult to believe that it could have been much worse. Of course there is a lot of properly cured fish prepared in Orkney and Shet- land, but the greater part of this goes south, while the uncured and decomposing, and the sour or badly cured fish is eaten locally. ' I am not aware of any case of leprosy having occurred in Orkney or Shetland within living memory.' Cases of leprosy in which the disease has been cured, or in which at least all action evidences of its progress have been arrested have been also cited by Dr. Isadore Dyer, of New Orleans, in charge of the Louisiana Leper Home. And from our own Tracadie Lazaretto it has been possible to discharge under surveillance one of the patients who is temporarily at least cured to an extent that prevents his infecting any persons with whom he may come in contact. The Chaulmoogra oil treatment has been continued during the year at the Tra- cadie Lazaretto with satisfactory results, all the patients benefiting by it more or less, and in addition to the lessening of tubercles and tendency to healing of ulcerations PUBLIC HEALTH 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 there was a general assurance to me during my visits of inspection that they felt the stronger and better from the use of the oil. ■Beri-beri. — With reference to the question as to the causation of this disease, and the possible influence of eating damaged rice. Dr. Watt, your officer at William Head, writes as follows about the British ship Senator : ' This ship arrived here (Wil- liam Head, B.C.) 66 days out, from Cebu,P.I., with the captain ill with beri-beri, and two others of the crew convalescent from the same complaint. The first mate was re- ported as having died of dropsy after one month's illness, which began with him one week out from Cebu. From the history I obtained of this case, I concluded that this also was a case of beri-beri. I inquired concerning the food supply and was informed that all supplies as well as water had been taken in at old country or Australian ports. But on further questioning I found that one sack of Chinese rice had been bought in Gebu and used on the cabin table. All the cases of sickness had occurred among those eating in the cabin, so I think that this one sack of rice can be held accountable for all the trouble.' This disease has been prevailing in the Japanese army. The wet weather foment- ing the rice produced much beri-beri amongst the troops. The number of cases from June to September was nearly 16,000. Referring to this the Journal of the American Medical Ansociation, on the 15th instant remarks : — ' The appearance of beri-beri (beri is Singhalese for weakness) among the soldiers now engaged in bloody conflict in the far east calls our attention to a hitherto little noticed and, therefore, so to speak, new terror of war over which medical science as yet has little or no power. Beri-beri (or kakke, as it is called in Japan) is the pest par excellence of the Malay archipelago and peninsula, but given certain special con- ditions, it may occur apparently almost anywhere, as witness its occurrence among Newfoundland fishermen and in British prisons. It is widely disseminated in many tropical countries, including the Philippine Islands. ' From the clinical and anatomical points of view, beri-beri may be described briefly as a peripheral neuritis, with changes in the central nervous system. Xaturally, the disease may manifest itself in varying degrees of intensity ; its manifestations will also vary greatly in the different periods of its evolution. For these reasons various classifications have been proposed, and of these the one by Hamilton Wright recom- mends itself especially for its comprehensiveness and simplicity. Wright separates beri-beri into three principal forms, namely : 1. Acute pernicious beri-beri. 2. Acute beri-beri (running a course of from three to six weeks, leaving the patient paralyzed). 3. Beri-beri residual paralysis. ' Any one at all familiar with the clinical picture of acute peripheral neuritis and its conseqiiences can readily reconstruct in his own mind the general clinical aspects of the second and third forms outlined in this grouping. Acute pernicious beri-beri — the first form — may terminate life quickly. 'Its main symptoms are great dyspnoea, cyanosis and cardiac failure, symptoms that indicate that in this form the process attacks specially the nerves concerned in respiration and cardiac function. In some forms of acute beri-beri there may be a pronounced anasarca (wet beri-beri), and pernicious symptoms may arise in the course of such cases even when the progress appears satisfactory. Hence the prognosis in the acute forms of this disease, especially when associated with oedema, is uncertain. So far as known, the course of tlie disease cannot be materially modified by treatment. The gross appearances presented by the organs after death are not strikingly or posi- tively characteristic of any single disease, so that, without the knowledge of the clinical history, it is not likely that a correct diagnosis of acute oases would be made post-mortem without microscopic study of the nervous system, the central, and especially, of course, the peripheral. There may be more or less ff'dema for which it might be difficult to account in the presence of normal kidneys and normal though dilated heart. Hamilton Wright lays great stress on the presence 15— 2J 20 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 of congestion and erosion of the pyloric end of the stomach and of the duodenum^ which are said to be constant in the acutely pernicious cases. Wright regards these lesions as the result of the localization of the unknown microbic cause of the disease, which here develops a readily absorbable and powerful neurotoxic substance. ' Wright's interesting and plausible hypothesis as to the etiology of beri-beri was discussed in these columns of The Journal, May 21, 1904. The hypothetical organism does not seem to have been described as yet, and it is sincerely to be hoped that this new theory does not only add one more to the long list of theories already advanced to explain the pathogenesis of this disease, which Manson says has been attributed to all sorts of causes : " to damaged fish, damaged grain ; to rain, wind, heat, cold ; to rheumatism, and many other things, including malaria." Still, in view of the large number of poisonous substances known to be capable of producing multiple neuritis and central nervous changes — lead, arsenic, copper, zinc, ergotin, alcohol, phosphorus, carbonic oxide and sulphide, chick-pea, bad maize, and the products of many microbic infectious agents as seen in the cases of primary and secondary infectious neuritis — it would hardly be surprising if it turned out that the term beri-beri as now used includes a variety of processes due to different causes. Certainly nervous tissues have a remarkable affinity for many harmful substances of diverse nature and origin. ' The reactions between the components of nervous tissues and such substances now demand investigation, especially from the chemical side, if we are to understand better the mechanisms that lead to such grave disturbances in the structure and func- tion of the nervous system. All additions to our exact knowledge of neuritis of what- ever cause will help to unravel the difficult problems connected with the etiology, treatment and prevention of beri-beri. At the present time progress in these direc- tions appears to hinge largely on the determination of the question whether the disease is microbic in nature or due to faulty hygiene and bad food.' Tuberculosis. — The Royal Commission appointed in August, 1901, and consisting of Sir Michael Foster, K.C.B. (Chairman), Professor Sims Woodhead, Professor Sid- ney Martin, Professor J. McFadyean, and Professor Hubert Boyce to investigate the connection between human and animal tuberculosis and to test the correctness of Koch's uttered opinions has reached certain conclusions that it feels justified in giving to the public, and which, in fact, refute the claim of the distinguished German bac- teriologist. They say, according to the report : 'We have most carefully compared the tuberculosis set up in bovine animals by material of human tuberculosis, to that set up in bovine animals by material of bovine origin, and so far we have found the one, both in its broad general effects and in its finer histological details, indentical with the other.' According to the judgment of the commission, therefore, it would be un- wise to modify legislative measures on the presumption that human and bovine tuber- culous bacilli are specifically different or that the disease cauged by the one is different from that due to the other. This is not the final official report, which will give detailed particulars, but so far as it goes may be depended on. At the annual meeting of the Canadian Association for the Prevention of Con- sumption, held in this city on April 20 last, an address was given by Mazyck P. Pvavenel, M.D., Assistant Medical Director of the Henry Phipps Institute, Philadel- piiia, on Animal Tuberculoses and their relation to Human Health. In the course of this address he said : — ' Eabinowitsch and Kempner found that ten out of fifteen cows, which reacted to tuberculin but showed no evidence of udder disease gave milk containing tubercle bacilli. They conclude that "milk may contain tubercle bacilli; first, in beginning tuberculosis, without discoverable disease of the udder; and, second, in latent tuber- culosis that can be detected only by the tuberculin reaction ;" also, " milk from cows that react to tuberculin must be suspected of being infectious in every case." < Conclusion. — At the present time the weight of the available evidence is in favour of the view that the chief source of infection in children, as well as in adults, PUBLIC HEALTH 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 is the human tubercle bacillus, aud that the portal of entry is the respiratory tract. It has, however, been proven conclusively that the bovine tubercle bacillus is respon- sible for a certain proportion of the deaths from tuberculosis in children, and there is strong evidence at hand to show that the number of children infected from bovine sources is quite large. Whether the number be large or small, it is none the less our duty to guard against the use of milk from tuberculous cattle for food. ' It is without qiiestion most important to build sanatoria for the treatment and -cure of early cases of tuberculosis; to form societies which spread information con- cerning the disease and its prevention to the sick and well alike; to build hospitals for hopeless and dying cases, in order to remove them from their homes at the period of greatest danger to those around them; to pass laws against promiscuous spitting; to regulate ventilation and over-crowding of tenements and factories; to encourage good living amongst the masses in every way possible. All of these things are useful and necessary, but we will still fail in doing our whole duty, if we neglect to guard against food products from tuberculous animals and to make every effort for the eradication of tuberculosis from cattle/ ' ]\[aragliano has vaccinated a number of children against tuberculosis, the results constantly controlled by experiments on animals. The blood serum gradually ac- quired agglutinating power up to 1/100, the same as in the animals, and intravenous injection of the animals with vir^ilent cultures of tubercle bacilli demonstrated that tliey were refractory, completely immune against tubercle infection. He thinks the probabilities are all in favour of the assumption that the children have been rendered similarly immune although confirmation of the test by inoculation is of course out of the question. He proceeds as for small-pox vaccination, and there is a slight febrile reaction the same as in the latter. By what he calls the " progressive " technique he commences with passive and goes on to active immunization. He first injects immu- nizing substances derived from the blood of immunized animals. This stage is fol- lowed by injections of these same substances plus substances derived from the bodies of killed bacilli, a material absolutely incapable of inducing infection. The third and final stage is the injection of products of the tubercle bacilli, also harmless. After a period of three to four months the serum has acquired antitoxic, antibacterial and agglutinating properties. The controls treated step by step in the same way acquire these same properties and prove completely immune to infection with virulent tubercle bacilli. The dead bodies of the bacilli are the chief factor in this vaccination, and the aim is to induce a focus of tubercular inflammation at the periphery entirely free from live tubercle bacilli. From this focus emanate the influences which induce the antitoxic, antibacterial and agglutinating properties, the reaction of defence on the part of the organism. This insures a true and special vaccination. He makes the injection in the arm as for small-pox vaccination. A small amicrobian abscess deve- lops which is slow in healing, sometimes persisting for three or four months before completely healing. His experiences with animals have demonstrated beyond question, he believes, that it is possible to confer immunity by this simple technique. !Maragliano adds that his research in this line preceded those of others by six years. Italy also took the lead in the administration of antitoxins by the mouth, as also in vaccinating man against tuberculosis. Elsewhere the question is still in the phase of mere hypo- thesis.' Experiments an the disinfection of tiihercida-r sputum. — This month's number of Public Health, the oflicial organ of the Incorporated Society of Medical Officers of Health of England, says : — ' We have received Dr. Klein's report on the final results of a long series of ex- periments which were iindertaken with a view to ascertain whether it was possibly to tiioroughly disinfect the floors of public houses, &c., within the limited time available for this purpose, i.e.' from (say) 12 p.m. to 6 a.m. Any honest attempt to lessen the acknowledged evil arising from this source of infection must meet with the approval 22 ^ DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 of our readers, and we liave therefore pleasure in commending Dr. Klein's report to the earnest attnention of all who are interested in public health; and in these days who are not ? ' It is unnecessary to dwell here upon the ease with which it is possible to demon- strate the presence of virulent tubercle bacilli in dust swept from the floors of public houses, railway carriages, etc. ;J;his has been done by various reliable workers both in this country and abroad, as recently as January of the present year, when we took samples of the expectorated matter on the floor of a public bar in London (v. Public Health, p. 547, June, 1904), and submitted them to Professor Klein, who reported that he foimd typical tubercle bacilli in fifty per cent of the samples received! ' Kealizing the gravity of this source of infection we then requested Prof. Klein to ascertain for us the best practicable method of destroying such tubercle bacilli as might be found on the floors of public houses, railway carriages, and other public places, by the use of a reliable disinfectant, and we have now the final result of the experiments he undertook to this end. ' In one sense, it is to be regretted that Dr. Klein's very satisfactory results were not obtained with a non-proprietary article. Yet a moment's reflection will sufl&ce to show that in this, as in many other fields of research, it is to private enterprise we ir.ust look for any real progress in the future; for to what or whom else can we look ? Assuredly not the State ! ' One feature of Dr. Klein's report appears to us to call for special comment ; we re-fer to the manifest desire to place the question dealt with 'on a practical basis. Many investigators have shown satisfactory results with 24 hours' contact. Such results are interesting from an academic point of view, but how are they to help us when applied in actual practice? When and where is this period of time admissible? Certainly not in the problems which confront lis in every-day life. Dr. Klein starts with the assumption that he has a certain limited period of time at his disposal — to wit, six hours — ^presumably from midnight to six o'clock on the following morning. In this we think he is well advised, for there are few situations calling for practical disinfection where provision cannot be made for this very essential condition. To run over the floor with a mop soaked in the disinfectant solution, and to " leave floor thus well moistened for a period of six hours," is at once simple and practicable, and we trust the suggestion will be widely adopted. ' Dr. Klein's report, the result of which we again commend to the attention of all who are engaged in the fight against tuberculosis, runs as follows : — ' On Jioiie 11, tubercular sputum dried on tile since June 9 was used in the fol- lowing manner : — ' (a.) A small part of the dried sputum was injected subcutaneously into a con- trol g-uinea-pig. ' (h.) The rest of the dried sputum was well soaked with cyllin (dilution 1 in 160) and left thus for six hours, after this it was washed and injected into two guinea- pigs — one intraperitoneal and the other subcutaneous— the amount in each case being the same, if not more than that used for the control. To-day (July 12), the control guinea-pig has big firm inguinal glands, and when killed shows internally numerous tubercles, with tubercular bacilli present in large oiumbers. The other medicated 'animals were killed and all found to ibe perfectly normal. T'rom this it appears, then, that cyllin when diluted in the proportion of 1 in 160 acting on tubercular sputum for six hours ^at room temperature, is capable of comfpletely disinfecting all B Uiber- culosis. For practical purposes, therefore, it would only be necessary when working with this disinfectant, to wash well with a mop the floor, presumably containing tubercle bacilli, using a dilution of 1 in 160, and to leave the floor thus well moist- ened for a period of six hours. Congresses and meetings. — There has not been a meeting of the American Public Health Association within this quarantine year. The last meeting was at Washing- PUBLIC HEALTH 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 •ton, D.C., in October a year ago, and tlio next is to be liekl in Havana in January next. The Canadian Medical Association held its annual meeting in Vancouver, B.C., August 23-27 last. A resolution calling for the estaWishment of a Dominion depart- ment of public health was again passed as I have already reported. Many important (papere were submitted and dis'cussed. The nest meeting is to be held at Halifax, N.S. Inspection duty. — Leaving Ottawa on July 8, I inspected the Leper Lazaretto at Tracadie, N.B., and the quarantines at Chatham and St. John, N.B.; at Halifax, Syd- ney, Louisbourg and Pictou, N.S. ; Charlottetown, P.E.I., and Grosse Isle, Que., getting back to Ottawa on August 5. Leaving again on the 16th I attended the meeting of the Canadian Medical Association at Vancouver, B.C., and inspected our quarantine arrangements there and at Victoria and William Head, and on the return trip had interviews with the secretary of the Territorial Department of Health of the North- west Territories at Eegina, Assa., and with the secretary of the Provincial Board of Health of Manitoba at Winnipeg. Trachoma from Japan. — As sanitary adviser of the Dominion government I waa asked whilst in British Columbia by the Hon. Mr. McBride, Prime Minister of the province of British Columbia, to meet him, the acting superintendent of the Provin- cial Police, and the provincial health officer, with reference to questions relating to the Japanese immigration to that province. The officers of the United States Public Health Service stationed at Victoria and Vancouver refuse to give health certificates to enable Japanese destined for the United States to enter that territory so long as they have any symptom whatever of the disease in question. These people are con- sequently thrown back upon British Columbia for a temporary or, in incurable cases, a permanent, residence during which the disease may be communicated to others, and with the prospect that the incurable cases will become, from subsequent blindness, a bvirden upon the public funds. A report on 'the subject was submitted by me for the government upon my return from the coast. National Park at Banff, Alta. — This park extends for 103 miles on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and in it are contained Canmore, Anthracite, Banff, Laggan and Field. Whilst passing through Banff, this summer, I took occasion as sanitary adviser of the government to make inquiries in relation to the appointment of a Dominion medical health officer for this National Park. The appointment of such an officer had been already recommended by Dr. James Patterson who has been acting for us in the Tei-ritories during the small-pox epidemic. Mr. Douglas, the park superintendent, with whom I had an interview, strongly iirged the desirability of such an appointment, so that on the first suspicion of a case of infectious disease there might be some recognized medical officer upon whom he and others might call with an assurance that prompt and impartial action would be taken in the matter. A report on the subject was submitted by me for the government under date of the 10th ultimo. The Quarantine Stations, &c., Grosse Isle, Que. — At this station and at its gnb- station of Rimouski, 381 vessels have been inspected during the year, 352 at Grosse Isle and 29 at Bimouski. This shows a decrease as compared with last year, due in part to the late opening of navigation in the St. Lawrence this spring, and in part to the ever increasing size of modern vessels, one such sometimes replacing two or more of the older smaller ones, 70,111 persons were inspected. Twenty-three vessels arrived with infections disease. The admissions to hospital were 237. They included cases of small-pox, diph- theria, scarlet fever, measles, enteric fever and chicken-pox. The deaths in hospital were three. 24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDVy/ARD VII., A. 1905 Provision has been made by you in this year's estimates for the early addition to this station of the much needed second steamer, and for the commencement of the extension of the wharf into deep water. The most pressing present requirements are a small steam disinfeetor for the hospital, and an administrative building in the ' Healthy ' division, to contain consulting room and surgery below and some bedrooms and small wards above, for non-infectious cases that cannot well be sent to an infected hospital. The question of rebuilding the old wooden detention sheds which date from 1832 and 1847, spoken of in my two last annual reports is becoming more and more deserv- ing of your consideration as each year passes by. Halifax, N.S. — Vessels inspected, 233 ; 46,715 persons were inspected. Six vessels arrived with infectious disease. One death occurred at the station, from broacho-pneumonia secondary to measles. As I reported last year, the pressing wants of this station are the electric light- ing of the station, and the erection of a winter hospital as is now being done for St. John, N.B. St. John, N.B. — Vessels inspected, 204. Persons inspected, 20,596. Admissions to hospital, 37. Deaths, none. Persons vaccinated, 252. Owing to the increasing growth and importance of this port additional detention buildings, and a suitable winter hospital are being erected, and an acetylene gas plant is being installed. A deep water wharf continues to be the most pressing want of this station. Sydney, C.B. — Vessels inspected, 69. No infectious disease has reached this port this year. The wharf being now built at the Point Edward quarantine station will be a vakiable and much needed addition. « 'Loiiishourg, C.B. — Vessels inspected since the inauguration of this station in January last, 17; persons inspected, 422. This station will now require at least the minimum equipment of wharf, disinfeetor, and hospital on approximately the same scale as those at Sydney. Chatham, N.B. — Vessels inspected, 55. No infectious disease found during the year. Charlottetown, P.E.I. — Vessels inspected, 48. No infectious disease found during the year. In consequence of an outbreak of small-pox in Cape Breton, inspection of all vessels arriving from Pictou was carried out from April 7 to May 17 last. Some repairs were made to the hospital. The road leading to the station passes for some distance along the water's edge. The shore front is being worn away by the action of the waves, and on the other side the road is reported to be gradually encroached upon by the moving out of the fences .by the adjoining farmers. Between the two causes the road threatens to become impassible. The Department of Justice has been requested to look into the case for the Crown. Willmm Head, B.C. — Vessels inspected, 308. This is a smaller number than for some years past. This is due in part to the war in which Japan is engaged which has led to the fortnightly service of the Nippon Yusen Kaisha being discontinued as the vessels have had to go into the home transport service, and in part to the ever increas- ing size of modem vessels leading to the carrying of the same or even greater ton- nage in fewer bottoms. Persons inspected : cabin passengers, 10,439 ; steerage pas- sengers, 15,705; crews, 20,150; total, 46,294. Of the steerage passengers, 5,061 were PUBLIC HEALTH 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Chinese, and 2,745 were Japanese, other Asiatics numbering 417. Of the crews, 5,517 were Chinese, and 1,086 were Japanese. On account of the prevalence of plague in the ports of departure the special examination (including temperature and glandular regions) has been continued throughout the year. On three steamers cases of enteric fever were found, and three cases of beri-beri in the convalescent stage on a sailing vessel. Two suspicious cases were landed for observation and bacteriological examination and held until ascertained to be non- infectious. A new and suitable steamer to replace the Earl is one of the most pressing needs of this station. Towards this you have adready secured a partial preliminary appro- priation. Victoria, B.C. — ISTumber of foreign coasting vessels touching this port, 847 ; number inspected, 4. No infectious disease. Vancouver, B.C. — Vessels inspected, 7 ; no infectious disease. Temporary Frontier and Coast Inspection. — In addition to these regular stations, you have this year given the country the additional protection of extra inspecting ofB.cers at the following points, where peculiar threatening of small-pox, or the reported lack of effective health organizations, to the south of them, seemed to make the impor- tation of small-pox most to be feared : in Cape Breton, Louisbourg ; -in Nova Scotia, Yarmouth and Canso; in New Brunswick, McAdam Junction, Edmunston, Houlton (Debec Junction), and St. Stephen; in Ontario, Sault Ste. Marie, and Rainy Eiver; in Manitoba, Sprague, Morden, Crystal City, Killarney, and Deloraine; in British Columbia, Northport (for Rossland and Nelson), Grand Forks, and Greenwood. In addition, extra special inspections were temporarily made at Georgetown and Charlottetown, P.E.I., of vessels from Pictou on account of an outbreak of small-pox in Cape Breton; and at British Columbia ports of vessels from Alaska during a short outbreak of that same disease in Juneau and Ketchikan. The North-west Territories. — Small-pox in the Territories this year has been of a more severe type than in last year. Of the cases reported the same note as that of last year is to be repeated, that none were Mennonites, Galicians, or Doukhobors. Dr. James Patterson, your very efficient public health officer in the Territories, reports that during the last ten weeks he has not had a single new case reported and that he does not know of one case in the North-west Territories. He gives it as his opinion that the epidemic is at an end; for this season at least. The Yukon Territory. — There have not been any cases of the major infectious diseases during this year in this Territory. Leper Lazaretto, Tracadie, N.B. — There are now at this institution, 15 inmates, ten males and five females. One less than at this date last year. There have been four deaths during the twelve months and three new cases have been admitted. Four of the patients have lost their eyesight, one from repeated attacks of iritis, the others from leprous infiltration and ulceration. As referred to above under the heading of Leprosy the use of Chaulmoogra oil has been found very beneficial. .One patient aged 41, who came into the Lazaretto in 1878, is so far cured that he can safely be, and is, allowed to be out on leave of absence, under observation. Public WorTiS Health Act. — Your inspector reports that at all the very many cajnps in the various public works throughout the Dominion, he has found the med- 26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ical supervision, and the hospital accommodation given, the medicines provided and the sleeping quarters for the men when housed together or in tents to be equal to, if not an improvement on, the very good conditions reported last year. The year has been an exceptional one in the almost general absence of infec- tious disease amongst the men so employed. Your inspector submits two suggestions that have been made to him by local medical officers. First: that none but vaccinated men shall be employed on the pub- lic works of the Dominion ; and second : that contractors on such works shall be obliged to dig temporary wells where pure water cannot otherwise be obtained. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, F. MONTIZAMBERT, M.D.Ed., I.S.O., F.E.C.S.E., D.C.L., Director- General of Puhlic Health. Tlie Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ot\-wa. ITo. 2. (G. E. Martikeau, M.D.) Grosse Isle, Quebec, October 31, 1904. Sir, — 1 have the honour to submit this my annual report of the St. Lawrence quaran1;ine service to October 31, 1904. There were 352 vessels examined at this station during the year, being a decrease of 93 as compared with the year of 1903. This is due largely to the lateness of the opening of navigation, to a number of vessels clearing at Sydney and to the increased size of the vessels now in the St. Lawrence trade. Of the total number only 17 were sailing vessels. The total number of persons inspected was 70,111, being a decrease of 4,125 aii compared with last year. These were divided into the different classes of passengers as follows : First cabin, 2,487 ; second cabin, 10825 ; steerage, 32,272 ; cattlemen, 1,738 ; crew, 22,312 ; stowaways, 477; The number of stowaways while not as large as during last season still continues very great and the class as a rule are not what would pass the ipspection of the Immi- gration Department if they wcTe examined. Infectious disease was found or reported on the following vessels arriving at this station, named in the order of their arrival : ss. Lake Manitohaj Parisian^ Dominion, ISalacia, Sardinian, SouthtvarJc, Sicilian, Tugela, Tunisian, Kensington, Lake Cham- plain, Mount Temple, Canada, LaJce Erie, Vancouver, Montreal, Ionian, Corinthian, Monteagle, Halifax, Jeanara, Bavarian and Pomeranian. The diseases so discovered or reported were : small-pox, scarlet fever, measles, diphtheria, chicken-pox and typhoid fever. Small-pox. — SS. Salacia, Captain Mitchell, sailed from Glasgow on April 15 with 9 cabin passengers, 27 cattlemen, 43 crew and 9 stowaways, arrived at the station on May 3 with one cattleman ill with small-pox since April 22. PUBLIC HEALTH 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 That case was immediately removed to the small-pox hospital at quarantine. The captain having anchored his steamer near the station the rest of passengers and crew were landed for quarantine of observation. We tegan immediately the vaccination, the disinfection of baggage, clothes, bed- ding, &c. The disinfection of the steamer with sulphur, formaldehyde and bichloride of mercury being completed, she proceeded on the way upon May 1 with a new crew in charge of her. Two new cases of small-pox were developed among the crew on the following dates : one on the 11th and the other one on the 12th, these two cases were occupying on board the steamer the same cabin as the first case landed. Nearly all the crew proceeded to sea with ss. Salacia brought down to the station by another crew on May 15, and the rest of passengers and crew having completed their period of eighteen days for observation were released on May 22. All the cases of small-pox fully recovered, and they were discharged from the hospital at quarantine and left the station on May 22. On two occasions passengers refused to permit themselves to be vaccinated, al- though on several other occasions parties who had refused vaccination by the ship's surgeon consented to allow the quarantine oihcer to do so. The parties that refused vaccination arrived here on the ss. Pretorian, August 3, and on the ss. Lake Champlain, September 16. They were landed for the usual period of obsei*vation. The total number of admissions to the hospital was 237. The deaths numbered three, two from broncho-pneumonia, complication of measles,^ and one from heart failure. Quarantine Staff. — The Eimouski sub-station was this year in charge of Dr. E. Belisle, who made the inspection of the weekly mail steamers. Requwements and improvements. — I have to note with pleasure the fact that necessary steps have been taken so as to provide this station with a suitable second steamer for the next season, and also that a certain amount has been granted for a deep water wharf. When these two above requirements will be completed, it will bring Grosse Isle into the foremost rank of quarantine stations of the first class. The chief requirements now are a steam laundrying disinfecting apparatus for the hospital, so as to sterilize the contaminated linens, bedding, clothes, &c., and a new building to be erected in the upper division so as to have an office, a surgery, &c., in that part. There are still some other works, repairs, (Sic, absolutely necessary, the list of which is in the hands of the Department of Public Works and of our department. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, G. E. MAKTINEAU, M.D., Medical Superint(i;ndent, 8t. Lawrence Qitarant,-me Service. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. » 28 DEPABTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 No. 3. (N. E. Mackay, M.D., M.R.C.S.) Halifax, N.S., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of this station, for the year ended October 31, 1904. The quarantine work here was uneventful during the year just closed, there being none of the graver forms of disease broug'ht into port and only a few of the minor diseases. We inspected during the year 233 vessels; 1,905 cabin passengers"; 7,933 inter- mediate; 22,705 steerage; 361 cattlemen; and 13,810 crew; a total of 46,715 souls. Minor quarantipable diseases were found on board the following vessels : ss.Pre- torian, from Liverpool, December 28, 1903, a child sick with measles; ss. Laurentian, from Liverpool, January 5, 1904, one case of diphtheria; ss.Pallanza, from Hamburg, January 18, two cases of measles; ss. Ionian, from Liverpool, March 27, one case of measles; ss. Dominion, from Liverpool, March 28, two cases of measles, and the ss. Canada, from Liverpool, July 22, two cases of measles. The patients ex ss.Laurentian and ex ss. Pallanza were treated in the Infectious Disease Hospital in the city. For three months from about January 1, 1904, the eastern passage was frozen over, from a little below George's Island to the big wharf at the station, consequently communication was stopped by this route for the period mentioned. For this reason we were obliged to treat the patients above named in the city infectious hospital. The only way we could get to the station during this period was by going outside the harbour and round MacNab's island, but our boat is entirely too small to go outside the harbour in winter weather. All the other patients were treated as usual at the station. One death occurred at the station during the year — a patient ex ss. Pallanza — from broncho-pneumonia secondary to measles. The patient was in a moribimd con- dition when the vessel arrived in port. Two immigTants ex ss. Bavotrian refused vaccination. The following repairs and improvements were made during the year just closed : — The hydrants were put in good repair. It is to be hoped they will now withstand our winter frost. One third-class detention building was partitioned off into rooms for the better accommodation of immigrants. The first-class building was reshingled as was also the sulphur dioxide house, and the roof of the hospital was repaired and two rooms in it were fixed up nicely for the reception of cabin passengers. The foundation of the store-house was rebuilt and the inside of it ceiled and half of it shelved. Requirements. — We need an electric plant at the station for lighting the build- ings, and also a good new hospital with a capable steward and matron in charge of it who would keep it at all times in readiness for the reception of patients, as well as nurse the sick. A new steamer is urgently required with better accommodation for the crew and immigrants. The boat should be large enough to go outside the harbour and round MacNab's island to the station in winter weather. Indeed I may state that it is not safe to approach a large liner in motion with the boat we have, even in day time and with smooth water. PUBLIC HEALTH 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 I have again to report that inspecting vessels at night does not help the trade of the port in the least degree. We have been roused out of bed to board vessels in the stream after twelve at night on the plea that the owners wanted to begin- at once to discharge perishable freight, such as fruits, &c., only to find these vessels were not even docked at eight o'clock the following morning. I would recommend that a regu- lation be made limiting inspecting hours to from sunrise to sunset. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, N. E. MACKAY, M.D., M.E.C.S., Quarantine Officer. The Honourable The Minister of Agricrltiire, Oltawa. No. 4. (J. E. March, M.D.) St. John, N.B., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ending October 31, 1904. Although trade through this port is steadily increasing the average yearly increase for the past ten years being 68 per cent — there has been a large decrease during the past year in the number of vessels requiring quarantine inspection. This, I think, is accidental, and is due to the fact that, owing to the low rates prevailing for ocean tonnage, charterers have been able to find such vessels as they required largely within the district exempted from quarantine inspection — i.e. — at United States ports north of, and including New York. I have inspected during the year 204 vessels ; 13,168 passengers ; 7,428 members of crews, and have vaccinated 252 persons. Twenty-seven cases of measles, 7 of scarletina, 1 of diphtheria, 1 of erysipelas and 1 of pneimionia were treated in quarantine hospital. All recovered. The masters of arriving vessels reported deaths on board during the voyages as follows : ss. Lahe Erie, one death from heart failure, February 25 ; ss. LaJce Michigan, one suicide, by drowning, March 18 ; ss. Lalce Erie, one death from spasm of the glot- tis, April 9. The ss. Lake Manitoba reported one birth four days before arrival. Erom the mother, who was developing symptoms of septicaemia, I removed a partially adherent and wholly retained placenta. This case was sent to the General Public Hospital and recovered. vs ^ During the year contracts have been given out for the erection at this station of a winter hospital for forty beds, two detention buildings for steerage passengers, to accommodate 250 persons each; and a small brick building to contain an acetylene gas generator and gasometer. These buildings are now being erected. The hospital and gas-works will probably be ready J^y the beginning of the new year. The other buildings can hardly be ready before March, 1905. When they are completed we shall have comfortable accommodation for 1,200 persons. Under an agreement made a year ago between the Department of Public Works of Canada and the city of St. John, the latter laid a water main through and to the 30 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 foot of St. John street and around the southeastern angle of Fort Dufferin on the mainland to high water mark. This was completed early in September. At this point, under Fort Dufi'erin, the Department o£ Public Works was to make its corm^ection, lay the pipe across the west channel 3,800 feet to Partridge Island and put down the mains on the station to the several buildings. As yet nothing has been done in tliis direction. It is impossible for me to put too much stress upon the importance of completing this waterworks system. Without it any moment may demonstrate that all the money expended here in the erection of buildings and in providing equipment for the eradica- tion of quarantinable disease has been wasted. I respectfully ask again that the work be proceeded with even in the face of approaching winter. At the request of the Director-General of Public Health the Department of Public Works sent the dredge New Dominion to the station in September for the purpose of deepening the approach to the wharf. As you are aware we are not provided with such a wharf as we should have for quarantine purposes. Until the dredging was done not even a row-boat could get within one hundred feet of the wharf at low water. Now, however, as a result of the dredging, and, when a small low water landing, which the Department of Public Works has undertaken to construct at once, is completed, it will be possible to bring a small boat, barge or vessel drawing not more than three- and-a-half feet of water, to either the ' landing ' or ' wharf ' at any time of tide. This will be a great advantage to us as it will permit of landing the sick without transferring them from boat to boat and, eventually, out upon the beach as has been hitherto, at times, unfortunately necessary. I have already expressed my thanks to the officers of the Public Works Department who so promptly and satisfactorily made this improve- ment. The Question has arisen between the local Canadian inspector of immigration, and also the United States immigration officers stationed here during the winter months, and myself, as to whether it is my duty to take back into quarantine persons who have been inspected and passed by me, and who, later, while being detained in the immigration sheds at Sand Point, develop contagious disease. I have been unable to find anything in the Act which would justify me in meeting the wishes of these officers in this particular. I make my inspections carefully; see for myself each and every passenger; remove all cases of quarantinable disease, together with all known contacts and suspects — I refer now, of course, to the minor quarantinable diseases — and, after the completion of such disinfection as may be necessary or even during its progress — having taken every reasonable precaution to protect the public health — I issue pratique. If two or three days or a week later, a case of measles or scarletina or diphtheria develops among these people while detained in the immigration sheds, it is not one which, under our regulations, can be transferred to the maritime quarantine station merely because the officer of the department responsible for the detention — sometimes an officer of a foreign country — thinks that the quarantine station is the best place and the quarantine officer the best man to care for the case. The acceptance of such a case, in such a way by the quarantine officer, is, prima facie, an admission that he has not properly performed his duties in the first instance. Fortunately the regulations do not require him to so stultify himself. Were, however — and it is this which has prompted me to refer to the matter — were the control of the public health in Canada consolidated under one department, such cases as I have cited might properly and without prejudice be sent at once to the nearest hospital under public health control. At St. John, that would be to the quarantine station. This would at once relieve the immigration officers, whether Canadian or foreign, having these persons in charge, and also the steamship company which is now Ultimately compelled to pay for their removal and care, and, at the same time it would afford that promptness in removal and thoroughness in disinfection, and that care in treatment, which the people for economic reasons, and the patient for humanitarian ones should receive . Unfortun- PUBLIC HEALTH 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 ately, so far as our practice is concerned, the idea seems to be advanced tliat in public health a divided control is better than a sole control, and that a multitude of officers operating under different jurisdictions, having quite different objects in view, and necessarily employing different methods, is superior to a compact, disciplined and united corps. This is not, and cannot be, true. During the year ending to-day, 708 deaths occurred in the city of St. John. Of these, 128 were due to tuberculosis and of the 128 eleven were imported. In the United States they have scheduled tuberculosis as a quarantinable disease and require the disinfection of quarters occupied by consumptives before others are permitted to liv3 in them. I still look forward to the time when this shall become the practice in Canada. I desire to express my sincere thanks to the officers of your departraent for official and social courtesies extended to me during a brief visit to Ottawa in August. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. E. MAECH, M.D. Quarantine Officer: The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 5. (H. KiNDRESS, M.D.) North Sydney, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ended October 31, 1904. The total number of ships inspected for the year ended is 69 — 53 steamships and 16 sailing vessels. A fewer number of ships have been inspected at this port this year than any previous year since my appointment. I am glad to say that no quarantinable disease has reached here from any foreign port during the year. The wharf which is now being biult at Point Edward will be a valuable and much needed addition to the station there. The buildings are in good repair. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, HORACE EINDRESS, M.D., Quarantine Officer. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. . ' 32 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 No. 6. (F. O'Neil, M.D.) LouiSBURG, October 31, 1904. Sir, — ^I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report for the quarantine year ending October 31, 1904. I am pleased to say that there has been no case or cases of infectious or conta- gious disease. I have examined (since January 7, 1904, the date of the establishment of this station) 17 vessels with a total number of 422 men. I would beg leave to suggest that some provision be made to take care of any case or cases of contagious or infectious disease which might occur at any time. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, FKEEMAN O'NEIL, M.D., Quarantine Officer. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 7. (P. CojmoT, M.D.) Charlottetown^ P.E.I., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ending October 31, 1904. No quarantinable disease was brought to this port during the past year. Foreign vessels arriving here usually touch at some Canadian or other northern port which, under present regulations, is temporarily exempted from inspection. By reason of the prevalence of small-pox at Sydney, Cape Breton, inspection of all vessels arriving from Pictou during the continuance of the epidemic, was deemed necessary, and was carried out under instructions from the department. This inspec- tion began on April 7, and was continued till May 17. There were in all 48 inspections at this station during the past quarantine year. The hospital building has been thoroughly repaired, but repairs are still needed to the outbuildings with increased accommodation for storing, washing and disin- tecting. The roadway to the hospital along the shore front is much worn away by the action of the sea, and is also being gradually encroached upon by the continual mov- PUBLIC HEALTH 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 ing out of the adjoining fences. The road should be surveyed and made safely passable. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honour to be, sir, Yoiir obedient servant, PETER CONROY, M.D., Quarantine Officer. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 8. . (J. Macdonald, M.D.) Chatham, N.B., October 31, 1904. SiR^ — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ending October 31, 1904. The total number of vessels inspected at this port for the year just ended is fifty-five. The number is below the average, which is due to the fact that quite a number of our ships had to enter the ports of Louisbourg and Sydney early last spring on account of encountering heavy ice in the gulf. The caretaker's residence and hospital buildings are in good condition. An out- lay of about ,$25 or $30 has been incurred for a boathouse, which was required to keep our boat from the sun and weather during the winter months. The accounts for lumber, labour, etc., have not yet been handed in. I am pleased to state that no disease of an infectious character was found on any of the vessels inspected at this port. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. MACDONALD, M.D., Quarantine Officer. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. H'o. 9. (A. T. Watt, M.D.) Victoria, B.C., October 31, 1904. • Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my report on the William Head quaran- tine station for the year ending October 31, 1904. During the twelve months 308 vessels were inspected. This is a smaller number than has been inspected for some years past. The falling oS has been owing in part 15—3 . 34 ' DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 t: the war between Japan and Russia, as on this account the fortnightly service of the Nippon Yusen Kaisha was discontinued, the steamers going into the transport servic3 when hostilities commenced. The sale, last winter, of the fleet of steamers belong- ing to the Northern Pacific Company was another factor in the decrease. Thei-ie steamers were sold to a coasting company and ceased calling here after March last. Before the advent of the Empress liners, the steamers of this fleet were operated by the' Canadian Pacific Railway Steamship Company, and were therefore the firsit in the trans-Pacific trade to Canada. The steamers which are now to take their place have not yet reached here, althou^gh one of them, the Minnesota, is now on the way. This steamer is one of the largest freighters afloat, and will carry more than double thx3 cargo formerly carried by the whole fleet she is displacing. It may be said of all the steamers now in the trans-Paciiic trade that they avc- laige, modern vessels; and that bei-ng so, it can be understood that the quarantining and disinfecting of these large vessels is a proportionately gre ;ter undertaking, and that time-saving arrangements and a complete equipment are necessary to a station dealing with such vessels. It is, therefore, a matter for congratulation that liberal appropriations have been made for William Head station, with which many much needed improvements have recently been carried out or are under way. In regard to the number of passengers and crew inspected, the figures for them are : Cabin passengers, 10,439; steerage passengers, 15,705 (including stowaways) •. and of this number 5,061 were Chinese and 2,745 were Japanese, while other Asiatiwi numbered 417. The balance of steerage passengers were for the most part European." coming by boat from San Francisco. The members of crews numbered 20,150, and of these 5,517 were Chinese and 1,086 were Japanese. The routine disinfection of all steerage passengers from China and Japan and of the Asiatic members of crews has been carried out at the ports of embarkation, as was the case the previous year. On arrival here a special examination comprising inspection of glandular regions waa made in the case of all Asiatics, this being done in consequence of the presence of plague in several of the ports of the Orient. There has, however, been a very great improvement in the health, conditions of the various ports during the past season. The number of cases of plague in Hong Kong has been less than one-fourth of the average of several previous years. The number of cases which occurred last season was about 300. The cases of small-pox reported were few from all ports. No case of plague occurred on any steamer bound for here, and only on one steamer from China, thj C.P.R. ss. Athenian did small-pox break out. Small-pox, however, developed amongst a number of pilgrims being carried from Jedah to Singapore by the Ocean Steamship Company's steamer Calcas.. There were two cases, of which one ended fatally. The steamer underwent quarantine at Singapore, and had no further case.j on board. No cases of infectious disease were treated in the hospital here during the year. Two suspicious cases were landed for observation and bacteriological examination and held for some hours until ascertained to be non-contagious. On three steamers typhoid fever was found, but as the cases were being properly handled and cared for on board, they were not brought on shore for treatment. Three cases of beri-beri in convalescent stage were found on a sailing vessel from Manila, and a death occurring during the voyage was also attributable to this complaint. During the year three steamers were disinfected at the request of the Provincial Board of Health. These were the coasting steamers. Tees and Nell, each of which landed a case of small-pox at Port Simpson, and the C.P.R. ss. Athenian, owing to the discovery that a second cabin passenger, who had gone ashore at Vancouver, died from black small-pox. The diagnosis was made shortly before the man's death, and some hours after he had been in the hospital where he had been sent to recover from the effects of heavy drinking. The disease was of a malignant fulminating type, and death took place before the usual rash manifested itself. Dr. Anderson, assistant medical officer, who passed the vessel at quarantine, reports that he got a statement PUBLIC HEALTH 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 from the ship's officers of a case of small-pox having been landed in Kobe, the steamer being held there for disinfection in consequence. This was 18 days previous to arrival of Athenian here. In consideration of the disinfection as done by the Jap- anese authorities, and the period which had elapsed and the fact that all seemed well on inspection here, he gave pratique. The passenger in question was inspected wiih the others, and although he was slightly ailing at the time, this appeared to be from the effects of liquor. The ship's surgeon stated that he had had him under treatment for some days on that account, and because of constitutional disease. The case created considerable comment, but too much is usually expected from quaran- tine), and as against small-pox this can not be made entirely effective without too great an interference with travel and commerce. Another instance of how small-pox mdy pass through quarantine occurred with the ss. Senator^ from San Francisco, on which a mild case of the disease escaped detection and was discovered accidentally later in Seattle when the man was undergoing hospital treatment for an entirely dif- ferent complaint. This man, one of the firemen, had been on duty all the time and had not paid any attention to the slight rash afterwards found on him. This rash had been out some days from appearance of same, but was very sparse, and the hos- pital surgeon wrote that he could easily understand how so mild a case could escape detection in the examination which can ordinarily be given at quarantine, especially at night, as was the case when this vessel was passed. For some weeks during the past summer vessels clearing from Alaska were given special inspection owing to an outbreak of small-pox reported from there. Beyond tho first few cases, however, there was no further spread, and the inspection was dis- continued. No inspection has been necessary against the neighbouring states, as the cases of small-pox which were occurring there were few in number, and the menace wai not sufficient to warrant the examination of persons entering British Columbia at boundary points, as had previously been the case. Among the improvements during the yeai' were the straightening of the approach to disinfecting building and the connecting of this building back with the main whari so that the track for baggage cars could be carried, as it were, in a circle. This will greatly expedite the handling of baggage and clothes to be disinfected, and will prevent the possibility of those persons who have been through the bath mingling with those who have not. Another great improvement has been the filling in of an embankment along the shore and making a good road from the disinfection building over this to connect with the other roads in the grounds. Baggage and bedding which have been disinfected can now be taken in a cart to the various buildings. This formerly had to be carried on men's backs and was the cause of great complaint. The road connecting the station with the provincial government road has been greatly improved and grav- elled throughout its length. The water main has been partly renewed. A good deal of repair work has been done to the wharf, fender piles, &c., renewed. The foundations of the main hospital, steerage and saloon buildings have been repaired and covered with cement. The roof of the main hospital has been reshingled. Alterations in plumb- ing to prevent freezing were made at the main hospital. Some painting and some fencing were also done. A small storage battery was put in and the range lights indi- cating the quarantine anchorage are supplied from it after the hour when the electric plant shuts down. This battery is not very large, but it runs a few extra lights where they are most needed. It can be seen that it would be of great advantage if the capa- city were increased by another set of cells. A cottage being built for tlie electrician is nearing completion and the lumber is on the grounds for a house for the guards. Authority has just been obtained for more furnishings, bunks, &c., for various build- ings and also for several other needed improvements. These are not mentioned in detail as they cannot be carried out until the next quarantine year. It must be men- tioned, however, that an appropriation has been made for a new boarding and supply steamer for William Head station. This has been greatly needed and it is to be hoped it will soon be gone on with. 15— 3i 36 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The station was visited during the year by the Hon. the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, Mr. Prefontaine, the Director-General of Public Health, Dr. Montizambert, members of the Dominion Medical Association, and by Dr. Gumming, Passed-Assis- tant Surgeon, Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, who is the quarantine offi- cer at San Francsico. These and other visitors during the year expressed pleasure at the appearance of the station. The bacteriological report of my assistant is appended hereto. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient sen-ant, A. T. WATT, M.D., Supt. B.C. Quarantines. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 10. (W. H. K. Anderson, B.A., M.B.) Victoria, E.G., October 31, 1904. Sir,— I have the honour to submit the following annual report of the laboratory work at William Head for the quarantine year 1903-4. Two eases arrived during the year necessitating a bacteriological diagnosis — one a Japanese steerage passenger with an enlarged inguinal gland and one a passenger from San Francisco with a malarial history. Both cases proved to be non-quaran- tinable. Tests which were mads of two formaldehyde fumigators proved their efficacy. Much new apparatus has been installed and various germs have been studied and kept alive in subcultures as a routine. I have the honour to be, six*. Your obedient servant, HAROLD ANDEESON, B.A., M.B. Medical Assistant. The Superintendent of B. G. Quarantines, Victoria, B.G. No. 11. (R. L. Fraser, M.D.) Victoria, B.G., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I beg to submit my report for the year just ended. Niimber of foreign coasting vessels touching Victoria 84Y Number inspected 4 No contagious or quarantinable disease was found on any vessel inspected. PUBLIC HEALTH 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 During the year all coasting vessels touching here were exempt from inspection, except from June 20 to July 22, when owing to small-pox at Ketchikan, Alaska, ves- sels from there were ordered to be inspected. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, K. L. FEASER, M.D., Quarantine Officer. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 12. (L. N. MacKechnie, M.D.) Vancouver, B.C., October 31, 1904. 8m, — I have the honour to submit this my report for the year just ended. The number of vessels inspected was seven. ISTo case of infectious or contagious disease came under my inspection during the year. The steamer Athenian inspected at William Head arrived here May 25th carry- ing a passenger who died that day of what was first thought to be measles, and after- wards small-pox. The steamer was returned by the province to William Head for disinfection. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, L. Is\ MACKECHNIE, M.D., Quarantine Officer, Vancouver. The Honourable ' The Minister of xlgriculture, Ottawa. No. 13. (J. Patterson, M.D.) Winnipeg, November 1, 1904. Sir, — My monthly reports gave you the details of the varioi:is outbreaks of small- pox in the North-west Territories during the past year. This my annual report will therefore merely be a short summary. During the past twelve months the cases occurring at various points in the Terri- tories were : Indian Head, 2 ; Regina, 6 ; Verna, 3 ; Battleford, 7 ; Jack Eish Lake, 8 ; Wolsley, 3; Macleod, 1; Evarts. 1; Floating Stone, 8: Onion Lake, 4; Calgary, 38; Wetaskawin, 3; Rosenroll, 5; Edmonton, 11; Stony Plain, 4; Spruce Grove, 1; Em- peys, 2; Carstairs, 3; Cayley, 4; Medicine Hat, 6; Tregan-a, 5; Banff, 10; Langdon, 4; Swift Current, 2; Okotoks, 1, making a total of 149 cases. ■38 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Of these 149 cases only 6 were half-breeds, none were Mennonites, Galicians or Doukhobors. The type of the disease has been very much more severe than in former years. There was one death at Edmonton, two at Stony Plain, one at Rosenroll, one at Wetaskawin and three at Calgary. These died of confluent or hemorrhagic small-pox. The non-fatal cases were nearly all severe discrete or semi-confluent. The disease was introduced to the Edmonton district by an immigrant from Glas- gow and to Calgary by one from near Bay City, Michigan. At the last two places to which I was called, the outbreaks were clearly chicken-pox. Only children wera affected; there was an entire absence of all the initial symptoms and the recently suc- cessfully vaccinated had as copious eruptions as the unvaccinated. During the last ten weeks I have not had a single new case reported and to-day I do not know of one case in the North-west Territories. It appears to me that the epidemic is at an end; for this season at least. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, JAMES PATTERSON. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 14. (A. C. Smith, M.A., M.D., CM.) Tracadie, N.B., October 31, 1904. Sib, — I have the honour to submit my annual report as physician, &c., to the Tra- cadie Lazaretto. The register of the institution shows the names of fifteen inmates — ten males and five females. One of these, a man aged 41, has been for some time out on leave of absence. His case appears to be one of those rare ones in which leprosy undergoes spontaneous cure — the malady having run its course the effects alone remaining. I hold him under occasional observation. There are several stages of the disease, which are, however, often ill-defined^ Clas- sifying the lepers in the Lazaretto we may represent the number in the first stage to be six; in the second, seven; and in the third, one. The youngest patient is 10 and the oldest 62 years of age. There were four deaths during the past twelve months ; and three new cases were admitted — one from without the province. Of those on our register nine are of French, three of Icelandic, and three of English origin. Four of our lepers have lost their sight, one from repeated attacks of iritis, the others from ulcerations and leprous infiltration. Whenever practicable the patients are given light employment in and around the buildings. Some of the men go boat-sailing in the harbour. During the year chaulmoogra oil, in combination, has been freely used by the inmates and with very beneficial effects. Even in some advanced cases the effects of the oil are very marked, the patients becoming vigorous and expressing themselves as ' feeling better and much stronger.' At each periodical examination I find tubercles, and the blotches so characteristic of leprosy, disappearing. Erysipelas, and leproic fever, both accompaniments of the disease, and a source of much distress to our PUBLIC HEALTH 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 inmates in the past, are almost unknown since the introduction of the oil two years ago. During a recent tour of investigation through adjoining parishes I found one undoubted case of leprosy. This person has not yet been admitted. I also found three persons showing suspicious premonitory symptoms. Xotwithstanding this I have again to report that leprosy is rapidly decreasing here. The absolute number has become much reduced within the past few years, and the reduction in ratio to the population is still much greater. * For several years past, under an instruction from the Director-General of Public Health, I have been compiling a record from all available sources of the history of our lepers from the first known cases; the local conditions connected w'ith them; their origin, nativity, &c. As a result of careful investigation I become more and more convinced of the communicability of leprosy through contagion. I would cite one case from these records. A young woman whose father was leprous, and who herself developed the disease after marriage, had for some time in her employ a servant girL This girl married a young man who like herself was free from any family taint of leprosy. After her marriage she became leprous and, with her. husband, went to live in the same house wuth her husband's brother and his family. One of this brother'3 children afterwards became a leper, and four more of the children subsequently became affected and died in the Lazaretto. Had the disease been as promptly segregated then as is being done to-day, the parents would have been spared the distress of seeing five of their offspring leaving them, one by one, to die of a loathsome malady, away from their house. I had hoped to add to this report some photographs illustrative of leprosy in its different stages, and more especially of those under special treatment with chaul- moogra oil, but I have not yet been able to overcome the aversion our inmates have to being photographed. The State of Louisiana has recently erected a lazaretto for lepers, and an expert of the United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service has pronounced it ' the equal of any hospital for lepers in the world, and superior to all in equipment and the method of treatment, except that of Tracadie, province of New Brunswick, Canada.' I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, A. C. SMITH, M.A., M.D., CM. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 15. (Charles A. L. Fisher, J.P.) October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit this, my annual report as Public Works (Health) Inspector, to October 31, 1904. Since my last report I have again covered the Dominion from the Pacific to th« Atlantic oceans, and have personally inspected all public works coming under the application of the regulations in force under the Public Works (Health) Act, 1899, which have in any way been brought to my notice. 40 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The year has again been an exceptional one in the almost general non-appearance of contagious and infectious disease among the men employed on the various public worlvs coming under my inspection, there being only four cases of small-pox in ona of the railway camps, three developing in men having lately come from the United States, two cases of diphtheria in two camps, and about fifty cases of typhoid fever dis- tributed over the very many camps in the various public works throughout the Do- minion, these developing mainly where impure water had to be used. I am pleased to be able to again report that at the said works inspected, I found *he medical supervision given thereon, the hospital accommodation and medicines pro- vided, and the sleeping quarters for the men when housed together or in tents to be equal to, if not an improvement on the very good conditions reported last year. The following is a detailed report of the public works which I have visited and inspected dm'ing the past year, as coming under the regulations of the P\iblic Works (Health) Act, 1899 :— RAILWAYS. The number of public works of this class have not been as numerous as during th3 previous year, but the capacity of the most important ones has been very greatly increased and the construction camps so extended, that a largely increased average has been added to the railway mileage of Canada, and a greater tract of fine farming land opened out for settlement. Canadian Pacific Railway. — This company has had under construction in the past twelve months, seven branches, extensions, grade reductions, and diversions in the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, the North-west Territories and British Columbia, as against twelve in the previous year. Having visited all of said works in my ofiicial capacity, x am pleased to report that at such visits I found excellent hospital accommodation provided, the men com- fortably housed in buildings or tents, and well fed, the camps in good sanitary con- dition, and a duly qualified physician as medical supervisor over each section of camps. With one exception there has been no outbreak of contagious disease, and the health of the men has been generally good. I give below the extent and location of these seven various works. Sudbury -Tor onto Branch (Sudbury, Ont. to Byng Inlet, Ont., 60 miles.) — The coutractors for this work are Messrs. Eoley Bros., Larson and Company, with head offices at Wahnapitae, near Sudbury. About 1,500 men were employed, who were distributed over eighteen or twenty camps, and were boarded and housed in tents by the contractors. Up to the time of my inspection, the general health of the men had been good, and there had been no oytbreak of contagious or infectious diseases. I found the camps well situated, and in good sanitary condition. A very good hospital is established by the contractors at Romford, about five miles from their headquarters, and hospital tents are on hand at the various camps in case* of necessity. r. J. Ewing, M.D., the chief medical officer of all the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's construction works in Ontario and the North-west, has made his head- quarters with the contractors at Wahnapitae, and is the medical supervisor of the works, with one or more assistants. Fort William, Ignace and Rat Portage sections — (reduction of grades Fort Wil- liam to Winnipeg, Man.) — -The contractors for this work are Messrs. Foley Bros., Lai son & Company, with head-quarters at Rat-Portage, Ont. PUBLIC HEALTH 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 There were ovei' 1,000 men employed on this work, who were distributed over twelve camps, and boarded and lodged in tents, by the contractors. There had been very little sickness o£ any kind, and the health of the men was generally good. Tents were provided for isolation purposes, and the permanent hospital used was at Eat Portage, Ont. The medical officers over the works were Drs. Scovill and Gunne. Areola — Begina Extension — (113 miles). — This work was under contract to Messrs. Foley Bros., Larson & Company, with head-quarters at Eegina, Assa. The number of men employed was between three and four hundred, who were lodged in tents and supplied with the best of food by the contractors, there being four camps. The health of the men was exceptionally good, there being no cases of contagious or infectious diseases. Excellent permanent hospital acommodation was at hand at Eegina. J. A. Kane, M.D., was the resident medical officer in charge of the employees. Moosejaw — Swift Current Section — (Grade reductions). — This work was under contract to Messrs. Foley Bros., Larson & Company, with head-quarters at Morse, N.W.T. About four lumdred men were employed thereon at the time of my inspection, who were distributed over eight camps, but a large increase was to be made thereto, very shortly after, to complete the season's work. The health of the men was excellent, no serious sickness having occurred among them. There were a number of camps distributed along the section, at which the men where housed in tents, and boarded by the contractors, with the best of food well served. A very comfortable hospital, with a permanent attendant, was established at Morse, and the sanitary condition of the various camps was well looked after. A. E. Finley, M.D., was the medical supervisor of the camps, with head-quarters at Morse. Wetaslciwin-Lacomie Extensions — (Twenty-five miles each extension). — Messrs. Foley Bros., Larson & Company, contractors. Between 600 and 800 men were employed on these works, distributed among seven- teen camps, housed in tents, and boarded on the best food by the contractors. Four cases of small-pox developed in one of the camps on this work, three of these evidently imported from the United States, the fourth contracted in the camp by a man who was not vaccinated, and who died. Every precaution as to quarantine. &c., was carried out. The health of the men was generally good, and the sanitary condi- tion of the camps fairly well attended to. The permanent hospital at Calgary was used when necessary, and good hospital accommodation was provided at Wetaskiwin, and spare tents at the various camps. H. Y. Baldwin, M.D., with head-quarters at Wetaskiwin, was medical supervisor .of these works. Clanwilliam diversion. — (Mr. J. W. Stewart, contractor). — About 85 to 100 men en ployed, who were housed in tents and boarded by the contractors. The camps were in good sanitary condition, there had been no cases of contagious or infectious disease, and the health of the men had been generally good. Permanent hospital accommodation was provided at Eevelstoke, B.C., on the line of work. J. W. Cross, M.D. of Eevelstoke, was the medical supervisor of the work, but no report has come to hand from him. 42 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Pheasant Hills Extension — (This is a continuation of the branch mentioned in my last report as from Nendo rf to Jumping Deer Creek, being an extension thereof). — Messers. Foley Bros., Larson & Company, were the contractors for the grading, &c., the tracklaying being done by men employed by, and under the direct supervision of, the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. About 400 men were employed in all, and distributed over the various camps, which were kept in a good sanitary condition, the men being housed in tents, and sup- plied with good wholesome food by the contractors and the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. There had been no outbreak of contagious or infectious disease, and the health of the men had been generally good. Permanent hospital accommodation was provided at Moosomin, Assa., and tem- porary hospital tents on the branch. A. T. Condell, M.D., of Elkhorn, Man., was in charge as medical supervisor, assisted by Dr. Black. CANADIAN NORTHERN RAILWAY. This company has had under construction during the past twelve months, eleven extensions to their lines in Manitoba and the North-west Territories, as against four- teen in the previous year. Having visited and inspected each of the said works, I may say that I there found the regulations ixnder the Public Works (Health) Act, 1899, being fairly well carried out, the hospital accommodation being fully up to requirements, the men supplied with the very best of food, and comfortably housed, mostly in tents, the sleeping and dining quarters, and the various camps (with one exception) being kept in very good sanitary condition, and each of the works having medical supervision by a duly qualified medical officer, each of whom was under the charge of R. MacKenzie, M.D., and C. A. Mac- Kenzie, M.D., of Winnipeg, they being the chief medical ofiicers of all construction work of the Canadian Northern Railway Company, and these gentlemen gave me every possible assistance towards my making the necessary inspections. With the exception of a few cases of typhoid fever in some of the camps, there were no contagious or infectious diseases, and the general health and condition of the men were excellent. Grandview Extension — (From mileage 300 (White Sand River) to Lloydminster and Edmonton, Alta.). This is intended to be the main line of the Canadian Northern Railway Company, and the capacity of the staff and various gangs of men have been so largely increased since my last report, that through trains are likely to be running over it into Edmonton, by the latter part of next summer. The contractors for the grading thereof are Messrs. J. D. McArthur & Company, of Winnipeg, and for the tracklaying, Messrs. Robinson & Company. The work is divided into several sections, each of which is being carried on by sub-contractors. About 1,800 to 2,000 men in all were employed on the work, distributed throughout the several sections and the various camps thereof, comfortably housed in tents or lodging cars, and all well supplied with first class food by the contractors. There had been no outbreak of small-pox in any of the camps, and with some ex- ceptions, where there had been two deaths from typhoid fever (undoubtedly contracted from the water used) there had been no contagious or infectious diseases, and the general health of the men had been excellent. Good temporary hospital accommodation was supplied for each section, and hos- pital tents on hand in case of necessity. Five duly qualified physicians had medical supervision of the various sections at the time of my visit, viz. : Doctors Crosby, Wray, Lee, Mitchell and Snyder, since when D. B. Neely, M.D., has been added to the medical staff. PUBLIC HEALTH 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Erwood Division — (Ballasting line and tracklaying from about 40 miles north- west of Erwood to Melfort).— The tracklaying was being done by Messrs. MacKenzie and Mann, the grading work was under contract to Mr. Neil Keith. About two hun- dr.?d men were employed thereon, being housed in tents and lodging cars, and sup- plied with good substantial food by the contractors, and the camps and cars were kept in fairly good sanitary condition. There was no outbreak of contagious disease, and the health of the men had been generally good. An excellent building was provided at Erwood, and well fitted out for hospital purposes, and tents were on hand at the various camps in case of necessity. W. H. Scott, M.D., was in charge as medical supervisor up to about the time of my visit, and was then replaced by R. M. Oatway, M.D. Melfort Extension — (Grading from Melfort to Prince Albert, Sask.) — This work W.1S also under contract to Mr. Neil Keith ; the number of men employed was about 250, and the conditions given for the former sectioi;! apply hereto, with the exception that there were a couple of cases of typhoid fever in the camps. Dr. Oatway was in charge of this and the above section, as medical supervisor of both, but no report has reached me from him. Carberry — Brandon Branch — (Grading, &c.) — Contractors, Messrs. Cowan, Mac- Kenzie and A. R. Mann. From 100 to 200 men were employed on this work, housed in tents, and well boarded by the contractors. There had been no outbreak of con- tagious or infectious disease, with the exception of one case of typhoid fQver, and the health of the men had been of the best. Permanent hospital accommodation was provided for at Brandon, and tents were ready at the camps in case of necessity. The Sanitary conditions were fairly well attended to. Dr. Hazard, of Sidney, Man., was the medical supervisor of the work, but no report has come to hand from him. Hartney Branch. — Two to three hundred men were employed thereon, who were housed in tents, and well boarded. No contagious or infectious diseases developed, and the general health of the raen was good. Doctors Edraison of Dunrea and Bigelow of Hartney were the medical super- visors, but no report has been received from them. Portage la Prairie Branch. — A small body of men were employed for a short time finishing up the work of the previous year, and were well housed and boarded, and kept in the best of health under th© medical supervision of Dr. Hazard of Sidney, Man. Grunway Extension — (From Grunway to Wakopa, about 45 miles.) — This work was under contracj; to Mr. A. R. Mann, and was about completed at the time of my visit. About 150 men were employed thereon, and there had been several cases of typhoid fever, but the general health of the men had been good. Dr. Edmison of Dunrea, Man., was the medical supervisor of the work, but no report has been received from him. Hudson's Bay Branch — (Winnipeg to Oak Point.) — Messrs. MacKenzie, Mann & Co. were the contractors for this branch. About 100 men were employed in sur- facing for a short time, who were all well looked after by the contractors. There was one case of typhoid fever, which was sent to the St. Boniface hospital. Messrs. MacKenzie & MacKenzie, M.D.'s had the personal supervision of the men on this work. 44 DETARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Springfield Branch — (Winnipeg to Birds Hill). — Only a very few men were em- ployed here, all having good health, and being under the medical supervision of Doc- tors MaeKenzie, of Winnipeg. Sivan River Branch — (Grading from Swan Eiver to Thunder Hill, Man.). — This work was under contract to Messrs. Kennedy & Co. Only a small number of men were employed, who were well housed and boarded by the contractors, and there had been no outbreak of serious disease among them. G. Bruce, M.D., of Swan River, had medical supervision over the men, but their health and condition was so good, that he probably has not thought it necessary tft send me a report. Carman — Somerset Extension — (Grading from end of Carman Branch, to Somer- set.)— This work was under contract to Mr. Strevel. About two hundred men were employed thereon, who were comfortably lodged in tents, and well boarded by the contractor. No outbreak of contagious or infectious disease had occurred at the time of my visit, and the men had generally been in the best of health. Permanent hospital accommodation was arranged for at St. Boniface, and tents were kept at the camps in case of necessity. E. B. Anderson, M.D., was the medical supervisor of this work. Rosshnrn — Clanwiliiam Extension — (Grading line from end of dump to Ross- burn). — Messrs. McDonald & McWilliam were the contractors here. About three hundred to four hundred men were employed hereon, who were divided over the various camps, lodged in tents, and supplied with good substantial food, by the contractors. There had been no outbreak of contagious or infectious disease, with the excep- tion of five or six cases of typhoid fever, and the health of the men w^s generally good, but the sanitary condition of the camps was not what it ought to have been, and the chief medical officers of the company have promised to see to that in the future. Permanent hospital accommodation was provided for at St. Boniface, and tents were on hand at the camps for hospital use. H. W. McGill, was the medical supervisor of this work in the early part of the season, and was succeeded by Dr. Wray, but u) to the present no report has come to hand from either. Halifax and South Western Railway — (From Halifax to Barrington). — The pro- prietorship of this road is in the hands of Messrs. MaeKenzie, Mann & Co., of Toronto, and is about completed from Halifax to Liverpool, but as part of the construction has been done during the past twelve months, I report thereon, following with the report of the medical officer of each section. Chester Section — (Chester to Halifax). — This section was under contract to Mr. Angus Sinclair, C.E. A considerable number of men were employed thereon, who were well housed under sanitary conditions, and boarded on good substantial food. No outbreak of contagious disease had occurred in the camps, and the general health of the men was excellent. This section has now been completed. Doctors Hebe and Morse, of Chester, N.S., were the medical supervisors. Iluhhard's Cove Section — (Bridgewater to Mahone Bay). — This work was also under contract to Mr. Angus Sinclair, C.E. Quite a body of men were employed thereon, who were lodged and boarded by the coiitractor, in good shape, and the camps kept in sanitary condition. There had been no deaths nor contagious diseases. This section has now been completed. Thomas Verner, of Hubbards Cove, N.S,, was the medical supervisor. PUBLIC HEALTH 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Bridgewater Section — (From Bridgwater to Queen's County Line). — The Atlantic Contracting Company are the contractors for this work. From 150 to 200 men were employed thereon, all comfortably housed and well boarded by the contractors. There had been no contagious disease, and the general health of the men was good. The Marine Hospital at Lunenburg would be used in case of necessity. The section has now been completed. H. A. March, M.D., was the medr-cal supervisor of the men. Liverpool Section — (Queen's County Line to Liverpool). — The contractor for this section was The Atlantic Contracting Company. Two to three hundred men were employed thereon, housed in tents and boarded by the contractors. There had been no contagious diseases, and the general health of the men and condition of camps were good. This section was to be completed to Liverpool this fall. F. P. Smith, M.D., of Mill Village, was the medical officer in charge, but no report has been received from him for the past year's work. Middleton and Victoria Beach Railway — (From Middleton, N.S., to Victoria Beach, N.S., about 40 miles). — This road is being constructed by Messrs. MacKenzie, Mann & Co., of Toronto, and will connect at Middleton with the Halifax and South Western Railway. A considerable number of men were employed thereon, who were well housed and well fed by the contractors. The sanitary conditions of the camps were all that could be desired, the men keep- ing in the best of health as a rule, and no contagious disease having developed. Med- ical supervision was under the oiiarge of two local physicians. Intercolonial Railway — (Double tracking from Bedford to Windsor Junction, "N.S.). — Mr. Reid McManus is the contractor. There are three camps covering the work, two of them being occupied by Italians, who boarded themselves. The central camp is at Eocky Lake, and the men there are well housed and well looked after by the contractors. About 150 men were employed, the general health of whom was excellent, there being no contagious or infectious disease, with the exception of one case of diphtheria, and the sanitary condition of the camps was good. The work was to be completed this fall. Joseph J. Doyle, M.D., of Halifax, was the medical officer in charge of the men. Prince Edward Island Railway, Murray Harhour Branch — (Charlottetown to Murray Harbour). — This branch is being built by the Dominion government, and was just about completed at the time of my visit. Mr. Willard Kitchen is the contractor, with head-quarters at Murray River, P.E.I. Many of the men were living in their own homes, but the sanitary condition of all has been Avell looked after, and there has never been any contagious or infectious disease on the works. Lester Brehant, M.D., of Murray river, has had general medical supervision over the men, but no report thereon has been received from him. CANALS. The works of this kind carried on by the Dominion government, and coming under the application of the Public Works (Health) Act, were five. Galops Canal — (St. Lawrence river, west of Cardinal, Ont.). — Messrs. A. E. Cleveland & Co., are the contractors. 46 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 A considerable number of men were employed who were well housed, and boarded under the supervision of the contractors, and every sanitary precaution is taken in their interest. ■ J ! , The health of the men has always been good, and medical officers, and a permanent hospital, are within call by telephone. Balsam Lal-e Division of Trent Canal, section No. 2. — These works are near the village of Kirkfield, Ont. Messrs. Larkin & Sangster were the contractors. This work is about finished, only a very few men being employed, all of whom live in their own homes, but still have the supervision of J. MacKay, M.D., of Wood- ville, Ont., or his assistant. Balsam Lal-e Division of Trent Canad, section No. S. — These works are near Gamebridge, Ont., and Messrs. Brown & Aylmer are the contractors. Over 100 men are employed on this work, and are under the medical supervision of A. Grant, M.D., of Beaverton, Ont. Hospital accommodations were provided, and the health of the men, and sanitary condition of the camps, were good. Welland Canal — (Breakwater and rock excavation). — These works are at Port Colborne, Ont., and Messrs. Hogan and MacDonnell are the contractors. From 100 to 150 men were employed thereon; most of whom boarded and lodged in the neighbourhood. There had been no outbreak of disease on the works, and the health of the men had been good. Temporary hospital accommodation is at hand, but cases of serious accident or disease would be sent by rail to the hospital at St. Catharines by the con- tractors. The medical men of Port Colborne can be secured in a few minutes if necessary. St. Andrew's Rapids Canal — (Lock and dam). — Messrs. Kelly Bros. & Co., of Winnipeg, are the contractors. Very few men are employed thereon, there had been no outbreak of disease, the health of the men being generally good. Dr. Ross, of Selliirk, was the medical supervisor of the employees. BRIDGES. There are only two works of this kind being constructed, as far as I have been made aware. The Quebec bridge (from Quebec to Levis). The men employed live in their own homes, or board with surrounding families, and their health has been good, no contagious disease having broken out. Hospital accommodation and medical attendance is at hand in the city of Quebec. The Hillshorough Bridge. — This is being built by the Dominion government, from Charlottetown, P.E.I., and is to be the connecting link for- the Murray Harbour branch of the Prince Edward Island railway. Mr. M. J. Heney is the contractor. Quite a body of men were employed thereon, who were well lodged and boarded; their health has been good, and no contagious diseases have developed. Hospital accommodation and medical attendance is within easy reach at Charlottetown. OTHER PUBLIC WORKS, Breakwater, Despot Harbour, Ont. — (Rip-rap foundations and addition). — This work has been carried on by the Dominion government and is under contract to PUBLIC HEALTH , 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Messrs. Davis, Haney and Miller. There were comparatively few men employed thereon at the time of my visit, as the work is nearing completion. The camps being in a high and dry location, their sanitary condition was excel- lent. There had been no contagious or infectious diseases, the health of the employees was of the best, the sleeping and dining quarters clean and airy, and the food supplied good and well served. C. O'Gorman, M.D., of Depot Harbour, Ont., was the medical supervisor of the men and camps. High L^:vcl Doch and Dredging (at Sorel, P.Q.) — This work i.s being con- structed by the Dominion government and Messrs. McAuliff, Poupore, Malone and Weddell are the contractors. There are not a very large number of men employed and they live at their own homes, or board and lodge in the surrounding neighbour- hood, or on the dredges. No regular medical officer is necessarily employed, the same being obtainable in the town 6f Sorel, within a few miniites. The health of all has been g"ood. DocTc and Ice-hreakers — (City of Three Rivers). — This work was being con- structed by the Dominion government, and was under contract to Mr. Randolph Mac- donald. A considerable number of men were employed thereon, many of whom lived in their own homes, and the remainder were well looked after by the contractors. No contagious or infectious disease had occurred^ and the health of the men was of the best. A regular medical superWsor was not necessary, and, in case of necessity, the general hospital at Three Ri veers would be used. High Level Pier — (Montreal Harbour). — This work is being constructed by the Dominion government, under the supervision of the Montreal Harbour Board, and is under contract, to Messrs. Malone and Poupore. A considerable number of men are employed thereon, who live in their own homes or board out. The health of the men had been excellent, and no special medi- cal officer is employed, that and hospital accommodation being readily at hand in the city of Montreal. In closing this, my annual report for the past twelve months, I beg to say that it might be advisable to take under consideration the suggestion of Dr. Baldwin, of Wetaskiwin, Alta., as to the non-employment of iinvaccinated men on the public werks of the Dominion, and also the suggestion of D. B. Neely, M.D., of Humboldt, N.W.T., that contractors on such works be obliged to dig temporary wells, where pure water cannot otherwise be obtained, the use of impure water now being apparently the only cause of epidemics of various diseases on such works. I deem it a great pleasure to be able to again draw your attention to the general healthfulness and excellent condition of the men and camps on said works, and to the close attention given by companies and contractors in carrying out the Regulations of the Public Works (Health) Act, October, 1899. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, CHAS. A. L. FISHER, hispector. Tiie Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1905 HEALTH OF ANIMALS. EEPORT OF J. G. RUTHERFORD, VETERINARY DIRECTOR GENERAL. Ottawa, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to present my annual report as Veterinary Director Gen- eral for the Dominion. In that branch of the public service under my supervision, the year just passed has been one of great interest and activity. Considerable progress has been made in the work of organizing the veterinary sanitary service of your department on lines commensurate with the rapidly growing importance of the live stock interests of the Dominion. While there is still much to be done in this direction, I think I am safe in predicting that the maintenance, for two years more, of a rate of progress equal to that which has characterized the last twelve months, will place this branch in a position to challenge comparison with any similar organization elsewhere. The great economic value of veterinary preventive medicine is receiving each year more full and appreciative recognition by the governments of all civilized coun- tries, and it behooves us, living as we do, in a country rich in flocks and herds, to see that our system is modern and our service efficient. That you are fully alive to the importance of the work has been again demon- strated during the past year by the encouragement and endorsation which you have given to it, not only by your personal interest, but by obtaining from parliament addi- tional legislation and increased money appropriations. The public, and especially the stock-owners of Canada, are showing an awakened interest in the subject of animal health, and in most cases display an intelligent will- ingness to co-operate with our officers in the work of controlling and eradicating con- tagious disease. This appreciation of our efforts towards improvement has naturally had a most beneficial effect upon the whole service, and I am glad to be able to report that, with few exceptions, the members of the staff have shown great interest in the work and performed their various and often arduous duties in a most satisfactory manner. Much remains to be done before we can consider our machinery perfect, or, grant- ing that impossible, even as perfect as we can hope to make it, but it is gratifying to be able to note a distinct improvement over the conditions existing at the date of my last annual report. The drafting of new regulations and orders, some of which were naturally con- sequent on the passing of the revised Animal Contagious Diseases Act, in 1903, while many others were rendered necessary by circumstances arising, from time to time, to- gether with the constantly increasing correspondence and equally insistent executive detail of the office, have very fully occupied my time while in Ottawa during the past year. The exigencies of the work also rendered unavoidable a great deal of travelling, as shown by the fact that in addition to numerous journeys in Eastern Canada, I was compelled to visit the North-west four times since March last, on one occasion extend- 15^ 50 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ing the trip along the southsrn boundary of British Columbia and to Vancouver and Victoria. In all nearly three months were spent in the ranching country; the details of the work there done, will be found in those divisions of this report dealing with special subjects. Among the most important steps taken during the year, was the issuing on March 30 of a new order in council embodying carefully revised quarantine regulations re- garding the importation and exportation of animals and all matters pertaining thereto. This was rendered necesaary, not only by the passing of the new Act, but by the fact that the regulations previously in force were, in many cases, inapplicable to pre- sent conditions and lacking in some most important details. Supplemented by a min- isterial order placing certain much-needed restrictions on the importation of range horses from the Western States, these regulations have been found to work very satisfactorily. Slight revision from time to time, owing to constantly changing local conditions, especially in the west, will, of course, be unavoidable. The continued prevalence of glandsT-s in some districts, and the appearance of a "venereal diseases of horses in Alberta, rendered it necessary to ask parliament to amend the Animal Contagious Diseases Act, so as to permit of the payment of compensation for horses destroyed under certain circumstances. As you are aware, 'no opposition was offered to the amendment in question, which has therefore been embodied in the Act, and there marks a distinct advance in public sentiment on this question. The passage of the necessary contributory orders in council has also been obtained, and there is every reason to hope that this new departure will greatly simplify and accel- erate the eradication of those diseases on account of which it was made. As mentioned in my previous reports the system of inspecting stock for export to countries other than the United States was faulty, inasmuch as Canadian animals fchipped via United States ports were permitted to leave the Dominion without having undergone examination } y our officers. I am glad to say that this matter has now been adjusted, and that all Canadian animals intended for export to Europe or else- where outside this continent are now inspected before being permitted to leave this counti-y. Considerable progress has been made towards the improvement of quarantine facil- ities at St. John and Halifax, as well as at many points on the international boundary. A good deal more, hjwever, must be done before these very necessary accommodations can be looked upon as satisfactory. This subject is dealt with in detail on page 14. The Biological Laboratory connected with this branch has been found very useful in various ways. A considerable saving is now being effected owing to the fact that all the mallein required for our work is manufactured at this institution instead of being pur- chased in the United States. Much more can be done in the same line, in fact the laboratory can, I feel certain, be made financially self-sustaining to say nothing of enormously increasing its usefulness in other directions by a slight addition to the staff and the erection of the much needed stable recommended in former reports. With a view to remedying the first mentiond deficiency Dr. Stork, our inspector at Toronto 'has at my suggestion, taken r.p the study of Bacteriology. It is my intention to bring him to Ottawa as soon as suitable arrangements can be made. The report of Dr. Higgins at page 78 contains much interesting and valuable information. The establishment last year of the station at Antigonish where, under the super- vision of Dr. Pethick, there is being conducted a series of exhaustive experiments with a view to determining the exact nature and causes of Pictou cattle disease, has been fully justified by the results, even thus early obtained. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The full report of the experiments which is to be found at page 96 affords good ground for the hope that we will shortly be in a position to eliminate this peculiar malady from the list of diseases dealt with by this branch of your department. Very few changes have been made in the personnel of the staff during the past year. Dr. Moore is still at head-quarters where he continues to perform much important work in an eminently satisfactory manner. In Ontario one additional inspector has been added to the regular staff, viz., Pr. Philps of Wallaceburg, who has been engaged under Dr. Perdue in dealing with hog cholera in the quarantined area and in the inspection of hogs shipped therefrom. In Quebec no new appointments have been made. Dr. Whyte who was last year employed in Ontario has, however, been located in Sherbrooke which is one of our new quarantine stations and where he is almost constantly engaged in dealing with out- breaks of disease in the surrounding counties. In Prince Edward Island, Dr. F. S. McDonald of Souris has been appointed an inspector principally for the purpose of dealing with Pictou cattle disease which malady has unfortunately made its appearance on the island; he is remunerated by fees. In Manitoba, the occurrence of a few outbreaks of mange introduced by range ■ horses has rendered necessary the appointment of several additional inspectors who, however, are paid by fees, their employment being of a temporary nature. In this province, glanders has hitherto been dealt with by the provincial author- ities, but in view of conditions there as compared with the rest of the Dominion, I would strongly recommend that an understanding be reached as soon as possible far the transference of the work to this branch. The resignation of Dr. Hopkins in January last necessitated some re-adjustment of positions in British Columbia. It was fortunately possible to secure, by co-oper- ation with the provincial authorities, the services of Dr. Tolmie of Victoria, as chief inspector for the province. Dr. Tolmie's high professional attainments and wide experience of live stock matters in British Columbia make him a most valuable addi- tion to our staff while the tenns on which he is engaged are such as to render the arrangement one of mutual advantage to this department and to the government of the province. A considerable increase has recently taken place in the number of animals imported at Midway and other points in the Boundary district. This is largely owing to the im- proved facilities offered to immigrants and others for shipment to Alberta and other points in the North-west Territories by way of the Crows ISTest Pass Railway. In order therefore to prevent the introduction of disease, I deemed it advisable to again appoint an Inspector to guard the boundary in this district. Accordingly, Dr. C. M. Henderson was in January last, stationed at Greenwood and the Customs officers at ports of entry were instructed to utilize his services in all cases where in- spection is necessary. In this connection I may say that from information gained on my recent trip through this district, it will be necesary before nest season, to station another veter- inary inspector at Osoyoos as vnder existing conditions a considerable area of country is left without adequate protection from the introduction of disease by imported stock. Dr. S. Hadwen of Duncan's, B.C., was, in June, appointed an inspector at Nelson, B.C., the services of the officer formerly stationed there having been dispensed with. In the North-west Territories it has been found necessar3^ to considerably extend the operations of the branch, and consequently, a number of new men have been en- rolled in the Royal North-west Mounted Police as veterinary staff sergeants. These additions bring the number of these officers in the force up to eighteen, including two now stationed in Yukon Territory. Eight of these are maintained by the police, while for each of the other ten, a sum of $2 per day is transferred from the 15—41 52 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 vote of this branoli to that of the force. An allowance of $200 per annum is also paid from the funds of this branch to every veterinary staff sergeant on the list, except those stationed in Yukon Territory who, owing to extra living expenses there, receive $500. On representations made by the Commissioner, who last spring, pointed out that much extra work was imposed upon officers commanding districts by their having to oversee and report on the work of this branch, you authorized the payment from July 1, 1904, to each of these gentlemen, seven in all, of an equal annual bonus of $200. On similar grounds the allowance hitherto paid to the Commissioner himself, has been increased to $800, while the Assistant Commissioner in Yukon Territory receives $250 per annum. The allowance heretofore made to Inspector Burnett, Chief Veterinary Officer of the force, has b?en raised to $600, on the understanding that he is to be stationed at Regina and exercise a general professional supervision over our work in the North-west Territories. Several veterinarians have been temporarily employed as inspectors during the period set aside for the compulsory treatment of cattle in the district quarantined on account of cattle Mange. I need not point out that these changes involve a very considerable increase in expenditure which is, in this part of Canada, still further augmented by the special measures rendered necessary for the eradication of disease, by the payment of com- pensation for horses and by the provision of needed quarantine premises. I am, how- ever, convinced that these outlays are in every way justifiable and that they will eventually prove to be in the best interests not only of the North-west, but of the whole Dominion. The enormous extent of the territory and the conditions under which animals are kept render it a matter of extreme difficulty to obtain and maintain an effective control of any contagious disease which may find a foothold. Proof of this statement is, unfortunately, not wanting at the present time and it is only by the adoption and maintenance of the most energetic and systematic measures that we can hope to achieve the eradication of the maladies already existing and prevent the introduction of others. The duties performed by our inspectors in the North-west Territories are fre- quently of a most arduous character, involving long journeys and especially in winter, fatigue and exposure. The reports sent in by some of these officers reveal the performance of an extra- ordinary amount of hard work. Where all have done well, it would be invidious to select individuals for special mention, although were it not for this consideration there are several names on the list which I would be glad to distinguish in this way. HOG CHOLERA. I am pleased to be able to report a well-marked decrease in the number of out- breaks of hog cholera. The stringent measures adopted two years ago and the care bestowed upon carry- ing them out in detail, have brought about most gratifying results. Had it not been for the occurrence of a series of comparatively small outbreaks in British Columba, the figures for the year just past would have presented an even more favourable con- trast to those of the preceding twelve months than they do. So far as Ontario is concerned, it is interesting to note that not only have our efforts to confine the disease to the area quarantined in the three south-western coun- ties, been more successful than ever before, but that even within that area its ravages have been greatly lessened. This state of affairs is, without doubt, largely due to the systematic policy now being followed with the view of preventing the spread of contagion not only from the infected district to outside points, but from infected farms to those in the vicinity. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A number of experienced salaried inspectors are kept on duty within the quaran- tined area with instructions to give immediate attention to any outbreak which may be reported to them, as also to keep close watch on all farms in the vicinity of such outbreaks. On receipt of a report of the appearance of disease among hogs an investigation is at once made, and if cholera is found to exist, all the hogs on the premises are, as a general rule, promptly slaughtered, and the carcasses destroyed. If the circumstances are such as to warrant the inspector in permitting the keeping alive of healthy hogs which have not been in actual contact with the disease, be has authority to do so, pro- vided that such hogs are afterwards slaughtered on the premises, but no hog can, under any circumstances, be removed alive from a quarantined farm or other place. Simi- larly hogs which show no signs of disease, may, if fit, be slaughtered for food purposes even when they have been in contact with animals suSering from the disease. Quarantined premises must be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected to the satis- faction of our insx)ectors before they can be released or any fresh hogs brought to or kept thereon. Until August of this year, compensation was paid for all hogs slaughtered, except those referred to above as being killed for food, at the rate of one-third of the actual value for*those 'actually diseased, and three-fourths of the actual value for those in contact but not diseased. In virtue of the amendment to the Animal Contagious Diseases Act, made last session, the compensation now paid is at the rate of two-thirds of the actual value for all hogs slaughtered, whether diseased or in contact. This change lessens to a considerable extent the posibility of friction between the inspector and the owner of the diseased hogs, as it leaves no room for dispute as to whther the animals dealt with are actually diseased or not. The disease being still very prevalent in the fall of last year, I deemed it advis- able, as soon as the weather became cold enough for the safe shipment of dressed pork, to forbid the movement of live hogs from the quarantined area, and an order to this effect was therefore issued on November 1. This action gave rise to some irritation among the residents of the district under restriction, necessitating several personal visits and a good deal of explanatory corre- spondence. I also made arrangements for the delivery at Farmers' Institute meetings of addresses on the subject of hog cholera by Dr. Perdue and the other regular inspec- tors in the quarantined area. These addresses were highly appreciated by the farmers and the benefit arising from them was so apparent that a number of special meetings were held at which the subject was fully ventilated and free discussion invited. The result of these appeals to the intelligence and public spirit of the community was most gratifying, and no further difficulty was experienced in carrying out the regulations. With the advent of warm weather, it wa^. thought best to rela:^ the quarantine so far as to permit the shipment, under certain definite conditions, of fat hogs con- signed to slaughter houses and packing houses for immediate slaughter, a renewal of the policy pursued during the summer of 1903. This provision came into force on March 15, and from that date up to the present 286 cars, containing 24,143 hogs, have been inspected and passed by our officers. A duplicate of each certificate issued is mailed by the inspector to this office immediately after the inspection is concluded, and steps are then taken to have the car indicated thoroughly cleansed and disinfected immediately after being unloaded and before its return to ordinary traffic. I am of the opinion that our strict observation of this detail is largely responsible for the notable diminution this year of mysterious outbreaks in other parts of the country. I am not at all satisfied with the conditions under which the heavy transit trade in American hogs across the Western peninsula of Ontario is carried on. It appears 54 DEPARTMENT OF AdRlCL'LTHRE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 to me to be something more than a mere coincidence that the great majority of out- breaks occur in close proximity to the railway lines, making a specialty of this traffic. During the past year, as also in 1903, considerable attenion has been given to the con- dition of cars conveying hogs entering Canada at Windsor and Sarnia. It is how- ever, quite impossible to safe-guard the trade in this way alone. Droppings from hog ears are distributed all along the track even under ordinary conditions, while the practice followed in hot weather of drenching the loaded cars with water is a mos^ effective means of distributing disease germs, should any exist, over large areas of farming country. The excreta deposited on the track can easily be conveyed to Cana- dian hog-pens by the boots of men, by dogs, birds or other animals, and an outbreak may thus be easily brought about entirely without direct contact. As a possible instance of infection arising from this source, I quote the following from a recent report by one of our inspectors : — 'I visited the farm to-day and found twenty hogs, ten of which were showingj, very well marked symptoms of cholera. I commenced slaughtering, on post-mortem examination the ulcerations of intestines were very prominent, in some cases the Ixmgs were affected. I had all hogs destroyed and buried six feet deep and covered with quick lime. The attack is of an acute character, and I think possibly contracted from hoga passing through by rail on the Michigan Central Railway. Long train loads of hoga go over that line nearly every day and sometimes stop at the siding near the farm barns for a long time to let trains pass by. I cannot conceive how the disease could otherwise be communicated, as there have been no new hogs brought on the farm for a length of time, and no other cases of cholera within six miles, and that some time ago.' Again, as stated above, several outbreaks of hog cholera have, during the summer, occurred in British Columbia. In every case but one, the disease was traced to hogs shipped from or via Calgary. Careful inquiry conducted by myself personally, a& well as by other officers, has failed to discover any trace of hog cholera either in the Calgary district or in any of the various localities in which the infected hogs origin- ated. In March last, however, the Canadian Pacific Railway authorities notified me that they intended to bring a train load of American hogs through Canadian territory from North Portal to Sumas, B.C., en route to Seattle, and asked for permission to unload and feed at some convenient point. Authority was granted to unload at Medi- cine Hat, and instructions were sent to Dr. Hargrave, our inspector there, to superin- tend the operation and see to the after cleansing and disinfection of the yards. Dr. Hargrave reported that the train went through without stopping and that those in charge had decided not to unload in Canada. This ■ apparently closed the incident, and I was therefore much surprised to find,. on visiting Calgary in April, that the hogs in question had been unloaded there and that a considerable nimiber of them were dead on arrival, while others had died in the yards. Inquiry brought out- the fact that the upper decks in three cars had broken down, with of course disastrous consequences, the unloading being therefore a work of necessity and mercy. No doubt many of the hogs were smothered or otherwise mortally injured through the accident of the broken decks, but it is certainly a striking coin- cidence that almost immediately afterwards cholera began to make its appearance in hogs shipped through these yards to points in British Columbia as far apart as Green- wood and Victoria. This incident, while furnishing no direct evidence, constitutes, in my opinion, a strong argument in favour of the exercise of extreme caution in the handling of American transit hogs. The fact that the unloading of these hogs at Calgary was never reported to the department shows the necessity for a more thorough and effective supervision of stock HEALTH OF ANIMALS 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 yards and railway traffic generally than has hitherto been possible with the staff at my disposal. . Before leaving the subject I have much pleasure in reporting that the new regu- lations .passed in March, last, providing for the inspection of hogs imported from tho IJnited States and the certification and quarantining of all those not consigned for immediate slaughter are now being systematically enforced and that the slight fric- tion induced thereby has entirely disapneared. I append a statement showing the number and location of the outbreaks of hog cholera which have occuned during the past twelve months. Number of Farms Quarantined for Hog Cholera, Twelve Months, ended Oct. 31, 1904. Province. County or District. Township. No. of Farms. Esse.x Colchester South Gosfield South Rochester. - 8 2 2 Sandwich East 2 Kent Tilbury West and North Chatham .. . Dover 18 2 28 Harwich 29 Howard - Raleigh Tilbury East Dawn 1 " 3 11 Lambton Middlesex Wentworth 5 Enniskillen 1 Mooi-e Sarnia 1 1 1 1 2 Niagara Falls District Sudbury District . 2 1 Quebec 2 1 27 Total 151 TUBERCULOSIS. No new developments regarding this disease have been noted during the past year. The policy of testing in quarantine all cattle coming from countries other than the United States as also those originating in the last named country, when imported for breeding purposes or milk production, has been consistently followed, and appears to be working satisfactorily to all concerned. All cattle reacting to the tuberculin test, when applied by our officers or by other veterinarians acting under the control of the department, are now permanently ear- marked. The mark chosen for that purpose, viz. : — a large ' T ' cut out of the right ear, is becoming well known throughout the Dominion and I am satisfied that this system will be, in itself, the means of disseminating much usefxvl knowledge regard- ing the disease among breeders and stockmen. The Koyal Commission appointed in Britain to investigate the question of the transmissibility of bovine tuberculosis to the human species, has published an in- terim report which, as was fully expected by all those having any practical experience of the subject, shows that the two diseases are practically identical, and that Dr. Koch's contention to the contrary was not well founded. 56 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 1905 That public interest in this subject has not been adversely affected by the alter- ation of the departmental policy regarding it, is shown by the fact that 2,649 doses of tuberculin have been sent out this year, as compared with 2,391 doses in the pre- ceding twelve months, and this in spite of the fact that the number of cattle tested for export to the United States has been considerably less. There is no doubt that the dissemination of practical information regarding the nature of bovine tuberculosis, the contributory causes which lead to its prevalence under certain circumstances, and the best methods of preventing its spread, is having a well marked effect on the public mind and that a sound and healthy opinion on the subject is being gradually formed. Veiy. few intelligent breeders now care to admit the existence of tuberculosis among their stock, and as under the methods now fol- lowed by the department it is scarcely possible for them to conceal its presence from our officers, the majority are adopting measures for its elimination. During the year, there were tested for export, 427 head of Canadian cattle, of which number 36 reacted. Of those imported from Europe and tested in quarantine, 191 in number, 52 re- acted, and were earmarked and listed. Of other cattle there were tested 490, of which 96 were found to react. It must not be forgotten, however, that the herds comprising the animals last men- tioned were almost all suspected of being tuberculous, the test being asked for on that account. GLANDERS. In those parts of the Dominion where glanders exists, the efforts of a number of our inspectors have been almost exclusively directed to the carrying out of measures for its control and eradication. The energetic policy adopted in 1902, of dealing promptly and thoroughly with every outbreak of glanders discovered in any part of Canada, with the sole exception of Manitoba where this disease is still left to the provincial authorities, has naturally resulted in the bringing to light of many centres of infection previously unsuspected. Notably is this the case in the North-west Terri- tories, in the country surrounding Ottawa, and in some districts in the province of Quebec. In these localities the disease has evidently been in existence for a considerable time as evidenced by the number of cases discovered by our inspectors. Lack of in- formation as to its true nature has been largely instrumental in spreading the con- tagion, with the result that it is now found in a great many different localities. It is providential that the climate of Canada is, in a marked degree, unfavourable to the spread of diseases of this class as otherwise the conditions, now existing, would be very much more serious than they are. Glanders, however, is under any circumstances, a malady in dealing with which slackness is unpardonable and therefore every possible effort is being made to stamp it out wherever found. ' The system followed for the yast two years of testing with mallein all contact horses and, after destroying clinical cases, isolating and retesting those which react in the first instance, has received a fair and thorough trial, no pains having been spared in carrying out the details, irksome and laborious as they unquestionably are. In spite of the difficulties surrounding its actual operation, this system has much to recommend it, and could, in my opinion, be successfully operated under circum- stances which would permit of a close professional supervision of the reacting animals, especially if there were an accompanying provision for the payment of compensation for horses which after a reasonable time iieither ceased to react nor developed clinical symptoms. In a ' country of magnificent distances ' such as Canada, however, there is a most undesirable element of risk inseparable from leaving reactors alive for any great HEALTH OF ANIMALS 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 length of time, it being practically impossible to accord to them that watchful care which is the only guarantee of even approximate safety in dealing with horses infected with glanders. That this risk existed, I was well aware from the beginning, but, owing to the non-existence of any provision for compensation, I was glad to adopt any policy rather than that formerly followed, which entailed either the complete ignoring of contact horses or the slaughter without compensation of reacting horses, showing ab- solutely no external evidence of disease. l^eedless to say, the former was the course almost invariably followed, with the result that glanders was continually being disseminated by the sale and movement of contact horses. This branch of your department was, I think, the first among similar organizations to inaugurate officially, a systematic policy of testing repeatedly all horses found in contact or to have been in contact with clinical cases of glanders. After two years' experience, I am satisfied that the results do not justify us iu pursuing it any longer. It is my intention shortly to publish a complete report covering the whole period during which the retesting system was in force. In this report will be included full details of our experience, together with all available statistics as to the proportion of horses ceasing to react and the greatly varying periods at which this result was effected. Meanwhile, I may state that during the year ending October 31, 219 horses were destroyed on inspection, and 1,387 horses were tested, of which 280 were destroyed, while 420 were reserved to be retested. In this same period, 164 horses ceased to react, but of these, a considerable portion were carried over from the previous year. I am satisfied that our work in the future will be much more effective, in view of the fact that through your appreciation of the importance of controlling this dan- gerous disease, and the intelligent generosity of parliament, we have been enabled to advance instead of retreating. By the amending last session of the compensation clause of the Animal Conta- gious Diseases Act and by the passing of the contributoiy glanders order of September 19, a copy of which is printed herewith, it has been rendered possible to make a long forward step in the direction of eradicating glanders. Under the new -regulations, clinical cases of glanders are destroyed without com- pensation, and all contact horses are tested as heretofore, but for such of the latter as react and are killed without showing clinical symptoms, compensation at the rate of two-thirds of the actual value can now be paid. The order contains a provision that, should the owner prefer it, inspectors may isolate and retest reactors, such rctests to be made at the owner's expense, and with the distinct proviso that if clinical symptoms develop, the animals will be destroyed with- out compensation. These regulations have been in force for too short a time to warrant me in giving an opinion as to their practical application, but I am convinced that they will prove much more satisfactory than any plan yet tried in Canada, or, for that matter, any- where else. There is no doubt that they would be more favourably regarded by horse- owners if they contained a provision for the payment of compensation even at a re- duced rate, for clinical cases. It should be remembered, however, that a clinical case is not only of no actual value, but is a constant source of danger to all other horses- as well 'as to its owner, his family and any other human beings who may, directly or indirectly, come in contact with the contagion. On the other hand, as proved by our figures, many horses which react to mallein, eventually cease to show even that evidence of disease, while others, although continu- ing to react, do not, for a long time, develop any external symptoms, but maintain a healthy appeal ance and continue in good working condition. To destroy such animals without paying compensation is undoubtedly to inflict a serious hardship on the owner, while to let them pass out of control to, in all likeli- 58 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 hood, develop acute glanders at some future time and in the hands of some unsuspect- ing purchaser, is an alternative, repugnant in the extreme, to any right thinking professional man. The present regulations render such risks unnecessary and will, I think, be found most helpfiil in oiir eiiorts to eradicate the disease. The expense for some time, will undoubtedly be heavy, but in the long run the new policy, if honestly and faithfully carried out will, I am certain, prove incompar- ably more economical than any less thorough method of combating this insidious and destructive malady. That an active campaign is called for is shown by the following figures : — Horses tested 1,387 Reacted - 420 Ceased reactors 164 Destroyed on inspection 219 " as i-eactors, although not showing clinical symptoms 27 " showing clinical symptoms at first test 253 Ontario. Ottawa city and vicinity 1() Prescott i Middlesex. 1 Ontario 2 Cardwell 3 Peel 1 Renfrew 5 Wellington 5 Russell '. 2 Grey 2 Haldimand T , 1 Markham >. 2 35 Quebec. Quebec 1 Wright 10 Pontiac 15 Dorchester. 1 Labelle 1 Richmond 5 Ste. Hyacinthe 6 Drummond 1 Vercheres 3 Bagot 5 Nicolet 5 Sherbrooke 1 Vaudreuil 1 55 HEALTH OF ANIMALS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 North-west Territories. Eegina district 218 Calgary district 42 Prince Albert and Battleford district 95 Fort Saskatchewan district 26 Medicine Hat district 23 404 59 British Columhia 2 YuJc07V 3 SUMMARY. Ontario 35 Quebec 55 North-west Territories 404 British Columbia 2 Yukon 3 499 PICTOU CATTLE DISEASE. Since the date of my last report, considerable progress has been made in the direc- tion of determinating the true nature and causes of this remarkable malady. Although for many years considered by my predecessor a contagious disease, and dealt with on that basis, there has always existed a firm and widespread belief among the residents of the infected area that it was due, in some way or other, to the inges- tion of the weed known as ' Senecio Jacobea,' ' ragwort,' or as it is locally termed in Xova Scotia, ' Stinking Willie.' During recent years, investigations carried on by Dr. Gilruth, Pathologist to the government of IS^ew Zealand, have practically demonstrated that the belief above re- ferred to is well founded and that the disease, so far from being contagious, is caused by eating the plant in question. The malady, which is a specific cirrhosis of the liver, was found to exist in New Zealand under exactly similar conditions to those accompanying its appearance in Xova Scotia, viz. : — within definite areas in which the ragwort was found in profusion. After a. series of tentative experiments. Dr. Gilruth has at last expressed defin- itely his opinion that the weed is to be considered the sole cause of the abnormal conditions produed in animals feeding in districts where it prevails to any consider- able extent, and which conditions constitute the malady known in Canada as ' Pictou Cattle Disease.' Although as stated above, this theory is strictly in accordance with the views of the majority of those residents of the Nova Scotia counties affected by its ravages, the lack of absolute certainty as to the identity of the New Zealand disease, and that found in Canada, taken in conjunction with the fact that experiments conducted a number of years ago by my predecessor in office had been considered conclusive proof to the contrary, I deemed it advisable to arrange for an exhaustive trial of the whole question. I, therefore, with yowr approval, established last year in the infected area, an Experiment Station, by leasing at Cloverville, near Antigonish, a farm of 200 acres, on which the disease had frequently made its appearance in a severe form. After the erection of suitable buildings, and the completing of other necessary arrange- 60 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ments, 34 cattle were purchased, all of which, except four, were obtained in districts well outside of the area known to be infected. These cattle were divided into two main lots each containing 16 head, the other two being used for a special experiment, as will be shown later. Sixteen head, including four purchased within the infected area, which I may add were the property of the owner of the station, were housed in an old stable in which no fewer than 36 cattle had previously succumbed to Pictou Cattle Disease. This lot of 16 was entirely fed on food brought from the province of Quebec. Four head received a full allowance of hay with a liberal ration of grain, four, a liberal allow- ance of hay with a comparatively small grain ration, four a liberal allowance of hay without grain, and four a limited allowance of hay without grain, the latter being the usual manner in which ordinary cattle are wintered in the counties of Pictou and Antigonish. Among these 16 cattle, no cases of the disease have occurred up to the present time, although by using a small isolated stable, a number of them have been brought into direct contact with acute cases of the malady purposely brought on to the pre- mises with a view to ascertaining whether or not the disease is transmissible in that way. The o'ther 18 head were housed in an entirely new stable specially erected at a considerable distance from that already mentioned. Sixteen of them wei-e divided into lots of four each, and treated as regards rations in an exactly similar way to those kept in the old. stable except that the hay fed to them contained a considerable proportion of the dried stalks and leaves of Senecio Jacobea, no pains having been taken to remove this weed, as is invariably done by the more intelligent farmers of the district. The result of this experiment is interesting, as three of the animals engaged in it have succumbed to Pictou Cattle Disease since July 19th last, full details being given in the report of Dr, Pethick (the officer in charge of the station) which may be found on page 96. Of the remaining two cattle, one was fed on chopped ragwort alone, to which was added a small daily ration of bran, while the other was forced to subsist on oat straw, with a small bran ration. The former died of Pictou Cattle Disease on July 22, while the latter, at the date of this report, appears to be perfectly healthy. Our experiments, therefore, so far as they have gone, appear to ait'ord direct cor- roboration of the theory that the disease is due to the ingestion of ragwort, especially in view of the fact that contact experiments, which were carefully conducted, as shown by the detailed account of Dr. Pethick, were absolutely without result. The investi- gation has not, however, been carried on for a sufficient length of time to warrant us in making a definite announcement on the subject. It is therefore my intention, with your approval, to continue the experiments for one, or possibly two yeaxs more. I think this course will commend itself to your judgment, especially in view of the fact that much valuable information is being secured not only regarding the causes of the disease, but with reference to its path- ology, and its treatment, which latter appears to be successful to a limited degi-ee and in incipient cases only. The cost of carrying on the work is comparatively trifling, in view of the large interests involved and the importance of securing reliable and defi- nit:; knowledge regarding the prophylaxis of the disease. For further details, I would refer you to the exhaustive report furnished by Dr. Pethick, who has shown most commendable industry and interest in the performance of his duties. For the present, the disease is stDi being dealt with officially on the same lines as heretofore, except that advantage has been taken of Dr. Pethick's removal to Antigon- ish to utilize his services in dealing with cases occurring in that county, Dr. Town- send being still employed in a similar capacity in Pictou county. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A few cases have also occurred in the vicinity of Souris, P.E.I., where the services of Dr. F. S. Macdonald have been secured as inspector. The following figures show the number of cases dealt with in each locality during the year, together with the amounts of compensation paid to owners : — Is^ova Scotia 122 $1,416.66 Prince Edward Island 8 88 00 130 $1,504.66 MANGE IN CATTLE. In my report of last year, I ventured to express the hope that the measures which had been undertaken by individual owners for the suppression of mange in cattle would be successful in bringing about the eradication of the disease. As the season advanced, however, it became evident that the disease had still a firm hold and that more cattle were affected in southern Alberta and western Assiniboia than ever before. The winter was a very severe one, particularly in the last-mentioned district, and there is no doubt that a good deal of the mortality which prevailed on the range last spring was due to the low condition and lack of hair, of many cattle affected with mange. These facts, induced me to undertake an active campaign with the avowed object of stamping out this troublesome malady which, for the last fifteen years, has existed to a greater or less degree on our western ranges. Being fully alive to the fact that such a campaign,^ to be successful, must have the hearty support and endorsation of the cattle-owners themselves, I thought it advisable to hold a series of meetings at the principal points in the infected area, at which, the whole subject could be freely discussed and a definite plan of action decided upon. Preliminary meetings were accordingly held during April at Medicine Hat, Leth- bridge, Macleod and Calgary. At each of these gatherings, which were fairly repre- sentative of those most deeply interested, I pointed out the necessity for united and systematic effort and solicited the advice and assistance of those present. The question was discussed in all its phases; the need for compulsory treatment, the most suitable season of the year at which to undertake it, the charges which might reasonably he made for treating stray cattle and those of careless or unwilling owners, the best preparations to use, the construction of vats, and many other details were gone into and fully dealt with. I found that after the case had been fairly laid before them, the majority of the stock-owners favoured the adoption of active measures, but that they almost, without exception, dreaded to undertake the construction of vats and the expense of dipping their own cattle, owing to the danger of reinfection through the stock of others who, unless compelled, would, in all probability, neglect to do so. After returning to Ottawa and discussing the whole matter with you, I made it my business to attend the annual meeting of the Western Stock Growers' Association, which was held in Calgary on May 12 and 13. Having submitted to the members of this important body a proposition comprising the passing of a departmental order de- manding the compulsory treatment between September 1 and October 31, of all cattle within the infected area, whether actually showing signs of disease or not, re- solutions were passed endorsing the proposed action and promising assistance in carry- ing it out. The consent and approval of the leading stock owners having been obtained, it became necessary to secure definite information as to the boundaries of the infected area and to^ arrange fcr the extra funds needed to carry out the work. It proved to be somewhat difficult to obtain the required information while the long parliamentary session delayed the appropriation and it was not until August 9, 62 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 that the Order was issued, leaving but a short time in which to arrange the final details. Every means was taken to give the Order as much publicity as possible and al- though it is of considerable length, it was inserted as an advertisement in all the leading newspapers throughout the infected district, as well as in the agricultural journals published in Winnipeg. Several thousand additional copies were printed for distribution and it was also embodied in the departmental bulletin, a copy of which is attached to this report. Shortly after the Order was issued, I again went to the North-west and with the assistance of the Commissioner of the Koyal North-west Mounted Police, who is in. charge of the work of this branch in the North-west Territories, I arranged the details of the organization without which, it would have been impossible to carry out the scheme. The infected area was divided into thirteen districts, each of which was placed in the charge of a qualified veterinary inspector, with authority to engage as many deputy inspectors as might appear to be necessary, for the effective enforcement of the Order. Arrangements were also made for the supply of the necessary ingredients of the two preparations authorized by the Order. In this connection considerable difficulty was experienced in obtaining a sufficient supply of sulphur, but this problem, like most of the otbers connected with the scheme, was in the end, solved in a fairly satisfactory manner. The attitude of the great majority of the stock owners was all that could be desired. Dipping vats were constructed in many different localities, the total num- ber built during the season, including those erected by the department at Wood Mountain, Pendant d'Oreille, Coutts and Cardston was 196. Very few districts, and those of comparatively small area, were exempted from the operation of the Order. Such as were exempted comprised, as a rule, small herds held by themselves closely under fence, and which had never been affected, nor in contact with, diseased animals. In a few instances, larger districts on the outskirts of the infected area and separated from it by well defined natural boundaries, were also exempted after careful investigation by the Veterinary Inspector in charge. Some difficulty was experienced with small owners, who failed to understand the necessity for the universal and simultaneous treatment of all cattle within the infected area. A number of individuals of this class claimed exemption on the ground that their cattle showed no signs of infection, forgetting that the disease, to a large extent, is quiescent in the summer and fall, and that many cattle, although actually infected, do not develop symptoms until after the setting in of cold weather. I am glad to say, however, that the majority even of this class of owners, became reconciled to the Order before the expiry of the time set for its enforcement. A few, however, held out, and by neglecting to make proper provision for treatment before the mild weather came to an end, managed to avoid compliance with the regulations. Instructions have been issued to our officers to closely quarantine all cattle not treated except where legal exemption was granted. This rule is also being applied to the cattle of a few large owners who, against their own interests, insisted on using dipping pre- parations other than those authorized by the Order. Some little harm was done by the canvassing agents of firms manufacturing patent dipping preparations who en- deavoured, by misrepresenting facts, to convince the stock owners that they were being subjected to needless inconvenience and expense by being asked to use a hot lime and sulphur dip. In this connection I would say that it was only after the most careful and thor- ough study of the experience of other countries, that I determined to insist on the use of the preparation in question. In eveiy civilized country where systematic efforts have been made to eradicate mange, the lime and sulphur dip has superseded all other preparations. Under the cir- cumstances, it was out of the question to permit individual owners to use f ormulse not HEALTH OF ANIMALS 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 known to be thoroughly effective and reliable. Had any latitude been shown in this respect, it would have been impossible to differentiate between the various proprietary remedies on the market, with the inevitable result that many owners would have wasted their own time and money and endangered the herds of their more intelligen':- or conscientious neighbours by using cheap and ineffective preparations, thus paving the way for widespread reinfection and bringing the whole system of treatment order- ed by the department into disrepute. On the whole, the results of the Order have been very gratifying. While, in view of the prevalence of the disease and the enormous size of the infected area, its com- plete eradication in one season could scarcely be hoped for, a very great deal of good 'has been effected — owners have been thoroughly roused to a sense of the importance of getting rid of the disease, and have in most cases overcome the great initial diffi- culty of providing adequate facilities for the treatment of their stock. They have largely benefitted by the experience of this year, having not only acquired a practical knowledge of the details of treatment, but discovered that, apart altogether from its effects in curing mange, the dipping so far from being injurious to the stock, is of great benefit in ridding them of lice and other parasites, which have hitherto done seri.ous damage by preventing thrift and retarding the laying on of flesh. The creation of a healthy public sentiment on this question will also be of incal- culable benefit in another way, inasmuch as owners who have gone to the trouble and expense of erecting dipping plants and treating their stock will, in future, render every assistance to our officers by seeing that their more indolent or less intelligent neigh- bours are comp?lled to take similar precautions, so as to prevent reinfection of healthy animals. The following figures will give some idea of the extent of the operations and the magnitude of the problem which had to be faced in making an honest effort to stamp out this troublesome malady, which has for so long been causing, both directly and indirectly, a large annual loss to the cattle owners of Western Canada. 411,061 cattle have been up to the present date, dipped once, while of these, 176,- 685 have received the second treatment called for by the order. If the weather remains open for a few weeks, it is altogther likely that all of those reported to have been dipped once will have their second treatment completed, and that a considerable addi- tional number will still be dealt with. To show the progress made I would ask you to compare the number of cattle treated this season, with the figures quoted in the report of the attempt made in 1899 to enforce a similar policy. During that season, 686 head were dipped at Eocky Cou- lee, while the Commissioner of the ISTorth-west Mounted Police reported a total of 2,018 head quarantined and treated. I am satisfied that from this time on, there will be no great difficulty in dealing with mange. The securing of the good-will and hearty co-operation of the owners is -a decided step in adavnce which will doubtless bear good fruit during coming seasons. MALADIE DU COIT. In March last. Inspector Burnett, Chief Veterinary Officer of the Eoyal North- west Mounted Police, reported, thi'ough the Commissioner of that force, the existence of Maladie du Coit in a stallion and several mares, the property of Mr. W. T. Mc- Caugherty, residing near Lethbridge, Alberta. This disease, which for upwards of a century has been well known in Europe, to which continent it was originally conveyed from Northern Africa, and also, it is be- lieved, from Asia, first made its appearance in the United States in 1882, when a brown stallion was brought from France to Bloomington, Illinois, where he infected a large number of mares, who in turn conveyed the disease to several other stallions. The prompt measures adopted by the authorities proved effective in stamping out the -disease in this particular district, although, unfortunately, a number of animals were 64 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A," 1905 sold before the nature of the outbreak was f iilly understood. Through these latter cases, the disease was conveyed to various parts of the United States, with the result that, from that time until the present, occasional outbreaks, varying in extent and intensity according to circumstances, have been reported from time to time. Until the present season, however, Maladie du Coit, or Dourine, properly so called, has never been definitely recognised in the Dominion, although an outbreak of ven- ereal disease, which from its history and symptoms, as described by the veterinarians who treated the affected animals, seems to have been only a severe form of the benign affection known to the profession as Coital Exanthema, aggravated in some cases by concurrent Strangles, took place in 1887 and 1888 in the county of Kent, Ontario. This outbreak was investigated by Dr. P. H. Bryce on behalf of the Ontario govern- ment, but the evidence available was not such as to enable him to arrive at any definite conclusion as to its real nature. A careful study of his report, in the light of a somewhat extended professional experience of venereal disease in horses, has led me to the conclusion already stated, viz. : that the disease then seen was not Maladie du Coit. The facts set forth in Inspector Burnett's report on the McCaugherty cases were, however, such as to lead me to suspect that the trouble in the Lethb ridge district was of a very serious nature, and I therefore lost no time in making a personal inspection of the affected animals. Some difficulty was experienced in reaching the cases owing to the breaking up of the ice in the Belly river, and it was not until April 12, that I had an opportunity of seeing the diseased horses in company with Inspector Burnett. After a careful examination, I had no hesitation in confirming his diagnosis. Re- cognising, however, the serious nature of the problem to be faced, owing to the facility with which such a disease is capable of dissemination among horses on the open range, I deemed it advisable to eliminate any possible doubt before adopting stringent measures. I therefore, with your approval, asked Dr. Salmon, Chief of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, to authorize or recommend a veterinarian, having prac- tical experience of the disease, to visit Lethbridge for the purpose of making an ex- amination of the cases then in hand. Dr. Salmon, very kindly and promptly, placed at the disposal of this department the services of Dr. E. T. Davison of Omaha, Ne- braska, who is the inspector in charge of all outbreaks of Maladie du Coit occurring in the United States. I had returned to Ottawa for the purpose of consulting you on this and other matters, but went back immediately to Lethbridge, meeting Dr. Davison there on May 6. This gentleman, on examination of the infected animals, had no hesitation whatever in pronouncing the disease to be Maladie du Coit, as shown by his official report, a copy of which was kindly furnished to me by Dr. Salmon. See page 6d. On obtaining this additional evidence, I immediately took such steps as, in my opinion, were best calculated to keep the disease under control, and prevent its spread among the valuable breeding herds of Alberta and Assiniboia. Dr. Hargrave, of Medicine Hat, who had, since my former visit, been engaged in inspecting all mures served by the infected stallion, and generally collecting information as to the con- ditions in the district, and who, I may say, was also firmly convinced that iht disease with which we were dealing was actually Maladie du Coit, was present with Inspector Burnett and myself on the occasion of Dr. Davison's visit, so that I had the benefit of the valuable advice and assistance of these three gentlemen in formulating the policy adopted. As at that time no provision existed for the payment of compensation for horses destroyed on account of disease, and as many of the affected mares were of consider- able value, and their destruction, even if deemed advisable, would have involved t tremedous loss to their owners, there was no alternative but to place them in quaran- tine, und -r such restrictions as would preclude the possibility of their transmitting the disease, directly or indirectly, to others of their own species. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 After going carefully over the ground, I decided on the establishment of a tempor- ary quarantine station on the Old Man river, a short distance above McCaugherty's ranche, in which the affected mares could be kept safely under fence. After negotiat- ing with the Depai'tment of the Interior and the Hudson's Bay Company, who owned the land required for this purpose, I was enabled to make arrangements for the fenc- ing of some 1,800 acres, with a frontage on the Old Man river affording watering facilities. Until the fencing of this area could be completed, I arranged with Mr. Mc- Caugherty to keep all infected mares, whether his own property or not, inside his fenced pasture. I also engaged his services, and those of another man, instructing them to make a thorough inspection of all mares and stallions running in the neigh- bourhood of Lethbridge, and to secure and isolate, as above indicated, all showing the slightest symptoms of maladie du coit. As a number of stallions were also reported to be at large on the range, I further authorized Mr. McCaugherty to collect all animals of this class, returning such as could be identified to their owners for safe-keeping, and placing the rest in charge of the officer commanding the R.N.W.M. Police, Lethbridge district, A considerable number of stallions were taken up in this way, o± which several were castrated, with the approval of their owners. I regret to say that the inspection conducted, as above mentioned, under the supervision of Inspector Burnett, brought to light the fact that a large number of mares running on the open range, were affected, to a greater or less extent with a venereal disease strongly resembling that seen in those bied to the McCaugherty horse. All of these siispicious eases were closely quar- antined, the majority of them being held, either in Mr. McCaugherty's pasture or in the new quarantine ground, while the remainder were isolated upon the premises of their owners. Under the authority of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903, the following regulations were brought into force early in the season, and every effort was made to carry them out in their entirety. REGULATION^; RELATIXG TO MALADIE DU COIT. Authorized hy Order in Council dated the 8th day of Jidy., lOOJf, in virtue of 'The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903.' 1. Every owner, breeder or importer of, or dealer in horses, shall on perceiving the appearance of maladie du coit, among the animals owned by him or under his special care give immediate notice to the Minister of Agriculture and to the nearest Veterinary Inspector of the Dejiartment of Agriculture of the facts discovered by him as aforesaid. 2. Every veterinary surgeon practising in Canada shall immediately, on ascer- taining that an animal is affected with maladie du coit, give similar notice to the Min- ister and to the nearest Veterinary Inspector. 3. In the Xorthwest Territories the notice required to be given by th(? two pre- ceding sections of these regulations shall be deemed sufficient if given to the Commis- sioner, Assistant Commissioner, or other officer of the Xorthwest Mounted Police force, or to one of the Veterinary Staff Sergeants of the said force. 4. Xo entire horse more than one year old shall, after the passing of this order, be permitted to run at large on unfenced lands in the territory of Alberta, or in that portion of the territory of Assiniboia lying west of the third principal meridian, and any owner of horses failing to comply with this order shall be deemed guilty of a breach of these regulations and of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act. 5. Any entire horse more than one year old found running at large within the area defined above, may be seized and held on the order of any duly authorized Veter- 15—5 66 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 inary Inspector of this department, who shall forthwith when ever possible notify the owner of the said horse of siich seizure, and the said horse if not claimed within thirty days of such seizure, may be castrated, and no indemnity shall be allowed to the owner in case of damage arising out of or resulting from said castration, seizure or deten- tion. '6. No animal which is affected with maladie du eoit shall be i^ermitted to run at large or to come in contact with any animal which is not so affected. 7. Any Veterinary Inspector or other duly authorized person may declare to be an infected place within the meaning of the ' Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903,' any common, field, stable, or other place or premises, also any market, railway yard, stockyard, pen, wharf, railway car or other vehicle where animals are found which are afEected with maladie du coit. 8. Every Veterinary Inspector or other duly authorized person shall have full power to order animals affected or suspected of being affected with maladie du coit to be collected for inspection, and, when necessary, to be detained and isolated or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the instructions of the Veterinary Director General. 9. The expenses of and incidental to the collection, isolation, seizure, castration or otherwise dealing with horses for the purposes of these regulations, shall be borne by the owners of the animals, and if advanced by the Inspector or other authorized person shall, until paid, be a charge upon the said animals. 10. No animal shall be removed out of an infected place without a license signed by an Inspector or other duly authorized person. 11. The Veterinary Director General may, from time to time, order the slaughter, castration or other disposition of animals affected with maladie du coit. 12. Every person who violates any provision of these regulations shall, for every such offence, incur a penalty not exceeding two hundred dollars. J. G. RUTHEREORD, Veterinary Director General. Dei>artment of Agriculture, Ottawa. In order, further to meet the peculiar conditions with which the department was, for the first time, confronted, it was deemed advisable to provide means whereby, in the event of slaughter being rendered necessary, reasonable compensation might be paid to the owners of infected animals. An amendment to the Animal Contagious Diseases Act was therefore introduced and became law on receiving the Royal Assent in the prorogation of parliament on August 10. As soon as possible thereafter I proceeded to Lethbridge for the purpose of inspecting the quarantined mares with a view to having such of them as presented unmistakable symptoms of maladie du coit dealt with in a suitable manner. I was fortunate in having present at this inspec- tion, Dr. Veranus A. Moore, Professor of Comparative Pathology at Cornell Univer- sity, as also Dr. Kelly, State Veterinarian for New York, and Dr. Knowles, State Veterinarian for Montana. As I was, at the same time, engaged in organizing for the carrying out of the Compulsory Mange Dipping Order, which involved the employment of a considerable number of the regular veterinary inspectors, as also of several other western veter- inarians, I thought it advisable to make my temporary headquarters at Lethbridge, and to arrange for these gentlemen to meet me there. By so doing, I was able to largely economize time, and also to afford these officers the opportunity of examining the cases of maladie du coit, so that they might be able to recognize the symptoms if shown by horses in the various districts of the Northwest Territories to which they are from time to time called in the performance of their duties. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 In all, twelve veterinary surgeons were present during the first stage of the in- spection, which I may say occupied altogether a period of nine days. In this time 258 mares were carefully examined, it being necessary in every case to secure the animal in a squeezer, which, along' with suitable corrals, had been erected on the quar- antine ground. In view of what I had seen earlier in the season, and of the opinions as to the nature of the disease, an expression of which has already been laid before you, I natvirally expected to find at least some of the animals to have xleveloped acute symp- toms, especially as a number of the most severe cases seen in April and May had shortly afterwards succumbed. I was therefore greatly surprised to find that, not only were there no well marked cases among those quarantined, but that many of the animals which had been appar- ently severely affected at the time of my previous examination, had improved in a marked degree. While, almost without exception, each of the animals examined on this occasion showed abnormal vaginal conditions, there was not among them any one case sufficiently pronounced to warrant me in ordering its destruction. After careful consideration of the whole matter, I 'decided that the best and safest policy to pursue under the circumstances was to continue to hold all suspects in quar- antine for a sufficient length of time to enable us to decide as to whether or not we were actually dealing with maladie du coit, or with some other, and possibly less malignant, form of veneral disease. In reaching this decision, I was influenced, not only by the natural and reason- able aversion felt by every right thinking man to the destruction of life and property, but by the consideration that the adoption of a policy of slaughter would be an offi- cial acknowledgment by this department of the existence of maladie du coit among the horses on the western ranges, an admission which I am compelled to hesitate in making, in spite of all the evidence already advanced in its favour. A policy of slaughter, once adopted, would have to be constantly carried out, and while this would be well enough if fully justified by facts, it would, I think, be unwise in the extreme to take even the first steps in this direction without being abso- lutely certain that the conclusions leading to it were unquestionably correct. By keeping the suspected animals alive for a period long enough to fiilly demon- strate whether or not they are really affected with maladie du coit, the question of the existence or non-existence among Canadian range horses of this virulent malady can be settled in a much more satisfactory manner than by ordering their destruction on grounds, as to the soundness of which even the slightest suspicion can be enter- tained. I have, therefore, with your consent and approval, made arrangements for the continuing of the quarantine of the suspected animals during the coming winter, in the expectation that before the advent of next spring more satisfactory evidence than that now in our possession will be available. To those unacquainted with the literature and history of maladie du coit, it may seem remarkable that so much hesitation should be evidenced in reaching a decision, especially where so many animals are affected. As a matter of fact, however, although this disease has been known to the veterinary profession for upwards of a century, our information regarding its true nature is, even now, exceedingly imperfect. Although researches by veterinary scientists in Europe, in Africa, and more recently still in India, have apparently demonstrated that it is due to a blood parasite resembling to a marked degree those which cause surra in Asia and magana in Africa, two of the most fatal maladies affecting horses, the presence of this specific tryano- soma has never, so far as I am aware, been detected in iVmerica, in spite of the fact that the disease seen on this continent is otherwise apparently identical with that observed in the old world. In this particular outbreak. Dr. Veranus Moore, one of the most skilful bacter- iologists in America, was unable to detect any trace of the presence of the parasite, 15— 5i 68 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 although he made many examinations of the blood, the vaginal mucus and other fluids taken from the mares at Lethbridge. He also carried with him to Cornell, a number of specimens and slides on which he was kind enough later to furnish me with a full report, without, however, being able to give any definite information as to the nature of the aflfection. In view of these facts, therefore, one can only depend upon careful observation for a confirmation of the diagnosis of maladie du coit, so far at least as this country is concerned. The difficulty which we are experiencing in reaching a decision in Alberta is by no means singular, as similar vincertainty has attended the great majority of the out- breaks observed in the United States. It must he remembered that maladie du coit is a disease which is not indigenous to Xorth America, and, like other exotics, may possibly assume an entriely different character from that shown in its natural habitat. The highest authorities in other countries consider it an incurable disease, and although it was at one time thought that a small percentage of the animals affected might recover under favourable conditions, later experience has shown that such re- coveries were more apparent than real and that animals thought to be cured are still, after long periods of seeming health, capable of transmitting the affection to others, either by the act of coition or by artificial inoculation. In 1899, Surgeon-Major Schneider and M. Buffard, Military Veterinary-Surgeon of Oran, Algeria, conducted a series of exhaustive experiments, and demonstrated the possibility of transmission through inoculation and otherwise, with blood and other fluids taken from both chronic and acute cases, their opinions being endorsed by the late Professor Xocard and other eminent European scientists. More recently still, in 1902, Veterinary-Major Pease, C.V.D., of the Punjab Veter- inary College, has further corroborated the views of the French investigators. The following quotation from Veterinary Captain F. H. L. Baldrey, Veterinary Re- cord, October 10, 1903, affords so clear and concise a synopsis of our present day knowl- edge regarding the disease, that I feel justified in reproducing it here : — ' The cause of the disease is a trypanosoma similar to the Surra parasite, and it is conveyed from diseased to healthy animals mainly during the act of covering. The symptoms in the horse are ver^- insidious. It commences in a mild manner, attacking only at first the external genital organs; this is soon followed, by enlargements and swellings, then by an eruption somewhat similar to nettle rash. Finally it affects the lumbar nervous system, causes nervous degeneration, emaciation, paralysis of the hind limbs, and death. Although the horse is able to cover some time after affection, there is no doubt that he is unable to propagate, even though there be barely any clinical symptoms of his being affected. The disease is, as far as we know, incurable, and moreover, the horse is a source of infection to mares, the latter contingency being an extreme danger, as to any one without professional training, the primary s^-mptoms are almost unnoticeable. 'In mares the diagnosis is even more difficvilt and the insidious nature of the disease more marked than in the horse. They are nevertheless capable of conveying infection from the first onset of the disease, fiom which time they also appear to be sterile. This it is that makes the question such a serious one to deal with. The dif- ficulty of localizing or saying definitely how far it exists can only be realized when we take into consideration the number of mares in outlying districts who are seldom seen by any one acquainted with the disease, any if they are, fail to .show any symptoms to an ordinary observation. ' Every precaution i.s, no doubt, being taken, but the incurability of the disea.se, the fact of its rendering animals st^^rile in the verj' early stages, and the impossibility of saying to what extent it definitely exists among the mares of the country render it a decidedly difficult matter to combat.' The experience of veterinarians dealing with this disease in countries nearer home, has been of an exac'tly similar nature. It is. I understand, the intention of HEALTH OF AynfALS 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Dr. Salmon to publish shortly a bulletin containing' a full account of the investigations carried on by the Bureau of Animal Industry during recent years, and I have no doubt that, when this work appears, it will furnish much information of great value to us in Canada. The disease has undoubtedly been introduced to Alberta by animals from the United States, although careful inquiry has failed to discover the exact channel by which it gained entry. This is not a matter for surprise, in view of the insidious nature of the disease, and the difficulty of detecting its manifestations in its earlier stages or in chronic cases. As repeatedly stated above, the disease is generally considered incurable by those best qualified to judge, no satisfactory treatment having, as yet, been discovered, al- though apparent recovery occasionally takes place. This being the case, even in coun- tries where the disease is indigenous, it is possible that under the climatic and dietetic conditions of Alberta, which, in summer at least, are almost perfect, the virulence of the disease may become so modified as to render recovery more frequent than in other less favoured districts. Unless, however, the recovery is complete and permanent, such modification may prove to be anything but a blessing, as it will be certain to render recognition more difficult, and in this way favour the perpetuation of the contagion in unsuspected chronic cases likely to cause periodical outbreaks of a mere virulent type. Copy. RusHViLLE. Xeb., May 14, lOO-t. Chief of Biireau of Animal Industry, Washin^on, D.C. Sir. — In accordance with instructions received. I went to Lethbridge, Alberta. for the purpose of conferring with J. G. Rutherford. Veterinary Director General of the Dominion of Canada, in regard to suspected outbreak of maladie du coit among horses in the vicinity of Lethbridge. I examined such suspects as were available, and have no hesitation in confirming the diagnosis of Dr. Rutherford. I found no good cases. However, considering in the aggregate the symptoms manifested by different individuals, does not leave room for a reasonable doubt as to the character of the disease. At the ranch of W. T. McCaugherty, eight miles west of Lethbridge, I examined a herd of about fifty mares and one stallion. The stallion presented a general unthrifty appearance, was quite emaciated, eyes and nostrils weeping, scrotum thickened and of a doughy consistency, two plain cicatrices on under surface of penis just below inferior border of prepuce. Xo plaques shojving, but owner gives history that would indicate that they have been frequently in evidence. Meatus highly inflamed, constant dripping of mucus from urethra, voiding of urine frequent and attended with considerable discomfort. Of the fifty mares, about fifteen are quite suspicious. Several show vaginal dis- charge and defective muscular co-ordination. Several had small white spots on vulva and cicatrices on vaginal mucous membrane. One mare showed two well defined plaques. In addition to the symptoms which were in evidence, we have the history of a large percentage of abortions. Also the owner gave in detail the history of mare which had died two weeks previous, a case which, I jvidge from his description, had all the characteristic symptoms of an animal in the advanced stage of maladie du coit. I examined a stallion at Macleod, the property of one Wm. Damon. This stal- lion's sheath was badly swollen, and had been so for about six months. This was the only suspicious symptom in evidence, and considered alone, would hardly justify one in regarding stallion as a susiject. However, I learned that this stallion had covered a mare afflicted with a venereal disease of some kind, and that another stallion, which had previously covered the mare died with some kind of a venereal affection. 70 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICTLTUnE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The history of various suspects and cvirrent rumours would seem to indicate that the affection had been prevalent in Alberta for two or three years at least. The origin of the difficulty is at present, of course, only a matter of conjecture. Very resjoectfully, (Sgd.) E. T. DAVISOIS^, Inspector. MAXGE IX HORSES. I regret to say that this disea.se has prevailed during the past year to a greater extent than in any previous season, at least, so far as information can he obtained from the somewhat unsatisfactory records of previous years. Not only have a considerable number of outbreaks occurred in the Northwest Territories and Manitoba, but the disease has also api)eared in widely separate dis- tricts in Eastern Canada. Investigation demonstrated that in almost every case the contagion was directly traceable to western horses, and in most cases to animals originating in the western iX)rtion of the United States. You will recollect that it was from this source that the infection originally entered Canada some three years ago. Much valuable work has been i^erformed by our insi)ectors in the stamping out of this .troublesome and highly- contagious disease, which in many cases owed its spread to lack of information among owners as to its true nature, and the measures necessary to be adopted in dealing with it. A large number of animals have been succ&ssfully treated, and although the disease still exists in various portions of the Dominion, I am satisfied that we have it well in hand, and that the new regulations, issued during the year, with reference not only to the control of the disease in Canada, but to the more thorough inspection of western horses entering the Dominion, will enable us to entirely stamp it out in the not far distant future. The large majority of outbreaks occurred in the Northwest Territories. Directly attributable to western horses, the following outbreaks occured in East- ern Canada: — Ontario 99 Quebec 34 New Brunswick 17 SHEEP SCAB. I am pleased to be able to report that very few outbreaks of sheep scab have been reported during the year just past. In December last. Dr. Frink, export inspector at St. John, reported that he had detected in a lot of sheep presented for export, one individual showing symptoms resembling those of sheep scab. The animal was at once traced to the point of origin, near St. Thomas. Ont., but a searching investigation by one of our regular insi^ectors failed to discover any evidence of disease in that neighbourhood. It may, therefore, be presumed that the animal detected by Dr. Frink was suffering from some cutaneous affection of a less serious character. During the same month, an outbreak was reported by Dr. Bradshaw, of Napanee, to which prompt attention was immediately given, with the result that the disease was eventually stamped out by means of segregation and thorough treatment of the in- fected flock. During September the appearance of a skin disease among sheep in the neigh- bourhood of La Baie du Fevre, in the county of Yamaska was reported by the Depart- ment of Agriculture at Quebec. An inspector was immediately sent, and as a result HEALTH OF AXIMALS 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 of his investigations, a number of small flocks of sheep, the property of different owners, but which had been grazing together in a common pasture, were placed under quarantine and ordered to be treated. An outbreak, affecting a small and completely isolated band of sheep, was also dealt with in British Columbia. Very few outbreaks of anthrax have occurred in the Dominion during the past season, and in every case where the existence of the disease has been reported to the department prompt action has been taken to prevent its spread. In the majority of cases outbreaks were dealt with by our regular salaried inspectors. The work of pre- ventive inociilation is left in the hands of private practitioners, as I do not think it advisable to employ the departmental inspectors in this work. A list of outbreaks reported is appended : — Ontario: — Cornwall Co., Dundas (2). Quebec: — Jacques Cartier, Quebec. Kew Brunswick : — St. John. Eighty doses of anthrax vaccine were ?ent out from the department. BLACK-QUARTER. There has been a remarkable decrease in the number of outbreaks of this peculiar disease, which from its nature can scarcely be dealt with under the provisions of the ' Animal Contagious Diseases Act.' A number of cases have been reported from various districts in Eastern Canada, but it has evidently prevailed to a very slight ex- tent in the Xorthwest, as is shown by the following statement of the sales of vaccine. Five hundred and seventy doses were sold by Dr. Hargrave at ^fedicine Hat, N.W.T., and 438 doses were disposed of by the Eoyal Xorthwest Mounted Police. One thousand one hundred and fifty-five doses were sent out from the department. The total nimiber of doses disposed of during the year was 2,163. ACTINOMYCOSIS. This disease is not now dealt with by the department except in so far as the ex- portation of infected animals is forbidden. It does not appear to prevail to a serious extent anywhere in the Den inicn, and very few affected animals have been presented for export. ACTIXOBACILLOSIS. A number of cases of this disease have been reported to the department and an in- teresting bulletin on the subject giving the result cf the investigations conducted by Dr. Higgins, has been published ; see p. 84. This is the first original contribution to the literature of the disease which has appeared on this continent, and has attracted favourable notice from those interested in the subject. I do not think that actinobacillosis is likely to prove a serious menace to Can- adian herds, the climatic conditions being evidently unfavourable to its spread, but the information rendered available by the investigfition above referred to cannot but prove valuable. SWAMP FEVER. Owing to the lack of suitable cases, the investigation into the nature and causes of the disease known as ' swamp fever,' which for a number of years caused serious loss among horses in Manitoba and the Xorthwest Territories, has not been productive 72 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 of any definite results. It is fortunate that the principal cause of this failure in ac- quiring information is that n enticned above. I am of opinion that, as cultivation advances and the low-lying country is drained, the disease will largely disappear. Be this as it may, it is certainly much less prevalent than it was some years ago. The report of Dr. Torrance, of Winnipeg, who in conjunction with Dr. Bell, pre- vincial bacteriologist for ^lanitoba, lia.s this work in hand, may be found on page 112«. EXPORT L\SPECTION.S. Th'j total numler of animals inspected during the past year for export to coun- tries other than the United States, is considerably- less than for the preceding twelve months. The falling off is explained by the reopening of the Xew England ports, which were closed from November, 1902, until August, 1903, owing to the existence of foot and mouth disease in several coast states. During the period referred to large numbers of American cattle and sheep were shipped from Canadian ports which, owing to the measures taken by this department to comply in every respect with the wishes of the Home authorities, renuiined open during the continuance of the outbreak. The number of animals inspected has, however, been increased to some extent over former averages by the inauguration in February last of the practice of examin- ing all Canadian stock destined for export via American seaports. The neglect of this precaution was always a serious defect in our system of export inspection, as was noted in my last report, and I was much gratified to obtain your approval of my re- commendation that the present system should be adopted. The change has considerably increased the work of our inspectors at Montreal, and has also necessitated the eniplojTnent during the winter of some of their assistants whose duties formerly ended with the close of navigation. The safe-guarding of our export cattle trade is, however, of such importance as to completely out-\\eigh the trifling fi'n: ncial consideration involved. The improved system of reporting inspections adopted last year has been con- tinued, and has proved, from a departmental point of view, a great deal more conven- ient than that formerly in use. I am about to elaborate it still further by utilizing the reports sent in as the basis of a concise book record which will show tbe exact st- of the trade at any time, and enable us to identify immediately every consignment of stock and to note the inspector's comments regarding it. To render the sy.stem complete, however, it will be necessary to impro\e on the present n ethcds of marking inspected animals. I regret that pressure of work has prevented the carrying out of the elian-- ' > this detail suggested in my last report. On my way back from the Northwest in April last I net, by appointment, in Chicago, Dr. Baker, senior inspector at the port of Montreal, and with him visited the T^nion Stock Yards, where, through the courtesy of Dr. Dyson, the officer in charge, we were afforded every opportunity of observing the .sy.stem followed by the ins];ectors of the U.S. Bureau of Animal Industry. I hope to be able, in the near future, to introduce like methods and exactitude in dealing with Canadian export stock. It gives me great pleasure to report that the (hities f)f all the officers engaged in this important department of the branch have l)een iierfornied in a most thorough and satisfactory manner. The following tables show the iniinlici' ut' animals inspected for export to all coun- tries other than the I'nited States. With the single exception of cattle for breeding purpose.s, which are .shown under another head, stock exported to the United States is not required to i ncer^io insi^fction by our officers. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Table showing- niiinials inspected at the following Ports ; Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Montreal to Great Britain Inspected at ^[ontl•eal for shipment to Great Britain via Boston and Portland Quebec to (ireat Britain 294 112,179 30,627 2,103 29,920 6,510 22 4S9 300 49,352 32,254 875 22,750 937 3,378 12 St. John, N.B., to Great Britain 31 30 Halifax to Great Britain Charlottetown to Great Britain Montreal to South Africa St. John, X. B., to South Africa 64 14 Charlottetown to West Indies 1 26 105 5S' Halifax to West Indies 4 15 45 897 541 654 165 2,057 9 11 Bermuda . . . 3'' M Newfoundland . Charlottetown to Newfoundland 13 35 Total animals exported from above ports — 296,798. 609 183,111 112,975 103 Of the above, 38,6C0 cattle and 17,669 sheep were from the United States. Animals rejected at the following Ports: Cattle. Horses Sheep. Montreal St. John.. , 233 62 3 115 17 295 3 132 Of the above, 35 cattle at ^lontreal and 2 at St. John were rejected for actinomy- cosis, one at Montreal for tuberculosis, one at St. John for glossitis, and 68 at Mont- real for mange. Of the horses, two were rejected on account of influenza and the other for strangles. The rest of the animals rejected were sufferiug from lameness, or injuries received during transportation, but showing no indication of contagious or infectious disease. i:\rPORT INSPECTIONS. Import Inspections from Europe. Port. Cattle. Horses. Sheep. Swine. Goats. Levis Quarantine, Quebec Montreal 286 440 370 144 57 St. John, N.B 65 ; 54 3 6 3 3 Halifax. Charlottetown j Total. . . 354 ! 500 1 370 150 57 74 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Import Inspections from United States. Import Inspections from. Mexico. Port. Cattle. Horses. Sheep. Swine. Goats. Mule.«. St. John, N.B Halifax, N.S 1 6 4 2 229 18 245 343 1,352 98 5,850 276 93 476 7,493 209 146 907 3,642 2,111 354 16 404 712 993 221 425 2 ; Charlottetown, P.E.I Niagara Falls, Out Point Edward, Ont Windsor, Ont 5 54 416 132 213 404 1 4,300 81 90 410 10,594 2,645 104 9 3,680 2,278 2,230 136 256 540 547 98 71 105 630 240 . 14 7 41 61 26' 37 285' 7 Deloraine, Man Killarney. , 5 6 Emerson ' 4 (xretna Winnipeg 4 500 Melita 8 1 3 23 796 3 Morden 5 Crystal City and Snowflake 6 99 1,737 15 North Portal, N.W.T Maple Creek Medicine Hat 586 Wood Mountain 7^482 Coutts 33 25 5 Pendant d'Oreille. 6,150 Lethbridge and Macleod Nelson and Rossland, B.C 3,670 13,040 14,046' 20,364 71 o Grand Forks and Midway Gateway and Rykerts Victoria Vancouver and New Westminster 64 39 5 1 9 4 1 6 Total 29,295 26,625 67,761 1,502 7 1,182 Port. Cattle. Horses. N. Portal 7,360 685 IMPORTATIONS FROM MEXICO. The number of cattle imported from Mexico during the present season ha.s been much less than that reported last year. The new regulations issued last spring require intending importers to obtain a permit before bringing stock from Mexico to Canada. This provision, which was made to prevent the importation of stock from States, other than Chihuhua, will, in future, be rigidly enforced, an arrangement having been made with the governor of that State, whereby the introduction thereto of animals from surrounding territory is forbidden. The State of Chihuhua is reported by the United States authorities, and others equally well informed, to be free from Texas fever and other diseases of a contagious nature. Previous regidations, controlling importations from Mexico, con- tinue in force. QU.\RANTIXK STATIONS. I am pleased to bo able to report a considerable advance in the direction of plac- ing the animals' quarantine stations of the Dominion on a more satisfactory footing than has yet been the ease. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 At Halifax, after prolonged negotiations, an excellent site has been secured by the purchase of three and a half acres of land adjoining the branch of the Intercolonial Railway known as the Cotton Factory Siding. This property, situated on the out- skirts of the city, but within the coi^Doration, can be reached conveniently by rail from the Deep Water Terminus, thus affording a speedy and safe mode of transit for im- ported animals direct from the ship to the premises where they are to be isolated) during the i^eriod of quarantine required by the regulations. The necessary buildings, which at this point need not be extensive, have not yet been erected, as it was only recently that the property came into the possession of the department. At St. John, X.B., where hitherto no proper quarantine station has existed, such animals as landed at that port from time to time having been housed in a sniall, inconvenient and somewhat unsanitary building leased for the purpose, and to reach which it was necessary to drive them for some distance over the public streets, much better arrangements have now been made. A plot of ground, five and three-quarter acres in extent, has been leased at a nominal rental from the Department of Railways and Canals. This, like the new grounds a,t Halifax, is situated on a railway siding, so that animals landing at St. John can now be conveyed to the quarantine without being allowed to come in contact with any animal or thing likely to be the means of spreading disease. A few old buildings came into the possession of the department with the lease, and these are being repaired and fitted up for temporary iise as quar- antine stables. It is expected that they will serve the purpos^e for some years to come. At Quebec, some small improvements have been effected in the quarantine station at Point Levis which in most respects is everything that cotild be desired from a sanitary point of view. It is, however, as I have stated in previous reports, open to one serious objection, viz. : that as matters now stand, it is necessary to drive or other- wise convey animals for a considerable distance over the public highway before they can be effectually isolated to undergo the required i)eriod of quarantine. This is a most serious drawback to the efficiency of the institution, and I would again strongly urge upon you the advisability of arranging for the extension of the Electric Railway to the grounds, so that live stock can be conveyed direct from the steamer. Sherbrooke and St. Johns, Quebec, have since the date of my last report been selected as quarantine stations for such classes of animals imported from the United States as are subject to detention. So far, however, no arrangements have been made in the direction of seciiring suitable grounds or buildings, the volume of trade affected being exceedingly small. At Windsor, Ontario, a convenient site has been leased from the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, and a building, small, but sufficient for the needs of the trade, is about to be erected thereon. In Manitoba, a new quarantine station has been erected at Emerson on a site which I personally selected last spring on account of its convenience to the lines of the two principal railways entering Canada at that point. This station consists, like others constructed during the past season in the West, and which will be mentioned hereafter, of spacious and substantial corrals, to which are added a squeezer for un- broken animals, a dipping vat, and a small shed for housing hogs in quarantine or cattle which have to be submitted to the tuberculin test- The construction of this new station will enable us to disi>ense with the use of the old premises at Fort Duf- ferin, which is inconveniently situated, and the buildings on which have for some time past been falling into serious disrepair. In the jSTorthwest Territories, stations, similar in character to that last described, have Tjeen constructed at Wood Mountain, Pendant d'Oreille, Coutts and Oardston. Arrang-ements were made last spring with the Commissioner of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police for the immediate construction of the stations above mentioned, as also of a similar one at Roche Percee, and funds for the purpose were placed at his disposal. Owing to various reasons, however, the construction of these stations Avas seriously delayed, and it was not until late in the fall that those at Wood Mountain, 76 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Pendant d'Oreille and Coutts were available for use. Through difiicultie.s regarding location, the construction of those at Roche Percee and Cardston has not yet been commenced. In September last, I visited among other places in British Columbia, Gateway, Nelson. Rossland, Grand Porks. Midway, Vancouver and Victoria, and at each place selected a suitable site, and made preliminary arrangements for the construction of quarantine stations similar to those erected in Manitoba and the Xorthwest Terri- tories. The necessity for this departure is urgent, as owing to the large importation of live stock from the Northwestern States, in which various contagious diseases of animals are well known to exist, it is imperative that our inspectors should be placed in a position to detain and examine in a thorough and systematic manner all ship- ments in regard to which they may entertain any suspicion. The construction of the corrals in British Columbia will be proceeded with as soon as possible in the hope of having them ready when heavy shipments recommence with the recrudescence of immigration in the spring. CAR IXSPECTIOX. Mucla valuable work has been done during the year in securing the cleansing and disinfection of cars conveying animals from infected districts. The higher officers of the railway companies have shown themselves on every occasion willing to meet the wishes of the department in regard to this matter. The same cannot be said for all their subordinates, iipon whom it is, occasionally, very difficult to impress the importance of having suspected cars properly dealt with. A great improvement has, however, been effected, through close and constant supervision by our inspectors. On several occasions during the year, suspected cars were returned to ordinary traffic in a dirty condition, but in almost every case, by a free use of the telegraph, they were traced and promptly disinfected before being again used for the conveyance of animals. A distinct advance has been made in securing the cleaning and disinfection of all cars conveying cattle from the mange infected district in the Northwest Territories to outside points, for slaughter or export. There is no doubt that the use of these cars was formerly the means of conveying contagion to stockers' and settlers' cattle going west, creating an erroneous impression in the minds of owners in the range country that mange existed in the eastern provinces. The officials of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company have co-operated with our officers in this work in a most gratifying manner. STOCK YARDS. A steady improvement in the stockyard accommodation of the Dominion has taken place during the past year, although at some points, notably at Montreal and Van- couver, the existing arrangements are anj^thing but satisfactory. The railway author- ities, however, have promised that new yards will be constructed at both of these points in the near future. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company did much valuable work during the past summer in thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting almost all of their yards from Win- nipeg west. They also, at my suggestion, set aside certain yards for the use of animals in transit from the mange infected area for slaughter or export, thus obviating the neces- sity of subjecting cattle shipped west to the risk of infection, when unloaded for rest or feeding. It is my intention during the coming year to still further perfect the system of yard inspection, by appointing local officers with supervision over certain districts. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 MEAT INSPECTION. The establisliiiient, on a small scale, of an export trade in meat has led to a de- mand for inspection certificates such as are supplied by the Bureau of Animal Indus- try, to persons exporting dead meat from the United States. There are at present, as far as I am aware, no trained meat inspectors in the Dom- inion. I need scarcely point out that this lack of skilled experts will prove very awk- ward if the trade, which has now made a small beginning, develops as we hope and expect it may. I would suggest that steps be taken immediately to remedy this defect by giving a number of our younger veterinary inspectors an opportunity of acquiring a thorough knowledge of the subject. I think this might be done bj^ establishing a course of instruction at the Biolog- ical Liboratory here, as I am satisfied that if given reasonable assistance. Dr. Higgins would be quite capable of imparting the scientific and technical knowledge required. MISCELLANEOUS. In addition to the special meetings called for the purpose of discussing with western stock owners, the question of the eradication of mange, and the annual meet- ing of the Western Stock Growers' Association, it was my privilege, during the year, to address severalother important gatherings. Among these, may be mentioned the public meeting held in connection with the Fat Stock Show at Guelph, and the meet- ing of the National Live Stock Association Vhich took place in Ottawa last March, at which time I also delivered an address en the breeding of remounts, be-fore a gathering of these attejiding the Fat vStock Show. For reasons which will 1 e apparent to those who were present on that occasion, I have thought it advisable to append to this report a copy of the address in question which will be found at page 183. During; the same month, I addressed a meeting of Horse Breeders assembled in Toronto, at the time of the Spring Stallion show, on the svibject of Stable Hygiene. At the request of the management of the Dominion Exhibition which was held at Winnipeg in July, I officiated as judge in a number of light horse classes exhibited there. In August, I Avas fortunate enough to be able to attend the annual meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association which was held in St. Louis. This was a most successfiil gathering, at which were present many of the leading veterinarians of the United States and Canada. Several subjects of great importance from a veter- inary sanitary point of view were discussed, among which may be specially mentioned, glanders, scabies and contagious abortion. Regarding the two former, miich valuable information was elicited, the combined experience of the veterinarians engaged in the ^\'ork of state control of animal diseases being highly interesting and instructive. With regard to the last mentioned malady much uncertainty still prevails, even among the highest veterinary authorities. The subject, while a most serious one, is not yet sufliciently understood to render government interference advisable or likely to be productive of satisfactory results. A great deal of attention is, however, being devoted to the question, and it is to be hoped that before long it will be possible to formulate a definite and intelligent policy, having for its object, the control and eradication of this costly scourge. It has also fallen to my lot during the year to take some share in the movement now in progress among Canadian veterinarians towards an improvement of the stand- ard of professional education. This branch of learning, although of the most vital importance to the live stock interests of the Dominion, has so far received little encouragement or support from any public source. It is to be hoped that the indif- 78 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ference heretofore displayed will ere long be replaced by an intelligent recognition of the necessity for according to Canadian veterinary education a status properly befit- ting its national importance, I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. J. G. KUTHERFOED, - Veterinary Director General. REPORT OE THE PATHOLOGIST, , (Chas. H. Higgixs, B.S., D.V,S.) Ottawa, October' 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit this, my sixth annual report as an ofiicer of the Department of Agriculture, my third as its Pathologist, covering my work from November 1, 1903, to October 31, 1904. The Biological Laboratory has become a greater necessity, and we have success- fully and economically undertaken the preparation of a biological product. Still greater advances can be made in the mannfactuie of these products, and it is our aim and intention to undertake the work just as soon as facilities and assistance "will allow without interfering with the present routine of the laboratory. The state- ment of last year, that the most serious drawback to our work was lack of assistance, still holds true, and the positive assurance has been given that this defect will soon be remedied. The remedying of this defect will allow the taking up of new investiga- tions on orig-inal lines "which cannot fail to be of immense importance to the agri- cultural resources of this country. As we are at present situated, the consideration of original research, save in few exceptions, is impossible, the routine of the laboratory being such that the necessary time is not available for the careful and painstaking study of the problems confronting us. Another need, which will. soon be a necessity if our efforts are to yield practical resiilts, is a suitable stable for experimenting on the animals susceptible to the disease or diseases which we may be studying, and it is essential that we have a build- ing constructed in such a manner as to render it practically if not absolutely germ- proof, which precaution will render counter infections impossible. The absolute ex- clusion of counter infections con only be expected in a building constructed of im- pervious material. The need of such stabling accommodation was mentioned in the report of the Veterinary Director General of last year, and I will not further dilate upon the necessity of this feature in the practical results to be obtained from our in- vestigations. Our acetylene gas plant is still giving satisfactory service, although its capacit • i-; taxed to the utmost and it -will ere long be necessary to increase the installation to meet the crnstantly growing demands of this institution. The experimental stage in the \ise of acetylene gas for bacteriological and other laboratories has passed, and for our particular work there is no other gas which will meet the requirements as econo- mically in isolated localities. There is absolutely no danger in such an installation provided there is exercised a similar amount of care as would be bestowed where ordinary coat gas is employed ; indeed, the safety and ease with which this gas can be manipulated, together with the absence of a gas-like odor when burning (noted where HEALTH OF AXIMALS 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 either coal or gasoline gas is used, due to the liberation of uneonsumed hydrocarbons), are considerations of moment. The further detailing of our needs as an institution is not pertinent to this report, for our growth has been healthy and will of necessity require further additions to our equipment proportionate with the work which we undertake. During the past year there have been ninety-three series of specimens received for diagnosis and save in these instances 'where the diagnoses have indicated an econ- omic importance, they will not be mentioned in this report. This material represents a smaller number of series than was received during the year preceding. The speci- mens were, however, of greater importance and representative of a greater variety of pathological conditions. This decrease in number was almost wholly due to the lessen- ed prevalence of hog-cholera, the number of specimens received from suspected cases of this infection being but about half that of the preceding year. The details of interest connected with our work and other remarks will be found under the various headings which follow. CATTLE DIP. The order relative to the dipping of range cattle for the eradication of mange, created the necessity of a means by which the strength of the dip could be determined. On the request of the Veterinary Director General, this work was undertaken. The initial step in this connection was the precipitation of the sulphur with a saturated aqueous solution of oxalic acid, but this method from the outset seeraed too cumber- some for the needs of the inspector in the field, principally on accouint of the tima consvimed, it being necessary to wait at least half an hour for the precipitate to settle before an accurate reading could be made. Knowing that the density of chemical solutions bears a direct relationship to the amount of any given chemical or chemicals contained therein, the hydrometer test was used on several samples of dips, and it was found that when dips were prepared according to a definite formula and a given tech- nique, the hydrometer readings would correspond. To more accurately arrive at definite results, several samples of dips, each of which had given a certain hydrometer reading, were sent to the chemical laboratories of the Experimental Farm with a request that the amount of sulphvir contained in each be determined. The results of the chemical examinations went to show that there was a distinct relationship between the hydrometer reading and the i>ercentage of sulphur in soliition. The reading of the Canada Official Dip* with the hydrometer was 1023 -5 and the chemical analysis revealed the presence of 1 -Ql per cent of sulphur in solution. The instrument which seems to be the most practical for this hydrometer test is the ordinary urin- onaeter used by physicians, and the form having the thermometer blown in the instru- ment is to be preferred as the allowance for the correction necessary when the tem- perature of the liquid is above 60 degrees Fahrenheit, is automatically made, it only being necessary to add this correction to the reading on the stem of the instrument in the accurate determining of the strength of the dip. There is another point to be noted, namely, that in urinometers, water is reckoned as 0, while in the hydrometer it is considered as 1000. Thus a solxition giving an hydrometer reading of 1023 -5 would give a reading of 23 -5 when using a urinometer. Dip exposed to the action of atmospheric air rapidly decomposes and should for this reason be tested immediately before use. A thin coating of oil on its surface will prevent this decomposition should it for any reason be necessary to allow the dip to stand after preparation, for any length of time. * The Canada official dip consists of: — 10 pounds fresh lime, twenty-four pounds of sul- phur and 100 gallons (Imp. Br. measure) of water. In my experiments this mixture was boiled two hours. 80 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD Vli., A. 1905 Further experiments in the preparation of the lime and sulphur dips have been conducted along the lines mentioned by Dr. A. T. Peters, of the Nebraska Experiment Station. At the meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association in August last he made the statement that by the addition of glycerine in the proper amount to the freshly fused lime and sulphur, the mass could easily be brought into solution at any subsequent time. In my experiments I have mixed all of the ingredients, including the glycerine and then boiled the same for a period of two hours. After the mixture had been boiled the requisite time it was made into cakes, the surfaces being coated with parafine. These cakes are easily dissolved at any subsequent time and the fluid after decanting will give the same hydrometer reading as that obtained by dissolving a cake in a similar amount of water immediately after its preparation. The preparation of the dip in this manner may have some advantages, in that it can be prepared where facilities are available and tlie cakes taken to the dipping vats where they can be dissolved, the only fire necessary being that required to bring the dip to the proi>er temperature as mentioned in Bulletin No. 10, page 7, on ' Mange,' prepared by the Veterinary Director General. The formula used in the preparation of this ' tablet form ' dip was : — Fresh lime, 10 pounds. Sulphur, 24 pounds. Water, 10 quarts. Glycerine, 5 quarts. This must be boiled vigorously for two hours, during which time the evaporation will have been sufficient to make the mass of the proper consistency and may then be poured into a tin or other container for transportation. If it is necessary to allow this to stand for some time after preparation the surface should be coated with para- fine to prevent decomposition on the surface. Prepared as above it can be diluted with one hundred gallons of water to make a dip of the proper strength. ANTHRAX. The services of the laboratory have been called upon repeatedly during the past year for opinions as to whether or not sudden deaths in certain cases were due to the Bacillus Anthracis. In only one instance has this infective agent been found. In this connection I desire to point out the necessity for more careful observation when animals are suspected of dying from anthrax. The possible causes of death other than anthrax infection should receive careful consideration, as it is much more diffi- cult to make a diagnosis after a report of negative microscopical findings. TUBERCULOSIS. The services of the laboratory have been repeatedly called upon for the micros- copical examination of tissues suspected to contain evidences of tuberculosis. The most important material of this nature consisted of some fowls sent in, that we might determine the cause of their unthriftiness. Tuberculosis was identified in two in- stances. A more detailed statement concerning this affection in poultry will be made in connection with iDOiiltry diseases. The need for further investigations on tuberculosis in Canada are as pressing as ever, new lines have been suggested by various workers and we can with profit under- take original research. TUBERCULIN. During the past year there have been 2,G49 dcses of tuberculin sent from the laboratory to inspectors and others on the order of the Veterinary Director General, against 2,391 doses for the year preceding. Small quantities have been prepared ex- HEALTH OF ANIMALS 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 perimentally and cultures have been kept growing with, a view to the ultimate pro- duction of sufficient to meet the needs of the department. I append hereto a state- ment indicating the amounts sent out each month. 1903-1904. November 326 December 326 January 350 February 303 March 295 April 146 May 272 June 119 July 123 August 173 jj-.- , September 70 October 146 Total 2,649 GLANDERS — MALLEIN. The most important work in connection with glanders relates to the production of mallein. There have been sent from the laboratory 3,153 doses on order of the Veteri- nary Director General against 1,353 doses of the preceding year. We have with the exception of 316 doses required when starting on this work, manu- factured the whole of the supply needed to meet the demands of the department. The amount sent out does not include the entire production as it is our aim to supply a product that is fresh and potent, which has necessitated the throwing away of some of our manufactured product which may have been potent but which we did not wish to have used on account of its age. The average cost for the year has been eleven cents per dose as shipped from the laboratory. This estimate includes labour, gas and material with an allowance for the breakage of glassware, &e. The mallein pre- viously supplied has cost twenty-two and one half cents per dose, with an additional expense for bottles, corks, labels and labour necessary in preparing it for use. A monthly statement of the doses dispensed for the past year is as follows : — jSTovember 291 December 40 January 135 February 155 March 203 April 184 May 412 June 422 July 75 August 560 September 305 October 371 Total 3,153 PICTOU CATTLE DISEASE. Specimens have been received during the past year from eight suspected cases of Pictou cattle disease. These specimens were obtained, in four instances, from ex- 15—6 82 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 perimental animals (Nos. 16, 17, 8 and 11, laboratory numbers 271, 272, 285 and 286 respectively), of the Antigonish experimental station. For a statement as to the man- ner of feeding, care and clinical history of these four cases refer to the report of Dr. W. H. Pethicl^, Inspector in charge of the station. The lesion associated with the disease, as pointed out by Osier, Wyatt, Johnson and Adami, is the cirrhotic condition of the liver. The deposit of fibrous tissue is noted chiefly about the smaller bile ducts (plate XIII) and there is atrophy of the liver cells. From this invasion of fibrous connective tissue about the bile ducts (peri- I>ortal), we note also its deposit between the individual cells (peri-cellular). The lymph glands of the mesentery are somewhat swollen and contain bacteria, but pre- sent no marked lession. These bacteria, which are also found in the liver, were first thought by Adami* to hear a direct relationship to the affection, but have since been identified as a form of the Bacillus coli.* I have found these bacteria in the tissues and have also studied them in cultures. It is my opinion that they bear no relation to the causo of the affection, but gain access to the tissues through the lowered vitality and resistance of the cells. The livers of the experimental cases have in every instance, presented lesions not distinguishable from the lesions above mentioned, which have in turn been studied by Osier, "Wyatt Johnson, Adami and myself. Dr. Pethick has mentioned in a personal letter the presence of the stomach ulcers in these experimental cases. We cannot then, conclude otherwise, than that these experimental cases are true cases of Pictou cattle disease. I present herewith three micro-photographs (plates XII, XIII, XIV) showing the lesions found in the liver of animals suffering from various stages of this affec- tion. It will be noted that plate XIV is a micro-photograph of a section of the liver from experimental case No. 11 (laboratory number 286). HOG CHOLERA. Specimens of suspected hog cholera have been received from time to time with the request that an opinion be given as to the presence or absence of lesions. From the records of these cases the fact is noted that there have been fewer specimens sent in than in preceding years and I believe this is due to the thorough and effective manner of dealing with this affection during the past two years. Original investi- gations with this disease have not been pursued during the past year. A photograph of the lesions in a hog returning from St. Louis is found on plate XL , VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS IN HOGS. The prevalence of venninous bronchitis in hogs was mentioned in my report of 1902, and a great many lungs, infested with Strongylus paradoxus, the nematode worm causing this affection have been received during the year just ended. This affection seems little understood and is frequently mistaken for other conditions, when a careful search would reveail its positive agent. A microscopic examination is not required in its diagnosis. The nematode worm, Strongylus paradoxus, is described by Neumann as follows : — * Mouth encircled by six lips, the two lateral being the largest. Male, 16 mm. to 25 mm., long; caudal pouch deeply bilobate, each lobe being sustained by five ribs. Spiculai slender and very long. Female, 20 mm. to 40 mm., long with curved mucron- ated tall ; vulva situated on a pre-anal eminence. Oviparous and ovoviviparous. Habi- tat, the bronchii of the pig and wild boar and also sheep according to Koch.' ♦Annual report of the Minister of Agriculture, 1894. Page S9. * Annual report of the Minister of Agricul ture, 1901. Page 132. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 In an animal but slightly infested with these worms their presence might easily pass unnoticed, but an increase in numbers renders the symptoms more prominent. We may note evidences of bronchial catarrh with difficult and painful respiration. A loose cough may be observed when the animal is required to move. Recovery may take place spontaneously where the animal is vigorous and the parasites are few. The treatment of this affection consists mainly in its prevention, from the fact that it is very difficult to use medicinal agent=; which will affect the parasites without endangering the life of the host. The animals should be allowed plenty of good clean bedding in a dry well-ventilated place. Thoy should be removed to quarters not con- taminated by the eggs which may be discharged with mucus from an infested animal. Once a certain piece of land is infected th^ hogs should be removed and the ground cultivated. The diagnosis is very easy and the photographs (plates IX and X) will be of some assistance. The surface of the lung has a mottled appearance similar to that seen in broncho-pneumonia. In slitting open the bronchii worms are found and can easily be seen without the aid of a magnifying glass. Where there is but a slight infestation, some searching may be required and the smaller bronchioles followed, when, if the worms are present they will be found curled up and surrounded by mucus, the secretion of which has been stimulated by their presence. DISINFECTANTS. A sample of disinfecting material was received at the laboratory and a report as to its efficiency forwarded to the department. The material in question being like a large portion of the disinfecting agents, of proprietary origin, as also were a number of those with which it was compared, and as it is impossible to publish results which will hold for all the material sold under any given trade name, there being, unfortun- ately, some unscrupulous manufacturers of these products, I do not deem it wise to in- corporate these data in this report. The technique followed in determining the effi- ciency is essentially that of Sternberg with modifications to meet our requirements. POULTRY DISEASES. Poultry diseases in Canada have received very little attention with the exception of the admirable work carried on at the Guelph Agricultural College under the direc- tion of Prof. Harrison. The subject is an intensely interesting one, and withal im- portant, that the exact cause of any unthriftiness in a flock may be determined and in- telligently dealt with. Since my first research on a disease at St. Anne de Bellevue, Que., in 1895, which proved to be very similar if not identical to the true Euroi)ean fowl cholera (which I may say is the only recorded instance of a disease so closely simulating that affection on this continent) every opportunity to study poultry dis- eases has been taken advantage of and m,uch information has been gained with an im- portant bearing on the diseases of other species of animals. I have during the past year examined many fowls sent to the laboratory and believe that much assistance has been rendered from the actual diagnosis of the condition present in the infected birds. Intestinal parasites have been common and will continue to be so till such time as those who aim to gain profit from the rearing of poultry learn that fowls must be kept under proper hygenic conditions if intestinal parasitic infestations and other diseases are to be avoided. The parasites most commonly found were round worms and tape worms. Of the round worms two varieties only have been identified, Hete- rakis differens and Heterahis inflexa. The former has been found in all save four birds examined, while the latter has been found in three instances only. The former ■does not necessarily exert any marked deleterious influence save when found in great 15— 6i 84 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 numbers. The latter when few are pi-esent may cause great emaciation and even death. Tape worms have been found quite frequently. Any of the worms are easily detected when present, by slitting the intestine open with a pair of scissors and gently washing in luke warm water. When parasites are found an effort should be made toward eradi- cation as the droppings are infected. Individual birds may be treated with santonin if their value is sufficient to warrant such a proceedure. Our most important work on poultry disorders was the identification of tuber- culosis in two instances. In a fowl received from Enderby, British Columbia, and in one originting near Renfrew. In both cases the disease was well advanced, being gen- eralized throughout the organs of the abdominal cavity. The tubercular enteritis with the nodules present in the liver and spleen are well ?bown on Plate VIII. There can be no doubt that a fowl infected to such a marked degree must have been a constant menace to all others with which it rn^y have come in contact, as countless numbers of bacilli were present in the faeces. This is, I believe, the first identification of poultry tuberculosis in Canada. It has been identified, by a worker at the Oregon Experiment Station* and by Moore and Ward f in California. Many suspected outbreaks have been reported, but with the exception of those indicated above, lack positive identification. Those interested, in poultry-raising should take great pains to determine the axaet cause of any unthriftiness in their fowls, and if it is found that tuberculosis is present every means should be adopted for its eradicalinn, otherwise the value of the flock will be greatly depreciated. Tuberculin has been shown by Wardt to be valueless in fowl tuberculosis. He has used with other tuberculins that prepared from Avian tubercle bacilli. If tuberculin were of value in diagnosing fowl tuberculosis, its use would be restricted to valuable birds and to exi)erimental work, as its application would entail too great an expense for a testing out of infected birds in even a small flock. In its eradication one can not be too careful of their disinfecting measures. Its introduction into iminfected poultry yards should be guarded against by a careful consideration of the origin and history of any fowls which may be introduced and as an additional safeguard new fowls should be kept isolated and under observation for some little time before being allowed to run with other fowls. As a precautionary measure, good sani- tary surroundings with plenty of sunlight, fresh air, clean water and good food will do much toward its prevention. ACTINOBACILLOSIS. The most important work of the year has been the preparation of a bulletin* on this disease, which has for the first time been described on the North American con- tinent. Since its preparation, however, some additional data has been obtained, a brief resume of which will be of interest. In one case, a guinea-pig inoculated subcutaneously in the flank region, the char- acteristic lesions were present at the angle of the jaw. These lesions consisted of the fluctuating tumor masses with abscess formation, in the pus of which the peculiar granules were observed on microscopic examination. The external lymphatics were enlarged, but there were no microscopic internal lesions. An outbreak has been observed in which many animals were affected simultan- eously, and the only introduction into the herd was a steer which had changed hands a number of times on account of his general unthriftiness and the presence of a dis- charging abscess at the angle of the jaw. On seeing the animals, I made the pro- visional diagnosis, that the affection was due to the bacillus of Actinobacillosis, and * Proc. Am. Vet'. Med. Ass., 1903, page 185. t Avian Tuberculosis. V. A. Moore and A. R. Moore, Proc. Am. "Vet. Med. Ass., 1903. Page 169. t Ward. Proc. Am. Vet. Med. Assn., 1904. Rpt. Comm. on Diseases. * Bulletin No. 1. Biological laboratory series. See page. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 this diagnosis was confirmed by an autopsy on a three-year-old heifer badly affected in the region of the throat and tongue. The history of the steev in question indicated that a number of animals in every herd with which he had associated had been affected similarly, but that they had recovered when treated with either the empirical lump-jaw remedies, or by potassium iodide in the hands of a veterinarian. The disease in the outbreak referred to was of a mild type and it was with difficulty that animals could be experimentally infected with the cultures obtained therefrom. I believe that the climatic conditions peculiar to Canada are responsible for our not having more acute cases of this affection and for its easy control when it does occur. In concluding my report, I desire to express my appreciation of the efforts of the Veterinary Director General, Dr. J. G. Eutherford, who has ever been ready and will- ing to offer timely advice and encouragement in the conduct of the laboratoiy work. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, CHAS. H. HIGGIXS, B.S., D.V.S., Pathologist. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (A. E. Moore, D.V.S.) Ottawa, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this, my annual report for the year ended October 31, 1904. GLANDERS. This year I have made 229 tests with mallein. The horses were all in small lots, in about seventy different places. Horses tested for the first time 114 " " second time 56 " " third time 28 " " fourth time 25 « " fifth time 3 " " after being ceased reactors for one year 3 The total number destroyed was forty; seven of which were destroyed on clinical symptoms alone, and thirty-three after being tested. Of the thirty-three, twenty-six showed clinical symptoms of glanders; the remaining seven, which were free from clini- cal symptoms of the disease, were destroyed after the Order in Council of the 19th of September was passed. For these animals the owners received compensation. I have examined a large number of horses clinically, especially in Ottawa, Hull and the surrounding country. In many of these cases the suspicious symptoms were due to distemper and in a few to diseased teeth. MANGE IX HORSES. In April, I discovered several horses in the city of Hull which were affected with Sarcoptic mange. While dealing with these cases, I was informed that there were 86 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 horses affected with the same disease at Caledonia Springs. I proceeded to Caledonia Springs where I found the disease on eight different farms, twelve horses being affect- ed. In tracing the origin of certain diseased horses, I was obliged to go to Vankleek Hill. While there I visited Drs. Metcalfe and Irvine, who informed me that the disease was extremely prevalent in their district and that they had been treating it for some time. I obtained from them the names of all the people who owned horses that were actually affected, or whose premises had ever been infected. I then employed a most reliable guide and through his thorough knowledge of the people and the country- was able to visit 60 farms where the disease actually existed, affecting eighty-nine horses. I visited a great many other farms where horses had been successfully treated, and ordered the disinfection of the stables, where it had not already been properly- done. Where mange was found, I inspected the horses on all adjacent farms and in this way saw 'a great many horses in this vicinity. I found the disease usually in Bmiail .centres from two or three farms to six or eight f amis, often carried to these centres by horse traders. As Vankleek Hill seemed to be the centre of the infected district, and diseased horses were coming to that place every day, I deemed it advisable to order the disin- fection of all the public stables, tying sheds, blacksmith shops, and tying posts. Many cases dem'anded persistent treatment and the people, with few exceptions,^ did everything in their power to assist me in stamping out this troublesome malady. The result of our work has been highly satisfactory, all cases that have been dealt with were cured, and disinfection promptly done. Dr. Geo. Higginson co-operated with me and finally took entire charge of this outbreak. During the year I quarantined and ordered ninety-five mangy horses tested. Eighty-nine being in the province of Ontario and six in the province of Quebec. Sixty private stables and thirty public xjlaces were ordered disinfected. Six horses died, and several, being worthless were killed by the owners instruc- tions. Symbiotic scabies affected a large number of horses in one firai in the city of Ottawa ; they have been successfully treated. TUBERCULOSIS. I have tested sixty-seven head of cattle with tuberculin ; twenty being pure- bred c'attle for export to the United States. Ten were diseased. Forty-seven were high grade cows which were for shipment to South Africa. One was diseased. I ear-marked twenty-one reacting cattle which were tested at the owners' expense. HOG CHOLERA.. I have dealt with only three outbreaks of this disease during the year. They were confined to three farms and only a few hogs were infected. No newly-infected dis- tricts came to my notice. I visited one farm, where I found hogs to be suffering from verminous bronchitis. SHEEP SCAB. I have investigated one outbreak of sheep scab this year. The owner succeeded in stamping the disease out after considerable trouble. When I first visited this farm only one ram was very slightly affec^eJ. 1 ciiiaraiitined all the sheep on the premises, however, and ordered the ram to bn dipped. Later quite a number of the ewes became infected. The owner persisted in his treatment and finally cured them all. This might ha\^e been a very serious outbreak, as the owner is a large breeder of sheep, and makes HEALTH OF ANIMALS 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 many sales during the year. This ram came from the Toronto exhibition and was found to be infected shortly after his arrival. TYPHOID INFLUENZA. In July it was reported to this department that many horses were dying at Grarden River, Ont. Acting on instinictions, I visited that place on July 30, and found about twenty horses belonging to one firm affected with typhoid influenza. I held a post- mortem on two cases and found the characteristic lesions. Dr. McCann, of Mattawa, had charge of the cases, and was very successful in his treatment. There were several other outbreaks of this disease in the neighbourhood of Sud- bury, which were being treated by Dr, Taylor. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. A. E. MOORE, Inspector. (M. C. Baker, D.V.S.) Montreal, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report for the year ending October 31, During the year I inspected and passed for shipment at the Canadian Pacific Rail- way stock yards, Hochelaga, 71,388 head of cattle and 31,732 sheep; only 14 swine were shipped, these being shipped to South Africa. There were 84,583 cattle and 29,079 sheep shipped last year when the shipments of cattle were exceptionally large owing to the embargo in Britain against cattle shipped from United States ports. The inspection is distributed monthly, as follows : — Months 1903. November 1904. November to IVIay . May June July August September October Total . Ranche Cattle. Domestic. 2,791 9,673 6,955 6,724 8,243 18 6,615 7,442 5,802 4,753 3,500 2,186 26,143 38,559 United States Cattle. 1,350 300 1,8.57 1,212 561 234 1,038 134 6,686 Canadian Sheep. 6,740 569 3,150 2,999 3,446 5,540 7,293 29,737 United States Sheep. 1,334 661 1,995, Gi and total for cattle 71,388 Grand total for sheep 31,732 During the year there were rejected as unfit for shipment one hundred and four- teen head of cattle, sixty-five sheep, mainly on account of lameness or injuries received in tv: "it. The only diseases of a contagious nature, four cases of actinomycosis 88 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 and thirty-seven cases that were suspicious of mange. Whilst I was not positive that these animals were actually affected with n.atige, T r"jnsidered them suspicious and therefore ordered all such cases sent to the slaughter house. In February last I received instructions from the Veterinary Director General to inspect all Canadian cattle and sheep passing through Montreal for export via Boston and Portland, 4,302 head of cattle, 991 ?hc-ep ("these are included in the num- bers given above), 2,103 head of cattle, 875 sheep also included above, were loaded at Quebec and Three Rivers. I had hoped to report that the old stockyards would have besn entirely reorganized or new ones built in the early part of the present season. But the railway authorities claim that owing to the amount of construction over the line they were not able to get the stockyards ; but I am assured by Mr, Oborne the General Superintendent, that the plans for new yards are well under way and that new yards will be positively ready fob* the opening of navigation next spring and that it is the intention to have these yards covered and floored. A portion of the present yards have been in such a state owing to the mud, that I could not allow cattle in them during the latter part of the season, allowing only the floored and covered portions to be used. I was sent for in September to see a sick heifer at Como, found the animal dying from symptomatic anthrax (black quarter). I ordered the carcass to be burned, and the field fenced off, to prevent other cattle getting in to it. This was done and rno further cases have occurred. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, M. C. BAKER, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (Chas. McEachran, D.V.S.) Montreal, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I beg to report during the year commencing November 1, 1903, and ending October 31, 1904, there were inspected, found free from disease and shipped from the port of Montreal to Great Britain, 294 head of horses. Three horses were held back, viz. : One suffering from strangles and two from influenza. There were imported to Canada during the year via port of Montreal, 440 head of horses, viz., 266 stallions, 169 mares, 3 geldings and 2 colts. All were inspected and allowed to go forward to their destinations. The exportations and importations have been as follows : — Months. Exportation. Rejected. Importation. November 1903. 32 65 67 19 27 45 39 3 48 May 1904. 19 June 87 July August September October 2 73 52 159 Total 294 3 <40 HEALTH OF ANIMALS 89 SEbSIONAL PAPER No. 15 IMPORTATION. Stallions. Mares. Geldings. Colts. Total. Clydesdales Shires 197 15 2 2 4 13 16 8 9 104 2 2 Knglish Thoroug'hbi'(>d Suffolk Punch B(Xilanaise . Percheron . . 1 3 59 Hackney Ponies 3 266 169 3 2 440 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, CHARLES McEACHRAN, « Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (B. A. SUGDEN, D.V.S.) Montreal, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to report to you upon the inspections of live stock made at the Grand Trunk Stock Yards, Montreal, during the period extending from JSTovem- ber 1, 1903, to October 31, 1904. The monthly shipments have been as follows : — Month. Canadian Cattle. U.S. Cattle. Canadian Sheep. U.S. Sheep. 1903. 3,731 3,557 6,271 7,832 7,639 5,346 4,036 126 2,439 2,036 732 189 2,210 1,541 5,866 18 859 3.704 1,518 2,772 4,105 1904. May June July September 659 Total Cattle and Sheep 38,412 9,273 47,685 9,273 18,842 659 19,501 659 .90 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 In February, 1904,- the inspection of Canadian cattle and sheep passing through Montreal for shipment at the port of Boston and Portland was commenced. Since that date the monthly shipments have been as follows : — Month. February.. March . . ' April May June July August September October Total. Boston. Portland. Cattle. 75 556 529 1,136 1,370 1,656 1,298 1,558 Sheep. 8,178 561 301 Cattle. 971 1,152 1,279 1,205 1,442 2,566 2,771 2,657 1,775 1,011 1,833 15,858 Sheep. 124 252 132 3,746 3,769 2,404 1,717 12,144 During the past year one hundred and nineteen cattle were rejected, thirty-one affected with actinomycosis, one tuberculosis, two blind, thirty-one mangy. The bal- ance for sore feet or injuries received during transportation. There were fifty sheep rejected for sore feet and various injuries received during transportation. From ISTovember, 1903, to October 31, 1904, the following United States cattle and sheep passed through Montreal for shipment at Portland and Boston : — Cattle. Sheep. Portland 18,446 29,411 Boston 7,879 1,849 26,325 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, B. A. 31,260 The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. SUGDEN, Inspector. (J. H. Frink, V.S.) St. John, N.B., October 31, 1904. Sm,— I beg to submit my annual report concerning inspection of animals at this port and district. Animals Inspected for Export. — Great Britain and South Africa : Cattle inspected, 31,072 ; sheep inspected, 22,750 ; horses, 31. Three shipments of cattle, after inspection here, were sent forward to Halifax for loading. The total number of cattle being 30,220 placed on shipboard here. All these, with the exception of one shipment by ss. ' Oriana,' went to Great Britain. Two cattle were condemned with actinomycosis, one with acute glossitis, fifty-nine cattle were condemned for lameness and injuries in HEALTH OP ANIMALS 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 transit; two died in the yards from intestinal disorders, and fifteen sheep were also condemned for injuries; two sheep were condemned, suspicious of scab. The Canadian Pacific stockyards were not maintained as well as they should have been after the month of February, and it became necessary for me to officially notify the railway that these must be kept in a clean and comfortable condition. This work was not done as promptly as I would have liked, and was only completed by continued urging. Inspection of Animals — Mange : In February, information reached me, that mange on horses, existed in a public stable within the city limits, and from this source it was being distributed about the countiy. Examination of the subjects and inquiry into the history, left no doubt as to the diagnosis and character of the disease. Micro- scopic investigation by the bacteriologist at Ottawa, confirming this. This place was at once quarantined, and the horses which had escaped before my entrance were followed and quarantined, and kept under surveillance until discharged. Some animals were so badly affected that they were destroyed by the owners. The work of eradication was facilitated by the majority of the owners submitting cheerfully to quarantine re- strictions. A few people endeavoured to frvistrate the work of the department, but when it was made perfectly clear to them that violators would be summarily dealt with according to law, resistance ceased. Eighteen horses were found affected during the year, and nearly all were directly traced to a single centre of infection. The usual remedies were resorted to with sulphur as a base. A very efficacious remedy was found in bi-chloride of mercury soap. There does not appear at this time of writing to have been any further outbreaks in the province. The disease in question, I think, originated here from range horses brought in from the western states by the Imperial government for shipment to South Africa, but at the close of the war were sold to various parties. Anthrax.^ — Information having been furnished me that several cattle had died suddenly on the f ann of Joseph Stackhouse, Upper Loch Lomond, St. John county, and that contagious disease was suspected, an inspection and post-mortem examinatioii was made, the bacillus of anthrax was easily identified on miscroscopical examination; five cattle died, the carcasses were burned and the stables cleansed and thoroughly dis- infected. Tuberculosis. — A number of cattle were subjected to the tuberculin test, belonging to Governor Snowball. These animals were found free. Fifteen head of cattle imported from Scotland by ss. ' Lakonia ' were subjected to the tuberculin test in quarantine. Six animals reacted, and one suspicious. These six were permanently ear-marked and one branded on the hoof. TRANSPORTATION OF ANIMALS FROM GREAT BRITAIN AND HOLLAND. 1903. — Dec. 17. — Three head Berkshire swine imported by Wm. Linton, Aurora, Ont., from Scotland. 1904 — February 17. — Fifty head Holstein cattle from Antwerp, ex ss. 'Mont- rose,' 46 cows and 4 bulls. Eighteen calves were born in quarantine. At the expiration of ninety days these were discharged, having been subjcted to the tuberculin test by the United States veterinary officer in Holland. These animals were consigned to Messrs. Ward, Mitchell, Knowles, Syracuse, IST.Y. State. March 23. — Fifteen cattle, twelve shorthorn, three polled Angus, were imported from Scotland, by Graham, Carberry. Man. These were detained, ninety and fifteen days, respectively, in quarantine and discharged. December 7. — Seven horses imported, ex ss. ' Lakonia,' Glasgow, by D. Campbell, Alverston, Ont., and J. Graham, Carberry, Man. 92 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 February 2. — Sixteen horses imported, ex ss. ' Tritonia,' Glasgow, by Thomas Graham, Claremont, Ont. March 23. — Twenty-one horses imported by J. Graham, Carberry, Man., ex ss. * Lakonia,' Glasgow. April 9. — Ten horses impoi-ted by Quebec government, ex ss. ' Montezuma,' from Rotterdam — Belgian breed. The animals were inspected and found free from contagious and infectious disease and were allowed to proceed. INSPECTED FROM UNITED STATES. 1903. — Two head swine, imported by R. K. Britton, Woodstock, N.B., quarantined fifteen days and discharged. 1904. — May 18. — One Guernsey bull, imported by Walter McMonagle, Sussex, N.B., from United States, being accompanied by necessary health certificates, was allowed to proceed. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, JAMES H. FRINK, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (Wm. Jakeman, D.V.S.) Halifax, N.S., October 31, 1904. Sm, — I beg leave to submit my annual report of animals inspected at port of Halifax, N.S., for one year ended October 31, 1904. Animals inspected for export at Halifax, N.S., 1903-04. Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. November. December.. January . . February. . March . . April . . . . May •Tune . . . July August. . . . September. October . . , 1903. 1904. 28 4 21 2 15 2 1 1 1 351 1 1,779 1,1.54 1,134 603 784 103 84 596 604 143 142 151 10 90 20 113 160 15 3 i" 24 3 4 164 5,822 2,216 54 HEALTH OF ANIMALS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Animals inspected for Import at Halifax, N.S., 1903-04. 93 Horses. 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 Cattle. Sheep. Swine. 1903. 1904. Januarv ■ April May 3 3 12 3 3 I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, WM. JAKEMAIT, Inspector: The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (A. A. Leckie, M.RC.V.S.) Charlottetown, P.E.L, October 31, 1904 Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of animals inspected at the port of Charlottetown, P.E.L, for the year ended October 31, 1904. Animals inspected for Export at Charlottetown, P.E.L Hers 1903. November December . 1904. April May June July August. . . . September. October. . . . 11 1 17 8 3 9 6 4 59 Cattle. 20 20 85 238 242 212 46 20 36 919 Sheep. 1,935 143 16 182 365 278 220 341 1,955 5,435 Swine. 26 9 35 94 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Animals inspected for Import. Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. 4 4 I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. A. A. LECKIE, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture. Ottawa. (J. A. Couture, D.V.S.) Quebec, P.Q., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to send my annual report for the twelve months ended to-day. During that period we have admitted into this quarantine station 857 animals being : — Cattle 286 Sheep 370 Swine 144 Goats 67 Total 857 The cattle were of the following breeds : — Shorthorns 100 Galloways 81 Holsteins 41 Ayrshires 25 Simmenthales 18 Aberdeen Angus 9 Brown Swiss 8 Herefords 2 West-Highland 1 Kerry 1 Total 286 HEALTH OF ANIMALIS 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The destination of these cattle was as follows : — Shorthorns for Canada .. .. 99 Galloways a — Holsteins a — Simmenthales a — Brown Swiss a — Ayrshires a 25 Aberdeen Angus a 9 Herefords u 2 West-Highland a 1 Kerry a 1 Total.. .. . ..137 For United States. 1 81 41 18 8 149 The sheep comprised eleven breeds as follows : — Shropshires 147 Oxfords 57 Cotswolds 55 Hampshires 40 South Downs 25 Lincolns 14 Dorsets 9 Cheviots .... Unknown. . . . . Romney Marsh Leicesters. . . . Total 370 The destination of these sheep was as follows : — Shropshires for Canada Oxfords Cotswolds " Hampshires " South Downs " Lincolns " Dorsets " Cheviots • " Unknown " Romney Marsh " Leicesters " 133 35 47 4 21 14 For United States 14 22 8 36 4 1 8 6 Total 271 99 The swine belonged to the following breeds : — Yorkshires. . . Berkshires. . . Poland China 98 44 2 Total. 144 96 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The goats belonged to the following breeds : — Toggenburg .... 27, being 15 for Canada and 12 for United States. Saanan eighteen Nubian Murcia Alpine Maltese being four for Canada and fourteen for United States. 1 for Canada. 2 3 " 6 " Total 57 There were seven deaths — being 2 calves and 5 goats. Five calves were born in quarantine. There were no contagious diseases. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. A. COUTURE, Superintendent. (W. H. Pethick, V.S.) Antigonish, N.S., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to inclose herewith a report dealing briefly with the work conducted at the experiment station at Antigonish during the year just ended. As the experiments now in train have not yet been extended over a sufficient length of time to warrant us in forming definite conclusions which if too hastily an-ived at may later on be found incorrect and misleading, I presume that an extended report will not be expected. Detailed reports in all matters in connection with the work have from time to time been forwarded to the Veterinary Director General. Under Dr. Rutherford's instruction, I have had the honour of conducting a num- ber of experiments with a view of answering, if possible, the following questions : — 1. Is Pictou Cattle Disease contagious ? (a.) By means of infected stables ? (b.) By direct contact with diseased animals ? 2. Is this disease caused by the ingestion of Ragwort (Senecio Jacobea). 3. Does feeding (good or poor) predispose or render more or less liable to disease ? 4. Medicinal treatment of this disease. Experiment No. 1. To learn if this disease is contagious through the medium of infected stables, if so, does good or poor feeding render more or less liable to disease. In this experiment sixteen young animals are employed, they are housed in an old frame stable in which thirty-six head of cattle had previously died of Pictou cattle disease, these animals are divided into lots of four and fed daily as follows : — A — D, sirfficient hay fed twice daily, 4 pounds grain mixture. E— H, " " " 2 " " I Z, " " " without grain. M — P, a restricted allowance of hay " HEALTH OF ANIMALS 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The hay fed in this stable is mixed clover and timothy, absolutely free from rag- wort, imported from Quebec. This experiment began November 24, 1903, and up to the present all the animala appear to be in excellent health and condition. Eayperiment No. 2. To decide whether the disease is caused by the ingestion of ragwort (Senecio Jacobea) if so, does good or poor feeding render more or less liable to disease. In this test sixteen young animals are employed and housed in a new isolated stable and have never been in contact with the disease or exposed to contagion in any manner. These animals are subdivided into lots of four, and fed daily as follows : — 1 — i sufficient hay containing Eagwort, 4 pounds grain mixture. 6_8 "- " « 2 9 — 12 " " " without grain. 13 — 16 a restricted allowance of hay containing Eagwort, without grain. The hay feed in this test is natural grasses with a liberal mixture of ragwort. The grain mixture consists of barley, oats and bran. The experiment in feeding began November 24, 1903. Animal No. 16 died of Pictou cattle disease, on July 19, 1904. " 8 "' '' " " Sept. 8, " '■ 11 " " " " Sept. 12 " Experiment No. 8. To ascertain if the feeding of ' Eagwort ' (cured by itself) would produce the dis- ease. In this test two healthy young anim'als were employed. No 17 was fed twice daily on chopped Eagwort with very little bran. No. 18 was fed twice daily on chopped oat straw with very little bran. The feeding began on November 24, 1903. No. 17 died of Pictou cattle disease on July 22, 1904 ; at the time of writing No. 18 appears to in good health. Contact experiment. To ascertain whether the disease is contagious by direct contact with animals affected with the malady. In this test two young animals, one of which had been well fed, the other rather poorly fed during the early winter, were placed in an isolated stable and tied in the same stall with a steer which Vas suffering with Pictou cattle disease. These animals were fed (upon imported hay) out of the same manger and watered from the one pail, also ran. together in a small pen wherj the maniu'e was allowed to accumulate and later on (in the summer) the contact 'animals were kept in an inclosure with other animals affected with the disease. This experiment began on April 7, 1904, and was repeated on June 17, and again on July 19, the diseased animals with which those were in contact usually living about 12 days. At this date, animals appear in good health and are in fine condition. Treatment. Those who are familiar with the nature of this disease (hepatic cirrhosis) will agree that a cure can hardly be expected and our only hope is to learn the cause, then advise the best means of prevention. Yet we appear to have had marked results from the use of some drugs in arresting the progress of the disease, at least for a time 15—7 98 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Our experiments along this line are veiy incomplete and it is necessary that the ani- mals under treatment, should be under observation for a much longer time, and indeed, killed and autopsies held before any conclusion as to the value cf medicinal agents can be arrived at. Purgatives repeated occasionally and the daily administration of strychnine and iron, the former subcutaneously, together with careful feeding has certainly prolonged the life, and indeed brought into good condition three animals which have been under observation for some months. How long this condition will last, time alone can tell. The following record of a case may be of interest. You will notice that the acute symptoms disappear under the ' strychnine treatment ' to return when it is suspended, J?ut later on some more permanent improvement is observed. "" . Treatment of Pictou Cattle Disease. Grade Ayrshire cow, six years old, should calve May 16, 1904, general appearance would indicate Pictou cattle disease. Temperature 100, pulse 74, qmck and weak, variable appetite, diarrhoea. The owner Mr. D. McLellan, stated that this cow has been failing for some weeks. March 16. Gave purgative, followed by strychnine and iron daily. Improvement in appetite. Temperature 100, pulse 70. General improvement, faeces almost normal. General improvement, faeces quite normal. Medicine discontinued. Mr. McLellan reports the return of symptoms. Slight diarrhoea, general condition rather unfavourable. Gave fresh supply of medicine. Again improving faeces almost normal. May 12. Calved to-day, weak, otherwise condition favourable. June 10. Much improvement, out at pasture. July 10. Has gained much in flesh and appears to be in good health. This treatment has been administered in other four cases, two of which have given very similar results, while in two cases the animals seemed to improve for a short time, acute symptoms returning, after which drugs had little or no effect in improving the condition, the animals dying of Pictou cattle disease in a few weeks. On May 10, I had the honour of receiving instructions from the Veterinary Direc- tor General to deal with all cases of Pictou cattle disease when occurring in this county. In the discharge of this duty I have made 62 trips to difl'erent parts of the country, travelling in ah about 1,200 miles, and have caused to be slaughtered 38 head of cattle, for which $384 was paid in compensation. The enclosed chart* will give name and address of owners in each case, number of animals destroyed, sex, year of greatest mortality on each farm, number of cattle com- prising each herd, and other information which may be of interest to you. Although the loss in the county has not been as great as usual, yet I regret to state that the disease has this year claimed ' new territory,' particularly to the south thio fact with the discovery of the dis^ease in Prince Edward Island, and the probability that it exists elsewhere, has caused much public interest to be taken in the work at the experiment station. I think that you will agree that the experiments so far conducted give promise of practical results, and I am glad to learn that it is the intention of the Veterinary Direc- tor General, who has kept a very close supervision of the work, to continue the experi- ments now in train, with the addition of others, over at least another year, when, I * Not printed. u 21. u 30. April 10. « 16. u 19. u 20. a 24. a 26. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 trust, more definite knowledge will be gained, and which will enable you to advise such measures as will lead to the prevention of this disease. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. H. PETHICK, Inspectoi'. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, _ Ottawa. (George Townsend, D.V.S.) New Glasgow, N.S., October 31, 1904. Sir, — Please find a tabulated report of work during 1903-04.* You will see by my notes in report that I done the quarantine work in Antigonish and Pictou counties ■during November, December and January of this year; from February to the end of October only in Pictou county. In September and October of this year the indemnities are two-thirds instead of one-third, as heretofore. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, GEORGE TOWNSEND, Inspector. (F. S. Macdonald, V.S.) SouRis, P.E.I., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you a summary of my work for the year ending October 31, 1904. As it has already been shown the much-dreaded Pictou cattle disease exists in some districts in Prince Edward Island. Not being familiar with this disease and its symptoms, I was instructed by Dr. Eutherford to go to Pictou county when sent for by. Doctors Townsend and Pethick for the purpose of getting all the information pos- sible in connection with this disease. This I accordingly did. Since August last the department has paid compensation to the owners of the cattle affected by this disease and ordered to be slaughtered by me. The f ollowng is a statement of the number of cattle slaughtered and the amounts paid to the owners : Slaughtered. Amount paid. August 3 $20 00 September 2 18 00 October 3 50 00 1 88 00 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, F. S. MACDONALD, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. *Not printed. 15—7* 100 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 1905 (V. T. Daubigxy, M.V.) Terrebonne, P.Q., October 31, 1904. Monsieur, — J'ai I'honneur de vous adresser le rapport des inspections que j'ai faites a la demande du Veterinaire Directeur General, du ler novembre 1903 au ler novembre 1904. SERVICE DE LA QUARANTAINE. Le 16 fevrier 1904, chez Mr. F. G. Clark, a Stanbridge a Scott farm, pour inspecter 22 cochons, soi-disant malades ; ils etaient en bonne sante. 19 juillet 1904 au clos d'equarrissage de Saint-Laurent pour faire I'autopsie d'une jument morte du charbon, appartenant a M. Charles Descarie de Dorval, P.Q. 28 juillet 1904 visite cbez ce meme Charles Decarie pour sequestrer ses animaux leges sur sa ferme dudit lieu afin qu'ils soient vaccines. 24 octobre 1904 a Eectory Hill, Megantic, cbez Mr. H. A. Dickson, pour faire I'examen d'animavix soi-disant malades, tel n'etait pas les cas, du moins quant a ceux que j'ai visites; I'inspection sera peut-etre continuee ulterieurement. J'ai I'honneur d'etre, monsieur le ministre, Votre bien devoue serviteur, V. T. DAUBIGNT, " Inspecfeur. A I'Honorable Ministre de 1' Agriculture, Ottawa. (John D. DuChene, D.V.S.) ^ Quebec, Que., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report for the year ending October 31, 1904. During the year I have examined ten horses suspected to be affected with glanders and tested eight of them with mallein, of which five have reacted; one has been de- stroyed and four are still under treatment. There has been an outbreak of hog cholera in the county of Quebec, but with the assistance of Dr. J. D. Whyte its spreading has been promptly checked. I am just now investigating an outbreaJc of sheep-scab in the county of Yamaska,. Que. I have the honour to be, sir, * Your obedient servant, JOHN D. DUCHENE, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. HEALTH OF ANIMALS ' 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 (J. D. Whyte, D.V.S.) Sherbrooke, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report for the year ending October SI, 1904. HOG CHOLERA. As I had been stationed at Chatham, Ont., sometime previous to October 31, 1903, -assisting Dr. M. B. Perdue in dealing with the outbreak of hog cholera in that district, I continued there until November Y, 1903. In company with Dr. J. D. Duchene, of •Quebec city, I dealt with an outbreak of hog cholera at Charlesbourg, province of <3uebec. SUSPECTED HOG CHOLERA. Upon receiving instructions, I visited Shawinigan Falls, P.Q., where hog cholera was suspected, 125 having died, but upon investigation found the deaths due to in- judicious feeding. Being instructed, I visited the slaughter houses at Point Levis, where hogs from Western Ontario are slaughtered and gave instructions as to cleansing and disinfec- tion, and disposition of the refuse, and when at Point Levis inquired into cleansing and disinfection of cars and cremation of refuse, giving instructions for the same. GLANDERS. During the year I have tested 123 horses with mallein, 58 of which reacted, 30 "being destroyed, 3 were destroyed on clinical symptoms only, total 33, 18 being re- tested twice, 7 being retested three times, 4 ceased reacting on second test, making a total of horses tested, 148. A large proportion of these horses were tested within a radius of a few miles from St. Hyacinthe, P.Q., it being a trading centre. A num.ber ■of cheap horses purchased in Montreal are brought there and traded, the most of the •outbreaks can be traced to those horses. TUBERCULOSIS. During the year I have tested two head of cattle imported from the United States, at the port of Mansonville, P.Q., which passed the test. Have also tested nineteen head of cattle for export to South Africa, three of which reacted. Have tested eighty- ■eight head of cattle which were not for export, eight of which reacted. Total tested ■one hundred and nine. ■ MANGE. An outbreak of mange in horses in the county of Megantic, P.Q., came under my ■supervision, in which eighteen farms were placed under quarantine, twenty-seven horses were involved, all recovered after proper treatment, some of them were badly diseased. ANTHRAX. Upon receiving instructions I visited Isle du Moine in the River St. Lawrence, ■parish of Ste. Anne de Sorel, P.Q., to investiffate an outbreak amongst the animals at pasture on that island, about one hundred had died previous to my visit, at the begin- 102 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ning of the outbreak. The carcasses were not buried nor any precautions taken to pre- vent the spread of the disease. I performed a post-mortem on a colt but was unable to obtain reliable material for the pathologist. According to the statements of the care- takers of the island, this colt did not present the same appearance after death as the other animals, not having any bloody discharges from natural openings, and rigoi" mortis being present. I had the carcasses properly disposed of and the disease is now stamped out. A man inoculated himself while skinning one of the animals and died in three days, his physician diagnosed his case as anthrax. RHEUMATISM. I visited Lambton, Beauce Co., P.Q., to investigate a supposed outbreak of a contagious disease. Upon inquiiy I found that the animals had been ailing for some length of time and as some got so stiff that they were unable to rise a few of those were destroyed, the rest recovered. Inspected at the port of Mansonville, P.Q., two buffaloes which were imported from the United States for British Columbia. Inspected at the port of Sherbrooke, P.Q., eleven head of cattle imported front the United States for exhibition purposes. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. D. WHYTE, Inspectoi\ The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (Professor Andrew Smith, M.E.C.V.S.) Toronto, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following brief report on the health of the domestic animals in the province of Ontario during the past year. horses Have been generally healthy. A few cases of glanders have occurred, which have been attended to by the inspectors and reported to the department. CATTLE. There have been no signs of enzootic or epizootic disease among cattle. swine. Some outbreaks of hog cholera have occurred in the western part of the province^ but the disease is under control. ANDREW SMITH, F.R.C.V.S., Chief Ontario Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. HEALTH OF ANIMALS lOS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 (T. E. Watsox, V.S.) ' , Niagara Falls, South, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to report that few diseases of a contagious character have appeared in this section during- the past year. Hog cholera which has in previous years prevailed to some extent seems to have been stamped out, not a single case having come under my notice this year. The following are animals imported and quarantined where necessary, during the year, all of which were healthy : Swine 7 Sheep 105 Cattle 5 Horses 2 I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, T. E. WATSON, V.S., Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (F. A. Jones, V.S.) Windsor, Ont., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of stock inspected at the Windsor quarantine station for the year ending October 31, 1904. The swine imported were of good quality. There have been no diseased animals in quarantine, other stock requiring inspec- tion were in a healthy conidtion. The following is a statement of animals received into quarantine, also stock requiring inspection. For Export. Cattle '. 11 Swine 1 Sheep 11 For Import. Horses 18 Cattle 416 Swine 61 Sheep 240 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, F. A. JONES, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 104 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 (Arthur Brown, V.S.) Sarnia, Ont., October 31, 1904, Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of work done for the Department of Agriculture from November 1, 1903, to October 31, 1904. In addition to performing my duties as inspector of quarantine at this port, I have slaughtered hogs, having hog cholera, on two farms in Sarnia township, and quarantined them for same, and examined a great number of stock cars, entering Canada from the United States, as to cleanliness, finding it necessary to return some of them. The following animals have been inspected by me during the past year, the hogs having been placed in quarantine the required time. For Import. Cattle 54 Horses • • 229 Sheep 630 Swine 41 Goats 7 I found it necessary to reject eighty-five of the horses, on account of not having proper health certificates. On October 17 and 18, thirty-one hogs, returning from St. Louis Exposition, were placed in quarantine. On October 29, some of the hogs showed symptoms of hog cholera. Two days later one died. I destroyed another and held a post mortem, which confirmed my diagnosis of hog cholera, but with the free use of disinfectants and isolation, I hope tj confine the disease to one herd, but at this date cannot tell how severe the attack may be. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, AKTHUR BROWN, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (M. B. Perdue, V.S.) Chatham, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I beg to submit, herewith, my annual report for the year ending October SI, 1904. The disease most prevalent and in fact almost the only infectious disease among animals in this district is hog cholera. During the year 105 outbreaks occurred, involving the slaughter of 3,011 hogs. These cases were dealt with principally by Drs. Orchard, Philps and myself. The services of the local inspectors were not utilized to any extent in dealing with out- HEALTH OF ANIMALS 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 breaks of the disease, with the exception of Dr. Rowe of Blenheim, who dealt with eighteen cases in that vicinity. The services of Dr. Kime of Chatham, and Dr. Thorne of Wallaceburg, were <'hiefly confined to the inspection of shipments. In this district, the following townships are under quarantine, Tilbui-y East, West and North, Raleigh, Chatham, Dover, Harwich and Walpole Island, and out of this area, the shipment of fat hogs for immediate slaughter is allowed subject to inspection. During the year 286 cars of hogs for shipment have been inspected by the different officers operating in this district. The total number of hogs inspected for shipment being 24,143. In January last, I was instructed by the Veterinary Director General to attend all farmers' institute meetings in this district, to discuss hog cholera and its regula- tions. Dr. Philps and myself attended all meetings inside the infected area, after the institute meetings were completed, I advertised and we held a number of special meet- ings in the different villages throughout the infected district. These meetings had an excellent effect in the way of spreading correct ideas as to the nature of hog cholera and the regulations governing it. It is very satisfactory to note, that in the past year the outbreak was not nearly so extensive, there being 105 outbreaks, involving the slaughter of 3,011 hogs, compared with 207 outbreaks involving the slaughter of 6,543 hogs in the previous year, this being due, chiefly, to the much improved system of dealing with the disease, ordered by the Veterinary Director General. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, M. B. PERDUE, hispecior. The Honourable • The 'Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (Geo. W. Orchard, V.S.) Windsor, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I beg leave to submit to you my report for the year ending October 31, 1904. During the past year my work has been chiefly in the quarantined area in the <;ounties of Kent and Essex, and consisted of dealing with outbreaks of hog cholera, inspection of shipments of live hogs and visiting ffrms already under quarantine, to see if they have been cleansed and disinf ""cted in a satisfactory manner. From November 1, 1903, to October 31, 1904, 1 have dealt with thirty-eight cases of hog cholera, involving the slaughter of 1,153 hogs, all of these cases but five being in the quarantined area ; of these five cases four were in Essex and one in Lambton county, near Peti'olea. During the year just passed, I inspected at the various shipping points in the quarantined district, 71 cars containiui,^ {3,3M fat hogs for immediate slaughter, and consigned direct to various packing housos^ mostly to Hamilton and Toronto, and in a few cases to Montreal, Levis, Quebec and Palmerston, Ont. At the beginning of the year starting November 1, 1904, there were a great many fanns, previously placed under quarantine for hog cholera; of these, I visited and in- 106 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 spected 127, and found that the cleansing and disinfecting regulations, ordered by the Department of Agriculture, had on 124 of these farms, been faithfully carried out and a recommend for their release was forwarded to the department. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, GEO. W. ORCHAED, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (M. Philips, V.S.) Chatham, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report, from the date of my appointment, December 1, 1903, to October 31, 1904. Acting on instructions from the Veterinary Director General, on December 1, I proceeded to Chatham and worked under the direction of M. B. Perdue, and have since been dealing with hog cholera in the counties of Kent and Essex, I have had occasion to order the slaughter of 187 hogs on account of hog cholera. I have inspected 2,481 hogs for shipment at points inside the quarantined district. In addition to this, I have inspected a number of quarantined farms. For particulars, I beg to refer you to the detailed reports for- warded to your department by me from time to time on all work done by me. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, M. PHILPS, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (Jos. KiME, Jr., V.S.) , Chatham, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report of work done by ine during the past year, from November 1, 1903, to October 31, 1904. Inspected thirteen carloads of hogs for shipment. Number of hogs inspected, 1,155. Slaughtered hogs on farm of James Doolittle, Dover township, fifty-five hogs in all. All other reports reported to M. B. Perdue, or Dr. Orchard, V.S., officers in con- trol of this district, I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, JOS. KIME, Jr., Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture. , Ottawa. HEALTH OF AMMALS , 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 (W. B. RowE, V.S.) Blenheim, October dl, 1904 Sir, — I beg to submit herewith my annual report for the year ending October 31, 1904. During the year, I have dealt with eighteen cases of hog cholera, involving the slaughter of 317 hogs. I inspected forty-one cars of hogs for shipment from points inside the quarantined district. The total number of hogs shipped under my inspection being 4,633. In addition to this work, I have inspected thirty-eight farms for the release of quarantine. I am glad to state that no other diseases of a contagious nature has come under my notice during the year. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. B. ROWE, . Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture. Ottawa. (J. R. Thorne, V.S.) Wallaceburg, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to report that during the year ending October 31, 1904,. 1 examined twenty-eight cargoes of hogs shipped from this place and that such cargoes contained 2,771 animals, all of which I found in a healthy and thrifty condition. Hog cholera continues to appear in this district, eleven outbreaks of the disease having been reported at my office during the year, six of which were from the town- ship of Chatham, four from the township of Dover, both in the county of Kent, and one case from the township of Sombra in the countiy of Lambton. I believe that the change in the rate of compensation for contact hogs will have a most beneficial effect in that it will induce owners who suspect disease to exist in. their herds to be more prompt in reporting suspected cases. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. R. THORNE, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 108 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 (WiLUAM Stubbs, V.S.) Caledon, Ont., October 31, 1904. Sm, — I have tlie honour to submit to you my annual report for the year ending- October 31, 1904. During the year, under instructions from the department, I have tested with tuberculin, forty-nine pure-bred cattle for export, four of which reacted. January 26, 1904. I visited Aaron township, where fatal disease among cattle had broken out. May 16, 1904. I examined a consignment of Galloway bulls from Mr. D. McCrae of Guelph, for the Indian department, IST.W.T., and found them to be in fair condition, and good individual animals. Commencing on June 2, 1904, and ending on October 13, 1904, I regularly visited the market at Toronto every Tuesday and Thursday, also the Union Stock Yards at Toronto Junction, every Monday, and with the exception of the four animals already reported, I found the stock coming from the surrounding country into these markets, remarkably free from any kind of disease. I paid special attention to sheep and failed to discover any signs of scab. The cars carrying hogs from quarantined districts were all thoroughly cleaned iind disinfected. In fact, I find that the railway authorities are quite anxious to have those regulations carried out. There were no hogs re-shipped from Toronto, as they were all consigned there for immediate slaughter, and appeared to have arrived in a_ healthy condition. During this time, on October 5, 1904, having been informed that black-leg broke out in Caledon, I visited the farm on lot 21, first concession, and found that two calves had adready died and one Other was dying. I had the carcasses carefully re- moved and burned. Also on September 29, 1904, I visited a farm near Belmont, but was unable to find any disease among the cattle in that locality. From October 17, 1904, until October 28, 1904, I visited farms jn the neighbour- hood of Listowel, Myrtle, Balsam, Belmont, Delaware and Lisle, but failed to discover -anything of a serious nature affecting the live stock in any of these localities. The reports of which I fully reported to the department at the time. I have the honour to be,sir. Your obedient servant, WILLIAM STUBBS, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (J. H. TexXnent, V.S.) London, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ending October SI, 1904. During the year I have tested with tuberculin sixty-eight head of pvire-bred cattle •owned by twenty two different breeders for export to the United States, four of which reacted and one was suspicious. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 I also tested for glanders with mallein at the following places : Glencoe, three horses, not diseased; Poplar Hill, three horses, one reacted to the test also showing clinical symptoms it was destroyed and the carcass cremated, the others were placed under quarantine and after forty days retested giving no reaction. Eckfrid township, one horse did not respond to the mallein test; Lambeth, three horses gave no reaction; Canboro township, Haldimand county, two horses, one reacted, showing clinical symp- toms which was destroyed and deeply buried. The other was placed under quaran- tine but died from other cause before the time for making the retest; Haldimand county, Darlington Road, two horses got no reaction. I visited Eipley, Huron county, and Thamesford, Middlesex county, where it was reported that a number of cattle died suddenly under peculiar circumstances after careful examination I found the disease to be of a non-contagious character and due to improper care and feeding. Hog cholera was reported to h^ve broken out at Arkona, Middlesex county and Wrc^eter, Huron county. I visited these places and found in both cases after holding post-mortem that the animals were affected with stomach and bowel trouble due to injudicious feeding and bad hygienic surroundings. I also visited Pine River, Huron county to look over the district where hog cholera was prevalent last year. I did not find a single case showing that the disease was effectually stamped out. I visited St. Thomas, Elgin county, to ascertain whether sheep-scab had affected the flocks in that vicinity or not. After carefully examining the sheep owned by all the different breed- ers I had to report that the disease did not exist in that locality. I visited the following places: — Petrolea, Sarnia, London Junction, Brantford and London to inspect and see if cars carrying hogs from the quarantined district to these places were properly cleaned and disinfected before re-shipping. I found that the railway company had neglected to attend to it. I had considerable trouble in getting the work done by the railway ofiicials. The health of animals in this district has generally been good. A mild epidemic of influenza occurred among horses during the fall months. I ]\AYe the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. H. TENNENT, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (G. W. HiGGINSON, V.S.) Rockland, October 31, 1904. Sib, — I have the honour to submit this my annual report for the year ending October 31, 1904. I have submitted to the tuberculin test, during the year, 127 head of cattle for export, of which 10 reacted. I also tested 99 other cattle, of which one reacted. I have also dealt, during the year, with several outbreaks of glanders in Ontario and Quebec. In Jvme there was an outbreak of mange in the county of Prescott^ in which Dr. Moore and myself had under quarantine, sixty-five farms and private institutions, the greater number of which at present have been released. I have the honour to be sir. Your obedient servant, G. W. HIGGINSON, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 110 - DEFAKTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII.. A. 1905 (W. W. Stork, V.S.) Bra^iptox,, Ont., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ending October 31, 1904. During the past year I have regularly attended the Toronto markets which have now become distributing centres for a very large amount of live stock. I have in- spected the stock, consisting of cattle, sheep and hogs ; looked after the disinfecting of numerous cars and urged the keeping of the premises in as sanitary a condition as possible. • The new market at Toronto Junction, known as the ' Union Stock Yard,' istnow doing business. The facilities for handling stock and the sanitary arrangements are all that could be desired. At the Toronto market, known as ' The Western Cattle Market,' a process of renovation has been carried on within the last few months. New and commodious pens have been erected, a large area of new flooring laid down alrd much attention given to the sanitary equipment. During the year I have made numerous investigations of reported outbreaks of contagious diseases among stock and in all cases a full detailed report of these has been forwarded to your department, a synopsis of which is as follows : — DISICASES OF HOGS. During the winter months I visited several places in the province of Ontario where trouble amongst hogs was said to exist. A large percentage of the trouble was among young pigs, and was nothing more or less than a form of bronchitis superinduced no doubt, by the severity of the weather. The percentage of deaths was comparatively small. In one district, namely, that of Muskoka, I have to report the outbreak of cholera among hogs, but fortunately the epidemic did not attain anything like serious pro- portions. The disease first appeared in a pen of hogs at Huntsville and from there was directly traceable to two places in the vicinity. All the hogs on these places (both ailing and in contact) were slaughtered as soon as possible after the trouble became known, the premises quarantined and disinfected and the contagion thereby gotten ri'l of. GLAXDERS. During the year I have inspected some isolated cases of suspected glanders and in all cases where the disease was proven to exist, the animals were promptly destroyed and the carcasses either cremated or deeply buried in lime, contact animals were sub- mitted to the mallein test with the result that two animals, which reacted without showing well-marked clinical symptoms of the disease, were destroyed by me. The amendment of the Contagious Disease Act, whereby the owners will be in part compensated for the loss of an animal (reacting to mallein without showing clinical symptoms) will greatly facilitate the eradication of the malady. CATTLE AND SHEEP. During the year I have tested with tuberculin several consignments of cattle about to be exported. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Scab in slie.^p, which was somewhat troublesome in one or two counties in Western Ontario during tlie summer of 1903, appears to have become eradicated. WKSTERN UAXCII HORSES. I have attended several sales of western unbroken ranche horses in Toronto and vicinity, keeping a sharp lookout for mange, glanders or any other trouble which might make its appearance in thib class of horses. I have the honour to be, sir, W. W. STORK, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (G. H. Belaire, V.S.) Pembroke. Ont., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you a short summary of my work done for the year ending October 31, 1904. During that time I have tested with mallein, eighty-eight horses, twenty-two of which reacted ; two horses that presented well marked clinical symi^toms of glanders, and which reacted to the mallein test, were destroyed, one horse showing clinical symp- toms of glanders was destroyed without application, of the test, making in all, three horses destroyed. Of the reacting horses that did not show any clinical symptoms of glandei-s, I have tested twenty-two twice, six three times, and one four times, of the twenty-two that have reacted twenty have on application of 2, 3 and 4 tests finally ceased to react, and to all appearances are healthy and usefi;! animals, all of which are branded and still under our supervision, one horse that was destroyed presenting clinical symptoms of glanders, revealed on post-mortem, well-defined glander tubercles in the lungs, and glands within and without the thorax. I regret to say that glanders is still prevalent in this district, and this work is surrounded by a host of difficulties more particularly due to the manner in which horses are worked and handled in the lumber camps, during the winter months. Infected horses if any, are not reported by the owners, and the result is that when a case of glanders comes under our notice we are hampered to a great extent in ascer- taining the whereabouts of the origin of the disease. I am pleased to state that with the exception of glanders, no disease of a con- tagious character affecting horses and other domestic animals, has come under my notice. The method of dealing with glanders adopted by the Veterinary Director General, has proven very satisfactory to the public in general, and very instiaictive in demon- strating the action of mallein on glanders, its curative effects, and the different re- actions obtained on different horses. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, GEO. H. BELAIRE, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 112 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905- (Chas. Little, V.S.) Winnipeg, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of inspections for the year ending October 31, 1904. The following is the number of animals imported from the United States : — Horses . 5,850 Mules 500 Cattle 4,300 Sheep 177 Swine 285 I have tested six head of pure bred cattle for export. As directed by the Veteri- nary Director General, I kept a strict watch on all the cattle shipped from the western ranches so as to prevent any affected with mange escaping, that might have been overlooked by the inspectors when loading, or had developed in transit. The amount shipped through to date is (32,705) and (8,136) shipped to Winnipeg for home con- sumption. I am pleased to state that only a very few with any appearance of mange arrived here. There has been a good many small outbreaks of symptomatic anthrax this season,, otherwise the cattle have been very healthy. There has been a good. many cases of glanders in the province this season, but, very few cases of swamp fever reported. I hove the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, CHAS. LITTLE, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (F. Torrance, D.V.S.) Winnipeg, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the following report on the investiga- tion into the pathology of swamp fever in horses. Work began on June 15, when I was able to obtain the first case, a chestnut horse purchased from a Russian residing a few miles from Winnipeg. The owner could speak very little English, so that I was unable to get a full history of the case, and only learned that he had bought the horse a few months before, and that it had been lately getting thin and weak. The symptoms presented on examination, were characteristic of the disease — pro- found anaemia, weakness, emaciation, wobbling gait, unhealthy skin, pulse sixty and temperature 101 '5. The horse was placed in the laboratory stable, well fed and cared for and from day to day the blood was examined for organisms, especially with a view to the dis- coverj' of trypanosomes. In this line we made use of a method described by Dr. Cop- lin at a meeting of a pathological society of Philadelphia. The suspected blood is HEALTH OF ANIMALS US SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 placed in a centrifuge and the trypanosomata ' having a lower specific gravity than the red cells and a higher specific gravity than the white cells will collect in a white ring between the erythrocytes and the superimposed ring of white cells.' In addition to this we examined slides of fresh blood and also made stained films, using various methods and staining fluids to detect any intracorpuscular bodies such as the organism that causes Texas fever in cattle. I regret to report that all these observations proved negative and in none of the slides examined was anything detected which could be considered a micro-parasite. Another method tried was to draw ofi some blood into a sterile flask containing peptone solution, plain bouillon, or sugar bouillon. The flasks were then placed in the incubator and after variable periods of time examined and sub-cultures made from them — in every case they were found sterile. The first horse died on August 20, and I was unable to procure any fresh cases. It was unfortunately during this period, that I had a visit from Drs. Moore of Ithaca and Kellj' of Albany, N.Y., who had been in the west to examine the cases of ' maladie du coit ' in quarantine. They were shown the laboratory and discussed our methods of work, but I greatly regretted that I could not show these experts a case of fever and get the benefit of their views. The following notes of the first case, will give an idea of the course of the disease and the methods of investigation employed by Dr. Bell and myself. Case No. 1. June 15. A chestnut horse about eight years of age purchased from Russian Jew, June 15, by Dr. Torrance. Emaciated, hair long and dirty, gait wobbling, mucous membranes blanched but no petechiae. Temperature 101 '6, pulse 60. June 16. Drew off an ordinary centrifuge tube full of blood from jugular. Cen- trifugalized it for half an hour. Drew off with a fine pipette some of the leucocytic layer and examined a number of slides for trypanosomes. Noted in several slides the inclusion of what seemed to be red blood corpuscles in leucocytes. Blood was also taken by puncturing skin and the fresh slides examined. Blood count (Thoma-Zeiss) red blood corpuscles, 1,940,000, Haemoglobin, 20. Count of leucocytes failed, but they were apparently not increased. June 18. — Stained prepared slips with eosin and Loeffler's methylene-blue, eosin and saturated watery- methylene-blue, eosin and carbolized thionin. In some instances I thought I saw several round bodies in the red blood corpuscles. These were some- times single, sometimes arranged in groups of four. In one slide I found a distinctly nucleated corpuscle. June 20. — Temperature of horse keeps at about 101 -2. Drew off an ordinary cen- trifuge tube from jugular. Centrifugalized for half an hour. Examined smears from different levels of tube, but found nothing. Also examined a number of fresh smears obtained from skin — saw the same small round bodies mentioned above, but convinced myself they were not intra-corpuscular. June 22. — ]\[flde a large number of cover slips from blood obtained by puncturing skin. June 23. — Temperature last evening went up to 104, but examinations of fresh blood specimens showed nothing. June 24. — Examined a number of slides of fresh blood drawn from skin. Plan adopted was first to make a general survey of the whole field with the low power so as to detect any movement among the corpuscles such as a trypanosome would make. Then to use the one-sixth objective and ultimately the oil-immersion. Nothing could be seen in the red blood corpuscles. Numerous small non-motile bodies, about one- sixth the diameter of a red cell were seen in these preparations. They were, however, 15— S ■ 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 unequal in size, and were probably debris. Some very small erythrocytes were also noted. June 25. — Prepared a number of cover slips for staining. June 27. — Tried to make a blood count, but the horse moved and blood got up into bulb. Haemoglobin 15. Leucocytes 5.600. Collected a centrifuge tube full of blood from the jugular and treated it as before. Examined it at all levels for trypanosomata, but found none. June 30. — Examined fresh preparatigns of blood. July 2. — Made a number of films for staining, July 4. — Eed blood coipuscles, 1,800,000, Haemglobin, 15, Oedema of dependent parts increasing. July 6. — Examined fresh blood slides and saw an unusual number of the peculiar round bodies mentioned above. They could often be seen arranged in groups, and think they were undoubtedly debris, July 10. — Made more films and stained. July 19. — R.B.C, 2,980,000, Haemoglobin 20. A distinct improvement, but exam- ination of slides was as on previous occasions, negative. July 21. — Examined fresh preparations of blood. July 23. — Again examined blood and made films for staining, July 25,— R.B.C. 3,120,000, Haemoglobin 25, Leucocytes 6,000. Also examined smears. July 27. — Made films from blood, obtained by puncturing skin. Found nothing. July 81. — Made cultures from blood by drawing off a considerable quantity from jugular into a flask containing ordinary bouillon. August 1. — Drew off blood in same manner into flask containing peptone water. August 6. — Examined culture made July 31 and made sub-cultures on agar and blood serum. August 9.— R.B,C. 2,960,000, Leucocytes 6,200, This was at time of a marked rise of temperature. Fresh specimens of blood and dried films stained with Loeffler'a methylene-blue and eosin, were examined. No haematozoa or other organisms noted. August 13, — Fresh blood slides examined, August 17. — Sub-cultures made August 6 have remained sterile. August 20. — Horse was found dead. Post-mortem was not performed for several hours after death, owing to unavoidable circumstances. Two cases of swamp fever that we had the opportunity of observing this summer were practically identical in character, being both of the distinctly chronic type. Un- fortunately, death occurred in each case during the night, so that an immediate autopsy was impossible and all cultures obtained from tissues were useless. The post-mortem findings in such cases are fairly constant. The animal is ema- ciated, its coat is in an unhealthy condition, and there are almost always extensive abrasions of the skin. There is swelling of the dependent parts of the abdominal wall and legs, due to a sero-glatinous infiltration of the sub-cutaneous connective tissue of parts. The mucous membranes are very pale but only in a small proportion of cases do they show petechiae. The internal organs are more or less blanched, though this is not so noticeable in the case of the liver. The lungs are generally normal in appearance. The heart is enlarged, and shows fatty degeneration of its musculature. The fat about it is often in a condition known as serous degeneration. The liver is slightly en- larged and microscopical sections show degenerative changes in the centre of lobules, with a round celled infiltration of Glisson's Capsule. These cells are of the size and character of lymphocytes. There is also a considerable deposition of iron holding pig- ment. The spleen is the organ most markedly affected, being much increased in size and very firm. Microscopical examination shows deposition of iron holding pigment HEALTH OF ANIMALS 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 all through the pulp and also a peculiar proliferation of the endothelial cells of tha lymph spaces. The kidney shows little change as far as the epithelium lining the tubes is con- cerned, but the same infiltration of lymphocytes is to be seen, particularly about the blood vessels. The feature that stands out above all others, in this disease is the widespread des- truction of red blood corpuscles. In those which remain, there is frequently consider- able variation in size, but deformity and nvicleated forms are only rarely met with. There is also a decided decrease in the number of leucocytes though the relative proportion of the different varieties is not altered. Our main efforts were directed to discovering the agent at the root of this haemo- lytic process. Blood slides were examined by scores and at all times, but no trypano- some or haematozoon was ever detected. What the source of this haemolytic sub- stance is, we can at present only surmise. Possibly it may be formed in the intestinal tract, by the action of some peculiar bacteria, and absorbed into the blood stream from there. We propose on the next opportunity to direct our attention particularly in this direction. Attached is chart of temperature of the case cited. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant^ F. TORKANCE, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture^ Ottawa. 15— 8i 6 — 1 ' -,• ■ ' 1 .... .... 1 i 6 r-'i-l \- 1 W j _ _ ; 1 .... i O^ • - i i , i-H r ' w ' . . . . ! ' 1 .... ! w 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 _ ! ' w .... i 1 1 is 1 1 _, 4-Q_ .... ! i ...;. ....i . . ■ 1 isl ! ■ ! 1 j s 1 1 — j i 1 W| 1 . . . 1 .... .... 1 s ... —1. w 1 .. . .... .... • • • • ' • . . ' • • • • ... 1 s t 1 ' w 1 . 1 1 1 ' * ' ' I 1 1 S 1 « ! s 1 1— • W 1 1 ^3 S-i 1 i 1 1 S 1 1 ' * ■ : i .... J . w \ .. . i .. .1 1 i 1 s ! i , w 1 ?i ! s i 1 1 t """S ! «! j 1 .... 1 c^ 1 i i 1 S 1 ! 1 i w 1 i _ ^ :i^ 1 S 1 j- 1 1 w i .. 4J. ill- s i ■■ 1 1 1 w - 1 .... ". . ' ....i § \i > !S ! k^ w 1 ^ i ^^ ' V U^y i .... 1 vp- ^:^^ w ... i ^ "K^ i 1 ^^ s "^■--.-..^ 1 ^•^^i^ a z. • > °p^ 0 • 0 0 0 to 0 < ^ ^ 5 c ) 0 — ( c 2> Oi CO t> CD 0:> cn> z 0 '; < o 0 0 O < D < D < D c 3 C5 Oi ^ 1 0 I— t 1—1 tH rH 1 r-i 1 -H T H r H 120 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 (P. A. EOBINSON, V.S.) Emerson, Man., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I beg to submit herewith my annual report of stock inspected at the ports of Emerson and Gretna for the year ending October 31, 1904. I have included separ- ately, all range horses as this class of stock did not all pass Customs entry here, but were all subject to inspection. Apart from the importation of range horses, most of the other entries were settlers destined to various points throughout Manitoba and the Territories. Attached is a tabulated statement showing importations for each month. Not printed. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, P. A. ROBINSON. — Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (M. B. ROMBOUGH, V.S.) MoRDEN, Man., October 31, 1904. Sir, — ^Inclosed please find list of animals inspected at this port for the year end- ing November 1, 1904. Horses 93 head. Cattle 90 " Swine 3 " This stock belonged to settlers coming into Canada from the United States. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, M. B. ROMBOUGH, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (R. D. Scurfield, M.D.V.) Crystal City, Man., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to report on the health of the animals inspected by me in this district. The most of our entries here are settlers from North Dakota, United States, who cross the boundary here destined principally to the North-west Territories. The stock imported has been of an average quality, some very good cattle having been brought in by settlers. During the past year I have had to refuse entries oi HEALTH OF ANIMALS 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 cases of mange, principally among the breeds who enter here for the different reserva- tions. Glanders has fortunately been rare and what cases I found were slaughtered with the consent of the owners. A few cases of actinomycosis were found, but settlers now realize the necessity of keeping healthy animals. I am glad to report that the farmers in my district are beginnng to realize the amportance of the tuberculin test, having tested quite a few herds daring the past year. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, R. D. SCURFIELD, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (W. Little, V.S.) BoissEVAiN, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of animals inspected by me at Deloiaine, Manitoba, and Killarney, Manitoba, during the year ending October 31, 1904. 1904. Animals inspected at Deloraine : — Horses 245 Mules 5 Cattle 132 Of the above, seventy-one horses were for sale, the balance of all other animals were settlers' efiects. Animals inspected at Killarney : — Horses 343 Mules 6 Cattle 213 Sheep 1 ■ Swine 26 Of the above animals, twenty-eight horses were for sale, the balance of all other animals were settlers' effects. I have the honour t6 be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. LITTLE, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 122 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 (W. Leslie, V.S.) Melita, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of stock inspected by mo at the customs port of Melita for the year ending October 31, 1904. Horses 276 : Mules 3 Cattle 81 Swine 8 Of the above 181 horses and one mule were for sale, the balance of the stock were settlers' effects. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. LESLIE, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (J. A. Stevenson, V.S.) Carman, Man., October 31, 1904. Sm, — I have the honour to submit to you my report of work done for the Depart- ment of Agriculture from the time of my appointment till October 31, 1904. There has been a serious outbreak of mange amongst horses in the northern part of the county of Dufferin and at one time I had twenty-seven f amis under quarantine but I am pleased to state that at the present time I have the outbreak well under con- trol. The disease was brought into this district by a band of western horses last winter for sale. I also had an outbreak of mange in cattle on a farm in the county of South Nor- folk, but have it also under control. There have been a few cases of glanders in this district which were handled by provincial authorities. Black-quarter has been much less prevalent than in former years due no doubt to the more extensive use of preventive inoculation. There is still a large number of cases of swamp fever which have been due no doubt to the unusual, amount of rain this past summer, I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. A. STEVENSON, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 (A. McMillan, V.S.) ViRDEN, Man., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to report that in June last an outbreak of mange in horses was reported to me, and upon investigation discovered that it was correct. In June I established eight quarantines, five in July, four in August, one in September and one in October, making a total of nineteen. The animals have all been success- fully treated with the exception of three quarantines that are remaining. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, A. McMillan, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (A. BowEN Perry.) EEGiNAi, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to forward my annual report for the twelve months ended October 31, 1904, together with the reports of the various veterinary inspectors, which detail the work performed by them. Mcleod District — Inspector Burnett, V.S. Maple Creek District — S.-Sgt. Coristine, V.S. Calgary District— S.-Sgt. McVeigh, V.S. Prince Albert and Battleford Districts — S.-Sgt. Mountford, V.S. Edmonton District — S.-Sgt. Sweetapple, V.S. Lethbridge District— S.-Sgt. Gallivan, V.S. Cardston District— S.-Sgt. Oliver, V.S. Pendant d'Oreille District— S.-Sgt. Gray, V.S. Coutts District— S.-Sgt. Johnstone, V.S. North Portal District— S.-Sgt. Richards, V.S. Eegina District — S.-Sgt. Ayre, V.S. " S.-Sgt. Mitchell, V.S " S.-Sgt. Meakings, V.S. Wood Mountain District — S.-Sgt. Perry, V,S. Medicine Hat District — Dr. Hargrave, V.S. Attached is a statement showing names of veterinary inspectors permanently em- ployed and their present stations. Eeports are forwarded from all these inspectors with the exception of S.-Sgt. White, whose report is included in that of Inspector Burnett; S.-Sgt. Busselle, who is on temporary duty in Calgary District, and S.-Sgt. Brock, who is on special duty in connection with the dipping order in the Maple Creek District. Sometimes it is found necessaiy to employ outside veterinary sur- geons, particularly during the export season, but this is never done except when abso- lutely necessary. 124 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 List of Veterinary Inspectors Permanently Employed and where Stationed. Inspector Burnett, J. F., Macleod. Staff-Sergl. White, S. A., Macleod. * " Ayre, H. T., Regina. " Mitchell, W., Eegina. " Meakings, E. A., Eegina. " Richards, S. C, North Portal. " Perry, F., Wood Mountain. " Coristine, D., Maple Creek. " Brock, A., Maple Creek. " Busselle, A. W., Calgary. " McVeigh, C. H., Calgary. " Gallivan, M. V., Lethbridge. " Gray, F. M., Pendant d'OreiUe. " Oliver, E. C, Cardston. " Johnstone, H. J., Coutts. " Sweetapple, J. H., Fort Saskatchewan. " Mountford, J. J., Prince Albert. Dr. Hargrave, J. C, Medicine Hat. PORTS OF ENTRY AXD QUARANTINE STATIONS AT BOUNDARY. North Portal. — Staff-Sergeant Richards, V.S., in charge. Seventeen thousand nine hundred and fifty-four cattle, 8,178 horses, 586 mules, 796 swine, and 99 sheep were in- spected at this post. Twelve head of horses and 67 head of cattle were detained and quarantined, sxifiering from mange, they were treated, and when clean, allowed to pro- ceed to their destinations. Entries at this station are much less than last year, parti- cularly as regards Mexican cattle. Heavy floods and consequent blockades of the railways in spring and early summer contributed very much in lessening the number. Wood Mountain. — Staff-Sergeant Perry, V.S., in charge. At this port 907 horses and 9 cattle were entered. None were rejected. Commodious corrals and a complete dipping plant have been constructed at "^.his point, and though no im.ported cattle were dipped, all of the stock-men's cattle have been dipped in this vat, which has given great satisfaction. Pendant d'Oreille. — This is a new station on Milk river, and has been in charge of Staff-Sergeant Gray, V.S. Two thousand two hundred and thirty cattle, 354 horses, 6,150 sheep and 7 mules were imported and inspected at this station. None were re- jected. Corrals and dipping vat were constructed at this point, and are of very sub- stantial construction and complete in detail. They are now being used to dip cattle running in that section. Coutts. — Staff-Sergeant Johnstone, V.S., in charge at this point. Three thousand six hundred and eighty cattle, 25 mules, 33 swine and 7,482 sheep were inspected, 16 head of cattle were held as affected with mange, treated, and sent to their destination. Facilities for inspecting and treating stock are very complete, commodious con^als, squeezers, &c., and dipping vat having been constructed. Cardston. — Staff-Sergeant Oliver, V.S., in charge. There were inspected at this point 2,278 cattle, 2,111 horses and 5 mules. The same class of corrals and dipping 'vat as were constructed at Pendant d'Oreille and Coutts are being built at a point south of Cardston near the boundary line where one of our detachments is to be sta- tioned, and will be ready for use for the coming season. There is a long stretch between Wood Mountain and Pendant d'Oreille without a quarantine station, and a site for such a station has now been chosen near the boim- dary line a little west of the old trail from Fort Walsh to Fort Assiiiiboine, Montana. HEALTH OF A2nMALS 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Persons bringing stock into the Cypress Hills have meanwhile been permitted to re^ port and have their stock examined at Maple Creek. All the corrals and dipping plants were constructed under our own direct super- vision, and the work is of the most substantial and thorough description, and when the station is constructed at the point above mentioned, the system of stations will be very thorough and efficient. At Maple Creek, a temporary station, Staff-Sergeant Coristine inspected the following imports, — 209 horses, 2,645 cattle, and 1,737 sheep; and at Lethbridge and Macleod, 16 horses and 136 cattle were inspected. The various inspectors have been very careful in carrying out the instructions contained in the Quarantine Regulations and I am certain, but very few infringe- ments have occurred. HORSES. Glanders. — Glanders, I regret to report, is very prevalent in some parts of the Territories. In Eegina district, which includes work done in Assiniboia as far west as Caron, 173 horses have been destroyed. In Prince Albert district 94 were destroyed, *and in Calgary district 42 horses . In Maple Creek district no cases were reported, and only one suspected case in the Macleod and Lethbridge districts. In Edmonton district 18 horses were destroyed, a very marked decrease from last year. Every effort is being made to eradicate this disease. A large number of the farmers in Assiniboia turn out their horses in the winter and this has proved a fruitful source of spreading the disease, as if there is one diseased horse in the district, he is sure to come in con- tact with numerous horses and spread the disease. Badly ventilated and foul stables are, I believe, largely responsible for the spread of the disease. Amongst quite a large class of people, any kind of a hole appears to be good enough to keep a horse in. Particularly in district of Eastern Assiniboia, the services of several veterinary inspec- tors were constantly required to deal with the numerous reported cases. Some horses were tested again and again, and reacted, without showing any clinical symptoms. By the Order in Council of September 19 last, compensation may be paid for animals reacting to the mallein test but showing no clinical symptoms. Detailed in- structions and the necessary printed forms have been received from the Veterinary Director General and all horses at present in quarantine as having reacted to the mal- lein test will again be re-tested by two veterinary inspectors, and if reaction follows will be destroyed. Under the new regulations the work of veterinary inspectors in regard to glanders will be considerably lessened, as many horses continue to react at each suc- cessive test, and it wiU likely be more acceptable to the owners to have the animal destroyed at once and receive compensation, than to be obliged to isolate it for many months. Mange. — Mange has been more prevalent amongst horses, I am sorry to say. In cer- tain sections of the western part of the Territories it has been quite too common. Every precaution has been taken to eradicate the disease. Herds in which the disease appear- ed, were closely quarantined and treated, and in most instances with success but it still lingers in places. In Calgary district there are five herds still in quarantine, and in Cypress Hills, one herd. In the northern and eastern part of the Territories some cases have occured, at various points, but the inspectors state that such cases did not originate there, but occurred in horses brought from the west. It is hoped that -with the treatment already given, and the compulsory dipping, that the disease may soon disappear. Maladie du Coit. This is a new disease in the Territories, and its occurrence has created much alarm amongst horse owners in the western territories. Prompt and energetic measures have been taken for the suppression and stamping out of this disease. In the infected districts, no stallion is now allowed to run at large. About G,000 mares have been examined and at present there are 246 confined in the quar- 126 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 antine pasture west of Lethbridge. What the disposal of these mares is to be, has not been determined at present, but a recent Order in Council authorizes animals suffer- ing from this disease to be destroyed on an order from a veterinary inspector, and compensation on a certain scale allowed to their owners. Inspector Burnett, V.S., has been in particular charge of this, and reports fully on it. OTHER DISEASES. Swamp fever and typhoid influenza, have not been so prevalent as in the past, but quite a number of settlers have suffered qiiite seriously. Hoof disease, which is some years in the northern country has been very bad, has not been so serious during the past year. The restrictions in the Quarantine Regulations, and the advanced value at which horses are now appraised, has been the means of decreasing the importation of un- broken horses of an undesirable type. One train load of Mexican ponies were im- ported in September and shipped to the west. CATTLE. Mange. — Mange is still and has been in some districts prevalent, and last winter caused considerable loss to stockmen. At a meeting of the Western Stock Association held last summer, this question was fully discussed, as it was becoming a serious mat- ter. It was decided finally that compulsory dipping appeared to be the only remedy, and in consequence, a departmental order dated August 9, 1904, was passed, giving the boundaries of a large area of the territories this area to be an infected place, and or- dering all cattle to be dipped twice at a certain interval in a certain solution between September 1, and October 31. Vats were built in various parts of the infected area, deputies were appointed by the various inspectors, to superintend the dipping, and in some sections the dipping has been virtually completed. In other sections prompt action was not taken by the stockmen, owing partly to ignorance of details, lack of energy, delay in getting the ingredients for the dip, or opposition to the measure. However, the season has been most propitious for such work and I trust to be able to report later that nearly all the stock in the infected area has been dipped. Owing to the lateness of the season when the orders for dipping were received, the work was not completed by October 31, and the returns not being in I am unable to send a report on the matter, but will forward as soon as possible. No other disease of a contagious or infectious nature has existed in the Terri- tories, and outside of mange, the cattle have been extremely healthy. Sheep have been very healthy throughout the Territories and no disease of a con- tagious or infectious nature has been reported. Importations of sheep have been small. Owing to scab and other diseases existing in the Northwestern States, care has been taken in inspecting sheep from those localities. SWINE. No disease has been reported as existing in the Territories. All swine imported were held at port of entry for fifteen days since the first of May last in accordance with quarantine regulations. All thoroughbred stock imported, were tested for tuberculosis. There was only one suspected case, which is still in quarantine. The sale of blacklegine has been small during the past year, the disease of black- leg not having, apparently, been prevalent. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The following is a statement of stock inspected for export : — Place. Horses. Cattle. Mules. Remarks 1904. 311 404 4,.313 3,350 1,917 17,991 12,447 7,754 21 cattle rejected for mange. Local market. Letlibridgc 4 1,737 1,320 1,768 127 cattle rejected for mange. 112 rejected mange. Total 5,540 47,772 4 The following is a statement of all stock inspected for importation : — INSPECTION FEES. The amount collected from November 6, 1903 to October 31, 1904, was ■which has been duly remitted to your department. 5,174.36, SALE OF BLACKLEGINE. The sum of $38.80 has, during the same i)eriod, been remitted as proceeds of sale of blacklegine distributed from here and necessary outfits for administering same. General. — The general work of the inspectors has increased very much during the past year, and of course the compulsory dipping order has taken up almost their un- divided attention since September 1, last. Owing to the great prevalence of glanders in Eastern Assiniboia, it has been difficult at times to attend promptly to all cases re- ported, but the best possible has been done with the means at my disposal, and very few complaints have been received. Owners of diseased stock have in nearly every instance done everything, to facilitate the work of the inspectors and are fully alive to the value of the work that is being done to stamp out disease amongst their herds. The Veterinary Director General has been kept fully informed of the work per- formed under my supervision and has visited the Territories and consulted with me on various matters during the past year. 128 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 I will forward as soon as received a full rei>ort on the compulsory dipping, but I am afraid this report will be somewhat delayed. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, A. B. PERRY, Commissioner. (J. F. Burnett, V.S.) MACLEOD, October 24, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report of work performed for the Department of Agriculture for the year endir^g October 31, 1904. Early in the year a number of animals owned in the vicinity of Lethbridge were found to be affected with maladie du coit. An effort was made to trace the disease to its origin, but without avail. As the disease was not known to exist in the North-westevn States, it became a matter of speculation as to where it did originate. Since the first case was discovered, an examination has been made of about three thousand mares, and all showing the slightest suspicion of disease have been quarantined. A stop has been put to stallions running at large, and everything done to prevent its spread. Mange among horses got quite a start again during last winter, but the owners worked at it, and I believe so far as this district is concerned, have it stamped out. Mange among cattle appeared to be more prevalent than usual the past season and on animals that are affected the disease is showing up worse than is ordinarily the case. Those who have dipped for mange are well pleased with the result, and a number have informed me that their Cattle are looking and doing better than they did before they were put through the vat. On October 12, eighteen horses were brought in from Cardston for shipment from this point to Calgary, to be used on the irrigation ditch. One horse presenting rather suspicious symptoms, and as the horses had been together for some time and there being no place here to isolate them, I sent them back to Cardston for Staff-Sergt. Oliver to test. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, JNO. F. BURNETT, Inspector. To the Officer Commanding, R.N.W.M. Police, Macleod. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 (W. Mitchell, V.S.) Eegina, October 31, 1904, Sir, — I have the honour, in compliance with your instructions, to forward the fol- lowing quarantine report for Depot Division for the year ending the 31st ultimo, to- gether with a tabulated statement embodying more detailed information as to the number of cases, character of the diseases, &c., that have come under the notice of the quarantine staff. Obviously, too, the extensive scope of country over which these operations have been extended, the extent and magnitude of the work involved, coupled with the limited space at one's disposal in a report of this kind, necessarily necessitates its restriction to a mere synopsis of the work actually performed. Suffice to say that in every instance where the suspected existence of contagious diseases have been brought before the notice of the authorities, the premises in question have been visited with the least possible delay by some member of the quarantine staff, and such action taken as seemed best calculated to protect not only the interests of the individual, but the community as well. ISJ'aturally, of the contagious diseases that have come under the notice of the officials of this department, glanders as usual, has demanded a preponderating measure of attention. Certainly the number of cases of this disease dealt with during the past season has been without a precedent in the history of this country. But on the other hand the influx of settlers of agricultural proclivities into these agricultural sections of the west, implying as it does a corresponding increase in the representation of the equine species has been on a scale equally commensurate, and doubtless to this fact is to be ascribed, to a considerable extent, the app,arent increase in the prevalence of this disease. Altogether, upwards of 217 horses and mules showing in each instance well-marked clinical symptoms of glanders have been destroyed in addition to which the mallein test has been applied to upwards of 1,038 ailimals that have been more or, less exposed to the contagion. After glanders, next in importance as engrossing the attention of the quarantine staff, especially in the eastern and northern portions of the district, has been contag- ious mange among the equine species. For in addition to several somewhat serious outbreaks of this disease among domesticated horses in certain localities, stray animals from the ranching districts to the north affected with the disease whose ownership could not 'be established, have been ever and anon drifting into the agricultural dis- tricts to the South, and in some instances appearing at points widely separated from their legitimate ranges, to the great annoyance of the resident horse ownei-s. In cases of this kind, however, advantage has been taken of the provisions of the 'Mange Order,' the offending animals isolated and tested at owners expense, or fail- ing that source of recoupment, the animals are sold as the law provides. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, • -. '.• - ' ' W. MITCHELL, .':'"i';J Vet. Staff-Sergt.''''' The Officer Commanding, Eegina District, Eegina. 15—9 130 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 (F. Perry, V.S.) E. N. W. M. Police, Wood Mountain, October 28, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to forward you the following report of work done for tlie Agricultural Department for the twelve months ended October 31. Number of animals inspected : — Horses 907 Oattle 9 Sheep — Swine — Of these, 500 were passed on free entry, 447 of these being estrays from this side of the line. Amount of inspection fees collected and forwarded from time to time, $203.90. The demand for ' Blacklegine ' has been much less than last year. Glanders. — I am sorry to have to record one case of glanders in the district which has been free from this disease so long. An aged stallion of Mr. J. H. Thompson's Laving been destroyed by me on September 8. Mange. — This disease made its appearance for the first time amongst the cattle in this district in December last. Where it was possible to stop affected stray cattle intermixing with our herds, I practically stamped out the disease. Number of cattle inspected and license given for removal from infected area, 601. One settler having the disease in his herd notified me of his intention not to ship. The new regulations with regard to inspection and discriminating between range stock and well broken horses, have been rigidly adhered to and after one party had been refused admission for want of proper certificates, there was no further trouble. The diminution in the number of horses entered for duty, is due partly to the new law regarding inspection and partly to the increased value placed on mares and stallions. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, F. PEREY, V.S., Staff-Sergt. To the Commanding Officer, N.W.M. Police, Wood Mountain. (H. T. Aybe, V.S.) Eegina, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to attach herewith a report of work done by Staff-Ser- g-eants H. T. Ayre, Busselle, Meakings and Mitchell, for the Department of Agricul- ture re quarantine between November 1, 1903 and October 31, 1904. I have the honour to be, sir, ; , Your obedient servant, H. T. AYEE, Vet. Staff-Sergt. The Officer Commanding R.N.W.M. Police, Eegina District. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 <5uABANTiNE work performed by Staff-Sgts. Ajre, Busselle, Meakings and . Mitchell between Nov. 1, 1903, and Oct. 31, 1904. . / lb ^ 5 i o J Tested more than once and ceased to react. o- S £ >, £ g 0) to 2 fl =!i s e3 . i n 1^ 0) X fi f- 1 2 ■ 3 4 5 Total. s- (D OJ -IJ ort is as follows: — Horses 3,642 Mules 2.5 Cattle 3,680 Sheep 7,482 Swine 33 Total exports— cattle, 1,917. Inspection fees collected, $1,452.76. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, H. J. JOHNSTON, Vet. Staif-Sergt. The Officer Commanding * K ' Division, RN.W.M. Police, Lethbridge. (E. C. Oliver, V.S.) Cardston, Alta., October 31, 1904. Sir,— I have the honour to forward the annual report of work performed by me for the Department of Agriculture for the year ending October 31, 1904. There were inspected for importation at this place : — Cattle 2,278 Horses 2,111 Mules ^ Total amount of inspection fees collected, $894.55. No contagious disease existed in stock of any kind with the exception of horse and cattle mange. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 1391 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The past winter being mild no loss of stock occurred from exposeure to cold. One case of suspected glanders was reported a few days ago. I examined this- horse, had him isolated and will make a proper test as soon as possible. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, E. C. OLIVEE, V.S., Vet Staff-Sergt. The Officer Commanding K.X.W.M. Police, Macleod. (C. H. McVeigh, V.S.) Calgary, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for tha Dapartraeat of Agriculture for the year ended October 31, 1904. I have to depend on the records in the office for the information herein contained. Cattle mange was prevalent throughout this district during the winter, but has not shown up to any extent in the summer, and detection of this disease during the warm weather was difficult. The whole of my district has been under quarantine for mange for some years, and the recent government Order for compulsory dipping will be most beneficial, and will result no doubt in eradicating the disease in a year or two. I will say no more as to the results of this Order as I am rendering a separate report as soon as my returns are in. The treatment of mange in horses ha#been given more attention by ranchers in general and a good deal of dipping has been done. The horses of the following owners are still under quarantine, but will be inspected shortly and no doubt released, as they have nearly all been dipped : — Christie, W. L., High Eiver. McHugh Brothers, Gladys. McDougall, W., High Eiver. Begg, E., Dunbow. McLaughlin, J., High Eiver. Some trouble was caused by a sale of horses from W. L. Christie to Pugh, Living- stone &Hoadley. These horses were inspected before being sold and a bunch of about thirty not sold on account of mange. Pugh, Livingstone & Hoadley, turned their horses on the range and alann was caused because they had been in contact with the disease. Veterinary Inspector Eiddell, howevei*, gathered and went over these horses twice and pronounced them clean, on the last occasion he inspected 408, one by one, in a chute. Glanders has been found in nearly eveiy part of the district. The attached list will show the number of horses destroyed for this disease, which curiously enough is the same as last year, viz. : forty-two. At this date there are some five or six animals awaiting re-test with mallein. I notice in the correspondence some trouble was caused by owners destroying horses for glanders and not keeping the hoof with the EE brand. I would suggest a foot note be printed on Form 48, ' Order of Veterinary Inspector as to disposal of re-acting animals,' warning owners on this point. 140 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Every shipment of stock during the year was inspected, the numbers are as fol- lows : — Cattle 17,891 Horses 1,737 Monthly statement of cattle shipments is attached. Veterinary Inspectors E. Riddell and A. Hobbs have done most of the inspection of cattle shipments during the past year. Veterinary Staff-Sergeant Nyblett and G. Jamison, V.S., were also employed in this work during a portion of the year. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, CHAS. H. McVEIGH, VeL Staff- Sergt. The Officer Commanding, K.N.W.M. Police, Calgary. (C. H. H. SWEETAPPLE, V.S.) Fort Saskatchewan, October 31, 190-1. Sir, — I have the honour to request that you will forward to the Commissioner's office, Kegina, the attached annual report of services performed for the Department of Agriculture for the year ended Ooctober 31, 1904. I am pleased to be able to report that there is a marked decrease in the number of animals destroyed for glanders during the past year over the preceding twelve months and in the localities where this disease prevailed to a large extent for some time previous very few cases now appear. Mange has been m'ore prevalent than heretofore, but is entirely due to animals coming from- the south which were previously affected. This disease has not gained a>ny headway north of the Red Deer rive^ The settlers have made every eSort to prevent the spread of the disease and have been most persistent in care and treatment of affected animals. The inspection of all animals from the south now necessary, will no doubt pre- ve-nt the further introduction of the disease and little difficulty will be experienced in overcoming the disease entirely in the district. Swamp fever and typhoid influenza, which have prevailed to a considerable extent during the past few years have not been so prevalent, but still a number of settlers have suffered quite seriously. Hoof disease or perhaps more properly cutaneous quittor, which has caused con- siderable trouble and loss in both horses and cattle dliring our very wet seasons has not proved serious the past summer and autumn. A number of most peculiar and interesting cases are seen in such a large district and much more light is necessary in some of these diseases which appear to be peculiar to the North-west. I must say that the great loss of horses especially, would be very much overcome if the settlers paid more attention to the sanitary condition of their outbuildings ajnd more enlightenment is essential on this most important subject before many of the iibove diseases can be successfully treated. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, C. H. H. SWEETAPPLE, VeL Staff-SergL The Officer Commanding, R.N.W.M. Police, Fort Saskatchewan HEALTH OF ASIMALS 1^ SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 (S. F. TOLMIE, V.S.) Victoria, B.C., October .31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit a report from April 1, when I was appointed an inspector in the veterinary branch of your department, to date. Under directions from the Veterinary Director General, I commenced my official duties by making a thorough inspection of all the ports of entry for live stock on the boundary line between Bi-itish Columbia and the States of Montana, Idaho and Wash- ington. Beginning at Victoria and ISTanainio, on Vancouver Island, I proceeded from there to Vancouver, ISTew Westminster and Douglas, on the lower mainland; from there I went to Greenwood, Grand Forks and their sub-ports of Sidley, Midway, Carson and Cascade ; from there to ISTelson and Eossland and their sub-ports Waneta and Paterson ; from there I went to Eykerts, on the Idaho line; then to Cranbrook and Elko, B.C.j and then to Gateway, on the Montana boundary. I submitted a full report to the Veterinary Director General regarding the points visited, describing the conditions existing as I found them, with relation to their suita- bility for live stock ports of entry, condition of stock corrals, and the manner in which the work of the department was being carried out, and suggested certain changes which I considered would be conducive to the improvement of the service. I also made a report on suitable sites for the erection of government quarantine corrals at the most suitable of the above points. According to instructions from the Veterinary Director General, I made an in- spection of the CiP.R. stock corrals at Eevelstoke, B.C., and found them in an un- satisfactory condition. I interviewed the divisional superintendent of the C.P.R. at that point regarding them. I was informed by him that the company contemplated making an improvement in their accommodation for live stock at this point. Subse- quently, on again looking into the matter, I found large and convenient corrals under construction. I found the corrals at Nelson inadequate for the accommodation of large ship- ments of stock, and at Grand Forks no corrals at all. I interviewed the C.P.R. officials, drawing their attention to these conditions, since then the corral at ISTekon has been enlarged and new yards erected at Grand Forks. Hog cholera has caused some loss to swine breeders during the past summer. This disease has appeared in Victoria, Saanich, Oyster, Bright, Cranberry, Cedar, Mountain and Comox districts, on Vancouver Island, and in West Kootenay and Boundary dis- tricts on the mainland. As is usual in such outbreaks, a number of swine owners in the early stages showed a tendency to conceal the presence of the disease, with the result that several farms would be affected in a district before it was discovered by the inspector. The disease was also spread in some districts by the practice prevailing of allowing- the swine to run at large, these districts being heavily wooded made inspection a some- what difficult matter. However, I applied to the provincial government, informing them of the existing conditions, and requested them to strictly enforce their statute re hogs running at large. They responded very promptly and detailed a police officer to enforce the Act, with the result that the disease was soon got under control. Towards the end of the outbreak, when the farmers began to realize the serious nature of the disease, I loun^ them more willing to report the appearance of it, and to take an active interest in its suppression. 142 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 I have reported heretofore on all cases of hog cholera dealt with by me. Isolated cases of glanders have appeared in Victoria, Highland and Boundary- districts. They were dealt with according to the regulations. One small flock of sheep was quarantined for scab. I am informed that the disease was imported from Washington, U.S., before the present stringent inspection regula- tions for sheep were put into force. I have tested two pure-bred shorthorn bulls with tuberculin for export to the United States, one reacted and was destroyed by the instructions of the owner, the other was suspicious and has been quarantined for three months and will be tested again at the expiration of that period. Symptomatic anthrax appears occasionally in some districts. Tuberculosis and actinomycosis are encountered occasionally, being more prevalent in some districts than in others, they are dealt with by the provincial authorities. Specific ophthalmia affected range and other cattle in the Okanagan valley during the summer months but subsided as the cooler fall weather approached. In accordance with instruction from the "Veterinary Director General I met him at Cranbrook, B.C., on September 21, and visited a number of the most important ports of entry for live stock on the boundary with a view to the selection of sites for the erection of government quarantine stations for live stock. The ground covered extended from Cranbrook to Victoria, B.C. The contemplated plans for the erection of proper quarantine stations for live stock at certain points on the southern boundary of the province, and other suggested changes when carried out will place the health of animals branch of the department in this province in a much more satisfactory condition, and will greatly facilitate the work of the officers. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient sei-vant, S. F. TOLMIE, las per lor. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (W. S. Bell, V.S.) Cranbrook, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report of inspection of live stock at the porta Gateway, Rykerts and Cranbrook and am pleased to say that I have had no outbreak of contagious disease of any kind in my district during the past year. During the year 993 horses, 547 cattle, 4 mules, 39 swine passed the different porta in my district for inspection. The new regulations requiring a certificate of health from the district from which range horses are being shipped from United States has had a good effect, also by excluding the poorer class of mares and stallions. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. S. BELL, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. HEALTH OF ANIMALS I43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 (Seymour Hadwen, D.V.S.) Nelson, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report from June 15 to October 31, 1904. During this period, there was an outbreak of hog cholera at Enterprise, Slocan Lake, which I attended to. I also tested eleven cows imported for milk production, one of which reacted to the test. The following list shows the number of animals inspected at this port and at Ross- land. Horses 404 Mules 2 Cattle 256 Sheep 3,670 Swine 71 Total 4,403 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, SEYMOUR HADWEN, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (C. H. Henderson, D.V.S.) Greenwood, B.C., October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my report for the year ending October 31, 1904, at ports of Grand Forks and Midway. During the year there was an outbreak of hog cholera at Greenwood and eighty- one hogs were destroyed. One horse was tested for glanders on Anarchist Mountain and destroyed. Eleven head of horses were refused entry at Midway, two being affected with glanders and the rest being in contact. Following are the animals imported from April 1 to October 31, 1904 : — Horses 712 Cattle 540 Sheep 13,040 Swine 64 Mules 9 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, C. M. HENDERSON, Inspector. The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 144 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 (J. W. Blakd, V.S.) Vancouver, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I have the honour to report that the general health of horses, cattle and sheep in the province of British Columbia during the past year has been good, with few exceptions. On April 26 I inspected twenty-seven head of American Merino sheep for Clark Bros., of Addison, Vt., U.S.A., valued at twenty-five thousand dollars,- — a magnificent flock indeed. Clark Bros, had five new wooden crates built here for their ocean voyage to Sydney, Xew South Wales. Clark Bros, and myself removing them from palace horse car number 58953, Canadian Pacific Railway Company, to new wooden crates with greatest possible care. On April 28 I inspected thirty-four head of American Merino sheep for Bissell & Jackson, of East Shoreham, Vt., U.S.A., valued at thirty thousand dollars. Mr. Jack- son had seven new wooden crates built here for their ocean voyage to Sydney, N.S.W. Mr. Jackson and myself removing them from palace horse car number 58958, Canadian Pacific Railway Company to new wooden crates with greatest possible care. In conclusion I have again to thank the officers of His Majesty's Customs and also the Canadian Pacific Railway officers for assistance in fumigating cars from mange district. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. W. BLAND, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. (C. R. Richards, M.D.C.) Victoria, October 31, 1904. Sir, — I beg to submit herewith my report of the work carried on during the year ending October 31, 1904. \ There has been a total import inspection at this port of 221 horses, 1 mule, 9S cattle and 5 swine, since May 1, 1904, when inspection was placed on mutton sheep. I have inspected 14,046 sheep. The exportations number, 8 horses and 1 sheep. All animals inspected at the port of entry have been free from disease. During the year I have been called to different parts of Vancouver Island to deal with outbreaks of hog cholera, the disease first being reported from the Comox district and is supposed to have originated in swine imported from the territories ; in all I have caused to be slaughtered 342 as being infected, and 59 as contact. No fresh cases have been reported for the last six weeks and I think the worst of it is now over, although for some time to come we may expect isolated outbreaks. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Considerable difficulty has been experienced in handling the disease in Chinese piggeries, which are usually kept in a very unsanitary condition. In not one instance have the Chinese reported the disease, although on investigation it was shown to have existed on their premises for some time. In December, 1903, a case of glanders came under my notice in my private practice. I at once reported the case to Dr. Hopkins of Vancouver, B.C., who was then in charge of the work for British Columbia, and afterwards assisted him in testing the contact animals, two of which reacted and were quarantined, one passed the second test and the other was afterwards killed on showing clinical symptoms. I have since inspected and caused to be destroyed three horses infected with glanders and showing clinical symptoms, and tested with mallein two contact horses which showed no reaction. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, C. R. RICHARDS, Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 15—10 146 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ACriNOBACII.L.OSIS. (By Chas. H. Higgks, B.S., D.V.S.) (Pathologist.) The possibility of this disease existing in Canada was first mentioned by the Veter- inaiy Director General of the Department of Agriculture, Dr. J. G. Rutherford, in his ennual report for 1902.' The confirmation of this suspicion was made by the writer in an official report dated June 23, 190o, and sinca that time three other identified cases have been studied and have also furnished the data upon which this Bulletin is based. The non-identification of this disease in the past has been due to the fact that little or no original work has been conducted in Canada, on the infectious diseases of animals, and when such work has been accomplished the greatest difficulties have been encountered. This disease, as the name implies, bears a similarity to the disease known as ' Actinomycosis ' or ' Lumpy Jaw ' ; and in fact a study of its anatomical manifesta- tions and pathological lesions would lead the uninitiated to believe they were dealing with that classic affection. Until 1900-01, the two diseases were considered identical, in fact no effort had been made to differentiate between them until it was shown by Lignieres and Spitz^ that two distinct diseases were being treated under the one name, ' Actinomycosis.' Their work was exhaustive and indicated that beside the streptothrix causing the classic Actinomycosis, a bacillus, having none of the charac- teristics of a dichotomous strepthothrix was responsible for lesions exhibiting the same general character as are found in Actinomycosis, with the exception of their micro- chemical reactions, and, from its bacillary causative agent named it ' Actinobacillosis ' (which means a ray-forming baccillus). Nocard,^ in 1902, identified this affecton in France, showing also that its dis- tribution was general in that country. The disease studied by us is identical with that studied by Lignieres and Spitz in the Argentine Republic, and M. Nocard in France, with the exception that the bacillus isolated from our cases has not in any instance shown the degree of virulence credited to that isolated by the investigators mentioned, hence we may safely assume that in the cases studied, we have been dealing with an attenuated form of the disease. The history and extent of this affection in Canada has not been fully ascertained, but it is more than probable that a number of the cases known under the name of Actinomycosis, would, if investigated, be found to be due to the peculiar bacillus which we are about to describe. It is not our purpose at this time to discuss the subject of Actinomycosis, as this disease has received consideration by various writers and we are not prepared to add any new scientific data to that already published -on this affection. It is, however, our intention to present in a clear and concise manner the results of our investiga- tions upon this newly described disease, 'Actinobacillosis,' that Canadian veterin- ^ Annual report of the Minister of Agriculture, 1902, p. 82. * J. Lignieres and G. Spitz, do L'Institut National Bacteriologie Buenos Aires, Actino- bacillose, Recueil de Medecin' Veterinaire, 1903. * Nocard, ActinobacWlose der zunge, Jhar. der Vet. Med. Berlin, LVI., Bd., p. 695, 1903 (Abstract). HEALTH OF ANIMALS 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 arians and stock-owners may know the essential characteristics of this disease which has been identified in Canada. The history of the four cases identified by ns is very brief and will be given in as full a manner as the data accompanying the material forwarded allows. Case L — An aged grade cow. Suffered considerably in fall of 1901 and spring of 1902. After being allowed to run to pasture for a time and delivered of her calf she seemed to make a good recovery. This year (1903) the symptoms returned in a more aggravated form and the animal was destroyed. The affected portion, consisting of the pharynx, larynx and the upper part of the trachea, including the oesophagus and tumour mass, was forwarded to the laboratory. The material on arrival was looked upon as a tumour of non-infectious character and was immediately placed in a solution of formaldehyde until the pressure of rou- tine would allow its examination, which was a few days later. On section the characteristic semi-fluid glue-like pus was revealed which is almost diagnostic. It was only at this time that the exact nature of the affection was suspected and this too late to obtain positive results from animal inoculation on account of the time the material had remained in the preserving: fluid. Microscopic preparations of the pus revealed the peculiar clubs, and no nortion of the smear preparation, retained the colouring matter when treated by the method of Gram. Sections of the tumour cut in parafiine exhibited the same micro-chemical characteristics. Case II. — This animal was a pure bred Shorthorn bull. He was examined by the local veterinarian in May. He has what was diagnosed as a small abscess in the left parotid gland. Potassium iodide was prescribed and continued for a long period, nevertheless, the abscess increased in size, the animal continued losing in flesh and breathed with some difficulty, due to the pressure on the larynx of the tumour mass. Later another abscess appeared on the hip near the tail. Owing to the condition of the animal and the progress the disease was making he was destroyed. The material forwarded to the laboratory in this instance consisted of pus, taken at the time of opening the abscess in the region of the parotid gland. Laboratory animals (guinea-pigs and rabbits) were immediately inoculated. The first animal to succumb to the effects of the inoculation was a guinea-pig, death occurring on the nineteenth day after intra-peritoneal inn'ection of the pus. At the autopsy this animal exhibited the characteristic lesions of the disease from which the bacillus was obtained in pure cultures. Case III. — In this case the veterinarian was called to see the animal and owing to the extremely emaciated condition of the subject she was destroyed. It was noted that the tongue was not normal, in consequence of which it was removed and for- warded to the laboratory. Arrving in a fresh condition, animal inoculations were made subcutaneously, the first succumbing to the effects of the disease at the end of twenty-six days. The lesions at the autopsy were characteristic of the disease, and the bacillus was obtained from them in pure culture. Case IV. — A growth appeared, on the jaw of an animal which was being fattened for beef. This growth was supposed to have resulted from the kick of a horse. A portion of the mass was forwarded to the laboratory for examination. On microscopical examination the lesions of Actinobacillosis were found, there being no filaments and no portion of the material retained the colouring matter when treated by the method of Gram. Lesions. — The gross lesions seen in an infected animal are very similar to those of Actinomycosis, consisting principally -of a fibrous tissue hyperplasia. In many 15— lOi 148 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 instances the lesions can only be differentiated from those of Actinomycosis by their reaction to the various colouring matters used in preparing the material for micro- scopic examination, particularly to the method of Gram, decolourizing when treated with alcohol. The pus is characteristic, of a semi-solid consistency, glutinous, almost transparent and containing whitish granules which are scarcely visible to the naked eye. These granules when examined, under the microscope exhibit ' bizarre ' forms, which under high magnification show the peculiar bulb-like processes radiating from the mass. Owing to the glutinous nature of the pus it is with difficulty drawn into the ordinary laboratory pipettes, which must be of large calibre. If successfully drawn into them, greater difficulty is experienced in removing it in the process of making cover-slip perparations, cultures or animal inoculatons. Cultural Characteristics. — Cultures are obtained direct from the pus with some difficulty, it being first necessary to crush the granular masses. It has been our practice to crush these particles against the side of the test-tube, using a heavy plati- num wire for the purpose. Morphology. — The bacillus causing Actinobacillosis resembles in a marked de- gree the bacillus of Fowl Cholera* studied by the writer in 1896. It is aerobic, facultative anaerobic, non-motile and in sizes varies, usually being from 1-0-1 -8 '' long and 0-4-0 -6 broad. A distinct polar arrangement of the protoplasm is noted in the hanging drop preparation. It stains with the ordinary aniline dyes, particu- larly those which are acidulated ; but does not retain the colouring matter when treat- ed by the method of Gram. Broth. — Culture in beef broth'^ show a slight colouring of the medium in twenty- four hours at 37°C. This cloudiness increases and after some days a slight sediment is noted. ISTo scum has appeared on the surface of the medium. The addition of glycerine, up to five per cent, does not influence the growth. Gelatin. — Only occasionally has it been possible to obtain any growth in gelatin, and even this has been very slight, appearing as very fine points, visible only on magni- fication. These points may appear deep in the medium, along the line of stab or neav the surface. 'No liquifaction of this medium has been observed. Agar. — Upon agar, small translucent colonies of one millimetre in diameter are noted at the end of twenty-four hours. The edges of these colonies are granular. In stab cultures growth is obsei-ved in the depth of the medium as weU as on the surface. Colonies deep in the medium along the line of stab are finely granular and do not extend into the surrounding medium. Gas Production. — No formation of gas has been noted in saccharose, glucose or lactose broth. There is a clouding of these media. * C. H. Higgins, Notes upon an Epidemic of Fowl Ctiolera, Jour. Expt. Med Vol III No. 6, 1898. ' Preparation of broth : — Leibig's extract of beef. ... 5- Sodium chloride 10' Witte's peptone 5- Distilled water 1000- This is boiled one hour, neutralized with potassium hydrate using phenolpthalein as an indicator and again boiled for thirty minutes and filtered. In neutralizing the medium is left slightly alkaline to compensate for the change which takes place in sterilizing in the autoclave. This broth was the basis of gelatine and agar media. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Milk. — Milk to which litmus and lactose have been added exhibits no change in reaction, nor is there a coagulation of the medium. This medium furnishes condi- tions favourable to the development of this organism. Serum. — In liquid serum a floculent growth is observed in from twenty-four to forty-eight hours, which falls to the bottom of the tube. No general turbidity of this medium is observed. Potato. — Upon alkaline potato a slight growth is noted after four days, appeaj*- ing as small white colonies on the medium. Potatoes which are acid present no growth everu after prolonged incubation. Egg media.'^ — It was with egg media that the greater portion of our investiga- tions with this disease were carried out, and it was the only medium used in the iso- lation of the bacillus. In the process of isolating the germ from the affected tissue of an experimental animal, the precautions noted by Theobald Smith for the isola- tion of the tubercle bacillus were observed. A portion of the tissue taken under such precautions was placed in the tube, partially crushed with a heavy platinum wire and smeared over the surface of the medium. A growth may appear in three days, but was in some instances not observed previous to eighteen days' incubation at 37° C The first colonies appear as very small white dots raised from the surrounding medium, and in growing, form a mass which has the appearance of h^lf a sphere, never attain- ing a diameter greater than two millimetres after prolonged incubation. If these first colonies are touched with the platinum wire, they are found to be rather hard and firmly adherent to the underlying medium, but if a smear preparation is made, the characteristic bacilli are found. If streaks on the medium are made from these first colonies, ei+her in the same tube or transfers, observation after twenty-four hours reveals many small colonies, none exceeding one millimetre in diameter. After pro- longed incubation the colonies grow very little larger, but become more numerous, gradually filling the intervening space, and finally form a white streak on the medium. Indol. — A trace of indol is present in old broth cultures. Agglutination. — Serum of experimental animals affected with Actinobacillosis causes a clumping of the bacilli in the hanging drop preparation, while that of other animals not infected causes no agglutination reaction. Vitality. — The bacillus is destroyed in ten minutes at 62°C. Growths are ob- tained only at incubator temperature (37° C), but may occasionally be obtained in( a veiy slight degree at room temperature (20° C). Tissue kept frozen for seven days, during which time the temperature ranged from — 0° F. to — 20° F., proved fatal to guinea-pigs on subcutaneous inoculation, in 25, 28 and 45 days respectively. ANIMAL INOCULATIONS. Guinea-Pigs. — Guinea-pigs inoculated intra-peritoneally with pure cultures or pus die in from nineteen to thirty-one days of a generalized actinobacillosis. We have been unable to produce death in a shorter period with a general jperitonitis, which fact indicates, as already stated, that we are dealing with an attenuated virus. The lesions presented at the autopsy are characteristic and very interesting, being entirely different from those observed, the result of other infective agents. Small pearly-white nodules appear just beneath the peritoneal and plural membrane's, vary- ' M. Dorset. The use of Eggs as a Medium for the Cuiltivation of the Bacillus Tuberculosis. Annual report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States, 1901, p. 574. ]50 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ing from l.'O — 6 "0 mm. in diameter. The liver presents lesions throughout its sub- stance, the surface being mottled. ^ The spleen shows, usually, a varying number of nodules. The great mesenteric fold of the omentum has in every instance been the seat of exteesive lesions, and in some cases has a thickness of one and one-half centimetres and a length of eight centimetres. The kidneys present nodules beneath their serous covering, but none have been observed in the substance of the organ. The diaphragm may contain numerous nodules beneath its serous surfaces. The stomach and intestines usually present nodules on their serous surfaces, varying from 1"0 mm. to 0:5 cm. in diameter. Ulcers are usually present on the mucous surface of the stomach varying in size from 3 -0 to 5 '0 mm. in diameter. Ulcers were also noted in the intestine, particularly in the caecum and large intestine. The lungs present greater or less involvement of their structure ; in some instances there being a few supei-ficial nodules, while in others the lesions are general throughout the tissue of these organs. Serous fluid has been present in both the thoracic and abdominal cavi- ties, but is not contantly found in either. Nodules have been obsei'ved* on the sur- face of the heart and in the pericardial membrane. An excessive amount of fluid may or may not be present in the pericardial sac. No lesions of the endocardium have been obsei'ved. At the point where the needle enters the pertitioneal cavity there is lalways an extensive nodular manifestation in the abdominal wall beneath the peri- toneum. The various lymph glands are usually enlarged, and present lesions. Subcutaneous inoculation is usually followed by the same general lesions above mentioned. There is usually an abscess formed at the point of inoculation, and the lymph glands in the immediate neighbourhood are greatly enlarged. There may be no generalized infection where this method of inoculation is ■"•-if+i=pd, death being due to toxic poisoning. This method of inoculation requires a somewhat longer period to result fatally, usually being from twenty-five to thirty-eight days. Rabbits. — Rabbits, inoculated intra-peritoneally, present lesions very similar to those seen in guinea-pigs. There is a generalized actinobacillosis, in which the thoracic and abdominal viscera are involved to a greater or less extent. There is usually ulcer- ation of the intestinal tract, more particularly of the caecum and large intestine. in one instance this was very extensive. The serous membranes of the thoracic and abdominal cavities are extensively invilved. Inoculated intra-peritioneallly with either pure cultures or pus, rabbits die in from fifty-one to seventy days. In one instance one hiindred cubic centimetres of fluid was contained in the abdominal cavity and in this fluid the characteristic tuft formation was demonstrated on microscopic examination. We have not studied the virulence of this germ for other animals at this labora- tory. Microscopic examination. — The microscopic examination of the pus and tissues from animals affected with Actinobacillosis requires special technique to differentiate their various characteristics. The best results are obtained by the use of eosin and methylene-blue, and the method described by Lignieres and Spitz' has given excellent ^ Lignieres and Spitz. Actinobacillose, Recueil de Medecin Veterinaire, September 30th, 1902. Their Method is as follows : Eosin, watery solution (Hoechst). . . 1 part Borrel's Blue 1 part Water 8 parts Mix just before use and filter rapidly. {Suspend sections attached to slides or coverslip preparations upside down over the staining dish and allow the , stain to saturate them from below, thus avoiding the precipitate which is formed in the staining material. Stain in this solution for thirty minutes. Wash thoroughly in water. Use 10 per cent solution of tannic acid, which will cause colour of ithe section to brighten. Wash again in water. Dehydrate in alcohol. Clear with oil of caryophyllae and mountain xylol balsam. The stain, as above prepared, spoils within an hour and ailmost completely loses its staining qualities. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 results with both the smear preparations from pus and paraffine sections of afiected tissue. The methods of Gram and Wiegert also give good microscopic preparations. A saturated solution of eosin may be used, followed by Unna's alkaline methylene- blue. Good microscopic preparations of the pus may be obtained by the use of Roman- owsky's stain as modified by Button and Todd.^ In fresh pus the tufts are not easily distingished, but when squeezed between the slide and coverglass are clearly visible, even to the naked eye. They are of a whitish-gTay colour, and may be more easily examined if a little picro-carmine gly- cerine is placed at the edge of the coverslip, as the tufts stain yellow with picric acid and the rest of the field will assume a reddish tinge. Lesions in the various organs and tissues exhibit the same general characters as are exhibited by the tufts in the pus. The peculiar bulb-like processes are seen to extend toward the surrounding tissue, similarly as is the case in actinomycosis. Im- mediately surrounding the mass of the lesion is an inflammatory area, its extent depending upon the nature of the lesion. Infectiousness. — Actinobacillosis is an infectious disease, capable of communica- tion by direct inoculation. We are not prepared at the present time to indicate the degree of danger through co-habitation, but from the nature of the infective agent we believe that this danger is perhaps slightly greater than is the case with actinomy- cosis. We have not found in any of the material indication of grains. Treatment. — In this bulletin on the subject of Actinobacillosis it is fitting that something be said concerning the treatment of affected animals. We have conducted no experiments with this end in view, although we have such under consideration, but we have the results of other workers, who indicate treatment similar to that which is pursued in cases of actinomycosis, consisting principally in the administrartion of large doses of potassium iodide. This treatment, while beneficial, will have no ulti- mate results unless prescribed in the manifestation of the affection. From the fact that in the majority of cases the lesions ai-e located in the region of the larynx, and from the extensive tumour formation respiration is seriously in- terfered with, it is easily undei'Stood why the treatment must be commenced early. If the disease process has extended too far, the condition of the animal is such as to make treatment an unprofitable investment, for we have beside the actual lesions, the toxine poisoning to deal with. ' Button and Todd. Trypanosomiasis Expedition to Senegambia, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, 1902, p. 3. Modification of Romanowsky's stain. Solution A. Medicinal methylene blue (Hoechst) 0-5 Grammes Saturated solution of chemically pure borax 0-5 c. c. Incubate four days at 37° C, then add absolute alcohol 50' c. c. Solution B. Eosin, Extra B.A. Crystals (Hoechst) 25-0 Grammes Distilled water 50- c. c. Absolute alcohol 50"0 c. c. For use dilute with water, one part of stain to nineteen parts of water. Mix equal parts of diluted stain in a flask an/d pour immediately into a staining dish. Stain three to six minu- tes. Wash quickly but throughly in tap waper and try in the air without the aid of heat. 152 dupabtment of agriculture 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 MANG-E, The term scabies or mange is applied to a class of skia disease produced by parasites of minute size belonging to the natural family Snrcoptidce, which comprises three genera, the Sarcoptes, the Psoroptes and the Symhiotes. Of the genus Sarcoptes there are several species, two only of which, however, affect mammals, viz., the Sarcoptes of scabies and the dwarf Sarcoptes. The latter are found on the heads of some small animals, such as the cat, rabbit, &c., and are not of great importance to stock-owners. The Sarcoptes of scabies, on the other hand, comprise a large number of varieties, which live on man and many animals. This species, which is responsible for the most serious forms of parasitic skin diseases, is distinguished from other mange acari by the peculiar manner in which the female deposits her eggs, namely, in a burrow or gallery excavated for the purpose beneath the epidermis. Of the genus Psoroptes there is but one species, although there are several varie- ties affecting different animals. It is this species of acarus which is responsible for the mange usually affecting both the cattle and horses of the western ranges. It must, however, be distinctly understood that a different variety infests each of the two species of animals mentioned, and that the malady is not transmissible from the horse to the ox or vice versa, although a slight temporary irritation of the skin may occasionally result from the transfer of the acarus. All the mange insects are very minute, varying in length from 1-40 to 1-100 of an inch, the Psoroptes being slightly larger than the Sarcoptes, and consequently more easy of detection. The most certain mode of distinguishing true mange from other irritations of the skin, many of which closely resemble it in general characteristics, is, of course, the isolation of the acarus. In the Sarcoptic form this is often difficult, as the parasites are usually deeply imbedded in the skin. The Psoroptes, however, can generally be detected by exposing to the sun's rays, preferably inside of a window, a quantity of the scabs and other debris scraped from the skin of the patient. After an hour or so of this exposure the move- ments of the acari, if present, can be detected with the aid of a good magnifying glass, although a low power microscope may be required to determine the exact variety to which they belong. It is needless to say that true mange is produced only by acari, and that it is impossible for the disease to originate in any way other than from con- tagion direct or indirect, although dirt, poverty and neglect undoubtedly favour its development. The irritation of the skin is due, not to the bite nor to the movements of the para- site, but to a poisonous secretion or saliva which it introduces into the tissues, the most virulent being that peculiar to the Psoroptes. The acarus once established on the skin of a congenial host, the symptoms of mange are not, as a rule, long in becoming apparent, although, for reasons not yet fully understood, the disease is usually much more active in the winter than during the summer season. This peculiarity has long been noted, and in Europe has been attri- buted to the warmth of winter stabling, but as the same condition is observable in animals constantly exposed to the weather, some other explanation is evidently re- quired. Mange, whether due to Sarcoptes or Psoroptes, gives rise to intense itching, accompanied by loss of hair, and later by effusion, thickening of the skin and the formation of scabs or crusts. Redness is also always present, although this cannot HEALTH OF ANIMALS 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 be detected except in white or light coloured animals. As the disease advances the thickened skin, especially where loosely attached to the tissues, becomes corrugated in deep folds or ridges, this condition being very characteristic, in chronic cases. The progress of the disease, at first slow, soon becomes rapid, owing to the tremendous rate at which the parasites multiply. According to Gerlach, one pair of acari are capable of producing, through successive- generations, within three months no less than 1,500,000 descendents. The period required for the eggs to hatch is short, vary- ing from three to ten days, according: to the favourable or unfavourable nature of the circumstances. Sarcoptic scabies, although seldom seen in Canada, merits a brief description. Of the larger animals, it affects the horse, ass and mule only, the ox being, so far as known, free from the attacks of this genus. The disease at first develops slowly, its specific lesions being seldom noticeable before the expiry of at least three weeks from the date of infection. It is generally first noticed in the region of the withers, whence it extends in an irregular manner over the surface of the body proper, the extremities usually being left untouched. If neglected it soon produces constitutional disturbance, which, with the loss of rest and food due to the continual irritation, not i;nfrequently leads to a fatal termination. Cases of old standing are difficult to treat successfully, the disease frequently reappearing in animals apparently cured. Except in the very early stages it is contagious in the extreme. Gerlach states that he has seen healthy horses become affected in fifteen minutes when placed along- side of mangy horses on which the disease had reached th scabby stage. The trans- mission is effected not through the egg's or the naature egg-laying females which are buried in the skin, but through the rapid movements of the younger individuals in both sexes. Many experiments have been conducted with the object of conveying Sarcoptic mange of the horse to animals of other species, and. vice versa, but as a rule, without success, although a temporary irritation, disappearing spontaneously or yielding readily to treatment, may make its appearance. The irritation referred to is especially notice- able in man, and some authorities believe that the infection in this case is a real one, although actual proof to this effect is, so far, lacking. Psoroptic mange of the horse, while not so intractable as that produced by the Sarcoptes, is still a very serious malady, capable, under favourable conditions, of causing great suffering to affected animals and corresponding loss to their owners. It generally makes its appearance at or near the roots of the mane or tail, the first indication of infection being the rubbed or broken appearance of the long hairs of one or both of these appendages. Examination will reveal the presence of an eruption of small pimples containing fluid, which, on breaking, form a crust. This crust, as the exudation continues, becomes thicker, but remains moist, thus differing from that of Sarcoptic mange, which is dry and scaly. As the acari multiply, the disease gradually- spreads from each centre of infection, and the irritation being greatly increased by constant rubbing, the skin eventually becomes thickened, inflamed and wrinkled, while the hair in many cases either falls out or is rubbed off. ' Between the wrinkles is to be found a moist, filthy accumulation of broken scab, which, especially in warm weather, is offensive in smell, and contributes largely to the general skin irritation. Psoroptic mange does not spread over the surface of the body as rapidly nor to as great an extent as the Sarcoptic form. Gerlach states, however, that the vitality of the Psoroptes when removed from the host, as for instance on blankets, brushes or harness, is greater than that of the Sarcoptes. They have been known to live for a fortnight in dry open air, and for twice that period in a stable. Many attempts ha\e been made to transmit the disease from the horse to other domestic animals but with- out success. Psoroptic mange of cattle presents few points of difference from that of the horse as described above, and, as already stated, is due to a very similar variety of the same species of acarus. 154 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 It is usually first noticed in the region surrounding the root of the tail, although it may also commence operations at the withers or on the neck. Its manifestations greatly resemble those observed in Psoroptic mange of the horse, and it has the same tendency to apparently recover in summer only to reappear with the return of the cold weather. It yields rapidly to treatment, and only becomes serious when neglected. Symbiotic mange is, in horses generally confined to the legs, where it causes great irritation, and eventually loss of hair, thickening and inflammatory exudations. It is most frequently seen in heavy horses with hairy legs. It spreads very slowly, and yields readily to treatment. Symbiotic mange of cattle is even less serious than in horses. It is seldom seen except at the root of the tail, and only extends to other regions when long neglected. It is very slightly contagious, and is amenable to simple treatment. In animals properly domesticated the treatment of mange is comparatively simple. Affected animals should be clipped, the place where the clipping is performed thoroughly disinfected, and the hair burned. The animal should then be well rubbed all over with soft soap, to which a small quantity of creolin or some similar agent may, with advantage, be added. This should be followed, after a lapse of several hours, by a thorough dressing with one or other of the preparations given below. A very satisfactory and effective remedy consists of the following : — • Oil of tar One part Linseed oil Twenty parts to which should be added as much sublimed sulphur as the mixture will conveniently carry. These ingredients are to be heated gradually togethei', but must not be allowed to boil. This mixture should be well rubbed into the skin, and allowed to remain on for several days, when it may be washed off and the application repeated. Another excellent remedy, which can be used in the same way, is known as Hel- merich's Pomade, consisting of : — Sublimed sulphur 200 parts Potassium carbonate 100 " Lard 800 " Where oleaginous preparations are used, it is well not to cover the whole body at once, as the functions of the skin are liable to be suppressed, with dangerous results. A most effective mixture consists of : — Creosote 10 parts Alcohol 10 " Water 25 " Or— Creosote 1 part Vegetable oil 30 parts ZundeVs Formula. Crude carbolic acid 53 oz. Quicklime 36 " Carbonate of soda 107 " Soft soap 107 " Dissolve in 57 gallons of hot water. Crude carbolic acid is preferred to the pure article, as the essential oils it con- tains are beneficial, but creolin can be substituted for either with good results. Coal oil and benzine are excellent agents for the destruction of acari, but are apt to cause persistent irritation of the skin, which is difficult to distinguish from that due to the disease itself. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A useful kerosene emulsion, however, is the following : — Hard soap ^ pound Water 1 gallon Kerosene 2 gallons The water should be at boiling noint when the other ingredients are added, and the mixture is to be constantly stirred until cool, when it may be dissolved in 60 gal- lons of hot water. Where large quantities are required, as for dipping, any of the following prepara- tions will be found suitable and convenient : South African Official Mange Dip. Flowers of sulphur 21 pounds Unslaked lime * 16| " Water 100 gallons The lime should be slaked so as to form a rather thick lime paste. The flowers of sulphur should then be added to this paste, and the whole well stirred. The mixture is then to be placed in a kettle with twenty-five or thirty gallons of boiling water, and boiled for two hours or more, during which time it should be stirred at intervals. After the sulphur disappears from the surface the mixture, including the sediment, may be poured into a barrel provided with a bung hole a few inches from the bottom. After being allowed to settle, the liquid is to be drained off through the spigot near the bottom of the barrel, and enough warm water added to make 100 gallons. The sediment is not to be used for dipping purposes, but can be utilized to advantage in the disinfection of fences, yards and buildings. All lime and sulphur dips are to be prepared in a similar manner. Australian Dip. Twenty-five pounds of sulphur and 18 pounds slaked lime, made into the consis- tency of thick cream. By boiling the above for twenty minutes in 20 gallons of water, the sulphide and hyposulphite of calcium are produced. The resulting orange coloured liquid is finally mixed with sufiicient water to make it up to 100 gallons. Fort Collins Dip. Flowers of sulphur 33 pounds Unslaked lime 11 " Water 100 gallons A lime and sulphur dip recommended by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry is as follows : — Flowers of sulphur 24 pounds Unslaked lime 8 " Water 100 gallons As will be noted, the Australian dip is stronger than any of the other lime and sulphur dips mentioned above, and should therefore be used with some caution, as irritation, especially of the eyes, is liable to follow dipping in very strong preparations of this nature. Eecent experiments have shown that when the ingredients are mixed in the fol- lowing proportions there is less waste of material than in any of the dips mentioned above, while the preparation is equally effective. ' 156 DEPARTMENT OF AXJRICULTL'RE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Flowers of sulphur 24 pounds Unslaked lime 10 " Water 100 g-allons This prescription is therefore recommended to Canadian stockmen, although any of the lime and sulphur compounds given above will, if properly prepared and used, be considered satisfactory to the department. All applications will be found much more effective when used at a temperature as hot as can comfortably be borne, viz., from 100° to 110° Fahrenheit. This is most essential, and many different methods of maintaining heat have been recommended. The department is now experimenting with a specially designed boiler, but as at present constructed, it is too clumsy and expensive for ordinary use. In a bulletin recently published by Dr. Van Es, of the North Dakota Agricul- tural College and Government Experiment Station, a very simple and inexpensive mode of heating is described as follows : — ' The special heating apparatus spokon of consists of a pipe running alongside of the vat and commrmicating with it below and above. The pipe is provided with several elbows by means of which a straight piece is placed parallel to the vat, at some distance from it, in an open trench. In this trench a fire is maintained and the whole arrangement is so made that the pipe is well surrounded by the fire. As the pipe slightly inclines, the heated water escapes upward into the vat, while its place is taken by colder water entering the pipe from below. The water thus being kept in circulation, gradually reaches the required temperature. Instead of a single pipe, a coil of pipes may be used, by which arangement a greater surface is exposed to the heat of the fire and the required temperature can be obtained in a shorter space of time. ' The same fire may be 'made use of to prepare the dip by placing the tank in which this is to be boiled over the trench.' By coiling the pipe and inclosing it in a galvanized iron box, the heat can be economized and a considerable saving of fuel affected. Treatment, to ensure success, must be repeated after an interval of at least ten days. Horses suffering from Sar Coptic mange frequently require three or four dressings. In addition to treating affected animals, it is of course necessary to thoroughly cleanse and disinfect stables, yards and corrals in v/hich they have been kept, as also all articles with which they have, in any way, been brought in contact. Too much care cannot be exercised in dealing with any of the forms of disease produced by mange acari, as they are insidious to a degree, and frequently reappear after all danger is thought to be past. J. G. EUTHEEFOKD, Veterinary Director General. Ottawa, June, 1904. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 DIPPIISrG PLA-NTS. The illustrated description of dipping plants which follows is reprinted, by per- mission, from Farmers Bulletin No. 152, of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, its author being Richard W. Hickman, V.M.D., chief of the miscellaneous division. Of the various dipping plants in use, there are but two kinds that need descrip- tion— the small dipping plant, which is inexpensive and suitable for use by a com- munity of farmers, and the larger dipping plant with swimming tank, such as would be needed if large numbers of range cattle are to be treated. A suitable plant for a community of farmers has been built for $160, while a swimming tank will cost $350. Such a plant as that in operation 18 miles noi'th of Steele, North Dakota, known as the Langedahl, would seem to be an admirable example of the smaller kind. This plant, with the exception of the tank, was built by farmers. A threshing engine was used for heating purposes by connecting a 1^-inch pipe to the whistle intake, the iwhistle being removed, and the pipe joined to the union. The plant has a capacity of 200 head per day. Its cost, without engine or labour, excepting the labour to build the tank or vat, was $150. ' One person can easily lower the cage, when loaded by taking a hitch around a post, and it may be raised, as shown in illustrations, either with engine or horses. MATERIALS FOR PLANT. Following are the illustrations (figs. 1-15) and list of materials for the smaller plant, the tank of which may be filled with dip made as per preceding formula for about $7.50. The drawings from which the illustrations were made and list of materials were furnished by Dr. Robert H. Treacy : Entrance pen and chute. 65 plank 2 inches x 6 inches x 16 feet. 28 posts. 18 braces 4 inches x 4 inches x 4 feet. TanTg or vat. 800 feet good 2-inch plank. 400 running feet tongue strip. 10 pieces 4 inches x 4 inches x 16 feet. 2 pieces 2 inches x 6 inches x 16 feet. 10 pounds lead. Cage. 8 pieces 4 inches x 4 inches x 16 feet. 8 pieces 2 inches x 4 inches x 16 feet. 12 pieces 2 inches x 10 inches x 16 feet. 10 pieces 1 inch x 10 inches x 16 feet. 4 half-inch iron rods, with ring in each end, 5^ feet long. 2 half-inch iron rods, with ring in each end, 4 feet long. 3 pairs of heavy hinges. 158 Derriclc. 2 1 6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 pieces 6 inches x 6 inches x 20 feet, piece 6 inches x 6 inches x 10 feet, pieces 4 inches x 4 inches x 12 feet. Fig. 1.— Derrick. Sixteen ft. higti above ground. Derricli posts 4 ft. in ground, 6 by 6 by 20 ft long. Braces 4 by 4 by 10 ft. Jong ; 2 double-leaf 6 in. blocks at top of derrick, and 1-leaf 5-in. pulley at bottom of derrick ; 100 ft. of 1-in. rope. Drip Chute. 10 pieces 2 inches x 6 inches x 14 feet. 4 pieces 2 inches x 12 inches x 14 feet. 4 pieces 4 inches x 4 inches x 16 feet. 1 pair heavy hinges. 1 gallon tar. Holding pen. 32 cedar or oak posts. 200 pounds wire. 5 pounds staples. liardwa/i-e and incidentals. 100 pounds 20-penny spikes. 20 pounds 40-penny spikes. 2 6-inch double-leaf blocks. 1 5-inch single-leaf block. 100 feet 1-inch rope. 25 feet IJ-inch iron pij>e. 1 galvanizfed-iron heating tank (5 ban'els capacity). 4 oil barrels. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 ADVANTAGES OF THE DIPPING PLANT. A plant of this capacity will answer very well in a community where various owners have bunches of cattle ranging from 80 to 100 head or less. Among its chief advantages over the swimming tank are cheapness in construction, bscause of its size, and proportionately smaller expense in operating; the dip can be kept at the re- Fig. 2.— Vat. Tank 10 ft. deep, 4 ft. wide, 9 ft. in ground. Should contain from oh to 6 ft. of dip. Standards 4 by 4 by 16 ft. long, bolted to tank inside, to extend 6 ft. inside of tank, to act as guides to cage; 2 by 6 in. plank 6 ft. long nailed outside of standards; 2 by 4 or 2 by 6 in. braces across top of standards. The tank should be built of 2-in. plank and joined with a tongue, the ends of the tank mortised in, the joints coated with lead. The braces are 4 by 4. The tank, being placed in the ground and packed solid, does not require much brajcing. The tank should be laid in cement bottom, wi th stone and mortar about sides . quired temperature with facility, because of its lesser volume, and the submerging of the animals, as well as the length of time it is desired to keep them in the dip, can be more easily regulated. In communities where mange does not exist, and where numbers of small herds are infested with lice, a plant of this character might be constructed and used with profit to the cattlemen. Many of the cattle were dipped during the past year because of having been expused to mange, or scabies, by being herded with those 160 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 affected, showed mucli improvement in condition soon after dipping, as they were in- fested with lice to a considerable extent, although showing no distinct evidence of Fig. 3. frllKXi -Cage. Eight ft. long, 8 ft. high, 2i ft. wide — inside measurement ; 2-in. plank used for outside, boarded up and down inside with 1-in. boards to keep animals from climb- ing up sides. Plank 2 in. apart. Inside boards 2 in. apart, and 1-in. cracks in floor to allow free escape of dip fluid. Fig. 4. — Drip shute. Fourteen ft. long ; 2 by 6-in. plank ; 5 ft. high. Set with IS-in. slope from front to rear. Trough at rear to catch drip, from which a pipe may be run to con- nect with tank to carry drip from drip chute back into tank. Floor of drip chute should be tight to prevent waste. being affected with mange. It was observed that the lousy and mangy cattle stopped rubbing or digging after the first dip, and improved rapidly after being relieved of the torture that is inflicted by both of these troublesome parasites — scab mites and lice. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 SPECIFICATIONS FOR LARGE DIPPIXG PLANT WITH SWIMMING TANK. The following- plans and specifications are for the construction of such a dipping plant as that of the Rice Lake Cattle Company, and are in accordance with the draw- ings made for that company after the following specifications, made by A. Van Horn: Fig. 5.— Sand glass. For timing tlie animals in the dip. Is made of two ordinary ketchup bottles, connected by a hollow wooden cork, placed in a box. and the box hung on a pin through the centre to revolve, as shown in the illustration. L.^BOUR REQUIRED. Excavations. — Excavate for the vat. as shown by the drawings, to the proper depth; level the bottom of the pit for the sills of the vat. After the vat is completed and the outside has been coated with coal tar, fill in around the vat, using the surplus earth to bank up and grade the sides of the vat above the natural grade, sloping the banks from the vat. Dig all holes required for the gate and fence posts. Carpenter Worl\ — All work must be done in a skilful and workmanlike manner; the framework of the vat to be bolted and spiked together; the plank of sides, ends, and bottom of the vat and dripping floor to have edges bevelled for the calking as per detail, well driven together and well spiked with 20d. wire nails, using 4:0d. nails on the 3-inch plank. Calk all seams with oakum, well driven in with a calking iron and pitched. The exit, or inclined end. of the vat to have 3-inch bottom plank; all other plank of the vat and dripping floor to be 2 inches thick. Top of vat to be tied with 4 x -i-inch ties across top, framed and bolted to uprights as shown. Put 2 X 12-inch splashboards, on sides at top of vat. nailed to under side of the tie tim- bers and braced. The exit end of vat and dripping floor to be cleated with li x 3 inch strips, well nailed to floor and bottom. Construct the trap at entrance — .30 x 84 15—11 162 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 inches— of 2-incli plank, with 2 x 10-inch battens bolted together, top to be covered with 14-g'ange sheet steel. Trap to swing on a 2-inch wronght-iron pipe or 2-inch r Fig. 6 Steer emerging from dipping vat, or swimming tank, of large plant. steel bar seated in the end of vat, with J x 4 x 12-inch iron sockets bolted to vat. Secure the trap to the axle M'ith iron straps bolted to underside of the centre battens. End of vat to have false back as shown. .-♦.■'•«■ •-*...'» '■■i^ I Fig. 7. — Plan of dipping plant, viewed from above. Fig. 8. — Vertical section of dipping yat. with older-style automatic trap on pivot. It will be seen that the incline at the bottom of the trap end of the vat is in a perpendicular line with the free end of the trap; where the spring trap is used, the length of the incline should be increased in order that at the bottom of the vat it may still be in line perpendicularly with the end of the trap when set; otherwise cattle are liable to get back under the trap, causing trouble. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Gates and fence. — Construct and orect the gates and fences as per drawings. The gate ix)st to be set 4 feet in the gronnd and the fence posts 3 feet 6 inches. Set all Fig. 9. — Side view of dipping vat, showing inclined egress and dripping floor. posts plnmb and to a line; well and thoroughly tamp the earth around the posts. . The bottom of all posts to be coated, with coal tar before being set. Gate posts to be Fig. 10. — Swimming tank with incline and drip chute, looking from above. 8x8 inches, with 6 x 8-inch tie framed and driftbolted to the posts. Fence posts to be 6 X 6 inches. The gates to be bolted and spiked together and braced as shown. ^^ Fig. 11. — Vertical section of swimming vat, showing end of trap. Fig. 12. — Plank showing bevelled edge for calking. To be hung with i x 3 x 36-inch strap eye-and-bolt hinges. Bolt to run through posts and hinges bolted to gates. Gates to have -J- x 3 x 16-inch iron hasp bolted to gates and a suitable bolt staple, with iron pin and chain for locking. 15— Hi 164 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Fence. — The fences to be five-railed, with cap, ribbon fence. Rails, or ribbons, to be of 2 X 6 inches, with 2 x 8-inch cap, spiked at each bearing with two 40d. wire nails. Posts to be set 8 feet on centres, or nearer, where distance may require. A^:^ Fig. 13. — Sill and upright, showing method of joining. Fig. 14. — Vertical section of an older style of automatic trap, showing 2-in. iron pipe upon which trap is pivoted. Lumber. — All lumber to be No. 1 pine or fir dimension, free from shakes, bark, large pitch pockets, unsound knots, or other imperfections that materially impair its strength, durability, and use for which it is intended. Drainage. — The vat to have a 2-ineh waste pipe fitted in the bottom with gate valve and elbow, and 20 feet of pipe to run horizontally under ground, with a fall of 2 feet on 16 feet. At this point the owner will take up the drainage without cost to the contractor, and continue the same to a suit- able point either by pipe or open ditch. Dimensions of Vat. — Perpendi- cular depth of vat to be 10 feet; width at top, 7 feet; width at bottom, 2 feet; length of level bottom, 24 feet; horizontal length of sloping bottom, 15 feet; width of dripping floor at upper end, 12 feet; at lower end, 5 feet. Figure 15. — Spring trap set. Figure 16. — Spring trap sprung. This trap is hung on an iron rod or on a 2-in. iron pipe; weights are attached at the free end to pull it back in place; it then sets automatically. Floors of Pens. — Should the owner decide to floor the catch pen and holding pen No. 1,- the floor will be of 2-inch plank nailed to 4 x 4-inch joists or sleepers let into the ground and levelled. The sleeper to receive one coat of coal tar before being laid. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Vat and dripping floors. Planks for sides, ends LUMBER BILL. 1,080 feet = 30 pes. 2" x 12" x IS' No. 1 pine or fir. False back and bottom Sills, uprights, and ties Splash boards. Cleats Trap. 576 64 96 240 72 24 37 64 32 27 64 336 96 21 19 160 54 23 30 24 2 2 or 3 5 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 21 4 1 1 4 9 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 12 12 12 12 12 4 4 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 4 12 3 10 10 12 16 24 le 16 12 18 14 16 12 10 16 12 18 16 14 20 16 14 18 Total 3.115 feet. Gates. Posts.. .. Tie beams. Ribbons . . Braces. . . . Battens or rails / 896 feet = 14 pes. 8" x 8'' x 12' Xo. 1 pine or fir. Total. 448 8 6 8 14 480 40 2 6 12 144 8 2 6 18 f 96 6 2 6 12 ( 128 4 4 6 16 2.192 feet. Fence. Posts 2,010 feet = 67 pes. 6" x 6" x 10' No. 1 pine or fir. Ribbons. Caps. - 240 20 2 6 12 140 10 2 6 14 1,760 110 2 6 16 450 26 2 6 IS 64 4 2 8 12 32 2 2 8 14 469 22 2 8 16 . 120 6 2 8 18 Tdtal 5.285 feet. Note. — Oak or cedar posts are to be preferreu. if round cedar posts are used, substitute 10-inch round posts for the 8 x 8-inch and 8-inch round posts for the 6 x 6-inch posts as above. ^or catch pen. — There should be a plank floor in the catch and holding pen No. 1, but if only a limited number of cattle are to be dipped this may be omitted. 166 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 If it is dfcided to floor these pens the following material should be added to the foregoing lumber bill: — f 240 feet = 15 pes. 4" x ¥' x 12' No. 1 pine or fir. ■r. . -,,. ^^ -, I 850 feet 2" pine or fir plank, 12" x 18'. For holding ix^n ^ 0. 1 ^ ^^^ ^ ^^^ _ ^g p^^_ ^,, ^ ^„ ^ ^^^ Is^o. 1 pine or fir. 060 feet 2" plank 16'. Total 2,290 feet of additional lumber. Cottonwood lumber may be used \vhere the market price of same would make it practical. SCHEDULE OF HAEDWAEE, &c. Vat and dripping floor. 42 carriage bolts, i" x 6", with washers. 40 carriage bolts, ^" x 8", with washers. 18 carriage bolts, 4" x 4", with washers. 40 lbs. 20d. common wire steel nails. 10 lbs. 30d. common wire steel nails. 15 lbs. 50d. common wire steel nails. 1 sheet ^o. 14 sheet steel 30" x 84", with 1 gros.s 1" l^o. 10 screws. 20 lbs. oakum. 40 lbs. pitch. 10 gals, coal tar. 5 feet 2" pipe or steel bar. for trap. 21 feet 2" wrought-iron pipe, with couplings. 1 elbow, 2". 1 flange for securing pipe to bottom of tank. 2". 1 gate valve, 2". Gate and fence. 8 pairs eye-and-bolt hinges, heavy, I" x 3" x 36". 8 hasps, i" X 16" x 3", with bolt staple, for 8" posts. 48 bolts, 4" X 3". 20 bolts, I" X W. 68 bolts, 4" X 6". 160 bolts, I" X 4". 32 driftbolts, 4" x 12". 20 lbs. 30d. common wire nails. 65 lbs. 40d. common wire nails. 16 gals, coal tar. Note. — If catch and holding pen No. 1 is to be floored, add to the above 30 lbs. of 30d. wire nails and 5 gallons coal tar. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 PRIVY COUNCIL, CANADA. AT THE GOVERXMEXT HOUSE AT OTTAWA, The 2Tth day of June, 1904. Present : THE GOVERNOR GENERAL IN COUNCIL. Whereas by an Order in Council of the 4th day of March, 1904, regulations were established for the purpose of eradicating a disease in live stock in the Northwest Territories known as mange; And whereas the Veterinary Director General reports that he deenis it advisable that renewed active measures be taken with a view to preventing the possibility of the spread of this disease in other parts of the Dominion ; Therefore the Governor General in Council is pleased, in virtue of the provisions of section 29, of the Act 3, Edward VII, chapter 11, intituled ' An Act respecting Contagious or Infectioios Diseases affecting Animals,' to order that the regulations established by the Order in Council of the 4th day of March, 1904, relating to mange in live stock in the Northwest Territories, shall be and the same are hereby rescinded, and the following regulations governing the whole Dominion substituted therefor : — 1. Every owner, breeder or importer of or dealer in animals, shall on perceiving the appearance of mange among the animals owned by him or under his special care, give immediate notice to the Minister of Agriculture and to the nearest Veterinary Inspector of the Department of Agriculture of the facts discovered by him as afore- said. 2. Every veterinary surgeon practising in Canada shall immediately on ascertain- ing that an animal is affected with mange give similar notice to the Minister and to the nearest veterinary inspector. 3. In the Northwest Territories the notice required to be given by the two preceding sections of these regulations shall be deemed sujficient if given to the commissioner, r;ssistant commissioner, or other officer of the Northwest mounted police force, or to one of the veterinary staff sergeants of the said force. 4. Every person having in his possession or keeping an animal affected with mange, shall forthwith cause such animal to be treated in a manner satisfactory to the nearest veterinary inspector or other duly authorized person. 5. No animal which is affected with or has been exposed to mange shall be per- mitted to run at large or to come in contact with any animal which is not so affected. 6. Any veterinary inspector or other duly authorized i)erson may declare to be an infected place within the meaning of ' The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903,' any common, field, stable, cowshed, or other place or premises, also any market, railway yard, stockyard, pen, wharf, railway car or other vehicle where the contagion of mange is known or suspected to exist. Y. Every veterinary inspector and every person duly authorized by a veterinary inspector shall have full power to order animals affected or suspected of being affected with mange to be collected for inspection, and when necessary, to be detained, isolated or treated in accordance with the instructions of the Veterinary Director General. 8. The expenses of and incidental to such collection, isolation and treatment shall be borne by the owners of the animals and if advanced by the inspector or other 168 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 authorized person shall, until paid, be a charge upon the said animals without preju- dice, however, to the recovery of any iienalty for the infringement of these regula- tions. 9. If such expenses are not paid within twenty days of the time when they have been incurred the inspector or other duly authorized person may proceed to sell the said animals by public auction after giving to the owner ten days notice in writing of such intention to sell, which notice may be effectually given, where the owner is known, by delivering the same to him personally or by sending it by mail addressed to him at his last known place of residence. Where the owner is unknown such notice may be effectually given by publication in one issue of a newspaper published or circulating in the district where such animals are detained. The proceeds of such sale shall be applied first in j^ayment of the reasonable expenses of the collection, isolation, treatment, giving of notice and conduct of sale and the balance, if any, shall be paid to the owner of said animals on demand. Any balance not so paid shall be remitted to the Minister, and if not claimed within twelve months from the date of sale shall be paid to the credit of the Receiver General. 10. No animal shall be removed out of an infected place without a license signed by an inspector or other duly authorized person. 11. Every yard, stable, otithouse or other place or premises and every wagon, cart, carriage, car or other vehicle, and every vessel and every utensil or other thing infected with mange shall be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected by and at the expense of the owner or occupier in a manner satisfactory to a veterinary inspector or other duly authorized person. 12. The Veterinary Director General may from time to time order the slaughter or other disposition of animals which are affected with or have been exposed to mange. 13. Every person who violates any provision of these regulations and every person who refuses or neglects to carry out any order of an inspector or other duly authorized person shall, for every such offence, incur a penalty not exceeding two hundred dollars. JOHX J. McG_EE, Clerk of the Privy Council. DOMINION OF CANADA. Ordkr of the Minister of Agriculture relating to Mange. Under and by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Animal Contagions Diseases Act, 1903 — (1.) I do hereby declare that the disease of mange exists among horses through- out that iwrtion of the territories of Assiniboia and Alberta which is bounded and described as follows : — Commencing at the source of the Red Deer river, in Alberta, thence following the centre line of the stream of the said river and the various windings thereof to a point where the said line intersects the fourth meridian, thence along the line of the fourth meridian southerly to the intersection thereof w'ith the International boundary be- tween Canada and the United States, thence westerly along the International bound- ary line to a point where the same intersects the western boundary of Alberta, thence northerly and along the western boundary of Alberta to a point therein due west of the point of beginning thence in a straight line to the source of the Red Deer river and the point of beginning. - - HEALTH OF AXIMALS 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 (2.) I do hereby further declare that all horses which are now or shall hereafter come within the limits of the said tract shall be considered to have been exposed to the contagion of mange, and the said tract is declared to be an infected place within the meaning of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903. (3.) And I do hereby order as follows: No horse, except as hereinafter provided shall be removed or allowed to more out of the said tract unless and until it has been examined by a veterinary inspector of the department and certified to be free from the contagion of mange. (4.) All horses which are intended to be removed or to be allowed to move out of the hereinbefore described tract except as hereinafter provided, shall be inspected, and if necessary, detained, dipped, sprayed or otherwise treated at such point or points as the Veterinary Director General may designate and shall be accompanied by the certi- ficate of an inspector stating that they are free from the contagion of mange. (5.) Wherever mange is discovered among a band of horses intended to be moved out of the said tract, the affected animals shall be separated from those not visibly affected and shall be detained, segregated and treated to the satisfaction of the inspec- tor until cured and free from the contagion of mange. Those not visibly affected with mange shall be dipped or otherwise treated to the satisfaction of the inspector, before being allowed to proceed to their destination. (6.) No railway company shall accept or load any shipment of horses at any point within the said tract unless such shipment is accompanied by the certificate of an inspector as aforesaid. (7.) At whatever point horses originating in the said tract are unloaded they must be placed in sx)ecial yards, and such yards shall be cleansed and disinfected immediately after having been occupied by such horses. (8.) All cars and other vehicles and the chutes, alleyways, pens, yards and corrals used during transportation of such horses and at points of destination shall be cleansed and disinfected to the satisfaction of an inspector. (9.) All way bills and bills of lading accompanying shipments of horses originat- ing within the said tract shall have plainly written or stamped across the face thereof, a notification that the said cars are to be cleansed and disinfected immediately after being unloaded. (10.) The transit of horses through the said tract is hereby permitted subject to the following regulations : — Horses for transit by rail through the said tract from one part of Canada to another shall at points where unloading is necessary be placed in yards reserved for their exclusive use, and shall not be permitted to come in contact with horses, which have originated within the said tract. (11.) Horses imported from the United States into the said tract destined for points in Canada outside thereof may upon compliance with the quarantine regula- tions and with the provisions of the next preceding section hereof, be permitted to pass without unnecessary delay through the said tract direct to their destination, without further restrictions. All persons engaged in breeding, importing, dealing in, driving or shipping horses, and all transportation companies, are requested to co-operate with this depart- ment in enforcing the provisions of this order. GEO. F. O'HALLOEAN, Deputy Minister of Agriculture. Dated at Ottawa. June 21, 1904. 170 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 DOMINION OF CANADA. Order of the Minister of Agriculture relating to Cattle Mange. Whereas the disease of mange exists among cattle throughout those portions of the territories of Assiniboia and Alberta which may be described as bounded by the International boundary, the Rocky Mountains and a line drawn as follows: — The line between townships 32 and 33 from the Rocky Moimtains as far east as the line of the Calgary and Edmonton Railway, thence north-easterly along the said line of railway to its intersection with the line between townships 36 and 37, thence east along that line to the line between ranges 24 and 25 west of the 4th principal meridian, thence north along that line to the line between townships 38 and 39, thence east along that line to the 4th principal meridian, thence south along the 4th prin- cipal meridian to the line between townships 28 and 29, thence east along that line to the line between ranges 7 and 8 west of the 3rd principal meridian, thence south along that line to the line between townships 10^ and 11, thence east along that line to the line between ranges 20 and 21 west of the 2nd principal meridian, thence south along that line to the International boundary line. Therefore under and by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Animal Conta- gious Diseases Act, 1903, I do hereby declare the said tract to be an infected place. And whereas it is of the greatest importance to the interests of stock-owners and to the preservation of a profitable market for western cattle that immediate steps should be taken with a view to the eradication of the disease in question, and the pre- vention of its spread throughout Canada. And whereas it is deemed necessary for the purpose aforesaid to supplement the provisions of the Order in Council dated June 27, 1904, whereby it is in part provided as follows: — ' Every veterinary inspector, and every i^erson duly authorized by a veterinary inspector shall have full power to order animals affected or suspected of being affected with mange to be collected for inspection, and when necessary, to be detained, isolated or treated in accordance with the instructions of the Veterinary Director General. ' The expenses of and incidental to such collection, isolation and treatment shall be borne by the owners of the animals and if advanced by the inspector or other authorized person shall, until paid, be a charge upon the said animals, without preju- dice, however, to the recovery of any i)enalty for the infringement of these regulations. ' If such expenses are not paid within twenty days of the time when they have been incurred, the inspector or other duly authorized person may proceed to sell the said animals by public auction after giving to the owner ten days' notice in writing of such intention to sell, which notice may be effectively given, where the owner is known, by delivering the same to him i)ersonally or by sending it by mail addressed to him at his last known place of residence. Where the owner is unknown, such notice may be effectively given by publication in one issue of a newspajDer published or cir- culating in the district where such animals are detained. The proceeds of such sale shall be applied first to payment of the reasonable expenses of the collection, isolation, treatment, giving of notice and conduct of sale, and tbe balance, if any, shall be paid to the owner of said animals on demand. Any balance not so paid shall be remitted to the Minister, and if not claimed within twelve months from the date of sale shall be paid to the credit of the Receiver General.' And whereas, the nature of the disease and the conditions under which cattle are kept in the above described tract are such that treatment, to be successful must be HEALTH OF ANIMALS 171 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 general and, as nearly as may be, simultaneous, and must include not only cattle actually diseased, but all cattle which may have been, directly or indirectly, exposed to contagion. And whereas, after careful inquiry and due consideration, it has been decided that the period between September 1 and October 31 is the most suitable and con- venient for such treatment: — Therefore I do hereby notify all persons otvning or being in charge of cattle within the above described tract that they must, during the said period, dip or otherwise treat such cattle in a manner satisfactory to the officers of this department. Provided that where it can te clearly shown to the satisfaction of the said officers that the cattle in any well defined area or district within the said tract are not affected with and have not been in any way exposed to the contagion of mange or that they have, during the present season, been treated in a satisfactory manner and subse- quently kept completely isolated from all other cattle, the facts shall be reported to the Veterinary Director General who may exempt such area or district from the operation of this order so far as it applies to treatment. Treatment satisfactory to the department shall comprise either : — (1.) Immersion for not less than two minutes in a solution of lime and sulphur of a strength of not less than 10 pounds of lime and 21 pounds of sulphur to 100 gallons of water prepared according to the directions of the officers of the department. Or (2.) An application by hand of the folld\ving preparation: — Sulphur 2 pounds. Oil of tar 8 ounces. Raw linseed oil 1 gallon. In either case, the tluid used shall be applied at a temperature of not less than 100 nor more than 110 degrees Fahrenheit, and the treatment shall be repeated after an interval of not les^ than ten nor more than fifteen days. The amount charged for the treatment of stray cattle or of cattle whose owners neglect or refuse to comply with this order so far as it refers to treatment, shall in no case exceed twenty-five cents per animal for each dipping or application, provided that where it is necessary to collect such animals and to hold them for the second dipping or application, an additional sum of one dollar per animal may be collected. 2. Xo cattle shall be removed or be allowed to move out of the hereinbefore described tract unless they are accompanied by the certificate of an inspector of this department stating ihey have been examined by him and found free from conta- gion of mange. Any such cattle, however, shall, if deemed advisable by the inspector, be detained, dipped, sprayed or otherwise treated in such a manner a.s the Veterinary Director General may, from time to time, prescribe. 3. Xo railway company shall accept or load any shipment of cattle at any point within the said tract except for immediate slaughter as provided in section 7, unless such shipment is accompanied by the certificate of an inspector as aforesaid. 4. At points where cattle originating in the said tract are unloaded they shall he placed in special yards, and such yard.s shall be used for no other purpose and shall be cleaused and disinfected when so ordered by an inspector. 5. All cars and other vehicles used for the cai'ri age of such cattle shall be cleansed and disinfected to the satisfaction of ?n inspector as soon as possible, after being unloaded and before being used for any other shipment. 6. All way bills and bills of lading accompanying shipments of cattle originating within the said tract shall have plainly written or stamped across the face thereof a notification that the said cars are to te cleansed and disinfected immediately after being unloaded. 7. Cattle affected with or which have been exposed to the contagion of mange may be shipped for immediate slaughter to points within the above described tract under the following conditions : — 172 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 (1.) They shall be loaded from special yards and chutes reserved exclusively for such shipments; shall not be allowed to come in contact with other animals; shall be consigned direct only to such slaughter houses Vithin the hereinbefore described tract as are provided with private yards and chutes; shall not be unloaded at any point en route and shall under no pretext whatever be removed alive from the slaughter house or the yards and premises immediately connected therewith. (2.) Cars conveying such cattle shall be cleansed and disinfected to the satisfac- tion of an inspector immediately after being unloaded. 8. The transit of cattle through the said tract is hereby iiermitted subject to the following regulations : — (1.) Cattle for transit by rail through the said tract from one part of Canada to another shall, at points where unloading is necessary, be placed in yards reserved for their exclusive use, and shall not be permitted to come in contact with cattle which have originated within the said tract. (2.) Cattle imported from the United States into the said tract destined for points in Canada outside thereof may, upon compliance with the quarantine regulations, and with the provisions of the next preceding section thereof, be permitted to pass without unnecessary delay through the said tract direct to their destination without further restrictions. All persons engaged in breeding, exporting, dealing in, driving or shipping cattle and all transportation companies are requested to co-operate with this department in enforcing the provisions of this order. GEO. F. O'HALLOEAN, Deputy Minister of Agriculture. Dated at Ottawa, August 9, 1904, DOMINION OF CANADA. REGULATIONS RELATING TO GLANDERS. By Order in Council dated Septemher 19, WOJf., in Virtue of 'The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903.' 1. Every owner, breeder or importer of or dealer in animals shall on perceiving the appearance of glanders among the horses, mules and asses owned by him or under his special care, give immediate notice to the Minister of Agriculture and to the nearest veterinary inspector of the Department of Agriculture of the facts discovered by him as aforesaid. 2. Every veterinaiy surgeon practising in Canada shall, immediatelj' on ascer- taining or suspecting that an animal is affected with glanders, give similar notice to the Minister and to the nearest veterinary inspector. 3. In the Northwest Territories the notice required to be given by the two preced- ing sections of these regulations shall be deemed sufficient if given to the Commis- sioner, Assistant Commissioner, or other officer of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, or to one of the veterinary staff sergeants of the said force. 4. Horses, mules and asses showing at any time whatever clinical symptoms of glanders, shall on an order signed by a duly appointed inspector of the Department of Agriculture \o forthwilh slarghteied and the carcases disposed of as in such order prescribed. 5. No animal which is affected with or has been exposed to glanders shall be permitted to run at large or to come in contact with any animal which is not so affected. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 6. Any veterinary inspector or other duly avithorized person may declare to he an infected place within the meaning of ' The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, lft03,' any common, field, stable, cowshed, or other place or premises where the contagion of glanders is known or suspected to exist. 7. No horse, mule or ass shall be removed out of an infected place without a license signed by an inspector or other duly authorized x>erson. 8. Veterinary inspectors are hereby authorized to inspect and to subject to the mallein test any horses, mules and asses affected with glanders or suspected of being so affected or which have been in contact with animals so affected or suspected of being so affected, or which have been in any way whatsoever exposed to the contagion or in- fection of the disease of glanders, and for the purpose of making such inspection or test to order any such animals to be collected, detained and isolated, 9. Inspectors are hereby authorized to order the slaughter of horses, mules, and asses which react to the mallein test, but do not show clinical symptoms of glanders and to order the disposition cf the carcases of such animals, and the MinLster of Agriculture is hereby authorized to order compensation to be paid to the owners of such animals at the rate set forth in subsection 2 of section 12 of ' The Animal Con- tagious Diseases Act, 1903,' as amended by chapter 6 of the Statutes of 1904. 10. Inspectors are hereby furtber authorized, should the owners . prefer it, to order that horses, mules and asses which react to the mallein test but do not show cJinical symptoms of glanders, be isolated and subjected to a second and third test with mal- lein, such second and third tests to be made at the expense of the owner, and to be com- pleted within four months of the first test. Provided, however, that any animal which shows clinical symptoms of glanders at any time during the 'period between the first and third tests shall be slaughtered without compensation. 11. Horses, mules and asses reacting to the third test with mallein, shall be forth- with slaughtered on an order signed by an inspector and the carcases disposed of as ordered and the Minister may order compensation at the rate aforesaid to be paid to the owners for any of the said animals which have at no time shown clinical sj'mp- toms of glanders. 12. Inspectors are hereby authorized to permit owners of horses, mules and asses which give no reaction to the third test with mallein, and which have at no time shown any clinical sjmiptoms of glanders, to retain and use such animals subject to the con- ditions contained in the order or notice signed by the inspector. 13. Before ordering compensation to be paid in any of the cases aforesaid the Minister shall require the production of a satisfactory report, order for slaughter, cer- tificate of valuation and slaughter, and certificate of cleansing and disinfection, all signed by an inspector. 14. The certificate of an insjjector to the effect that an animal has reacted to the mallein test or has shown clinical symptoms of glanders shall, for the purposes of the said Act and of this Order, be prima facie evidence in all courts of justice and else- where of the matter certified. 15. Every yard, stable, outhouse or other place or i^remises and every wagon, cart, carriage, car or other vehicle, and every utensil or other thing infected with glanders, shall be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected by and at the expense of the owner or occupier in a manner satisfactory to a veterinary inspector or other duly authorized person. J. G. RUTHERFORD, Veterinary Director General. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. 174 DEPAKTMEXT OF AnRWrLTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII.. A. 1905 CAXADTAN REGULATIOXS EELATING TO AXIMALS^ QTJARAXTINE. OEDER IN COUNCIL CONTAINING EEGULATIONS EELATING TO ANIMALS' QITAEANTINE. AT THE GOVEENMENT HOUSE AT OTTAWA. The 30th day of March, 1904. Present : HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVEENOE GENEEAL IN COUNCIL. Whereas it is deemed desirable and Becessary that the present Cattle Quarantine Eegulation.s should be amended owing to the repealing of Chapter 69 of the Eevised Statutes of Canada, and Chapter 13 of the Statutes of 1896. Therefore, the Governor General in Council, in virtue of the provisions of Chap- ter 11. of 3 Edward YII, intituled ' An Act respecting Infectious or Contagious Dis- eases affecting Animals,' is pleased to order that the Order in Council dated 25th Jan- uary, 1897, establishing regulations relating to Animals' Quarantine and Health of Animals, shall be and the same is hereby rescinded and the annexed regulations sub- stituted therefor. (Signed) JOHN J. Mc?GEE, Clei'Jc of the Privy Council. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture. HEALTH OE ANIMALS BRANCH. QUARANTINE REGULATIONS. Interprpfafioti. See. 1. In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires: — (a) The expression 'the Minister' means the Minister of Agriculture: (b) The expression ' inspection ' means an inspection made by a duly authorized Veterinary Inspector of the Department of Agriculture; (c) The expression ' contagious ' means communicable by close contact or in- oculation ; (d) The expression 'infectious' means communicable in any manner; (e) The expression ' infectious or contagious disease ' includes, in addition to other diseases generally so designated, glanders, farcy, pleuro-pneumonia contagiosa, foot and movith disease, rinderi)est, anthrax, Texas fever, hog cholera, swine plague, mange, scab, rabies, tuberculosis, actinomycosis and variola ovina. Sec. 2. The Veterinary Director General is in charge of the Health of Animals Branch of the Department of Agriculture. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Sec. 3. The following- Customs ports are hereby declared to be Animals" Quar- antine Stations and all animals imported into Canada subject to quarantine must be entered through said Stations, viz.: — Halifax, N.S., St. John, X.B., Charlottetown, P.E.I., Quebec, Sherbrooke and St. Johns, Que., Niagara Falls, Windsor and Sarnia, Ont., Emerson. Man., Xorth Portal, Wood Mountain. Pendant d'Oreille, Coiitts and Cardston. X.W.T., Gateway, Kossland, Nelson, (irand Forks, Vancouvei', and Vic- toria, B.C. Sec. 4. Animals subject to inspection only, but which are not subject to quaran- tine, may enter through the aforesaid and at the following ports: — Pictou, North Sydney and Yarmouth, N.S., St. Stephens, Woodstock and McAdam Junction, X.B., Comin's Mills, Lake Megantic, Coaticook, Stan.stead Junction, Mansonville, Abercorn, St. Armand, Rouse's Point. Athelstan and Dundee, Que., Cornwall, Prescott, Brock- ville, Toronto, Bridgeburg, Sault Ste. Marie and Port Arthur, Ont., Gretna, Morden, Mowbray, Crystal City, Ivillarney, Deloraine, Melita and Winnipeg, Man., Rykerts, Waneta, Midway, Sidley. Siunas, New Westminster, Douglas and Nanaimo, B.C. IMPORTATION. Sec. 5. (a) Persons contemplating the importation of animals from any part of the world, except the United States, must first obtain from the Minister a permit stating the member and kind of animals to be imported, the country of origin and pro- bable date of shipment, the port at which said animals are to be landed and the approximate date of their arrival, and such permit shall not be available at any port other thsn the one mentioned therein. (h) Application for such permits shall be in writing and the statements in such applications may be required to be verified on oath and the Minister shall decide in every case, whether a permit will be granted. (c) Animals from countries other than the United States arriving at any port in Canada without such permit shall not be admitted to Canada unless and \intil or- dered by the Minister. Sec. 6. The importation into Canada of animals from all countries, other than the United States and Mexico, is prohibited except at the ports of Victoria, Vancouver, Quebec, Halifax, St. John, N.B., Charlottetown, P.E.I., and such other ports as may hereafter be indicated by the Minister. Sec. 7. Persons in charge of vessels conveying animals to Canada must, immedi- ately on arrival in port, notify the Superintendent of the Animals' Quarantine Station of the arrival of such vessel and the number and kind of animals on board thereof. Sec. 8. All importers must certify under oath, before making customs entry, the place of origin of the animals imported by them. Sec. 9. All animals arriving in Canada through any of the above mentioned ports on the Canadian sea-board shall be subject to inspection on arrival by inspectors who may, from time to time, be appointed for that purpose. Sec. 10. All inspections of imported animals must be made in daylight. Sec. 11. Inspectors shall have free access to any wharf. A-essel, car, or to any place where animals may be found, and, under authority from the Minister, shall deal with animals, vehicles and other articles in the manner contemplated by the Animal Con- tagious Diseases Act, 1903. Sec. 12. Inspectors shall visit the vessels or ears conveying animals into the said ports, and after inspecting such animals and finding them free from disease, shajl superintend their landing or unloading, order them to be placed and disposed of accord- ing to the requirements of the case, and see that those to be quarantined are conveyed to the proper quarantine station. Inspectors shall also superintend the landing, un- loading and disposal of fodder, litter, blankets, troughs and other articles which may have been used bv or for the said animals. 176 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Sec. 13. Inspectors may, if they deem it necessary, order the cleansing and puri- fying of any vessel, place, vehicle, building or article, and direct such precautionary measures to be taken as they may consider advisable pending the decision of the Minister as to the ultimate disposal of such vessel, place, vehicle, building or article. CATTLE. Sec. 11. (a) A quarantine of sixty days shall be enforced upon all cattle imported from Great Britain, Ireland or the Channel Islands. A quarantine of ninety days shall be enforced upon all cattle imported from all other countries except the United States and Mexico. (i) The period of quarantine enforced upon cattle shall be covmted from the date of clearance of the vessel carrying the same. Sec. 15. All importers or their agents, before embarking animals, other than horses, for Canada, must obtain a certificate from a properly constituted authority that the place from which such animals come is free from pleuro-pneumonia contag- iosa, rinderpest or foot and mouth disease. OTHER ru:mixaxts. Sec. 16. A quarantine of fifteen days to be reckoned from the day of landing, shall be enforced upon all sheep and goats imj^rted from countries other than the United States. Sec. 17. A quarantine of fifteen days to be reckoned from the day of landing, shall be enforced upon all .swine imported, except from the United States, for immediate slaughter. Sec. IS. The minister nmy prohibit the importation of animals, other than horses, from any country or any district therein where he has reason to believe that pleuro- pneumonia contrgicsa, rinderpest or foot and mouth disease exist. HORSES. Sec. 19. Horses imported from countries other than the United States, consigned to Montreal, must be, if the ^linister so directs, inspected at the port of Quebec dui'ing summer navigation; in absence of special direction of the Minister, they may be in- spected at the port of Montreal. Horses landing at any of the other ports named shall be inspected at such ports. Sec. 20. Horses imported from countries other than the United States must be accompanied by the certificate of a qualified veterinarian and of the local authority of the district whence they came that no glanders. ' maladie du coit,' or other serious infectious or contagious disease has existed in said district for a period of six months prior to their shipment. Sec. 21. Importers of horses will be required to certify under oath that the certifi- cate produced applies to the hoise or horses Vhich it purports to describe and to no other, and that the district named is the actual one from which said horse or horses came. Any attempt at evasion or misrepresentation will be deemed a breach of these regulations and in addition will render the shipment liable to seizure and detention pending the orders of the ]\rinister as to its disposal. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 177 SESSIONAL PAPER No, 15 REGULATIONS OF QUARANTmE. Sec. 22. Quarantine stations shall be under the care and subject to the orders of the officers appointed for that purpose hereinafter referred to as superintendents, who shall have the general superintendence and control of the servants or other per- sons, and of all other matters connected therewith. Sec. 23. Animals in any quarantine station shall be treated and dealt with under the direction of the superintendent of said station,»and all articles used for, about or in connection with the said animals shall be in like manner subject to his direction and supervision. Sec. 24. Cattle six months old or over imported from countries other than the United States and Mexico shall not be discharged from quarantine until they have been submitted to the tuberculin test by the superintendent of the quarantine or other duly authorized officer. Sec. 25. Cattle reacting to the tuberculin test, but not showing clinical symptoms, shall be permanently marked in the right ear with the letter ' T ' by the officer mak- ing the test, and may then be released at the expiry of the prescribed period of quar- antine if found free from all other infectious or contagious diseases. Sec. 26. Cattle showing clinical symptoms of tuberculosis shall be destroyed or otherwise disposed of as the Minister may direct. Sec. 2Y. The Minister or the Veterinary Director General may authorize the de- struction of any quarantined animals or all or any portion of the articles used in the care of the said animals, and such destruction shall take place under the supervision of the superintendent, and in the manner prescribed by him. Sec. 28. The expense of feeding, treating and providing for animals detained in quarantine, with the exception of those for the use of grounds and shelters, shall be borne by the owner or importer, and such expenses shall be paid before the animals are permitted to leave the quarantine, and in default of such payment within fourteen days after the expiration of the period of quarantine, the Superintendent may, on fourteen days' notice in writing, delivered or sent by mail to the owner or importer, cause the said animals to be sold to meet the said expenses, together with the expenses of and incidental to the sale of the said animals, the balance, if any to be handed over to the owner. Sec. 29. No animal under quarantine shall be allowed to come in contact with any Canadian animal until duly discharged from quarantine. Sec. 30. No animal under quarantine shall be removed from a quarantine station until duly discharge! therefrom by the superintendent or other duly authorized officers. Sec. 31. Any person removing or attempting to remove any animal from a quar- antine station without the authority of the Superintendent, or other duly authorized officer, shall incur a penalty not exceeding $200 for every such oSence, IMPOETATION OF ANIMALS TEOM THE UNITED STATES. Sec. 32. All animals imported into the Dominion of Canada from the United States must be accompanied by a statutory declaration or affidavit made by the owner or importer stating clearly the purpose for which said animals are imported, viz : — whether for breeding purposes, for milk production, for work, for grazing, feeding or slaughter, or whether they form part of settlers' effects, or whether they are entered for temporary stay, as provided by these regulations. Sec. 33. Said declaration or affidavit must be presented to the Collector of Cus- toms at the port of entry, who will decide whether the animals are entitled to entry under these regulations, and who will notify the Veterinary Inspector of the Depart- ment of Agriculture in all classes where the regulations require an inspection to be made. 15—12 178 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 HOKSES, MULES AND ASSES. Sec. 34. Unless otherwise ordered by the Minister, horses, mules and asses may be admitted at any Customs port. Sec. 35. The Minister may from time to time, order that any horses, mules or asses may be admitted at such points only as the order may designate and subject to such regulations as to inspection, detention, quarantine, submission to the mallein test, dip- ping or other treatment as the ofder may provide. Sec. 36. Horses, mules and asses found to be diseased may be returned to the United States or otherwise dealt with as the Veterinary Director General may order. CATTLE. Sec. 37. All cattle shall be inspected and should, when possible, be accompanied by a certificate signed by a veterinarian of the United States Bureau of Animal In- dustry or by a State Veterinarian, stating that no contagious disease of cattle (except- ing tuberculosis and actinomycosis) has existed in the district whence they have come, during the period of six months immediately preceding the date of their removal therefrom. Sec. 38, Any cattle may be detained, isolated, submitted to the tuberculin test, dipped or otherwise treated, if so ordered by the Minister, or, in default of such order, where the inspector has reason to believe or suspect that animals are affected with or have been exposed to contagious or infectious disease. Sec. 39. Cattle found to be diseased may be returned to the United States or otherwise dealt with as the Veterinary Director General may order. Sec. 40. Cattle for breeding purposes and milk production six months old or over, if unaccompanied by a satisfactory tuberculin test chart signed by a veterinarian of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, must be detained in quarantine for one week or such further period as may be deemed necessary and subjected to the tuber- culin test ; cattle reacting thereto must be returned to the United States or slaugh- tered without compensation. Sec. 41. Importers may be required to furnish a statutoiy declaration that the chart produced applies to the cattle it purports to describe and no other. SHEEP. Sec. 42. All sheep shall be inspected, and should, when possible, be accompanied by a certificate signed by a veterinarian of the United State Bureau of Animal Indus- try, or by a state veterinarian, stating that no contagious disease of sheep has existed in the district whence they have come, during the period of six months immediately pre- ceding the date of their removal therefrom. Sec. 43. Any sheep may be detained, isolated, dipped or otherwise treated, if so ordered by the Minister, or, in default of such order, where the inspector has reason to believe or suspect that the animals are affected with or have been exposed to con- tagious or infectious diseases. Sec. 44. Sheep foimd to be diseased may be returned to the United States or other- wise dealt with as the Veterinary Director General may order. The above regulations, sections 42 to 44 are also applicable to goats. SWINE. Sec. 45. All swine shall be inspected and on and after May 1, 1904, a quarantine of fifteen days shall be enforced upon all swine except those imported for immediate slaughter. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No, 15 Sec. 46. All swine imported into Canada, except for slaughter, must be accompanied by a certificate signed by a veterinarian of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, or by a duly authorized state veterinarian, stating that neither swine plague nor hog cholera has existed within a radius of five miles of the premises in which they have been kept for six months immediately preceding the date of shipment. Sec. 47. Swine imported for slaughter must be consigned direct to a bonding warehouse, a slaughter house or packing house, must not be removed therefrom alive, and must be slaughtered within ten days after their arrival in Canada. Sec. 48. Swine found to be suffering from contagious disease will be subject to slaughter without compensation. Sec. 49. Live swine imported for slaughter and swine carcasses introduced for cur- ing and packing shall not be permitted to come in contact with Canadian animals. Sec. 50. The cars, trucks and other vehicles employed in such traffic shall not be used for the transport of Canadian animals but shall be immediately sealed and returned to the United States. Sec. 51. The bonding places and warehouses used for such swine are hereby de- clared to be infected places, subject to such regulations as the Minister may see fit to adopt for the purpose of preventing the introduction of disease among the live stock of the country. Sec. 52. The transport of the swine imported for slaughter and of the carcasses imported to be cured and packed, the disposal of all offal, manure and debris and every proceeding in relation to the said traffic shall be subject to inspection and regulation in accordance with the meaning of ' this Order ' under the direction of the Minister. AmMALS FOE EXHIBITION". Sec. 53. Animals other than swine may be admitted for purposes of exhibition only, on inspection at port of entry, subject to the usual customs regulations. IMPOETATION OF ANIMALS FKOM MEXICO. Sec. 54. Any person contemplating the importation of animals from Mexico must, in addition to all other requirements of this order, first obtain from the Minister a permit stating the number and kind of animals to be imported, the district and state in Mexico whence they are to be shipped and the probable date of their arrival at the Canadian port of entry. The person applying for such permit shall furnish satis- factory proof of the facts hereinbefore set forth. ANIMALS IN BOND. Sec. 55. Animals passing in bond through United States territory for importa- tion to Canada must be accompanied by a certificate of health signed by a veterinarian of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry and by an affidavit from the owner or importer that the said certificate refers to the animals in question. Such animals shall nevertheless be subject to inspection and if necessary, to detention before being permitted to enter Canadian territory. If found diseased such animals are to be subject to and dealt with according to the orders of the inspecting officer under instructions from the Veterinary Director General. The expense of treatment, should such be deemed advisable, must be borne by the owner or importer of the animals treated. Sec. 56. Animals may be admitted from any part of the United States into Canada for transit to any other part of the United States in bond, and (with the ex- ception of swine) will be admitted to Canada in bond for transit to any Canadian 15— 12i 180 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 port for exportation by sea to Europe or elsewhere. Such animals are to be subject to inspection at the Canadian port of shipment. Sec. 57. The transit of such animals shall be subject to such regulations as the minister shall, from time to time, prescribe. EXPOETATIOK Sec. 58. Canadian animals for transit to any shipping port of the United States for export by sea to Europe or elsewhere must be inspected at such places in Canada as the minister may, from time to time, designate ; must not be shipped from the place of inspection until they have been certified by a duly authorized veterinary inspector to be free from infectious and contagious disease and otherwise fit for export, and must not be permitted by collectors of customs to leave Canada unless accom- panied by such certificate. kSec. 59. Animals for exportation by sea should, if possible, reach the port of ex- portation not less than twelve hours before shipment for rest and inspection. Animals failing to do so shall be liable to detention in the discretion of the inspector. Sec. 60. Inspectors shall at all times have full power to detain animals for such time as they consider sufficient to enable them to make a thorough and satisfactory inspection and to ascertain that all the provisions of these regulations relating thereto have been duly observed and complied with. Sec. 61. Owners or persons in charge of animals for exportation shall give twenty- four hours notice, addressed to the inspector at his office, stating the number and kind of such animals and the expected time of their arrival at the port of export- ation. Sec. 62. No animals shall be permitted to be placed on board any steamship or other vessel for exportation at any Canadian port until they have been inspected and approved by a duly authorized veterinary inspector at such port, and certified by him to be free from contagious disease and in every way fit for export ; such inspection to be made within twenty-four hours of embarkation. Sec. 63. Inspectors shall, in the performance of their duties, have free access to any ship, car or other vehicle and to any yard, stable or place where animals may be found. Sec. 64. All inspections for export must be made in daylight. Sec. 65. Owners or shippers of stock during the progress of inspection at any port of exportation shall, with the means at their disposal, give every required assistance to the inspector at such port, and move the animals according to his directions. In case the owner or shipper refuses or neglects to furnish the necessary assisstance, the inspector may employ men at the cost of the owner or shipper, and such cost shall be paid to the inspector before a clean bill of health is given. See. 66. Inspectors will mark each animal inspected by them and no animals shall be embarked without such mark. A certificate of inspection stating the name of the owner, the number, sex and class of animals in the consignment and certifying to their freedom from contagious disease, will be furnished by the inspector and must be pro- duced to the collector of customs before embarkation. Sec. 67. Such animals as may be found to have been exposed to contagious or infectious disease, or to be affected with contagious or infectious disease, shall be detained and dealt with according to the orders of the inspecting officer under instruc- tions from the Veterinary Director General. Sec. 68. Inspectors may reject animals for any reasonable cause. Sec. 69. The Collector of Customs of any port in Canada whence animals are ex- ported shall not give a clearance to any ship having animals on beard for exportation without having produced to him a certificate, signed by the inspector, to the effect that the regulations relating thereto as hereinbefore set forth have been duly obsei-ved and complied with. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 INFECTED VESSELS. Sec. 70. Vessels which have carried cattle, sheep or other ruminants, among any of which ' Foot and Mouth Disease ' shall have been found, shall be prohibited, for a period of sixty days thereafter, from loading cattle, sheep or other niminants or swine, in any Canadian port ; and, further, until such vessels shall have been thoroughly cleansed and disinfected, under the supervision of an inspector or other duly autho- ized officer, HEAD-EOPES. Sec. 71. The importation of head-ropes which have been used for tying up cattle is prohibited, and all vessels carrying or having on board such head-ropes in contra- vention of this regulation shall be liable to be declared to be infected under ' The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903.' CUSTOMS OFFICEES. Sec. 72. Collectors of Customs throughout Canada shall see that the various exi- g-encies and requirements of the present order are fulfilled before granting any permit which requires, before it is given, any act to be performed, or any inspection or other procceeding to be made or taken, and they shall see that the prohibitions prescribed and rules established by this order as hereinbefore mentioned, and the instructions which may be issued by the Minister are obeyed, and in case of any infraction of the provisions of the present order, or any of them, taking place, they shall report at once to the Minister the nature and extent of such infraction. GENEEAL PEOVISIONS. Sec. 73. To provide against the possibility of diseased animals being carried from place to place, through Canadian Territory, or conveyed to and shipped from ports, it is ordered as follows : — An inspection of animals may be made at any place or time under authority from the Minister. Sec. 74. Inspectors shall, in making such inspection, have free access to any ves- sel, car, yard, stable, shed or place which they may deem it necessary to enter. Sec. 75. Such animals as may be found affected with or having been exposed to contagious or infectious disease, shall be dealt with according to the provisions of the ' Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903.' Sec. 76. On infectious or contagious disease of animals being discovreed on board any steamship, vessel or car, or in any stable, shed, yard or other place, it shall be the duty of the inspector, on the removal of the infected animal or animals, to superintend the thorough disinfection of such steamship, car, stable, shed, yard or other place, without loss of time, in the manner prescribed under the general regulations for dis- infection of premises. Sec. 77. All yards, stables, sheds or other premises used (by railway or steamship companies or other persons) for the accommodation of animals, shall be maintained in a clean, comfortable and sanitary condition and shall be subject at all times to in- spection by inspectors acting under the authority of the Minister, who, when .they deem such action necessary, may order the cleansing and disinfection in a satisfactory manner of the said yards, stabled, sheds, or other premises, as provided in the ' Animal Contagious Diseases Act., 1903.' 182 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Sec. 78. In the event of any owner, lessee or occupant of any yard, stable, shed or other premises (or any railway or steamship company or person) refusing or neglecting to carry out the orders of the inspector in regard to cleansing and disin- fection as aforesaid, or in the event of such owner, lessee or occupant, company or per- son neglecting to maintain his or its yards, stables, sheds or other premises for the use of animals, in a clean, comfortable and sanitary condition, the inspector may con- demn the said premises as unfit for use, whereupon the said premises shall not be used for the accommodation of animals until such time as the orders of the inspector m regard thereto have been satisfactorily carried out. Sec. 79. No animals are to be allowed to be placed on board cars till the litter from the previous load has been removed, and the oar white-washed with lime and carbolic acid, in the proportion of 1 pound conunercial carbolic acid to 5 gallons of lime wash. Sec. 80. Shippers may refuse to place their animals on uncleaned oars, and may lodge a complaint with the nearest inspector, who shall either cause such cars to be cleansed and disinfected, as above, at the expense of the railway company, or shall prohibit their use until they have been so cleansed and disinfected. Sec. 81. Any person who violates any provision of the 'Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903,' or any provision of this Order, shall incur the penalties prescribed by the said Act. EEGULATIONS. RELATING TO IMPORTATION OF HORSES^ MULES AND ASSES. Notice is hereby given that under and by virtue of the powers vested in me by Order in Council, dated the 30th day of March, 1904, I do hereby order and declare that the following regulations relating to the importation into Canada of certain classes of horses, mules and asses are in full force and effect on and after the date hereof : — 1. Horses, mules and asses which have originated in or passed through the Re- public of Mexico, or that portion of the United States lying west of the Mississippi River, and of the Eastern Boundary of the State of Minnesota, shall be inspected, and if gentle and thoroughly broken to harness or saddle may be admitted at any quaran- tine or inspection port, as follows : — Quarantine Ports — Halifax, N.S.; St. John, N.B.; Charlottetown, P.E.I. ; Que- bec, Sherbrooke and St. Johns, Que. ; Niagara Falls, Windsor and Sarnia, Ont. ; Emer- son, Man. ; North Portal, Wood Mountain, Pendant d'Oreille, Coutts and Cardston, N.W.T. ; Gateway, Rossland, Nelson, Grand Forks, Vancouver and Victoria, B.C. Inspection Ports — Pictou, North Sydnev and Yarmouth, N.S. ; St. Stephens, Woodstock and McAdam Junction, N.B. ; Comin's Mills, Lake Megantic, Coaticook, Stanstead Junction, Mansonville, Abercom, St. Armand, Rouse's Point, Athelstan and Dundee, Que.; Cornwall, Prescott, Brockville, Toronto, Bridgeburg, Sault Ste. Marie and Port Arthur, Ont. ; Gretna, Morden, Mowbray, Crystal City, Killarney, Deloraine, Melita and Winnipeg, Man.; Rykerts, Waneta, Midway, Sidley, Sumas, New Westminster, Douglas and Nanaimo, B.C. 2. Inspectors shall, however, in any case, have the power to detain, isolate, submit to the mallein test, dip or otherwise treat such horses, mules and asses as they may have reason to believe or suspect are affected with, or have been exposed to infectious or contagious disease. 3. Branded or range western horses, other than those which are gentle and thor- oughly broken to harness or saddle, may be admitted only at the following ports : — Sarnia, Ont. ; Emerson, Man. ; North Portal, Wood Mountain, Pendant d'Oreille, Coutts and Cardston, N.W.T. ; Gateway, Rossland, Nelson, Grand Forks, Vancouver and Victoria, B.C., and subject to the following regulations : — HEALTH OF ANIMALS 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 (a) Such, horses must be accompanied by a certificate signed by a Veterinarian of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, or by a State veterinarian, stating that they are free from infectious and contagious disease, and that no infectious or contagious disease of horses has existed in the district whence they have come, for the period of six months immediately preceding the date of their removal therefrom. (&) Owners or persons in charge shall afford to Inspectors every facility and as- sistance for inspecting and otherwise dealing with such horses and shall secure and handle them as directed by the inspectors. (c) Such horses shall, in all cases, be subject to detention for such period as the inspectors may deem necessary to determine, whether they are free from infectious and contagious disease, and shall be isolated, submitted to the mallein test, dipped or otherwise treated, if the inspector so orders. SYDNEY FISHER, Minister of Agriculture. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, March 31st, 1904. THE BREEDING OF REMOUNTS— AN ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE OTTAWA FAT STOCK SHOW, MARCH, 1904. The subject on which I have been asked to speak to you this morning, viz., the breeding of horses for army use, is one which, while perhaps not of paramount im- portance to Canadian stock men, is well worthy of consideration in a gathering such as this. For many years past, this question has occupied the attention of Canadian horse- men to a greater or less extent and many efforts have been made, particularly by the residents of western Canada, to introduce the War Office to take steps in the direction of establishing remount stations in the Dominion. As far back as 1886 a commission, consisting of Colonel Ravenhill of the Royal Artillery, and Colonel Phillips and Veterinary Surgeon Matthews of the Royal Horse Guards visited Canada and reported fully on the possibilities of the Dominion as a source for furnishing the then much needed remounts for militaiy pui^poses. These gentlemen purchased a limited number of horses and by their representations, several breeders, particularly in Alberta, were led to invest largely in foundation stock with a view to furnishing the horses which it was supposed would be eagerly sought after and purchased by the army authorities. A considerable number of Thoroughbred stallions of the best and most fashionable blood in Britain and America were pur- chased and placed on the ranches, while one establishment went so far as to import 300 Irish mares with the view of producing high class military horses. No reward, however was vouchsafed to the enterprise thus displayed as not a single horse, so far as the speaker is aware, was purchased in Canada by the British War Office between 1886 and 1900, although a large number of magnificent animals were produced on the ranges above referred to. The North-west Mounted Police bought as many of the horses as were required in that service, while a considerable number of others were purchased from time to time, for the French, Belgian and Dutch armies, none, how- ever, being asked for by the British War Office. As a result of this disappointment, the gentlemen who had gone into the project with energy and vigour, became disgusted and either abandoned horse breeding- altogether or turned their attention to the pro- duction of atiimals suited for heavy draft or farm work. 184 DEPARTMENT OF AQRWVLTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The suitability of Canada as a breeding ground for remo.unts was repeatedly brought to the notice of the British government by western breeders as is shown by the correspondence which I had carefully reprinted a few years ago when I occupied the position of president of the Horse Breeders Association of Manitoba and the North-west Territories. No encouragement was, however, given until the advent of General Hutton who took an active interest in the matter, and showed himself anxious to bring about a better understanding between the army authorities and the horse breeders of the Dominion, The outbreak of the war in South Africa and the consequent keen demand for horses to be used on service was the means of again relegating to the back ground the project of establishing permanent remount depots in this country. During the continuance of the war a large number of horses, many of them non- descripts, were purchased and the effect of this action, contrary to what might be generally imagined, was the confusing, to a large extent, of the public understanding as to the types of horses required for and purchased by the British Army authori- ties during times of peace. There is a great difference between the class of horses bought under ordinary circumstances and the animals which must be accepted during war, when the wastage of horse flesh is excessive and the demand far exceeds the supply. Many horses were purchased by the army officers operating here during the South African campaign which would never be looked at in times of peace, and this fact must be borne clearly in mind by those listening to this paper and the discussion to which I hope it will give rise. As a striking proof of the truth of the statement which I have just made I may say that the Ravenhill Commission spent 167 days in Canada, travelled 14,755 rniles, examined 7,674 horses of which, 1,025 were registered to be looked at a second time, with the significant result that they were only able to purchase for army purposes, 83 horses. No objection was raised as to prices which were looked upon as very reasonable and moderate and it was not the question of money which prevented their purchasing in larger numbers. The reasons which prevented the purchase of more animals in 1886 were fully explained by the commissioners and I regret to have to say, still exist to a very large extent throughout the Dominion. These officers found that the ma- jority of the horses which would otherwise have been suitable for military purposes were unsound or blemished, this being particularly due to the overworking of the horses when too young, resulting in permanent injury to their limbs and joints. In the case of mares, this evil is perpetuated from generation to generation, while large numbers of faulty and unsound stallions, then as now, contributed largely to the evil. Another objection to Canadian horses and which was by them attributed, I think, rightly to the too extensive and indiscriminate use of the American trotter for stud purposes, is the fact that they are not of saddle type, many of them having poor straight shoulders, a long back, and short and drooping hind quarters, the latter being a serious objection in the ease of a mounted soldier carrying his kit behind the saddle. It was stated then and I fear it is still too true, that it is the exception to meet with a Canadian horse having a lengthy rein and quarters, good withers and oblique shoulders, this type of horse being only procui'able by a judicious mixture of Thorough- bred which has unfortunately, especially in recent years, been far from popular among the light horse breeders of the Dominion, The foregoing remarks are applicable to the majority of horses required for army use although the characteristics of military horses vary with the work which they are intended to perform. Without again recounting all the arguments which have been repeatedly advanced as to the suitability of the climate and soil of Canada for the raising of all classes of horses, the advantage in time of stress of being able to purchase in a British colony when foreign markets might be closed against us and the convenience of shipping either HEALTH OF ANIMALS 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 to the far east or to Europe, I now propose to give a brief description of the types of animals usually sought for and purchased for use in our militaiy service as also a few hints as to how they may be most easily and certainly produced. Three fairly distinct classes are comprised by the term army horse or ' remount ' as he is technically styled. Of these the most impox'tant has hitherto been and still is the cavalry horse although the nature of modern warfare seems likely to relegate him ere long to a second or even a third place in the scale. This horse is of the dis- tinctly riding type, that is to say, he must be well bred with clean head, lengthy rein, sloping shoulder, deep through the heart, well ribbed up with a strong short back, good loin, long straight quarters and tail well set on. He must, when full grown, stand squarely and on short legs not less than 15 — 2 nor more than 16 hands, should girth six feet or more and measure not less than eight inches below the knee. He must be essentially a strong horse as the British cavalry trooper with his arms and kit, looking as Toomy Atkins says ' like a bloomin' Christ- mas tree on horse-back,' rides from 250 to 280 lbs. weight and his mount must be able to move freely under this killing load. Such animals are not very plentiful in any country and in fact, are constantly growing more difficult to procure. They can best be obtained by the judicious use of selected T. B. sires on strong half-bred mares, on those having an admixture of hack- ney or coach blood, on strong roadster mares and in Canada on fair sized and sym- metrical French mares. On light roadster mares showing a tendency to weedines.s, a hackney sire having plenty of quality may be used with advantage. The artillery or army draft horse is of an entirely different type and is mor^e easily picked up than the trooper. He may best be described in general, as an active- quick moving vanner or expresser, the horse kno-wn in Glasgow as the ' Gyp,' having enough quality to stand hard, fast work with sufficient substance and strength to handle his share of a by no means light load. He should be a clean-legged solid horse with plenty of bone, able to trot out freely and above all to walk well. A proportion of draft blood is not objectionable in the wheelers, especially for field artillei-y and even horse artillery wheelers must be extra strong in the back and quarters as they have to take and hold the shock of the heavy gun in a sudden halt. Eor the horse artillery as also for the lead and centre pairs of field artillery, a lighter and more breedy horse is required : thus more variation is permissible among gun horses than in those for cavalry use. Many of our lighter general purposes horses ai'e exceedingly well adapted for artil- lery work as was plainly demonstrated during the recent campaign in South Africa. The lighter types can be obtained by using a strong, stout T. B. horse on mares of size and action or by breeding biggish road mades to a good hackney or French coach horse. Many of the best gunners are bred from the T.B. horse and Suffolk mares. The mounted infantry horse is simply a strong well-bred pony or cob with as much riding character, as possible. He should have a good rein and an oblique free shoulde* should be deep through the heart, and have a strong back with a good loin and quar- ter. He should stand squarely on short legs not less than 14 — 1 nor more than 15 — 1. The favourite height is about 11 — 3. He can be easily got by using a stout T. B, sire on French Canadian or other strong pony mares or by stinting the undersized trotting bred mares so common in Canada to a good hackney stallion, the latter being also, undoubtedly, the best horse to use in breeding from Western ponies. Except during war, horses are bcught only between 4 and 7 years old. Bays, browns and blacks are preferred, while chestnuts, especially dark chestnuts are not rejected if otherwise suitable. Blacks ai'e especially in demand for the Household cavalry ; about fifty grey troopers and a few grey artillery horses are purchased each year for si^ecial corps, but no parti-coloured horses are wanted. Mares are purchased as well as geldings though the latter are preferred. Unsound or badly blemished horses are not taken, the veterinary examination being very strict and searching. 186 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE m 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Un-docked horses are greatly preferred and no horse with a very short docked tail will be taken. It is to be sincerely hoped that the negotiations now in progress will result in the establishment of permanent purchasing depots in the Dominion, for the reason that apart from any other benefits which might result, such a step would be certain to bring about a rapid improvement in the quality of the lighter horses which, whatever may be said to the contrary, will continue to be extensively bred, especially in certain localities. » The objection has been raised in certain quarters that it will not pay Canadian farmers to breed horses suitable for army purposes at the prices at which they have to be purchased by the War Ofiice. This objection has weight, and I would not advise any Canadian farmer or horse breeder to start in with the avowed purpose of breed- ing horses for military purposes, but when we consider the large prices procurable for high class horses suitable for hunters', saddle horses or harness work, there can surely be no question as to the advisability of endeavouring to breed such animals in preference to the nondescripts now so strongly in evidence everywhere throughout the Dominion, Let the breeder of light horses aim to produce a type of the highest class and if he fails, as fail he will, to do so in every instance, he will still be likely to have an animal well adapted for army work and which, if matters progress as they are now doing, will find a ready market. Again, admitting that it will not paj^ the farmer to deliberately breed mounted infantry ponies, I woidd point out that thousands of ill conditioned and mis-shapen little weeds are annually produced in all parts of the Dominion which might, very profitably be supplanted by stout, useful, symmetrical cobs, the best of which would be in keen demand at high figures, while the remainder would be well suited to supply this comparatively new military need. J. G. EUTHEEFORD, Veterinary Director General. ISLINGTON EXHIBITIONS 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 EEPOKT OF CANADA'S PAETICIPATION IN THE CONFECTIONERS', BAKERS', AND ALLIED TRADERS' EXHIBITION, THE GROCERY ANT) ALLIED TRADERS' EXHIBI- TION, THE DAIRY EXHIBITION. All held at the Royal Agricultural Rail, Islington, N. London, England, September and October, 1904. These exhibitions are altogether of a trade character, each being held in the inter- ests of its special line of business, they are annual fixtures and various competitions take place in connection with them, apart from the regular competition of exhibitors for prizes awarded in various classes. The Managing Directors of the two first named extended an invitation to Canada, offering the necessary space free of charge, and at the same time pointing out the advantages offered for the exploitation of our food products and that to people directly interested, the invitation was accepted and instructions were issued to this branch to prepare a suitable display. The exhibitions are competitive, but it was not deemed advisable to enter into any of the competitions this season, it being our first venture and rather of an experi- mental nature ; a space of 12 x 100 feet was secured in that portion of the building known as the Minor Hall and the best location therein reserved on which was erected a stand the full size of the space, over this series of arches were sprung with an over- head decoration of grains, grasses, photographs, flags and shields, making a very attrac- tive setting which was much admired by visitors, being altogether out of the ordinary run of decoration as generally used ; many seeing it were reminded of Canada's Cor- onation arch at Whitehall. The Canadian exhibit consisted of, first in the Confectioners', Bakers' and AUied Traders' Exhibition, flour of different grades, but more especially that made from hard wheat, fruits, natural, preserved in antiseptic and tinned, biscuits, confectionery, chocolates, maple creams, maple sugar, maple syrup, honey drawn and in the comb, eggs, butter, lard, baking powder, condensed milk and cream, &c. In the Grocery and Allied Traders' Exhibition all of the above were included with the addition of tinned vegetables, meats, soups, fish, wines, whiskies, hams, bacon, cheddar, Oka, and potted cheese, various cereals, breakfast foods, buckwheat flour, starch, corn, syrup, dressed poultry, &c. And at the Dairy Show the principal exhibits were butter, cheddar. Oka and potted cheese, hams, bacon, lard, ^gs, dressed poultry, fruits and a few tinned meats. The attendance was good throughout and consisted mainly of people interested in the exhibits, conferences were held in connection with each exhibition and excursions were run from all parts of the kingdom ; at the first exhibition the inquiries were prin- cipally from bakers and manufacturing confectioners and referred mostly to flour, eggs, butter, maple products, fruits, &c., at the second exhibition, fruits tinned and in glass, wines, bacon, cereal breakfast foods, cheese and butter ; and at the third exhi- bition, butter and cheese mainly; many of these inquiries were from dealers in the provinces who particularly wanted addresses of agents or representatives at London, Liverpool, Glassgow, Bristol, or other ports with a view to procuring lines of Canadian products as quickly as possible, needless to say all possible information was given in each and every case. In most cases the inquiries were answered on the spot, but occasionally when some particular details were sought for of which the data was not at hand, it was subsequently forwarded, at the Dairy Show many inquiries were made R— 2 jg3 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 by persons contemplating removing to Canada to take up western lands, to answer tliese fully, a representative of tliu iiuniigration oltice in London was in attendance. As stated above the Canadian exhibits were not entered for competition, neverthe- less many of the judges in different classes tested our products and expressed them- selves as highly pleased with them and in several instances classed them as equal to the prize winners. On the opening day of each of these exhibits a press luncheon was held, your re- presentatives had the pleasure of attending two of these and were called upon to reply to the toast of ' Success to Canada ' at one of them; in this connection we have to sin- cerely thank the representative of both the daily and trade press for the very cordial manner in which they received us, more especially that devoted to the trade represented iit the exhibitions. All of the leading journals devoted large portions of space \o describing our exhibit, Canada's enterprise, &c. Thanks are due to the High Commissioner for Canada for the hearty manner in which he assisted in the carrying out of this work and placed every facility at the dis- posal of your officers so as to bring it to a successful issue. Thanks are also due to Mr. W. A. Aylwin, managing director and his co-directors who placed themselves entirely at our disposal, granting us privileges and opportuni- ties which were of much value, and they sincerely hope that Canada's participation in these exhibits may now be considered an annual feature. JAMES BRODIE. W. H. HAY. PATENTS OF INTENTION 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 PATENTS OF INVENTION. RULES AND FORMS OF THE CANADIAN PATENT OFFICE^ BY ORDER IN COUNCIL, DATED 23RD FEBRUARY, 1904. 1. A personal appearance of the applicant, or his representative, at the Patent Office is not required, unless specially called for by the Commissioner. 2. In all cases the applicant or depositor of any paper is responsible for the merits of his allegations, and the validity of the instruments furnished by him or his agent. 3. Correspondence may be carried on either with the applicant, or his agent, but only with one person, and will be conveyed through the Canadian mails free of charge. 4. All documents must be legibly and neatly written or printed on foolscap paper, 13 inches long and 8 wide, with an inner margin of one inch and a half wide. 5. All communications are to be addressed — ' The Commissioner of Patents, Ottawa, Canada.' Papers forwarded to the office should be accompanied by a let- ter, and a separate letter should be written on every subject. 6. As regards proceedings not specially provided for in the accompanying forms, any other form being conformable to the letter and spirit of the law may be accepted, and if not conformable therewith will be returned for correction. 7. Models need only be fvirnished when required by the Commissioner, and must be neat and substantial working ones, not exceeding twelve inches on the longest side, unless otherwise allowed by special permission ; models must be so constructed as to show exactly every part of the invention claimed and its mode of working. In cases where samples of ingredients are required by law, they must be contained in glass bottles properly arranged ; but dangerous or explosive substances must not be sent. Both models and bottles must bear the name of the inventor, the title of the inven- tion and date of the application ; they must be furnished to the Patent Office free of charge and in good order. 8. All fees should be transmitted with the application for any action by the office. Remittances must be in current bankable funds, bank drafts, money orders, or certified cheques payable at par at Ottawa. Money sent by mail should be in registered letters and is at the risk of the sender. Drafts, money orders and cheques should be made payable to the Commisisoner of Patents, Ottawa. 9. An applicant for an original patent, or for the re-issue of a patent, shall pro- ceed with his application with due diligence ; and upon his failure to prosecute the same within a period of one year after the date of the acknowledgment of the filing of his application, or other subsequent official action of which notice have been duly given, the same shall be held to be abandoned, and any fees paid thereon forfeited, un- less the Commissioner is satisfied that the cause of the delay was not the fault of the applicant. In any case, however, in which it is established to the satisfaction of the Com- missioner that there is unnecessary delay on the part of the applicant in the prosecu- tion of his application, and that such delay may injure the rights of other parties, the Commissioner may require the applicant to proceed with the prosecution of his appli- cation within such period less than one year as to the Commissioner may seem reason- able ; and upon the failure of the applicant so to do, his application shall be held to be abandoned, with forfeiture of fees, as aforesaid. Prosecution of an application, to save it from abandonment, must include such proper action as the condition of the case may require. 190 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 10. Two or more separate inventions cannot be claimed in one application, nor included in one patent. But if separate matters are represented to be so dependent on, and connected with, each other as to be necessarily taken together, to obtain the end sought for by the inventor, the Commissioner of Patents shall be the judge whe- ther or not the pretentions of the applicant in such respect can be entertained, . 11. The filing of a protest against the issuing of a patent shall not be taken in it- self as sufficient reason to withiiold the granting of such patent to an applicant. 12. A Caveat can only be filed by an inventor, and shall be composed of a speci- fication (and drawings) , certified on oath [Form 'No. 23] and the applicant may, while it is pending, lodge additional papers, provided they relate exclusively to the same in- vention. The pe:rson filing a Caveat will not be entitled to notice of any application pending at the time of filing his Caveat. A Caveat must be limited to a single inven- tion. The specification of a Caveat should be sufficiently precise to enable the Office to judge whether there is a probable interference when a subsequent application is filed. 13. Drawings in duplicate, to be attached to the duplicate specification, must be made in India or carbon ink, on sheets of tracing cloth other than Linaura or similar fabric, eight by thirteen inches, neatly executed and without colours. Each sheet of tracing linen shall contain the following certificate at the bottom : ' Certified to be the drawings referred to in the specification hereunto annexed,' and signed by the inventor or his attorney ; place, date, and signatui'e of two witnesses. All drawings must be clear, sharp, well-defined, not too fine and perfectly hlach. Lines that are pale, ashy, very fine, ragged or broken, give bad results when photo- lithographed. Bnish-shading, tinting and imitation surface graining should never be used ; ani in fine-shading the result should be attained with as few lines as possible. Section lines also should be as open in their spacing as the case will admit of, and these, as well as all right lines, in order to insure clearness, should be made with a ruling pen. The shading of convex and concave surfaces may be dispensed with when the invention is otherwise well illustrated. Shade lines may sometimes be used with good effect, but heavy shadows where they would obscure lines or letters of reference, should be avoided. With each application an extra full set of drawings must be supplied on double Bristol Board, 8 by 13 inches, without writing on its face, merely the usual referecnoA letters ; no title, certificate, nor signatures ; on the back of the sheet the name of the inventor and the title of the invention must be written in pencil. The card board drawing should be rolled on a roller for transmission to the office as folding will prevent its usefulness for photo-lithographing. 14. In the matter of a re-issue, under Section 23 of the Act, whatever is really embraced in the original application and so described or shown in the same, that it might have been embraced in the original Patent, may be ground for a re-issue. No new matter can be introduced into the specifications, nor shall the models or draw- ings be amended except each by the other. In the absence of model or drawing, the re-issue may contain amendments, upon satisfactory proof to the Commissioner that such amendments were part of the invention, although omittted in the original appli- cation. Separate patents may be issued for each separate and distinct part of the in- vention, comprehended in the original patent. 15. Information in relation to pending applications will be furnished only to applicants, or to such persons as may be duly authorized in writing by them to obtain the same. 16. The Office can not respond to inquiries as to the probability of an alleged invention being patented in advance of an application for a patent ; nor to inquiries founded on brief or imperfect descriptions, propounded with a view of ascertaining whether alleged improvements have been patented, nor unless the name of the pat- ent-ee, and, as nearly as possible, the date of the Patent, be given ; nor can it act as PATENTS OF INTENTION . 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 an expounder of the Patent Law, nor as counsellor for individuals, except as to ques- tions within the office. In order to avoid unnecessary explanations and useless loss of time and labour, it is particularly recommended that reference be made to the law before writing on any subject to the Patent Office. A copy of the Rules with a particular section marked, sent to any person making an inquiry, will be deemed a respectful answer by the Office. 17. It is desirable, both in the interests-of the applicant and of the public service, that the papers and drawings should be prepared by competent persons. Therefore, the applicant is advised, unless himself competent to draw up papers, in connection with the application, to employ a skilled attorney, as the value of patents is largely based upon the ability with which the specification and claims have been prepared. The Office will always decliae to advise the selection of an attorney. 18. All business with this Office should be transacted in writing. The action of the Office will be based exclusively on the written record. No attention will be paid to any alleged averbal promise or understanding in relation to which there is any dis- agreement or doubt. 19. An assignment is to be accompanied by a copy thereof ; the original will be kept in the Patent Office, and the copy will be returned to the person sending it, with certificate of registration thereon. 20. All cases connected with the intricate and multifarious proceedings arising from the working of the Patent Office, which are not specially defined and provided for in these rules, will be decided in accordance with the merits of each case under the authority of the commissioner ; and such decision will be communicated to the inter- ested parties in writing. 21. Applications for patents sent to this office, unaccompanied by the fee provided by law, will receive no official recognition, nor be filed nor numbered ; they will merely be pigeon-holed, and only marked filed the day on which the fee shall have been received. 22. The applicant has a right to amend before or after the first rejection or action; and he may amend as often as the examiner presents new references or reasons for rejection. In so amending, the applicant must clearly point out by letter accompany- ing his amendments and not therein, all the patentable novelty which he thinks the case presents in view of the state of the ai't disclosed by the references cited or the objections made. He must also show how the amendments avoid such references or objections. 23. The specification and drawing must be amended and revised when required, to correct inaccuracies of desci'iption or unnecessary prolixity, and to secure corres- pondence between the claim, the specification and the drawing. But no change in the drawing may be made except by written permission of the office. 24. Amendments must not be made by erasures or insertions in the original papers, but must be made on fresh sheets of paper, so that the sheets containing the matter to be amended may be removed from the application and replaced by sheets containing the amendments. Amendments to the specifications must be made in duplicate, and those to the claims in triplicate. COMPULSORY LICENSES. 25. A petition to the Commissioner for an order for a license under section 7, paragraph (a), of the Act to amend the Patent Act, 1903, shall show clearly the ground or grounds upon which the petitioner claims to be entitled to a license, and shall state in detail the circumstances of the case, the terms upon which he asks that an order may be made, the purpose of such order, and the name and address of the patentee and of any other person- who is alleged in the petition to have made default. 192 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 26. The petition and an examined copy thereof shall be left at the Patent Office, accompanied by affidavits or statutory declarations in proof of the allegations con- tained in the petition, together with any other documentary evidence in support ; and petitioner shall within ten days after the leaving of such petition deliver to the patentee and any other person who is alleged in the petition to have made default, copies of the petition and of such affidavits or statutory declarations and other docu- mentary evidence in support. 27. The person to whom such copies are delivered by the petitioner may, within ten days after being invited to do so by the commissioner, leave at the Patent Office their oppositions to such i>etition, together with their affidavits or statutory declarations or other documentary evidence in support, in answer, and if they do so, shall deliver copies thereof to the petitioner within ten days, and the petitioner may within ten days from such last mentioned delivery leave at the Patent Office his affidavits or statutory declarations and other documentary evidence, in reply ; and if he does so, shall deliver copies thereof to the patentee or any other person alleged in the petition to have made default within ten days, such last mentioned affidavits or statutory declarations being confined to matters strictly in reply. 28. No further evidence than as aforesaid may be left by either side at the Patent Office, except by leave or on requisition of the Commissioner, and upon such terms, if any, as he may think fit. 29. The Commissioner may at any stage of the proceedings before granting his order, give notice of the proceedings, and furnish copies thereof to any person not a party thereto who may be interested in the patent and whose rights may be affected by his order, and may allow such person to intervene in the proceedings. After such person has been allowed to intervene, he shall be governed by these rules as though the petitioner had alleged in his petition that such person was in default. 30. On completion of the evidence, or after the expiration of the time for com- pleting the same, the commissioner, on the request of the petitioner, shall fix a time for hearing the petition, and shall give notice to the petitioner, the patentee, and all other parties to the proceedings, that it is his intention to hear the petition on a specified day, which day shall not be less than two weeks from the date when the notice is served. 31. All petitions and other documents lodged at the Patent Office shall (unless the commissioner otherwise direct), be typewritten or printed, and the parties shall furnish as many copies of the documents lodged by them as shall be required by the commissioner. 32. Parties shall be entitled to have copies of all papers lodged in respect to the petition, at their own expense. The petitioner and each of the other parties shall specify an address for service in Canada, and may be heard in person or by counsel or by a duly authorized agent. 33. The commissioner shall, if so requested, hear counsel on behalf of the Crown on the question of granting the prayer of any petition. Counsel on behalf of the Crown shall not be required to give notice of the grounds of any objection he may think fit to take or of any evidence which he may think fit to place before the com- missioner. 34. Any notice required to be served or given by the rules relating to compulsory license may be served or given by posting the same to the party to be notified in a registered envelope, and documents required to be delivered may be delivered in the same way. 35. The times prescribed by these rules may be altered or enlarged by the com- missioner if he thinks fit, upon such notice to parties interested and upon such terms, if any, as he may direct. PATENTS OF INTENTION 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Appendix of Forms, petitions. Form 1. ( by a sole inventor. To the Commissioner of Patents, Ottawa : The petition of John Smith, of the city of Toronto, in the province of Ontario, carpenter, showeth : That he hath invented new and useful improvements in machines for breaking stones, not known or used by others before his invention thereof, and not being in public use, or on sale, with his consent or allowance as such inventor, for more than one year previous to his application for a patent therefor, in Canada. Your petitioner, therefore, prays that a patent may be granted to him for the said invention, as set forth in the specification in duplicate relating thereto, and, for the purposes of the Patent Act, your petitioner elects his domicile in the city of Ottawa, province of Ontario. John Smith. Toronto^ September 1, 1887. Form 2. by joint inventors. To the Commissioner of Patents, Ottawa : The petition of James Thomas, blacksmith, and George Robert Major, tinsmith, both of the city of Ottawa, in the county of Carleton, in the province of Ontario, showeth : That they have jointly invented a new and useful improvement in the art or process of separating smut from wheat, not known or used by others before their invention thereof, and not being in public use, or on sale, with their consent or allow- ance as such inventors, for more than one year previous to their application for a patent therefor, in Canada. Your petitioners, therefore, pray that a patent may be granted to them jointly for the said invention, as set forth in the specification in duplicate relating thereto, and, for the purposes of the Patent Act, your petitioners elect their domicile in the city of Ottawa, province of Ontario. Ottawa September 1, 1887. James Thomas^ George Robert Major. Form 3. by an administrator or executor. To the Commissionei- of Patents^ Ottawa : The petition of James Clayton, of the city of Kingston, in the province of Ontario, stonecutter, administrator of the estate (or executor of the last will and testament) 15—13 194 DEFARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 of Thomas Clayton, in his lifetime, of the said city of Kingston, deceased, millwright (as reference to the duly certified copy of letters of administration, or letters testa- mentary, hereto annexed will more fully appear), showeth : That the said Thomas Clayton did invent a new and useful composition of matter for making artificial stone, not known or used by others before his invention thereof, and not being in public use or on sale, with the consent or allowance of the said Thomas Clayton as such inventor, for more than one year previous to this application for a patent therefor, in Canada. Your petitioner, therefore, prays that a patent may be granted to him, as admin- istrator (or executor) of the estate of the said Thomas Clayton for the said invention, as set forth in the specification in duplicate relating thereto, and, for the purposes of the Patent Act, your petitioner elects his domicile in the city of Ottawa, province of Ontario. James Claytox. Kingston^ September 1, 1887. Form 4. FOR A RE-ISSUE (bY THE INVENTOR). To the Commissioner of Patents, Ottawa : The petition of Thomas Brown, in the city of Ottawa, in the province of Ontario, lumber manufacturer, showeth : That your petitioner obtained a patent bearing date the twelfth day of August, A.D. 1886, for a new and useful improvement in churns. That the petitioner is advised that the said patent is deemed defective, or inopera- tive, by reason of insufficient description or spscification, and that the errors arose from inadvertence, accident or mistake, without any fraudulent or deceptive intention. Your petitioner, being desirous of obtaining a new patent in accordance with the amended description and specification in duplicate, therefore prays that he may be allowed to surrender the aforesaid patent, and a new patent be granted to him, in accordance with the amended description and specification of the said invention, for the unexpired period for which the orginal patent was granted. Thomas Brown. Ottawa^ September 1, 1887. _ Form 5. FOR A RE-ISSUE (BY THE ASSIGNEE). To the' Commissioner of Patents, Ottawa : The petition of David Lane, of the town of Cobourg, in the county of Northum- berland, province of Ontario, tanner, showeth : That your petitioner, by assignment bearing date the 24th day of June, 1887, ob- tained the exclusive right to a patent granted to Thomas Tardy, of the city of Ottawa, province of Ontario, broommaker, on the 1st of July, 1885, for new and useful im- provements in planing machines. That your petitioner is advised that the said patent is deemed defective or in- operative by reason of insufficient description, or specification, and that the error arose from inadvertence, accident or mistake, without any fraudulent or deceptive intention. Your petitioner, being desirous of obtaining a new patent in accordance with an amended description and specification in duplicate, therefore prays that he may PATENTS OF INVENTION 195 'SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 be allowed to surrender the aforesaid patent, and that a new patent be granted to him, as assignee of the said Thomas Tardy, in accordance with the amended description and specification of the said invention, for the unexpired period for which the original patent was granted. David Lane. CoBOURG, September 1, 1887. The above form is to be altered to suit the case, when the re-issue is to the adminis- trator, or executor, of a deceased inventor. Form 6. surrender form to accompany application for re-issue. To all to whom these presents shall come, Thomas Brown, of the city of Ottawa, in the province of Ontario, lumber manufacturer, within named, sends greetings : — Whereas the within written patent, for an improvement in churns, is deemed ■defective, or inoperative, by reason of insufficient description, or specification, and the error arose from inadvertence, accident or mistake, without any fraudulent or decep- tive intention, and the Commissioner of Patents accordingly, in pursuance of the statute in such respects, hath agreed to accept the surrender of the same ; Now know ye, that the said Thomas Brown, within named, doth by these presents surrender and yield up the within written patent, granted to him for improvements in churns, and bearing date the 8th day of June, 1886. In witness whereof the said Thomas Brown hath set his hand and affijxed his seal this first day of September, A.D., 1887. Thomas Brown. [L.S.] Signed, sealed and delivered at the city of Ottawa, in the County of Carleton, in the province of Ontario, in the presence of Henry Cockburn. Form 7. power of attorney. To the Commissioner of Patents, Ottawa : The undersigned, John Brown, of the town of Cornwall, in the County of Stor- mdnt, in the province of Ontario, storekeeper, hereby appoints John Smith, of the city of Ottawa, province of Ontario, his attorney, with full power of substitution and revocation, to prosecute an application for new and useful improvements in sewing •machines, to make alterations and amendments therein, to sign the drawings, to receive the patent and to transact all business in the Patent Office connected therewith. Signed at Cornwall, this 1st day of September, 1887. John Brown. In the presence of John Smith. 15—13* igg DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Form 8. revocation of power of attorney. To the Commissioner of Patents, Ottawa : The undersigned, John Brown, of the town of Cornwall, in the County of Stor- mont, in the province of Ontario, storekeeper, having on or about the 1st September, 1887,' appointed John Smith of the city of Ottawa, province of Ontario, his attorney, to prosecute an application for a patent for new and useful improvements in sewing machines, hereby revokes the power of attorney then given. Signed at Cornwall, this thirteenth day of September, 1887. John Brown. In the presence of John Smith. SPECIFICATIOIs'S. Form 9. for a machine. To all whom it may concern : Be it known that I William Woodworth, of the town of Poughkeepsie, in the County of Duchess, in the State of New York, gentleman, having invented certain new and useful improvements in meat chopping machines (for which I have obtained a patent in [here name the countiy] No. , bearing date 189 ),* do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same. My invention relates to improvements in meat-chopping machines in which verti- cally-reciprocating knives operate in conjunction with a rotating chopping-block ; and the objects of my improvement are, first, to provide a continuously-lubricated bearing for the block ; second, to aiford facilities for the proper adjustment of the knives in- dependently of each other in respect to the face of the block ; and, third, to reduce the friction of the reciprocating rod which carries the knives. * Note. — If no foreign patent has been obtained the words in parenthesis should be omitted. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanyirg drawing, in which — Figure 1 is a vertical section of the entire machine ; Fig. 2, a top view of the machine as it appears after the removal of the chopping-block and knives; Fig. 3, a vertical section of a part of the machine on the line 1, 2, Fig. 2 ; and Fig. 4, a detailed view in perspective of the reciprocating cross-head and its knives. Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views. The table or plate A, its legs or standards B B, and the hanger a, secured to the under side of the table, constitute the frame-work of the machine. In the hanger a turns the shaft D, carrying a fly-wheel E, a crank-pin, on the hub of which is con- nected by a link & to a pin passing through a cross-head G, and to the latter is secured a rod. H, having at its upper end a cross-head I, carrying the adjustable chopping- knives d d, referred to hereinafter. The cross-head G, reciprocated by the shaft D, is provided with antifriction rollers e e, adapted to guides f f, secured to the under side of the table A, so that the recipro- cation of this cross-head may be accompanied with as little friction as possible. To the under side of a wooden chopping-block J is secured an annular rib h adapted to and bearing in an annular groove i in the table A. (See Figs. 1 and 2.) This anuular groove or channel is not of the same depth throughout, but communi- PATENTS OF INVENTION 197 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 cates at one or more points (two in the present instance) with the pockets or recep- tacles j j, deeper than the groove, and containing supplies of oil in contact with which the rib h rotates, so that the continuous lubrication of the groove and rib is assured. The rod H passes through and is guided by a central stand K, secured to the table A, and projecting through a central opening in the chopping-block without being in contact therewith, the upper portion of the said stand being contained within a cover h, which is secvired to the block, and which prevents particles of meat from escaping through the central opening of the same. The cross-head, I, previously referred to, and shown in perspective in Fig. 4, is vertically adjustable on the rod H, and can be retained after adjustment by a set-screw X, the upper end of the rod being threaded for the reception of nuts, which resist the shocks imparted to the cross-head when the knives are brought into violent contact with the meat on the chopping-block. The knives d d are adjustable independently of each other and of the said cross- head, so that the coincidence of the cutting-edge of each knife with the face of the chopping-block may always be assured. I prefer to carry out this feature of my invention in the manner shown in Fig. 4, where it will be seen that two screw-rods m m rise vertically from the back of each knife and pass through lugs n n on the cross-head, each rod being furnished with two nuts, one above and the other below the lug through which it passes. The most accur- ate adjustment of the knives can be effected by the manipulation of these nuts. A circular casing p is secured to the chopping-block, so as to form on the same a trough P for keeping the meat within proper bounds ; and on the edge of the annular rib h, secured to the bottom of the block, are teeth for receiving those of a pinion q, which may be driven by the shaft D, through the medium of any suitable system of gearing, that shown in the drawing forming no part of my present invention. This shaft D may be driven by a belt passing round the pulleys s, or it may be driven by hand from a shaft W, furnished at one end with a handle t, and at the other with a cog-wheel R, gearing into a ninion on the said shaft D. A platform T may be hinged, as at w, to one edge of the table A, to support a vessel in which the chopped meat can be deposited. The means by which it may be supported, and the most convenient method of disposing of it when not in use, are shown in Fig. 1. I am aware that prior to my invention meat-chopping machines have been made with vertically-reciprocating knives operating in conjunction with rotating chopping blocks. I therefore do not claim svich a combination broadly; but What I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by letters patent, is — 1. The combination, in a meat-chopping machine, of a rotary choping-block hav- ing an annular rib, with a table having an annular recess and a pocket communicat- ing with the said recess, all substantially as set forth. 2. In a meat-chopping machine, the combination of a rotary chopping-block with a reciprocating cross-head carrying knives, each of which is vertically adjustable on the said cross-head independently of the other, substantially as described. 3. The knife d, having two screw-rods, m m, attached to its back, substantially as shown, for the purpose specified. 4. The combination, in a meat-chopping machine, of the reciprocating rod, carry- ing the knives, the cross-head secured to the said rod, and having anti-friction rollers, with guides, adapted to the said rollers, all substantially as set forth. William Woodworth. PouGHKEEPSiE^ September 4, 1887. Signed in the presence of Jethro Wood,] Oliver Evans. [ NOTK. — The specification including the claims must be In duplicate, and in addition a third •copy of the claims alone must be furnished. 198 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD Vli., A. 1905- Form 10. for ax art or process. To all whom it may concern : — Be it known that we, Marion Ellsworth, of Chicago, county of Cook, and state of Illinois, gentleman, and Joseph Richard Shaw, of Indianapolis, County of Marion, and State of Indiana, gentleman, have jointly invented a certain new and useful process of Treating Sludge Oil, in order to obtain from it a resinous substance, (for which we have obtained a patent in [here name the country]. No. , bearing date 189 , * of which the following is a specification : — ■ In purification of hydrocarbon oils produced by the distillation of crude petrol- eum, asphalts, or bitumens, or by the destructive distillation of coal, resins, or bitu- minous shales, the oils, are agitated with 2 per cent or more of concentrated sul- phuric acid (60° Baume, 1.86 specfic gravity), in order to remove certain oils contained in the distillate which would, in course of time, absorb oxygen from the air, and cause the oil to become dark-coloured and gummy, and also to remove tarry substances and the disagreeable odour. Sulphuric acid combines chemically with these bodies and dissolves them, forming a dark-red, heavy liquid, which settles'on the bottom of the agitator, and can then be readily drawn off from the purified oil. This peculiar com- pound of sulphuric acid and hydrocarbon oils dissolved in the excess of acid, is known as ' sludge.' At present it is purchased by superphosphate manufacturers, who mix it with a little water, which decomposes the compound of acid and oil, producing a vv'eaker acid (about 50° Baume) used in the manufacture of superphosphate of lime, and a dark-coloured offensive oil, which rises to the surface of the acid, and usually is thrown away, no commercial use having been found for it. This waste product is. called ' sludge oil.' The mode of practicing our invention is as follows : In our process, when the sludge has been decomposed by the addition of water, the sludge oil is drawn off, and is then purified by repeated washings with water, until the acid remaining in it is removed. For this purpose equal volumes of water and sludge oil may be used ; but the washing can be affected by a less quantity of water. The acid remaining in the oil, if any, is then neutralized with quicklime or caustic soda. The purified oil has a strong and somewhat disagreeable odour, and contains about 10 per cent of volatile oils, which are converted into a hard resin with difficulty. To remove these volatile substances, the sludge oil thus purified is introduced into a still with the addition of from 2 to 4 per cent of caustic soda and about 2 per cent of the oxides of lead or manganese, to oxidize any sulphurous body which may be in the oil and combine witi^ it, and steam is then blown through the oil, the oil being kept hot either by a fire under the still or by the use of steam heated to the required temperature (between 212° and 450° Fahrenheit). The action of the steam is continued until no more volatile oils are removed, usually from five to ten hours. The steam is then shut off, and the contents of the still allowed, to settle, when a sediment of tarry impurities and soda subsides, from which the pure oil may be drawn off. The oil is then introduced intv a still or tank, and oxidized by blowing currents of air through it, the oil being kept at a moderate temperature from 200° to 300° Fahrenheit), either by a slow fire under the still, or by a steam coil in the bottom of the tank, or by heating the air by a hot- blast oven to the proper temperature before it is blown through the oil, and the action of the air is continued until complete oxidation is effected, and a sample on cooling solidifies to a more or less hard resin. The time required to effect the oxidation varies with the working temperature an^ with the extent of surface of oil brought in contact with the air. We may define it as between four and twelve days. The action of the air upon the oil is stopped when * Note. — If no foreign patent has been obtained, the words in parenthesis may be omitted. PATENTS OF INVENTION 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 sanif ks on coding, taken from the contents of the still, are found to be of the proper degree of hardness and toughness for the particular purpose to which the product is to be applied, and after letting the contents of the still settle the hot resin is drawn off from the sediment of soda and impurities. • The action of the air may be accelerated by adding other oxidizing agents — for example, about 2 per cent of the oxides of lead or manganese, or about 2 per cent of '.he manganates of soda and potassa to the oil. These substances act either by giving up oxygen to the oil or by their presence inducing a combination of the oxygen and the hydrocarbon. An inferior quality of resin may be produced by treating the washed sludge oil in a still with caustic soda and litharge (6 per cent soda to 1 to 2 per cent litharge) and blowing a current of air through it at about the temperature of 350° !Fahrenheit,which at the same time oxidizes the oil and removes the more volatile portions, which are dis- tilled off until it is converted into a resin, which, on cooling, becomes hard and brittle. This process last mentioned requires from two to six days, but the resin produced is darker in colour than that made by first treating with steam and then with air at a lower temperature, as the colouring matter Is not affected by steam at 400°, while air at that temperature rapidly darkens it by oxidation. Sunlight bleaches the colour of sludge oil, and, at the same time, greatly accelerates the absorption of oxygen from the air. To produce the lightest-coloured resins the sludge oil is steamed with 5 per cent of a solution of soda, 20° Baume, at a low temperature (about 200° to 250° Fahrenheit for ten hours), to remove the more volatile portions, and then oxidized and bleached by exposing the oil, in shallow tanks covered by glass, to the action of the sunlight, the oil being kept hot and fluid by a steam coil in the bottom of the tank, and currents of air blown through it to produce the oxidation. Inferior qualities of sludge oil, as those produced in the purification of lubricat- ing oils, and which contain a large quantity of tarry substances, are treated as follows : The oil is charged in to a still, and caustic soda and black oxide of manganese, in the proportion of about 5 per cent of soda and 2 per cent of manganese, are added, and the charge distilled by a current of steam blown through the oil, assisted by a fire under the still, until only tar and coke remain behind. The distillation commences at about 350° Fahrenheit, and, the fire being increased, the temperature in the still gradually rises to about 800°, when only the thick pitch remains in the still. By the use of steam under pressure the oil can be distilled with scarcely any de- composition, and the distillate, which is of a yellow light-red colour, can be converted into a superior resin by oxidizing it with a current of hot air. Th.e resin produced by this oxidation of sludge oil is distinguished from all other known resins and resinous substances by its behaviour with different chemicals and solvents. It varies in colour from yellow to dark garnet red, according to the method of its production. It is hard, brittle, and odourless at ordinary temperatures, tasteless, insoluble, and not acted upon by water, soda, potassa, and ammonia, even when heated. Alcohol of 95 per cent dissolves but small quantities of this resin, even when boiled with it. Petroleum-naphtha dissolves it very quickly without the aid of heat, producing a varnish. Spirits of turpentine readily dissolves the melted resin, form- ing a varnish. Benzole, chloroform, and bisulphide of carbon all dissolve the resin, the solution being aided by warming. Ether and a mixture of ether and alcohol, in equal parts, quite readily dissolve it, but not so readily as pure ether. Linseed oil and olive oil dissolve the melted resin. A solution of the resin in linseed oil and spirits of turpentine forms an ' oil varnish.' Concentrated sulphuric acid dissolves it com- pletely; the resin separates again on adding water. Nitric acid attacks it violently and converts it into a brown tarry or gummy substance, having a pleasant, peculiar odour. Hydrochloric acid seems to have little or no action on it. It is well known that it has been proposed to use sludge oil as a paint oil, but this has not been attended with practical success. We do not wish to be understood, how- 200 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 r. C. E. Saunders, and from the Poultry Manager, Mr, A, G. Gilbert. From the Branch Experimental Farms there are reports from Mr. R. Robertson, Superintendent, and from Mr. TT. S. Blair, Horticulturist of the Experimental Farm for the Maritime Provinces, at Xappan, Nova Scotia ; from '}sIt. S. A. Bedford, Super- intendent of the Experimental Farm for Manitoba, at Brandon; from Mr. Angus Mackay, Superintendent of the Experimental Farm for the Xorth-west Territories, at Indian Head, and from Mr. Thomas A. Sharpe. Superintendent of the Experimental Farm for British Columbia, at xVgassiz. In these reports there will be found the results of many important and carefully conducted experiments in agriculture, horticulture and arboriculture, the outcome of practical and scientific work in the fields, barns, dairy and poultry buildings; the orchards and plantations at the several experimental farms; also of scientific research in con- nection with the breeding of cereals and in determining their relative value, also of research work in the chemical laboratories bearing on many branches of agricultural and horticultural employment and of information gained from the careful study of the life histories and habits of injurious insects and the methods by which noxious vvceds are propagated and spread, together with the most practical and economical measures for their destruction. In the report of tlie Entomologist and Botanist will 16— IJ 4 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 also be found particulars of the experiruents and observations which have been made during the past year in connection with the Apiary. The large and constantly increasing demand by the farmers of the Dominion for tho publications issued from the experimental farms, the rapidly extending correspon- dence and the readiness shown by farmers everywhere to co-operate with the work of the farms in the testing of new and promising varieties of cereals furnish gratifying evidence of the desire for information and improvement among this class of the com- munity, also of the high esteem in which the work of the farms is held. It is hoped that the facts brought together in the present issue will be found of much practical value to the Canadian farmer and fruit-grower, and that they may assist in advanc- ing agriculture and horticulture in this country. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, WM. SAUNDERS, Director of Experimental Farms. To the Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A- 1905 ANNUAL EEPORT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS EEPOET OF THE DIRECTOR, WIT. SAUNDERS, LL.D., E.R.S.C, F.L.S. The general results of farm work tliroiigliout tlie Dominiou, although not so uni- formly favourable as in some- other years, have on the whole been fairly satisfactory. The lengthened drought which prevailed in the Maritime Provinces during June and the greater part of July, reduced the hay crop considerably, leaving it from 20 to 30 per cent below the average. The grain, also, in most districts for the same reason gave lighter crops than usual, while pastures were seriously injured. In Quebec and Ontario the general conditions have been more favourable. The season, however, was cooler than usual, and although the rainfall in most places was sufficient, the crops did not make rapid growth. Owing to the severe winter, the fall wheat in "Western Ontario was much injured, and nearly one-fourth of the crop was ploughed up. The average yield of that harvested was considerably below the average of past years. Spring wheat gave a yield about equal to the average, while barley and oats gave excellent crops, considerably above the average returns. In hay, also, the crop was well above the average. In Manitoba the spring opened late; otherwise the season was favourable. Far- mers have, however, suffered from an unusual invasion of rust, which reduced the crops of wheat and oats in some districts, but this was not sufficiently general to materially affect the total crop, and the high price paid for wheat this year, together with the increased area under crop will probably more than make up for any loss from rust. Id. the Territories seeding was also late, with favourable weather until the middle of June, when a period of drought set in which continued until the middle of July. Then timely rains saved the grain from injury, but the straw was considerably shorter than usual. The wheat crop in the Territories will probably average higher than in Mani- toba, and the largely increased area there, together with the high prices realized, should materially assist in placing Territorial farmers in a very prosperous condition. The acreage now prepared for grain next season is much larger than in 1903, both in Mani- toba and the Territories, and the prospects for the future are bright. In the coast climate of British Columbia the rainfall in May, June and part of July was less than usual, but crops did not materially suffer. In the interior dis- tricts, where the rainfall is always light, the shortage this season reduced the grain yield in many localities below the average of past years. In carrying on the work of the Experimental Failns from year to year, persis- tent efforts are made to assist farmers with information in regard to the maintenance of the fertility of their land, its proper treatment, and in the selection of highly pror ductive seed of best quality; also to aid them generally in their endeavours to over- come difficulties which present themselves from time to time in the carrying on of 6 EXPElUlIEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD Vlt., A. 1905 fflrm work. These efforts have been much appreciated. The mass of new facts bearing on agriculture contained in this eighteenth annual report gives evidence of the skill and assiduity of the officers composing the staff of the Erperimental Farms, and of their untiring efforts to benefit the cause of agriculture. At all these institutions visiting farmers are always welcome, and those v/ho have an opportunity of personally inspecting the work in progress, after seeing its extent and its practical character, usually leave with a higher regard for the farms than they had before. Those who are unable to visit any of the farms can obtain, for the asking, the annual reports, in which the experiences gained at all the Experimental Farms are given, the perusal of which will give the reader, wherever he may be located, much information of prac- tical value. Bulletins also are issued from time to time on special subjects, and are supplied free in the same manner as the reports. THE BREEDING OF CEOSS-BPtED APPLES FOPw THE CANADIAN NORTH- WE ST. As soon as the branch experimen'tal farms were established in the Canadian North-west experiments were begun on a rather extensive scale with both large and small fruits, with the object of finding out what sorts could be successfully grown there. Hardy varieties of the apple received special attention on account of the general use- fulness of this fruit, and of its importance as a healthful article of diet. During the first eight or ten years more than two hundred of the hardiest sorts of cultivated apples obtainable in northern Europe and other northern countries were tlioroughly tested, both at Brandon and Indian Head. These were planted in considerable numbers, often from twenty to fifty trees of a kind, in shelter of different degrees and without shelter, but none of these have yet produced a single apple. Experiments are stiU being con- tinued with such new varieties as are announced from time to time as specially hardy, and thus far with similar negative results. In 1887, the year during which work on the Experimental Farms was begun, seed was obtained from the Imperial Botanic Gardens at St. Petersburg, Russia, of a small wild Siberian crab-apple known as the ' Berried Crab,' Pyrus haccata. This wild crab is jaid to grow in great abundance near tlie shores of the Baikal Sea, and in other parts of Northern Siberia, Young trees were raised from this seed, and some of them were sont to Brandon, Man., and some to Indian Head, N.W.T., and at both places they were found to be eritirely hardy. During a trial of fourteen or fifteen years the ' Ben-ied drab,' has never been injured by winter, and the trees have started from the terminal buds on the branches every season. Tliese trees have fruited abundantly for many years, but the fruit is small — not much larger than a cherry — astringent arxl acid, and sometimes bitter. It does, however, make excellent jelly, hence this fruit in its unim- proved form is found useful. It is also highly ornamental v/nen covered with blossom in the spring, or with its fruit in the autumn. The trees are rather dwarf in habit, low branched and strongly built, with the fruit very firmly attached to the tree. From their build and general character they are well adapted to resist the winds to which trees are exposed on the North-west plains. BEGINNING OF THE WORK OF CROSS-BREEDING. After four or five years' experience had tlioroughly established the character of this tree for extreme hardiness, efforts were made to improve the size and quality of the fruit by cross-fertilizing the flowers of Pi/n/5 iacca^a with pollen from many of the hardiest and best sorts of apples growu in Ontario. This work was begun in 1894, and has since been continued along several different lines. The seeds obtained from tlie first crosses were sown in the autumn of that year and germinated the following spring producing in all about IGG thrifty young trees. These were planted in the spring of 1896. Many of them grew very rapidly, and soon made shapely specimens. Tlie I REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 young trees resulting from subsequent experiments have been planted from year to year in orchards at Ottawa, Brandon and Indian Head. In 1899 thirty-six of the cross-bred apples first produced and grown at Ottawa fruited, and five of them were of such size and quality as to justify their being propagated for more general test. The fact that so many of these fruited on the fourth year from the sowing of the seed ia- dicates a very early bearing habit. Since then about two hundred more of these cross- bred apples have borne fruit, and the number of varieties worthy of extended cultiva- tion has been considerably increased. Hoot grafts of some of the more promising sorts were early made, and these have been tested some three or four years at each of th« North-western Experimental Farms, and have shown no indications of tenderness, even when planted in exposed situations. The cross-bred sorts grafted on the roots of Pyrus haccata have produced trees which so far as they have been, tried seem to be quite as hardy as the wild form of haccata^ and there is every reason to expect that they will I)rove generally hardy throughout the North-west country. EXPERIMEXTS WITH ' PYRUS PRUNIFOLIA.' In 1896 a series of crosses was begun on another sort of wild crab known as Fyrus prunifoiia. This is regarded by some authorities as a distinct species; by others it h believed to be a hybrid between P. malus, the wild crab of Europe, and P. haccata. Seeds of this form were also obtained from the Royal Botanic Gardens of St. Peters burgh, Russia. The fruit of P. prunifolia is usually larger than that of haccata, and will average nearly double the size. Its hardiness in the North-west has also been established by a test covering a number of years on both of the Experimental Farms, at Brandon and Indian Head. The first crosses with this species were made in 1890, and since then many new sorts have been originated. APPLES FROM WmCH POLLEN WAS USED. In the first crosses made on Pyrus haccata in 1894, pollen was used from the Tetofsky, Duchess and Wealthy apples, but since then pollen has been obtained from many other varieties of apples and used on P. haccata, P. prunifolia, or both, including Anis, Beautiful Arcade, Broad Green, Excelsior, Famense, Golden Russet, Haas, Herren, Krimskoe, Mcintosh Red, McMahon White, Osimoe, Pewaukee, Red Astra- chan, Ribston Pippin, Scott's Winter, Simbirsk No. 9, Swayzie Pomme Gris, Talman's Sweet, Winter St. Lawrence and Yellow Transparent. The number and variety of the crosses have thus been very much increased. About 800 of these cross-bred varieties have been produced, and between 200 nnd r>00 have fruited. While a large number have produced fruit of inferior quality, there have been obtained up to the present time 20 varieties in all, which from their superior size and quality may be regarded as useful for domestic purposes, and deserving of mc;re extended trial. VARIETIES PRODUCED. On plate I there are shown figures of Pyrus haccata (No. 1), and eight of the new cross-bred sorts of natural size, all produced from this species. The relative in- crease in the size of the cross-bred sorts is manifest to the eye. On weighing good average samples we find that the larger of these cross-bred apples are from 12 to 14 times heavier than P. haccata. 2. Alberta. Pyrus haccata with Haas. — Tree a strong grower and an abundant bearer. Fruit size 1*6 inches across, 1*4 inches deep, round somewhat flattened and slightly ribbed. Calyx persistent. Stem about half an inch long. Colour greenish yeP.ow with a bright red cheek. Flesh nearly white, juicy, slightly astringent (astrin- 8 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 goncy scarcely perceptible when fruit is ripe). Quality fair to good. Season last wceli in September to middle of October. 3. Silvia. P. baccata with Yellow Transparent. — Tree a strong grower and fair hearer. Fruit, size 1'4 inches across, 1*5 inches deep, fonn .somewhat pointed and ribbed. Calyx persistent. Stem J to i inch long. Colour pale yellow. Elesh of pleasant flavour, subacid, no astringency. Quality good. Ripe Aiigust 9 or 10, the earliest to rii^cn of all the cross-bred apples yet fruited. 4. Tony. P. haccata with McMahon White. Tree a strong grower and a heavy bearer. Fruit, size 1'6 inches across and 1'4' inches deep. Form round, somewhat ilaftened. Calyx persistent. Stem about '8 of an inch long. Colour greenish yellow, streaked and splashed with bright red, and with many yellowish dots. Flesh yellowish white, juicy, sprightly, subacid, slightly astringent, with a pleasant flavour. Quality good. Season late September and October. A gToup of specimens of this variety is sho\m on plate II. 5. Columbia. P. haccata with Broad Green.— Tree a very strong grower and a fair bearer. Fruit, size 1'8 inches across and 1'6 inches deep, somewhat conical, dis- tinctly ribbed. Calyx protruding and persistent. Stem of medium length. (Colour red with stripes and dots of a deeper shade. Flesh yellowish, lightly streaked witli red, juicy, subacid with a pleasant flavour, slightly astringent. Season late Septem- l)er and October. 6. Elsa. P. haccata with Yellow Transparent. — Tree a strong grower and goo 1 bearer. Fruit, size 1'4 inches across and 1"3 inches deep; nearly round, slightly ribbed. Calyx persistent on a slightly raised eminence, ribbed. Stem about an inch long, slender, but strong. Colour bright yellow. Flesh fiiie grained, tender, juicy, rather acid, but of pleasant flavour. Quality good. Season latter part of August. 7. Prince. P. haccata with Tetofsky. — Tree a strong grower and very productive. Fruit, size 1'6 inches across and 1"3 inches deep, nearly round. Calyx drops in many of the specimens. Stem 1 to 1^ inches in length. Colour bright red (of a deeper shade on the side exposed to the sun), with a few paler dots and streaks. Flesh nearly wbite, juicy, subacid, somewhat astringent (astringency lessens as the fruit ripens). Of a pleasant flavour. Ripe early in Setpember. 8. Jewel. P. haccata with Yellow Transparent. — Tree a strong grower and a good bearer. Fruit, size, 1*4 inches across and 1*3 inches deep, nearly round, slightly elon- gated. Calyx persistent, stem about 1^ inches long. Colour yellowish, with a pale red cheek. Flesh moderately finn, crisp, juicy, of good flavour, subacid with very little astringency. Quality good. Season, last week in August and early in September. 0. Rdbiu. P. haccata with Simbirsk Xc. 9. — Tree a good grower and a medium bearer. Fruit, size, 1*5 inches across and 1*4 inches deep; nearly round, strongly ribbed. Calyx large, persistent and projecting. Stem about 1 inch long, (^olour, yellow and retl. Flesh very firm, juicy, subacid with a slight astringency and a pleasant flavour. Quality good, one of the best. Season, latter part of August and September. 10. Charles. P. haccata with Tetofsky. — Tree a very upright and stroiig grower, with large leathery leaves, and a medium bearer. Fruit, size, 1*0 inches across and 1*5 inches deep; nearly round, slightly ribbed. Calyx i^ersistent. Stem rather long. Col- our a uniform yellow. Fk'sli yellowish, solid, crisp, juicy, with a plea.sant flavour, mildly acid and ."slightly astringent. Season, early in September. 11. Novelty. P. haccata with Wealthy. — Tree a vigorous grower with good foliage and fairly productive. Fruit, size, 1*6 inches across and 1*3 inches deep; nearly round, somewhat flattened at each end. Calyx persistent. St-em long and slender. Colour 1.— Pyrus Baccata. 2. — Alberta. 3.— Silvia. 8 4. -Tony. 5.— Columbia. 6.— Els A. 9 7. — Prince. 8.— Jewel. 9.— Robin. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 deep red. Flesh a pale yellowish pink, firm, crisp, juicy, subacid and of fair quality. Season, middle to end of September. 12. Progress. P. haccata with Wealthy. — Tree a vigorous grower, fairly upright iu habit and productive. Fruit, size, 1'4 inches across and 1'2 inches deep; nearly round, somewhat flattened at each end. Calyx persistent. Stem long and slender. Colour, red with some yellow and a dark red cheek. Fle^li very firm, crisp, sub-acid, juicy, very slightly astringent and of fair flavour. Season, middle of September. 13. Aurora. P. haccata with Tetofsky. — Tree a fair grower and productive. Fruit, size, 1*5 inches across and 1*2 inches deep; nearly round, somewhat ribbed- Calyx persistent. Stem long. Colour, bright red almost all over. Very handsome. Flesh crisp, juicy, acid and of fair flavour. Astringency very slight. Ripe September 6 to 12. 14. Dawn. P. prunifolia with Simbirsk No. 9. — Tree a good grower and fairly productive. Fruit, size, 1*8 inches across and 1*6 inches deep. Calyx persistent. Stem about half an inch long. Colour, red, of a deeper shade on the sunny side. Flesh firm, white, juicy, distinctly sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Quality good. Eipe Sep- tember 20 to 30. 15. Magnus. P. prunifolia with Simbirsk 'No. 9. — Tree a strong grower and a fair bearer. Fruit, size, 1*8 inches across and 1*7 inches deep; nearly round. Calyx per- sistent. Stem about half an inch long. Colour, orange and scarlet. Flesh firm, rather juicy but not crisp, subacid. Flavour aromatic, very slight astringent. Quality very good. One of the largest and best yet fruited of the cross-bred apples. Eipe September 20 to 30. 16. Manitou. P. haccata with McMahon White. — Tree a fair grower and produc- tive. Fruit, size, 1*5 inches across and 1*2 inches deep ; nearly round, distinctly ribbed- Calyx persistent, prominent, ribbed. Stem 1 to 1^ inches long. Colour yellow, almost covered with bright red, becoming deep red where exposed to the sun. Flesh nearly white, juicy, sprightly, subacid, with a pleasant flavour. Quality fair. Ripe, end of September. 17. Pioneer. P. haccata with Tetofsky. — Tree a strong grower and a good bearer. Fruit, size, 1*5 inches across and 1*3 inches deep; nearly round, slightly ribbed. Calyx persistent. Stem rather long. Colour, yellow with a pink cheek. Flesh white, fine- grained, firm, crisp, subacid, s-lightly astringent, moderately juicy, with a pleasant flavour. Season latter part of September and October. 18. Golden. P. prunifolia with Golden Russet. — Tree a fair grower, and quite productive. Fruit, size 1*5 inches across, 1*2 inch^ deep, round, somewhat flattened at the ends. Calyx persistent, in a shallow basin. Stem i inch long, rather stout. Colour bright yellow. Flesh fairly juicy, rather sweet, very slightly astringent. Qual- ity good. Ser.son last week in August and September. 19. Bow. P. haccata with Pewaukee. — Tree a fairly strong grower and productive. Fruit, size 1*5 inches across and 1*2 inches deep. Calyx persistent. Stem rather long. Colour bright yellow, with a faint tinge of red. Flesh yellowish white, crisp, juicy, mildly subacid, not astringent, of good flavour. Season late in September. 20. Kent, P. haccata with Mcintosh Red. — Tree a good grower and productive. Fruit 1*5 inches across and 1*3 inches deep, nearly round and ribbed about the calyx. Calyx persistent, and slightly projecting stem | to 1 inch long. Colour deep red, with an orange shade deeper in tint on the sunny side. Flesh yellowigh white, juicy, crisp, mildly subacid, slightly astringent and of fairly good flavour. Season end of Septem- ber to December. A group of specimens of this variety is shown on plate II. IQ EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 SUITABLE STOCKS FOR GRAFTING. To ensure hardiness in a fruit tree not only must the part exposed to the air be capable of enduring the cold weather of winter, but the root on which the variety is grafted must be equally hardy, otherwise the tree will often perish at the root while the wood above ground is plump and free from injury. Fortunately we have in this instance in the roots of the wild form of Pyrus haccaia a safe basis on which to work, and all of the young trees of the cross-bred apples which have been sent out for test from the Central Experimental Farm have been grafted or budded on this species. Some partial failures have occurred in grafting on this stock which have interfered with rapid distribution, and experience has shown that budding is to be preferred as a method of propagation in this instance. Having at the outset only one small tree to work with the number of grafts available must necessarily be limited, while probably three times the number of buds may be got from the same amount of wood. Not only does budding form a better union with the stock, but it also admits of the trees being multiplied more rapidly. METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION OF THESE CROSS-BRED FRUITS FOR FURTHER TEST. Supplies of all these different sorts are sent first to the Experimental Farms at Brandon and Indian Head, where orchards of considerable size are being established. These fruits are also being tested at many different points in Manitoba and the North- west Territories, and at a few places in northern Ontario. To determine their hardi- ness on the North-west plains it is essential that they be tried in many localities from the eastern boundaries of the plains, where the altitude is comparatively low, to the foothills of the Kocky Mountains, where the elevation above sea-level is much greater. The question of altitude has a most important bearing on the hardiness of fruit trees. For several years a list has been in course of preparation, on which have been entered from time to time the names of settlers who take a special interest in the grow- ing of trees and shrubs. From this list a number of names were chosen, distributed over a wide area, seldom taking more than one or two in each district. In this way about 200 locations were selected, the extreme points of variation in elevation ranging from Y40 to 4,200 feet. Having corresponded with these parties and received assur- ance that any young trees sent them would be carefully looked after, the first distribu- tion was made in 1902, when four one-year old trees (one tree each of four different sorts) were sent to each person. In the spring of 1903 a second package was sent to the same individuals containing two additional varieties of cross-bred apples, so that at each of these points six of those young trees have been received. Reports have come in from all those whe have received the trees, and in almost every instance they are reported as entirely hardy, having stood the winters to wliich they have been exposed without injury, and as a rule made rapid growth. It is scarcely probable that any of these young trees will fruit in 1905> but in the following year it is likely that many of them will bear apples, when the interest in this work will be very much increased. OTHER LINES OF WORK UNDERTAKEN. Another line of work in producing new apples was begun two years ago in cross- ing Pyrus malus, the wild apple of Europe, with some of our best apples. This fruit is about an inch in diameter to start with and of fair quality. A hardy form of this tree has been secured, which has stood several winters at Brandon and Indian Head without injury; and with this during the past two seasons a number of crosses have been made. Many of the best of the crosses produced on F. haccaia and P. pninifolia have been recrossed, thus introducing a second quota of the blood of the larger apple., vvith REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 the hope of obtaining fruits of larger size. How far tliis can be carried witliout inducing tenderness can only be determined by experiment. The first one-year old trees produced by this method wore planted in the orchard at Ottawa in the sprinn- of 1904. A very large number of young trees has been raised within the past five years from seed saved from the best of the named cross-bred sorts, and this work is being rapidly extended. ]Many hundreds of these seedlings have been planted, chiefly in orc"hards on the western Experimental Farms. Some of these have already fruited, and among them several new sorts of promise have appeared. In raising trees from the seeds of these cross-breds, a large proportion of them will probably sport towards the female parent, P. haccata, and produce fruit of an inferior quality, while a small pro- portion will be likely to inherit more fully the qualities of the male, which would result in larger and better fruit. What proportion will show improvement in this direction can only be determined by growing them, but if only one good variety in a considerable number be had, the inferior ones can all be grafted with the good variety, and time thus saved in building up an orchard. Many seedlings have also been raised of the Martha, Snyder and other crabs, and several of the seedlings of Martha grown at the Experimental Farm at Brandon have borne fruit of good size and quality, and have thus far been quite hardy. Of these seedlings, Maggie and ISTo. 309 are among the most promising, and these are being propagated for more extended trial. Including the products from all these different methods of working there are now more than 700 different sorts growing on the Experimental Farm at Ottawa, about 1,200 on the farm at Brandon, and about 650 at Indian Head. There are also the 1,200 trees which have been referred to as growing at 200 different localities in the North-west country. Grafts of a number of these new seedlings have been sent to some of the loading nurseries in Canada and the opportunity thus afforded of growing stock to meet such demand for these fruits as may arise. The lines of work in progress may be thus summarized : — 1. The producing of a large number of hybrids by crossing P. haccafa and P. prunifolia with a large number of the best sorts of cultivated apples. 2. The carrying on of similar work with a hardy strain of Pyrus mains, the wild crab of Europe. 3. The growing of a large number of trees from seed obtained from the best of the named cross-bred sorts. 4. The producing of a series of second crosses by which the best of the first pro- duced cross-breds will receive another portion of the blood of the larger fruits. 5. The careful testing of evei^ new seedling, or cross-bred fruit, from any and every source, where, associated with acceptable size and quality, there is promise of hardiness. By persevering along the lines indicated there is little doubt that within a very few years a number of varieties of apples will be available, possessing that hardiness, size and quality which will commend them to the settlers in all those portions of the northern country where ordinary apples under average conditions cannot be grown. The success thus far achieved is most encouraging, and doubtless greater triumphs in the future will reward persistent effort. CO-OPERATIVE EXPERIMENTS BY CANADIAN FARMERS. The assistance rendered to Canadian farmers by the distribution of samples of seed of high quality for the improvement of crops haa been continued^ and the work 12 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 higUy appreciated. Farmers everjTvliere have gladly undertaken to co-operate with the Experimental Farms in the endeavour to ascertain tae relative merits in earliness, pro- ductiveness and quality of the different varieties under trial, when grown under the diflFerenfc climatic conditions which prevail in the several provinces and territories of the Dominion. During 1904 more than 37,000 farmers joined in these co-operative tests. A large number of reports have been received in which many have expressed their gratitude for the efforts made in their behalf, and their appreciation of the great value of this work. The samples of wheat and barley sent to each applicant have weighed five pounds each, and those of oats four pounds, sufficient in each case to sow one-twentieth of an acre. The samples of Indian com, pease and potatoes have weighed three pounds each. The samples sent from the Central Experimental Farm during the early months of 1904 have been distributed as follows : — DISTRIBUTION BY PROVINCES. m 1— 1 C3 'S JA -ield of crops from the beginning, adding the results for the current year, and then giving the average yield for the full time. These tests were undertaken on virgin soil, on a piece of land which was cleared for the purpose. For particulars regarding the clearing and preparing of the land for crop in 1887-88 and its subseq[uent treatment, the reader is referred to the earlier issues of thiij report. OBJECT IN VIEW IN CONDUCTING THESE EXPERIMENTS. In establishing and conducting this series of experiments, the object in view has been to gain information as to the effects produced by certain fertilizers and combina- tions of fertilizers on particular crops. They were never intended to serve as model test plots such as farmers could copy with advantage in their general practice. On the contrary, to gain the information desired, it has been found necessary to use some fer- tilizers in unusual quantities, and in other instances to more or less exhaust the soil by a succession of crops of the same sort, practices which in ordinary farming would be extravagant or detrimental. From this long conducted series of tests much useful information has been gained, which appeals to the mind with greater force as experience accumulates from year to year. VALUABLE INFORMATION GAINED. These trials have shown that barn-yard manure can be most economically used in the fresh or unrotted condition; that fresh manure is equal, ton for ton, in crop-pro- ducing power to rotted manure, which, other experiments have shown, loses during the process of rotting about GO per cent of its weight. In view of the vast importance of making the best poesible use of barn-yard manure, it is difficult to estimate the value of this one item of information. Wlien these experiments were planned, the opinion was veiy generally held that untreated mineral phosphate, if very finely ground, was a valuable fertilizer, which gradually gave up its phosphoric acid for the promotion of plant growth. Ten years' experience has shown that mineral phosphate, untreated, is of no value as a fertilizer. The use of sulphate of iron, which at the time these tests were begun, was highly recommended, as a menns of producing increased crops, has also been proven to be of very little value for this purpose. Common salt, which has long had a reputation with many farmers for its value as a fertilizer for barley, while others disbelieved in its efficacy, lias been shown to be a most valuable agent for producing an increased crop of that grain, while it is of much less use when applied to crops of spring wheat or oats. Land plaster or gypsum has also proven to be of some value as a fertilizer for barley, while of very little service for wheat or oats. Some light has also been thrown on the relative usefulness of single find combined fertilizers. 16— 2i 20 EXFERIMEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 CHANGES MADE IN THE EXPEKIMEXTS. After ten years' experience had demonstrated that finely-ground, untreated mineral phosphate was of no value as a fertilizer, its use was discontinued in 1898. Prior to this it had been used in each set of plots in Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, in all the different series of plots, excepting roots. In 1S98 and 1899, similar weights of the Thomas' phosphate were used in place of the mineral phosphate, excepting in plot 6 in each series. In this plot the Thomas' phosphate was used in 1898 only. After constant cropping for ten or eleven years, it was found that the soil on those plots to which no barn-yard manure had been applied was much depleted of humus, and hence its power of holding moisture had been lessened ,and the conditions for plani; growth, apart from the question of plant food, had on this account become less favour- able. In 1899 the experiments were modified and an effort made to restore some pro- portion of the humus and at the sajne time gain further information as to the value of clover as a collector of plant food. In the spring of that year ten pounds of red clover seed per acre was sown with the grain on all the plots of wheat, barley and oats. The young clover plants made rapid growth, and by the middle of October there was a thick mat of foliage varying in height and density on the different plots, which was ploughed under. In 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903 and 1904, clover was again sown on all the grain plots, and was ploughed vmder in October. In 1900 and 1901 a good growth of clover was obtained, but in 1902 a severe frost in the spring destroyed a large proportion of the young plants, so that the crop available for ploughing under in the autumn was very light. In 1903 and 1904 the crop of clover ploughed under in the autumn was fairly good. AFPLICATIGX OF FERTILIZERS DISCONTKUED. Another direction in which information was sought was in reference to the length of time which a liberal application of barn-yard manure would continue to affect subse- quent crops, and in 1899 on plots 1, 2 and 6 the barn-yard manure, which had been used for ten or eleven years in succession, was discontinued. The phosphate fertilizer was also omitted on plot 6 in each series. In 1900 all the fertilizers on all the plots were discontinued, and since then the same crops have been grown on all these plots from year t-o year without fertilizers, sowing clover with the grain each season. In this way some information has been gained as to the value of clover as a collector of plant food, and also as to the unex- hausted values of the different fertilizers which have been used on these plots since the experiments were begun. SPECIAL TREATMENT OF PLOTS OF INDL\N CORN AND ROOTS. As it was not practicable to sow clover with the Indian corn and root crops, the sowing of these latter crops was discontinued in the spring of 1900 and clover sown in their place in tlie proportion of 12 pounds per acre. The clover on these plots made strong growth, so strong as to necessitate twice cutting during the season, the cut clover being left on the ground in each case to decay and add to the fertility of the soil. The clover was left over for further growth in the spring of 1901, and ploughed under for the roots about May 10, and for corn about the middle of that month. Then roots and Indian corn were again sown. In 1902 crops of Indian corn and roots were grown on these plots, but in 1903 the land was again devoted to clover. WHEAT PLOTS. The SG-ed sovm on each of these plots from the beginning has been in the propor- tion of li bushels per acre, excepting in 1894; and the varieties used were as follows:^ Ix'EPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 In 1SS8 to 1S91, White Eus^^iaii. and in 1S92-3, Campbell's White Chaff. In 1894, the Rio Grande wheat was used, when, owing to lack of germinating power in the seed, a larger quantity was required. From 1895 to 1904 inclusive, Red Fife wheat was used in the u^ual quantitj- of li bushels per acre. In 1904 the Red Fife was sown ]\ray G, and was ripe August 18. TABLE I. EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF WHEAT. Fertilizers applied each year from 1888 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1899 and each year since with the grain and ploughed under in the autumn. AvEKAGE Yield FOB Sixteen Yeaks. 17th Season, 1904. Avekage Yield Variety, for Red Fife. .Seventeen Yeaes Yield of Grain. Per acre. Bush. lbs. l;B;\rn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow I manure) well rott€Ki, 12 tons per acre in 1888 ; 15 tons per acre each year after to 1898 inclusive. No manure has been I applied since then 2| Barn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow manure) fresh, 12 tons per acre in 1888 ; 15 tons per acre each year after to 1898 inclusive. No manure has been applied since then Unmanured from the beginning Mineral phosphate, untreated, finelyground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 a similar weight of the Thomas' phosphate was used. No fertilizers have been applied ( since then 5:ilineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1893 and 1899, 500 hs. of the Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been ap- plied since then Barn-yard manure, partly rotted and ac- tively fermenting, six tons per acre ; mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. per aci'e, composted to- gether, intimately mixed and allowed to heat for several days before using,applied each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898, 500 lbs. of Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground. 500 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1890, 500 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been ap- plied since then 22 2.SH 38H 37" 12 ih 12 58t 19 22/^ 13 38i% Yield of Straw. Per acre Yield of Grain. Yield of Straw. Per acre. Lbs. iEush. lbs 4,022 4,053 1,978 2,107 2,773 3,317 26 20 26 10 13 10 17 40 19 Per acre Lbs. 2,750 2,880 1,290 1,250 1,190 Yield of Grain. Yield of Straw. Per acre. Bush. lbs. 22 3715 22 50 11 42^^ 12 23t4 13 191S Per acre 21 10 2,607 17 40 2,510 2,310 19 28JH 13 52i^ Lbs. 3,947 3,985 1,937 2,05G 2,G80 3,270 2,590 22 EXPERIMENTAL FARilB 4-5 EDWARD VM., A. 1905 TABLE I.— EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF WHEAT— Concluded. Fertilizers applied each year from 1338 to 1893 or 1899. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1899 and each j-ear since with the grain and ploughed under in the autumn. Average Yield FOB Sixteen Years. Yield of Grain. Per acre. I Bush. lbs. 10 11 14 Yield of Straw. 17th Season, 1904. Variety, Red Fife. Average Yield FOR Seventeen' Year^s. Yipld of Grain. Yield of Straw. Per acrei Per acre. I Per acre 34^ 27A 2m 15 26B 14 15 15 'i3H 13 m 12 50H 13 12 475% 16A Lbs. 2,218 1,986 2,953 2,900 1,943 8 Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,. 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 18SS and 1899, 500 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then 11 9'Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 in- clusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then 1- Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 3501 bs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1838 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . . 13 Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 350 lbs., nitrate of soda, 209 lbs.; wood ashes, un-| leached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year! from 1833 to 1897 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then ! 14 Un;nanured from the beginning 10 Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then.. 12 42^: 2,103 Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs.; wood ashes unleached, 1,-500 lbs. per acre; used 'each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . 15 Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1388 to 1899 inclusive. No I fertilizers have been applied since then. . 16 Muriate of potash, 150 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1838 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . . 17 Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1388 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . 18 Sulphate of iron, 60 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . lOjCommon salt (Sodium chloride), 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1883 to 1899 in- clusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then ' 20 Land plaster or gypsmn (Calcium sulphate), 30O lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then 21 Mineral superphosphate, No. 2, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been used since then 13 2,6S1 2,495 Bush. lbs. 1,667 1,989 1,984 16 40 15 20 13 40 14 10 l.-^ 10 Yield of Grain. Yield of •Straw. Per acre. Per acre 14 20 17 .. 16 .. 2,232 j 14 30 1 2,432 13 40 2,019 13 30 15 40 12 50 12 30 Lbs. Bush. lbs. 2,390 11 50 2,250 2,640 2,270 1,400 12 33 tV 13 23 14 231* 2,863 10 41^V 1,911 1.770 12 47}4 1,840 2,100 2,280 2,030 15 32/7 14 21fT 15 39i? 12 53iV 1,470 1 13 54^ 1,600 12 53H 1,530 ; 13 131? Lbs. 2,226 2,002 2,935 2,033 2,6.32 2,472 2,282 3,170 13 3Jf 2,475 2,020 1,655 1,966 1,960 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 BAELEY PLOTS. The quantity of seed sown per acre on the barley plots was 2 bushels in 1889 to 1891, 1^ bushels in 1892 and 1S93, and 2 bushels from 1891 to 1904, inclusive. Two- rowed barley was used for seed throughout until 1902, when Mcnsury, a six-rowed sort, was tried. The varieties used were a.s follows: 1889 to 1891, Saale; 1892, Goldthorpe; 1893, Duck-bill; and in 1894 to 1901, Canadian Thorpe, a selected form of the Duck- bill. Since 1902 Mensury has been sown. In 1904 it was sown May G, and was har- vested on July 30. TABLE II. EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF BARLEY. Fertilizers applied each year from 1389 to 1S98 or 1899. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1899 and each ye^r since with the grain and ploughed under in the autumn. Average Yield I 16th Season, 1904. I'QVi I Variety, Fifteen Ye.vrs. i I*.Iex3Urt. Yield of Grain. Per acre. Yield of Straw. Average Yield FOR Sixteen- Year>*. Yield of Grain. Yield of Straw. Yield of Grain. Per acre! Per acre. 'Per acre' Per acre. Bush. lbs. Barn-yard manure, well rotted, 15 tons peri acre each year to 1893, inclusive. No! maniu-e has been applied since then i 35 25/; Barn-yard manure, fresh, 15 tons per acre; each year to 1898, inclusi%-e. No manure^ has been applied since then I 35 li\^\ 3 Unmanured from the beginning • 14 2Sf|| 4] Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, ! | 500 lbs. per acre, used each year fromj 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1S98 and 1S99 a similar weight of the Thomas' phosphate was used. No fertilizers have been appli- ed since then 15 44^5 5j Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely groimd, 500 lbs., nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1883 to 1897, in- clusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate v/as used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then 21 lOiV Bam-yard manure, partly rotted and ac- tively fermenting, 6 tons per acre ; mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre composted to- gether, intimately mixed and allowed to heat for several days before using, appliedi each J" ear from 1888 to 1S97. inclusive. In 1898 500 lbs._ of the Thomas' phos- ph£.te was used in place of the mineral xAosphate. No fertilizers have beeni applied since then 28 25^ Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely gi-ound, 500 lbs. nitrate of .soda, 200 lbs.; wood' ashes, unleached. 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 and 1899, 500 lbs. of the Thomas" phosphate was used in place of the min- eral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then 26 12J|' Lbs. 3,060 3.234 1,537 1,510 2,219 Bush. lbs. Lbs. I Bush. lbs. 2.396 2,377 42 41 16 17 44 22 14 35 10 2,860 2,650 1,430 1,660 1,800 2,720 S5 35 14 Yield of Straw. Per aero 16 2,V 21 ISA 29 3H 2,700 1 26 39}^ L}«. 3,017 .3,188 1,539 1,519 2,193 2,416 2,401 24 EXPERIMENTAL FARML 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 TABLE IT.— EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF BARLEY- Cortc/«er acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Unmanured from the beginning Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1883 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Muriate of potash, 150 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. 17 Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . Sulphate of iron, 60 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Common salt (Sodium chloride) 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 188S to 1899 in- clusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Land plaster or gj^sum (Calcium sulphate), 300 lbs. per acre, used each ye^r from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then Mineral superphosphate. No. 2, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been ap- plied since then 10 11 14 15 16 18 19 a> n Yield of Straw. Yield of Grain. Yield of Straw. 21 37 21 26i\ 28 4 27 H. 14 12A 15 15 34 Ih 22 m 22 4011 19 lOj-'j 18 4}it 27 19 20 24 21 9A Lbs. 1,835 1,729 2,359 2,481 1,223 1,421 2,089 2,270 1,859 1,933 1,650 1,892 1,591 Per acre. Per acre Bush. lbs. 35 30 28 46 25 40 32 14 17 24 21 22 27 34 19 8 23 36 19 38 20 .. Average Yield. FOR Sixteen Years. Yield I Yield of of Grain. Straw. Per acre. Lbs. Bush. lbs. 2,070 1,2S0 1,770 2,170 1,420 1,560 22 30f*g 22 0i% 27 45i<; Per acre 2,630 24 12 ,"5 1,530 1,430 1,450 1,290 21 46^ 22 431^ 19 17H 18 47iJ 23 26 1,510 27 7j^ 1,808 22 34 1,780 20 30}g Lbs. 1,850 1,701 2,322 27 17t^„: 2,402 14 22i^! 1,240 15 3.3Ai 1,430 2,123 2,224 1,832 1,903 1,033 1,603 1,770 I 24 IS I 1,580 21 19,-^ 1,758 REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 OAT PLOTS. The quantity of seed sown per acre on the oat plots was 2 bushels in 1889 and 1890; lA bushels in 1891 to 1893, and 2 bushels from 1894 to 1904, inclusive. The varie- ties used were as follows: In 1889, Early English; in 1890 to 1893, Prize Cluster; and from 1894 to 1904, inclusive, the Banner. In 1904 Banner was sown April 22 and the plots were harvested August 17. TABLE III-- EXPERt.MEXTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF OATS. Average Yield 16th Season, 1904. Fertilizers applied each year from 1SS9 toj 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers usod since. Clover sown In 1899 and each year since] with the grain and ploughed under in thej autumn. I for Fifteen Years. Variety, Eaxnee. Yield of Grain. Per acre. Yield of Straw. Yield of Grain. Yield of Straw Per acre Per acre. I'er acre Average Yield for Sixteen Years. Yield of Grain. Per acre. Yield of Straw. Per acre Bush. lbs. I Lbs. iBush. Ibs.i Lbs. I Bush, lbs Barn-yard manure, well rotted, 15 tons perf acre each year to 1898, inclusive. No| manure has been applied since then 51 ll^g Barn-yard manure, fresh, 15 tons per acrej each year to 1898, inclusive. No manure! has been applied since then i 55 17/5 ■ 34 im 3 Unmanured from the beginning. . . 4 Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 a similar weight of the Thomas' phos- phate was used. No. fertilizers have been applied since then Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897, in- clusive. In 1898 and 1899, 500 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then Barn-yarn manure, partly rotted and ac- tively fermenting, 6 tons per acre ; min- eral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, composted together, in- timately mixed and allowed to heat for eeveral days before using, applied each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 500 lbs. of Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . Mineral phosphate,untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. ; nitrate of .soda, 200 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1808 and 1899, 500 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the min- eral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then 8 Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached. 1,500 lbs. per acre used each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 and 1899, 500 lbs. oi the Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then . . •iMineral superphosphate. No. 1, .'>00 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been used since then 34 2&i| 48 25fs 48 5^ 49 43 22/1 38 ^is 3,226 3,368 1,715 1,844 2,661 2,738 3,143 2,498 57 12! 3,040 58 18 3,110 42 12 2,660 51 el 26 10 58 28: 2,450 60 3C 2,850 63 18 58 18 2,800 2,900 1.9761 50 lOi 2,340 38 31 ^^^^ 1,999 51 24/^ 55 23i| 34 281^5 35 2711 49 1211 48 32^ 49 131^ 44 19ig Lbs. 3,214 3,352 1,774 1,892 2,648 2,745 3,121 2,523 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EXPERIMENTS WITH EERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF OXTS— Continued. Ph Average Yield FOR Fifteen Years. Fertilizers applied each year, from 1839 to. 1808 or 1899. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1899 and each year since Yield with the grain and ploughed under in of the autumn. Grain. 16th Sbason, 1904. Variety, Banner. Yield of Straw. Yield of Grain. Yield of Straw. Per acre. AvKRAC-K Yield FOR Sixteen Year3. Yield of Grain. Yield of Stra^v. I I Per acre Per acre. |Per acre: Per acre. iPer acre i Bush. lbs. Lbs. Bush. lbs. 10 Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 350 lbs. ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1883 to 1399, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then , ^ 11 Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 350 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs.; wood ashes, un- leached, 1,500 Ibs.per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. No fertil- izers have been applied since then 12 Unmanured from the beginning 13 Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used! each year from 1883 to 1899 inclusive. No! fertilizers have been applied since then. . 14iBone, finely ground, 500 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each! year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No: fertilizers have been applied since then. . | 15' Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each; I year from 1888 to 1890, inclusive. No: fertilizers have been applied since then. . ' IG Muriate of potash, 150 lbs. per acre, usedj each year from 1898 to 1899 inclusive. Noj j fertilizers have been applied since then . . ! 17 Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, used I each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then . . 18 Sulphate of iron, GO lbs. per acre, used each; I year from 1888 to 1809, inclusive. No' fertilizers have been applied since then. . 19|Common salt (Sodium chloride), 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1838 to 18fi9, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then 20 Land plaster or gypsum (Ualcium sulphate), 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then 21 Mineral superphosphate, No. 2, 500 lbs per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizers have been ap- plied since then. 46 32 39 ..TF 23 28,^1 2,680 2,427 1,426 34 28^5 2,023 41 18H I 47 6 39 5H 45 13tV 39 —\l 38 15 34 32 35 17 2,297 2,746 2,218 2,794 1,985 1,929 1,966 1,859 54 24 37 32 25 .. 46 26 50 20 43 28 54 24 54 4 47 32 53 23 46 26 51 26 Lbs. Bush, lbs. 2,1.30 2,650 1,540 1,730 2,350 47 14tV Lbs. 2.645 38 31H 2,441 23 30^1 j 1.433 35 19H 41 3H 2,480 j 46 32^1 2,210 I 40 4i^ 2,340 2,630 2,690 45 32fg 39 im 39 13B 2,610 35 23^5 2,580 2,0i'>5 2,3G0 2,729 2,217 2,766 2,025 1,970 2,0i>0 36 17^ 1,'.'04 The one-tenth acre plots of wheat, barley and oats had by the end of 1903 become infested with several troublesome perennial weeds, hence it was thought best to sow only one-half of each plot with grain in 1904, devoting the other half to a hoed crop to clean it. On this account no clover was sown on any of the cereal plots in 190-4, and one-half of the wlie»t plots was sown with mangels, one-half of the barley plots with potatoes, and one-half of the oat plots with carrots, computing the yields of grain from a one-twentieth acre plot in each case. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 INDIAN CORN PLOTS. The experiments with the plots of Indian corn have been conducted with the object of obtaining the largest weight of well matured green fodder for the silo, and to have the corn so far advanced when cut, tha!t the ears shall be as far as is practicable in the late milk or glazed condition. Each plot has been divided from the outlet into two equal parts, on one of which — known as No. 1 — one of the stronger growing and some- what later ripening sorts has been tried, and on the other, marked No. 2, one of the earlier maturing varieties. During the first four years one of the Dent varieties was tested under No. 1. The Mammoth Southern Sweet was tried in 1838 to 1890. In 1891 the Red Cob Ensilage was used, and in 1892 to 1902 the Rural Thoroughbred WTiite Flint was tested. On the other half of the plot (No. 2) the Canada Yellow Flint was used in 1883 to 1890, the Thoroughbred White Flint in 1891, Pearce's Pro- lific in 1892 to 1894, and the Mammoth Eight-Rowed Flint in 1S95 to 1902. For the first four years the No. 1 series was planted in drills 3 feet apart, using about 24 pounds of seed to the acre and thinning the plants, when up, to 6 or 8 inches, and the No. 2 in hills 3 feet apart each way with 4 or 5 kernels in a hill. During the past seven years both sorts have been grown in hills. In 1900 no crop of Indian corn was grown on these plots, but clover was sown in. its place on May 5 in the proportion of 12 pounds per acre. This made a strong growth, was cut twice during the season and left on the ground to decay, so that when ploughed under, the land might get the full benefit of the clover crop. The clover was allowed to remain growing until May 20, 1901. It was then ploughed under about 6 inches deep, and harrowed well before the com was planted. Clover was sown again in 1903, and ploughed under in May, 1904. The corn was planted in 1904, on June 6, and cut r nr ensilage September 26. ]^XPEFvIMEXTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF INDIAN CORN, CUT GREEN FOR ENSILAGE. Fertilizers applied each year from 1888 to 1S98 or'lS'JO. No fertilizers used since. Clover sown in 1900 in place of th^ corn and ploughed under in May, 1901, before the corn was planted. In 1903 clover was again sown and ploughed under in May, 1904. Barn-yard manvire (mixed horse and cow manure) well rotted, 12 tons per acre, each year from 1883 to 1893 inclusive. No manure has been applied since then. . Barn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow manure) fresh, 12 tons per acre each year from 1888 to 1898 inclusive. No manure has been applied since then F^nmanured from, the beginning ^tineral pliosphate,untreated, finely ground, 800 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 a similar weight of the Thomas' phos- phate was used. No fertilizers have been applied since then Average Yield FOR FousTEE.v Years. Per acre. -g ^-c Per acre 15th Season, 1904. AvEKAGE Yield KOR Fifteen Yeae.9. •U s 551; ?5 -^^^ « jj I 550 . 1^ ^s. Per acre. Per acre; Per acre. Per acre Tons. lbs. Tons lbs 'Tons lbs. Tons lbs Tons lbs. Tons lbs 16 757 627 28 13 107 11 941 5 209 IG 1,480 14 C40 1G 804 13 .332 16 130 9 1,600 13 24013 594; 9 1,170' 7 399: 11 1,161 5 8-26 1,749] 4 1,84413 540.13 40 8 468 5 924 28 EXrERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF INDIAN CORS- Continued. Fertilizers applied each year, from 1SS8 to 1898 or lS9y, No fertilizers used siuce. Clover sown in 1900 in place of the com and ploughed under in May, 1901, before the com was planted. In 1903 clover was again sovrn and ploughed under in Mav, 1904. Average Yield FOR FovRTEKN Years. CuT f4 %^ Per acre. 5 T) Per acre 15th Season, 1904. is TJ O ; bc43 » ;^ a teg Per acre. 16 49311 1,861 49911 355 5:Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground. 800 lbs., nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each vear from 1SS8 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899, SOO lbs. of the Thomas^ phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then 11 703 6 Barn-j'ard manure, partly rotted and ac- tively fermenting, 6 tons per acre; mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500 lbs. ijer acre, composted together, intim- ately mixed and allowed to heat for several days before using, applied each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusi\e. In 1898 500 lbs. of Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied siuce then . . Mineral phosphate,untreated,finely ground, 500 lbs. ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Thomas' phos phate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been ap- plied since then 115 Mineral phosphate,untieated,finely ground, 500 lbs., wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs., per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate was used in jjlace of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers have been applied since then 12 9 Minenil superphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 in- clusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then 11 10 Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 350 lbs. ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each I year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No ! fertilizers have been applied since then. . 11 Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 350 lbs. ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 18S8 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers have been applied since then. . 12,Unmanured from the beginning 13 Bone, finely ground. 500 lbs. per acre, used I each year from ISSS to 1899 inclusive. No I fertilizers have been ai>)jlied since then. . 14, Bone, finely ground, .500 lbs. ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,-500 lbs. per acre, used each I year from 1SS8 to 1899 inclu. J3 a •* > a 3 IP S 3 i.2 lis d '6 ',2 c o 1 e3 O a O 1 e3 s.s T3 5 .a fco 1 1 > + B u 0 1 £1-1 a 0 0 0 „• •-1 a 11 3st of Food for 1 if such a meal r were fed. •0 « i,ving in 1 year by ing such grain r rather than puro ( O < § W 0 < « O < ^^ > > D a CO , Lbs. Cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. 1 1,488 Bran . . Oats. . . . 1 . 1 Oat hay. 680 580 17 141 1,495 7 + 22 8 SO 80 30 S9 OG 8 76 2 1,604 Bran . . Oats. . . . 1 . 2 .. .. 800 7G0 20 19 1,601 3- 27-98 11 19 102 12 111 83 9 71 3 1,685 Bran . . Oats. . . . 2 . 1 II 800 700 20 17i 1,649 36— 24-77 8 91 90 41 109 94 19 53 4 1,669 Oats. . . II 800 760 20 19 1,663 6~ 30-65 12 26 111 87 111 87 6 1,65G Oil meal 1 II 680 740 17 ISi 1,622 34- 27-22 10 89 99 35 98 10 1.25 loss Oats. . . .10 C 1,673 Bran.. . 2 II 800 620 20 151 1,624 49- 28-61 11 44 104 46 107 38 2 92 Oil meal 1 Oats. . . .10 48 EXPERIMENTAL FARM3 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Group 1, on bran and oats equal parts, seemed to like their ration and did very veil on it during tlie 40 days, making a gain of 7 lbs. each in that time. This is a meal mixture that may safely be fed by any owner of heavy horses, as they are practically certain to do well on it. It is much better adapted for feeding with timothy hay than is a ration of pure oats. Where bran was valued at $16 per ton and ground oats at $24, there would be a saving of $8.76 in the cost of feeding a horse for one year as compared with feeding pure oats. Group 2, on bran 1 part and oats 2 parts, did very well on their ration and seemed to relish it. Group 3, on bran 2 parts and oats 1 part, seemed fond of the meal mixture, but did not like the oat hay and consequently lost somewhat in weight. When timothy hay was substituted for the oat hay, however, this group came up in weight and did &s well as any of the others. This mixture may be recommended as a good meal ration for working horses and is certainly very economical in comparison with pure oats, since there would be a saving of $19.53 in the year by feeding such a ration instead of an equal weight of pure oats. Group 4, on pure oats did very well. Their ration, however, while not any heavier than that of several other groups cost 30'65 cents for the day or 2 cents more than the next most expensive. Group 5, on oil meal 1 part, and oats 10 parts, seemed to enjoy their food but succeeded in losing 34 lbs. each in weight. Oil meal is usually found to give very good results and even in this case seemed to help keep the horses in good health and spirits. The price was against it, however, as it was found to have raised the cost of the ration slightly above what it would have been had pure oats been fed. Group 6, on bran 2 parts, oil meal 1 part, and oats 10 parts, would be considered by most horsemen as being an ideal ration. They lilced the meal very much but did not care for the oat hay. As soon as put on timothy hay they started to recover in weight very rapidly. Even though bran constituted such a small portion of the ration it more than overcame the extra cost of the oil meal and there was a slight saving over what would have been the cost had pure oats been fed, viz. : $2.92 in one year. All the horses were on general farm work. Sometimes one team would for a few days be put at harder work than the others but things were fairly equal. The oat hay had been cut a little on the ripe side and was not very palatable. A glance at the following table will show how the groups were affected by the change to timothy hay. BR.VX FEEDIXG EXPEROiEXT — TIMOTHY HAY. Group. Average weight when starting oat hay, Sept. 25. Average weight when finishing oat hay, Nov. 4. Loss — or Gain + while on oat hay 40 days. Average weight 10 days after being fed on timothy hay. Average gain in 10 daj's after change from oat hay to timothy hay. Meal Ration. Lbs. Lbs. Lbi». Lbs. Lbs. 1 1,488 1,495 7 + 1,507 12 Bran 1, oats 1. 2 1,604 1,601 3— 1,628 27 Bran 1, oats 2. 3 1,685 1.649 36- 1,668 17 Bran 2, oats 1. 4 1,669 1,583 6- ' 1,674 11 Oats. 5 1,656 1,622 34— i.es."? 11 Oil meal 1, oats 10. 6 1,673 1,624 49— 1,656 32 Bran 2, oil meal 1, oats 10. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FEEDI.VG nOOTS AXD ENSILAGE TO WORKING HORSES. The effect of feeding roots or ensilage to working horses has been studied during the year and a few points noted. The roots experimented with were turnips, mangels and carrots, in addition one lot received ensilage as a part of their ration, A check lot receiving no feed othe? than the regular ration of hay, oats and bran was under feed at the same time. The following table shows the amount of each kind of succulent food fed and the results so far as the gains or losses in weight of the horses are concerned. rxroup. Average weight Nov. 19. Kind of roots fed 1 horse. Amount fed in 14 days. Average daily feed of roots. Meal Ra- tion, amt. fed in Iday. Hay (mi.xed), amt. fed in 1 day. Average weight of horses Dec. 3. Los.s — or Gain + Lbs. 1 1,490 Carrots. 152 10 17 13 1,460 30— 2 1,625 Mangels. 92 6 13 15 1,610 15— 3 1,G57 Turnips. 152 10 18 15 1,657 4 1,595 Ensilage. 152 10 18 15 1,590 5 — 5 1,625 18 15 1,642 17 + As a general conclusion it may be stated that when such amounts of roots, &e., as are indicated in the table are fed horses working every day, the effect is not likely to ba very good. The roots, &c., are laxative in character, hence any heavy exercise when receiving sucli food induces an undue looseness which is both unpleasant and injurious. There seemed to be but little preference in this respect among the feeds mentioned, and the only horses not suffering from this affection during the period of the experi- ment were the ones getting no succulent food- Turnips and carrots seemed the most palatable of the four, with ensilage almost as welcome to the hoi'ses and mangels not at all in favour. It was observed that fed in smaller amounts per day or fed to idle horses no evil effects were noticeable. The roots or ensilage did not seem to replace any of the regu- lar ration of meal and hay and the feeding of these feeds was an added expense rather than an economy. Where fed to idle horses, however, or where fed to horses it was desired to put in better condition, a small amount of roots — 5 to 8 pounds per day — has been found beneficial, a.g serving to prevent digestion troiibles. DAIRY CATTLE. The herd of dairy cattle during the year 1904 consisted of 28 females all told. They were : — Ayrshires 6 Guernseys 5 Canadians 4 Shorthorns 3 Shorthorn grades 2 Ayrshire grades 4 Guernsey gTades 3 Canadian grades 1 48 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS FEEDING THE DAIRY CATTLE. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 One important consideration in feeding dairy oows is to make the ration not only as ejffective as possible as a milk-produeing ration, but to make it as cheap as possible, and at the same time productive of good results. From the farmer's standpoint the most expensive part of the ration is the grain or meal part thereof. Our experience goes to show that with the use of clover hay and succulent food there is not the same, nor nearly the same need of a large proportion of meal in the ration as there is when either the one or the other of these most valuable mihv-producing foods is lacking. When both are absent the amount of meal necessary to insure good returns from the cattle is so great as to render the profitable production of milk almost impossible in winter. Both clover hay and succulent food are produced in abundance on the farm here and every advaaitage is taken of these, to the dairy farmer, invaluable feeds, to reduce the cost of producing milk. Accordingly, the roughage ration fed to the cows consisted of ensilage, roots, (mangels and sugar-mangels), clover hay and some chaff. The amount of roughage fed varies considerably, since the milch cows vary in weight from 800 lbs. to 1,600 lbs. The approximate roughage ration fed per 1,000 lbs. live weight is 35 lbs. ensilage, 20 lbs. mangels, 3 lbs. clover hay and a little chaff. The meal mixture or grain ration consisted of different mixtures at different times and for 'lifferent cows. Cows in heavy miUc should receive a meal ration very rich in milk-forming material. In feeding meal, even more than in feeding roughage, to dairy cows there is every opportunity for the careless or ignorant feeder to waste much valuable feed by feeding in too large quantities, or by feeding the wrong kind of meal or grain. SUMMER FEEDIKG. The cows were pastured as usual during the greater part of the summer months. They occupied one field of the three year rotation marked ' E ' on page 82, and referred to there, as being iinder pasture in 1904. This field was able to carry about fiity heaJ ot cattle for over a month and over thirty head for over two months. When the pasture began to get bare it was supplemented by soiling crops cut and fed in the stables. A somewhat heavier grain ration was fed this year than usual on account of the greater extent to which soiling was carried on. The meal ration in summer consisted of oats and bran about equal parts. It was fed in amounts varying with the milk yield of the cows being fed, save in the case of heifers with their first calves which usually receiv^ed more than their records seemed to call for as it was desired to encourage them and to cultivate in them the habit of maintaining a heavy and uniform flow of miUc during tbe whole lactation period. COST OF FEEDING. In estimating the cost of feeding, the following prices were charged for feed stuffs, being the average local market rates for the same during the season of 1904, save in the case of ensilage and roots, which are charged for at the rate usually afiixed in ex- perimental feeding in all parts of America. Pasture (per month) $ 1 00 per cow. Bran 16 00 per ton. Gluten meal and oil meal 25 00 " Oats and barley 21 00 ' Clover hay 7 00 " Chaff 4 00 " Roots and ensilage 2 00 " In estimating the value of the product, 20 cents per pound is allowed for the butter and 15 cents per hiindred pounds for the skim-milk and buttermilk. The butter REPORT OF THE AGlilCLLTURIST 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 is manufactured in the farm dairy and sells on the market at from 22 to 30 cents per pound, an average of about 24 cents per pound during the last year. This leaves about 4 cents per pound for cost of manufacture. The following tables give in detail the particulars concerning each, cow, herd statements for each of the pure-bred herds, and monthly statements for all the herds combined. The monthly statements for the whole milking herd show the total yield of milk for each month, its butter-fat content, the amount of butter produced, the number of pounds of milk required for a pound of butter, and the average yield of milk per cow per diem. The highest average per cent of fat was recorded in October and the lowest in January. DAIRY CATTLE REPORTS. During the year 2S different cows were milked for shorter or longer periods, as indicated on the first page of my report on dairy cattle, whereas in the subjoined ' herd reports ' only 20 animals are reported upon. In almost any dairy herd of any size some cows will be found that for some rea- son have given millv during only a very small part of any given year. "Where a large number of cows are being considered, one or two such cases introduced in estimating the average does not materially affect the same, but where the herds to be compared are small the consideration of one or two such cases in one herd and no such cases in another makes an unjust difference in favour of the latter herd. To overcome this difficulty as far as possible, the records of three of the best cows in each herd, and of cows that had been in milk for the greater part of the year, have been taken, and the averages estimated from these records, rather than from the records of all cows of that particular breed that happened to calve dui'ing the year. Report 1 is a summary of the more important points in connection with the year's work with the dairy herd. Report 2 contains the individual records of all cows that gave railk during the year. Reports 3, 4, 5, 6, Y, 8 and 9 give the herd records of the several pure-bred and grade herds under test. REPORT 1. GENERAL SUMMARY. No. of COWS giving milk for month . . 2G Lbs. of milk in month. . . 11,640 Average for 1 day I 388 Daily average per cow I 14 '92 Per cent f at . . 4 ■ 67 Lbs. but terj fat I546-69 26 11,363 378-7 Lbs. butter... 1643 -161627 Lbs. milk fo.r 1 lb. butter. 18 -091 18 24 8,148 271-6 11-31 4-79 420-24 494-40 16 48 20 7,919 263-8 13 4 24 ft 25 28 28 13,394 17,233, 19,614' 22,400! 21,242 446-4 19 18 60 •48 4-20 •28 544-53 -86 640-60 -60 20.90 574-4 553-8 22 97 4-26 22 15 4-28 712-22 833 18 837-90 980-21 20-5o! 2001 746 -6| 708 26-66 25-28 4-27 4-13 912 96 861-96 1109-36|1014-07 26 18,653 621-7 23-91 4-04 747 -07,633 878-901745 25 15,467 I 515-5 20 4 25 14,251181,321 475 62 19 20l 4-57 64 641 9G;776101 I 45i755- 23:9130 GO 494-8 18 59 4-41 2019; 20-041 21-22' 20-74 1886' 19 85 16—4 50 EXPERIME2^'TAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VI!., A. 1905 •p3:)D0j38TI -jnp Aioo uo ^goij •-: h- -f 1- « -f ^: o o o o x oc t - 1- . w. _ . - . ■-. -. . . . ^ ^ ^^ w ^^ ^- . - V- " c- X t- CO 00 m o o •-' eo -^ t,?qi3MXl^»t~0£OT-ieCr-iXOCO©Ortr-(r av t^ t." t^ v; r- -r r-i r-(OOOic>03iL-.03;05C5C5aiooooooQOt-^so-o!MOO •qi-igd -ox qt: pgniTJA 'U9:)TJ9 ^B-iui iiuioiiiy >0^lOOCOOOeOCO'*'r-(01^C5 c5L2t^oooi-HmC'itooocot^i:oxi-it--.i-ii^mc;cjxoo-*oi05 iOCOC3-*a>IMa;t^CTi»0-l(MC^lt^OCCC5-f<05 t^Or'lOlC^t-OC^OStO'^IMi-IC^jT-ICOXOCOXOOOOOX-He^ sr50050cr:C5coooxxxooooxooot^t~t>.i^!n:£mO'*TC)co rH rH 035t— OOrHCVOCIt-rHlflOlOOXXOOOrHCOasCli-^riXCO-H l^00OT)C500l-(»aOt--O»O0500l--Tt<-*'CCrHrHC<5 C0©OTtX00C5C;t-IOt>.X:S',0-J-O«O •jB9i£ ui p9onp -ojd J9^'jnq spunoj: •Jliun UT ^JBJ JO :)U90 J9J '©©C<5lOOiOi-llMCO-)<'»X(MX-^050CQOC'1t-C'1005'»l.Xt^C5t^-*iiC(Nt--(MXlO'«< 10CO'*-T''-(rHXXGOOCOOOt-0:£)COO©l7X«3OTtiiSrHMt-C-1l^t^ •JiVdJi joj >nuu Ii-'^ox ©■H-! !>• S". X -*• rH >C l^ X : CO CO M CO i-i CO CO r: cc II ^5 c'rf<-9'T!'T} ^^ b ^' j; b »-■ fe 'j JIB'S fe J2 -ti > o o. i3 C ^^ c=;/-j:»c5t^— . i=-*3Ct::^. i-coi^i-cir. coxocO'TCO'^.n^coco wxxcst--— . ii^xv:^. u^coi~i-ci-". coxoco-s-cof^o $: 5i2.ii9,^ ii-j !^ iH- ii^i-l ^ S ii^id ii j § 0) ' v: >■ 0 0 1 UBai? am Sui : -.inp psddojp jj-eo jo xag <2 • • -Si's - Sui.inp SA\oo uo !}ijojj • i^co 0 S oocieo " 0^:0 ^ C^ClrH C^ 00 1-( CI 1 -pa^.ogfSau 5[inu-niiiis : 'aap5uq -qf j '"o ^ijOJcL 01^— 1 CI 0 ^-"^^ '^'^ -^nq -q^ x aonpoad o^ ?soQ . of;c^ a ... J^ CIIOO 0 r-niia-miJis JO 9niT?^\^ ^ OC CO 0 " < O O O ] o te c. re o c O I-l r-l I ?) c: j; « I ;-. CO C-. t^ CO O C<1 O t^ C>1 -# -ir io C: — O I C5 O C id ci-*o r-l X CJ 010 .* X O CO -t< o: X Cfi-Tr-i" ■ b- i-( »— 1 r- ' r-1 000 © 000 0 OlftO © CO CO CI CO X >• .- 1 > ^ ^1 . ID . 3 0, 3 cqX,:; L.- :- X U-. X t~ X I-l CI t- 0 t. tr^-T '■r ^ c^^^^ 0 cox 0 1 CO C-. 0 1 'T CCt^ 0 tH iH 0 c: cr. 00 CJ COiO 0 0=5 0 35 0 t-l- C5 CO 0 cq CI t» 0 xco © TT CO •» ■* .. *-. »-. 10 , y—tr-d ^^ -r '"'"'" 05 »a c 0 CO X C5 00 0 r-l T-l rH tH -■r) 0 -i- X 0 02 >^ 0 c? 0 C-. t^r-1 35 '^ I-l rH 0 T-l <* 7J hH ^, =3 SSI- 35 Q X 0 ^ CO 0 -f t^ 0 CO X <»: 0 'aSS S 0 rHSlOi 05 t-X 35 .f Tf 05 05 T-l CI 0 .* CO t- CTJ 0 X 0 C0 05O5 t^ C5 'T .rl< 0 ^ X I^ 35 -:l< CO CO CO 0 CI 0 ^ 0 iH 35 X rf 1.0 ^ Tf4 C) 0 — 1 05 00 X 0 00 t-co 0 00 I- 00 0 0 t^ ■* 0 © !>. rH CI CQiH W .* 35 0 C5 C) CO .<)< CO ©■ © 0 ^'(N ^^ ! ^4 SP ; g^^ : t^ ^ I, >.s P ra 0 ^ <* >> i« t-^r^J <0 (D 5 c -< 123 72 138 48 108 38 0) 10 §5 © © in coow m > m 0 0 >a CO Bull... Heifer. Bull... 59 26 57 67 51 79 Is CO L-O © © 35 © 1 I- COO C-. C5 © rH 00 05 51 92 54 16 51 21 CO Ca -f -?< -r 35 35 35 OS 11,960 11,960 11,960 iH C5 M .i[uu-rai5is JO anp^ $ cts. 10 91 6 41 © © CO •qt jad •oog !»« Ja^^nq jo ani^A $ cts. 65 40 45 59 •jvdA m paonp -ojd ja;inq jo' spunoj Lbs. 327 227-98 © d «^&o •311TUI ui (t«j JO !^uao Ja J ^ ^ ^ © CO •jBa.C JOJ j^pui [B^oj, Lbs. 7 604 4,502 6,053 JO ppi^ eSBJaAv A'li^ci |_5 W lH 1 rH •y[\ivi UT s^up JO jaquinsj Days. 366 303 CO CO •jlt;o ■}st:i Suiddojp jo aquQ •aSvl '-'■•'' : 1 03 is o O •s 1 > o to > < ■V © CO © la : : Heifer. Bull... II ... 48 64 33 53 32 18 rH 00 CO ©© t- to iH iHCO NNCO 1-1 49 80 55 33 51 49 41 13 37 35 41 39 © omm lO -*< -f -ti © © © © 11,810 11,480 11,815 rH © I— i-T rH 1,952 1,613 1,978 CO 89 77 70 88 73 57 00 G9 II 99 6 68 II 1-C rH 77 88 61 22 61 98 © i-MO X © © CO CO CO in 00 © CO ■^ CO M CO ggSo (M t^ © oc"©':© iH •«ti iH in Tf J-l 1-1 e-i m ci coco ; f^^ "u cS S :r. -+T -4rMe« 1 ec -o ^ 35 o •o; o O •t--'*t-i.-;i3C0^(M?^M-»iO >, a rt CC O J1 n IM t~- •OXI 3i . CO • O l^ t^ t^ 1-- 1^ t^ t>. ^ r? * 7) • Tl C'l t- • oo CQ rt ¥ •^ - . XI r-1 - r^ bt^ ^- "^ f^ .1-1 ^ J >i M S>2 1 -«I MhOi-rr:!^ S . r-4 Si -X C^ O =C ••i o i:;eto>-^c. S o 2 k" C4 la, ^ .c3 .--ri -pi r4M-«> r*» TS g -r — i t^ GO O o ■ cc o N -H s-1 o o a ft 2 Jft S3 1—1 O c . _. CI -< S-. o o E^*® © • o ec ^'cr. oc'SVi ^-rf ^ o ?o Q Q •" -"ji x' t^ C^ -I- ^ n c^ :o • © - -r t^ t^ t^ t^ t^ t~ t- O ^ F-< ^ 0) 7-. 55 ll^?5 X • oo a S J ft 2 g Mange Hay, M :-: :^'-^- c ■ -f •»}< o o o IM • oo OXXO©iMOO(NS5CO©e5 O o gT ^ (M -f" i^ r; jl -H -*.© K ft Jft rH'rs' + ^-'Xi-H^,;- T) o is 's^ o ;2i^ ^H -«i rtH< '^J A •;^ TJ O •'f 00 o S-. 1001!Mt}. S ft Jft -3-2 ; c^i :'-^rH ^ § s§ Li «« O T3 c . -■MC^O • 00 00 © _o d rt c • ^: i-i c ■ ■>*<^'3'S 5 rt > > o^5i3 a c^ «5 .-a ^ P5 ^ P g, be tiO iio c c c ft •^— Eg 2 S c.S JS.^-^ g ^^ to O O 3 3 P T! 'O T3 50 - ft ft ft 2 , •S^SioooSsSo "OtiotiSgio.aj ft-^^bcto^, -^1 bC0«-'0'a'T3 C Ow-,.9 o S ..w .-:: .-n := ^ S *; o M-- S > > >^ rt » o 56 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 « 'T, ce c 2 T3 Oh -S rt TJ C rTT' (i) be -5 t>> ^ U X O >-> . O C-. -^ CC' o o -?■ ^ (- © c -?■ ^ C. « CO (N r^ • iM • © t- i~ 'X -^ <£ :£ '^ ■— . T-i TT ,- • -r ©. 5-; ■<}< IM cc ; w t^O I': -P » : -^ CT CS O f=H I ^^ O ^ a/ it c]rf-i©!M — ©O- O)©, C;03501COCC (M ■■ 1-1 9 ? ■ c J . ' n ! -^ c" T1 So :7 be he ■ ^ - o O 0) '- p O C 2 fc. S 5 .-^.^ . 3 ^ !C g-t* a-' w be ® e: -<<^ Lj 03 ; bo 2 5 2 5?^ >•■? I 5- £ REPORT OF THE AORlClLTLRIST 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ROOTS AND ENSILAGE, TURNirS AND SLG.VR MAXGELS and ROOTS .OD ENSILAGE, SUGAR MANGELS AND SUGAR BEETS. The experiments with sugar beets, sugar mangels and turnips may hardly he said to be as instructive as the previous experiments. They were not carried out quite so fully for two reasons : the supply of sugar beets was quite limited, and the effects oi the turnips on the butter was very injurious. So far as turnips are concerned, the results show them more expensive than ensilage and roots and not much more effective, since the natural rate of decrease is not retarded. They were fed in large quantities and rendered the butter quite unsaleable When fed after the milk was dra^\ai night and morning the effect was not quite so noticeable but still sufficient to render the butter unpalatable. Sugar beets was the only succulent food fed that succeeded in entirely overcoming the normal rate of decrease and in even turning it into an increase of about 3J per cent in two weeks. But the cost was increased although the amount fed was less than in the case of sugar mangels. ROOTS AND ENSILAGE, TURNIPS, SUGAR MANGELS AND SUGAR BEETS. Method of Feeding. Group G. Group H. 1st Period. 2nd Period 3rd Period 1st Period. 2nd Period'srd Period Regular Ration. Turnips, Hay, Meal Sugar, Mangels, Hay, Meal Regular Ration. Sugar Mangels, Hay, Meal Sugar Beets, Hay, Meal Number in gioup, 4. Number in group, 4. Number in Number in group, 4. group, 3. Number in group 3. Number in group 3. Average weight to start Lbs 1,009 1,016 +7 1,016 1,051 + 35 23 20 1,003 1,002 —1 22i 15" 1,002 1,037 + 35 20 15 Average weight at end of 2 weeks. . n Loss — or gain + h 30 12 200 25i 20 22 150 Hay 1. 1. 11 Roots and ensilage fed group in 1 day n Sugar mangels n m m Turnips u .t m 280 218 277 Sugar beets n n n •>io Meal fed in 2 weeks n Hay M 420 168 2,800 357 280 322 280 308 126 2,100 315 210 280 210 Roots and ensilage fed in 2 weeks. . « Sugar mangels « . . n 3,920 3,050 Sugar beets fed in 2 weeks <> 2,940 Turnips n n . « 3,880 8.43 15 806 S^ 61 54 57f 53 55 6 10 ■ Value of food fed group in 2 weeks. § M II 1 cow in 1 daj' Cts. Milk produced by group in 2 weeksLbs. First day's milk from group i, Second n « h Average daily yield of group during 7.59 13-5 928 ?1* 68i 641 66^ 64 62^ 8 11 8.12 14-5 692i 54" 55 50i 48J 50 48 6 11 5.62 13-3 836i 60i 63" 61J 57| 60 57 58 . ^ 1 6.94 16-5 760 59 57 55i 54 54 54 56 1 7.94 18 8 835i 574 58| 58 6H 60 60^ 60 increase 2 3i Average daily yield of group during 2nd week i Average daily yield of group dur- ing 2 weeks m Next to last day's milk from group n Lust day's milk from p-oup . ....... n Decrease in rate of dailj' milk j'ield in 2 weeks n Per cent decrease in rate of daily milk yield p. c. 58 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 TWO FEEDS VS. THREE FEEDS DAILY. It is the regular practice here to feed the dairy cows as well as all other cattle twice a day as follows : — roots, ensilage and meal at 5.30 o'clock, £rst thing in the rooming, followed by hay in about an hour and a half, in the afternoon about 3.30 o'clock the other half of the roots and ensilage and meal is given, and shortly after 5 o'clock the rest of the hay is fed. The meal is mixed with the roots and ensilage after it is before the animal and the hay is fed uncut. Many feeders claim that it is better to feed three times in the day rather than twice even though no more food be fed. The following experiment would seem to indicate that two feeds a day is quite as effective as three feeds. In lot ' B ' one of the cows calved during the preliminary or check fortnight, but as this happened before the real experiment began, it does not affect the results as each group is fed each way. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 S 2 5 £• CO -1< .-I !N Cl -O t^ -f t- o o o t^ o — . -r o --s r- 1- -o t; ■■£ k- •»> ^ -^ "O 30 -» JO • o rs :o :<; :■; :o :o :c ^- TI --= T). o — O "T -"T ■ fM I CI. O s g rH O O l^ ^ X o © (M ra I c^j ^^ o IMO00©o"*e<5CNrH(Mr-lO-JrH'^' r: ?i rr 1:; t^ — -^ 1 ?i ^1 ;o o©©5 O OC JJi — -j- ;;. . y-' Oir-^ 71 7^ t^ ^ O r-1 I-) CI t^ ■-- -- --^ ■-- '- "--^ 1 cc||o ^J r z r?, = = = = C-1 O -< 3D . C: (M ^ ^ C; O — . X C-l =3 -* X X jq ^ X n ?1 ?) — . ?1 r^ rt r: c-1 X ^ M Oi Oi C3 C". ts L^ ^ c^. -^ Y^ ^*N -+:* Mii;^ s-a oil •SI = g- m o) be a & > t- t* c3 c5 I ^ >-. IP 1-1 a ^ c = a H O i- S O OQj-"^ (H — ■" -O ~ .^ O D o « z' cs VH <« -n ~" ' tc o o !? ^ _. -■ 3 2 c *-i ijj ,•= . " i" _j • — 0) _ «5 5 ® "O S,^ S sb » a as card's .~ - ^ t" ^.-^ 2 2 -u 2 - 3 a: G ® « 3! O t, 80 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VIU A. 1905 REFUSE APPLES AS FEED FOR MILCH COWS. Every season the disposition to be ELade of low grade apples is a matter of mow or less moment to many farmers. To be in a position to give some exact data as t> their valne as food for at least some classes of live stock, a few experiments in feeding them were conducted here in the autumn. Among others was one to study their effect upon millc secretion and upon the health of dairy cattle. Four grade cows about six months in milk were selected- They were fed on the usual ration of ensilage, pulped roots and hay for two weeks, then put on a ration of meal, hay, ensilage and roots and apples. Below are submitted a few particulars. FIRST PEEIOD. NO APPLES. 1,-. Xumber of cows in experiment 4 Average ration fed each cow during 2 weeks fEnsilage and roots.... 50 1 previous to apple feeding experiment and JHay 4 *' 2 weeks after apple feeding experiment. [Meal 7i " ^Ensilage and roots.... 2,800 " Feed consumed by group in average 2 weeks. .{Hay 22-1 •' [Heal 420 •' Value of feed in average 2 weeks $ 7.78 Cost to feed 1 cow 1 day 13'9 cts. Milk yielded by group in average 2 weeks 1,353 lbs Daily average for cow during 2 weeks 24*2 " SECOXD PERIOD. APPLES IN RATION. Average ration for each cow during 2 weeks on experiment Feed consumed by group in 2 weeks while ex- periment lasted [Apples 25 " Roots and ensilage.... 20 " Hay 4 " Meal 7i " Apples 1,400 " Roots and ensilage.... 1,120 " Hay 224 " Meal 420 " Value of feed, other than apples, fed during 2 weeks $ 6.10 Cost to feed one cow 1 day (apples not valued) 10*9 cts. Milk yielded by group in 2 weeks while eating apples. 1,395 " Daily average for cow during 2 weeks 24'9 " Difference in milli yield in favour of apple ration, for 2 weeks 42 " Average weight of cows when going on apple feeding period 985 " Average weight of cows at end of apple feeding period 1,008 " Gain in weight on average 23 " Average weight at end of last 2 weeks 992 " Loss in average weight during 2 weeks 16 " It is only fair to credit the refuse apples as being worth the value of the food saved in the 2 weeks. On such a basis, therefore, refuse apples may be valued at $2.40 per ton, or about 7 cents per bushel, when roots and ensilage are valued at $2 per ton for cattle feed. REPORT OF TEE AGRICCLTIRIST . 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 By way of comment it might be added that the cows seemed to relish the apples, which were of different sorts, and to thrive upon them as shown by the quite con- siderable gain of 23 pounds per cow made in 14 days while on apples, whereas during the subsequent 2 weeks a loss of 16 pounds per cow is shown. The health of the cows seemed to be very favourably affected by the apples, as might be inferred from the above. Calves given a few of the apples each day seemed to like them, and did well on them. BEEF PEODUCTIOX. EXPERIMENTS tN^ 1903-4. The lines of experiment followed in the winter of 1903-4 were: — Influence of age on cost of beef; influence of manner of 'housing, i.e., feeding loose vs. feeding tied; baby beef; values of feeds. On the whole the steer feeding operations may be considered successful from the financial point of view since the selling price covered the cost of the steers, the cost of the feed at market prices, and left a fair margin for profit. Full particulars are given in the group reports. In conducting feeding operations the farmer may seldom expect to make much over and above market prices for his feeds, but he will, of course, have saved himself the trouble of marketing the feeds and will have retained on his farm a large amount of material for fertilizing purposes without which it is practically impossible to long farm successfully in Canada. LOOSE vs. TIED. The experiment of feeding lots of steers loose as compared with feeding similar lets tied has been continued as indicated above and is concluded. The results in 1903-4 are decidedly in favour of loose box feeding. The loose box fed lots gained on the average 311 pounds per steer in 129 days, while the tied steers gained 275 lbs. in 129 days. The loose box steers put on flesh at a cost of $4.76 per 100 lbs., while the tied lots cost $5.39 per 100 lbs. gain in live weight. Lot ' A ' — {Three-year-olds)- — Loose. ]^< umber of steers in lot 8 First weight, gross 9,8SS lbs. First weight, average 1,236 " Finished weight, gross. 12,240 " Finished weight, average 1,530 " Total gain in 129 days 2,352 " Average gain per steer 294 '' Daily gain for lot, 8 steers 18*24 " Daily gain per steer 2'2S " Gross cost of feed $ 122 89 Cost of 100 pounds gain 5 22 Cost of steers, 9,888 lbs. at $4 per 100 lbs 395 52 Total cost to produce beef, $395.52 + $122..89 518 41 Sold, 12,240 lbs. at $5 per 100 lbs., less 5 per cent. ... 581 40 Profit on lot 62 99 Xet profit per steer 7 87 Average buying price per steer 49 44 Average selling price per steer 72 67 Average increase in value 23 23 Average cost of feed per steer 15 36 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 8 steers 4,127 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 49,728 " Amount of liay 6,328 *' Amount of straw eaten 4,S72 " Lot ' B '—{Three-year-olds)— Tied. Xumber of steers in lot 9 First weight, gross 11,097 lbs. First weight, average 1,233 " Finished weight, gross 13,563 "' Finished weight, average 1,507 '' Total gain in 129 days 2,466 " Average gain per steer 274 " Daily gain for lot, 9 steers 19'03 " Daily gain per steer 2*12 " Gross cost of feed ■} 137 78 Cost of 100 pounds gain 5 59 Cost of steers, 11,097 lbs. at $4 per 100 lbs 443 88 Total cost to produce beef, $443.88 + $137.78 581 66 Sold, 13,563 lbs. at $5 per 100 lbs., less 5 per cent. ... 644 25 Profit on lot 62 59 Net profit per steer 6 95 Average buying price per steer 49 32 Average selling price per steer 71 58 Average increase in value 22 26 Average cost of feed per steer 15 31 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 9 steer= 4,662 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 55,536 '' Amount of hay 7,119 " Amount of straw eaten 5,355 " Lot ' C'—iTwo-year-oUs)—Tied. Number of steers in lot 9 First weight, gross • 9,216 lbs. First weight, average 1,024 " Finished weight, gross 11,709 '' Finished weight, average 1,301 " Total gain in 129 days 2,493 " Average gain per steer 277 " Daily gain for lot., 9 steer? 19'35 " Daily gain per steer 2"15 " Gross cost of feed $ 128 40 Cost of 100 pounds gain 5 16 Cost of steers, 9,216 lbs. at $4 per 100 lbs 368 64 Total cost to produce beef, $368.64 + $128.40 479 04 Sold. 11,709 lbs. at $5 per 100 lbs., less 5 per cent 556 20 Profit on lot 59 16 Net profit per steer 6 57 Average buying price per steer 40 96 Average selling price per steer 61 80 Average increase in value 20 84 Average cost of feed per steer 14 25 Amount of meal oaten by lot of 9 steers 4.613 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 47,943 " Amount of hay 7,219 « Amount of straw 4,536 " REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Lot ' D ' — (Two-year-olds) — Loose. jSTumber of steers in lot 8 rirst weight, gross 7,736 Ibg. First weigiit, average 9(37 " Finished weight, gross 10 424 " Finished weight, average 1.300 " Total gain in 129 days 2,516 " Average gain per steer 327 " Daily gain for lot, 8 steer:^ 21'24 Daily gain per steer 9*53 Gross cost of feed $ 122 89 Cost of 100 pounds gain 4 30 Cost of steei-s, 7,736 lbs. at $3.90 per 100 lbs 294 00 Total cost to pr-oduce beef, $294 + $122.89 416 89 Sold, 10,424 lbs. at $4.8.5 per 100 lbs., less .5 per cent. . 480 29 Profit on lot 63 40 Ket profit per steer 7 92 Average buying price per steer 36 75 Average selling price per steer 60 03 Average increase in value 23 28 Average cost of feed per steer. . 13 36 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 8 ste-ir- 4,102 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 43,110 " Amount of hay 6,328 " Amount of straw eaten 3.032 " 63 IXFLUEKCE OF AGE OX COST OF BEEF. Cost of producing Beef ivith three-year-olds, tivo-y ear-olds, yearlings, six months' calves and new-horn calves. The experiments to gain some data as to the influence of age upon the cost of producing a pound of beef have been continued and are now concluded. Lots of animals of as nearly uniform type and breeding as possible were selected and fed such rations as were found to suit them best. The roughage ration in each case consisted of roots, ensilage and hay, the concentrates fed to three-year-olds, two- year-olds, and yearlings was gluten meal. The calves were fed a meal ration made up of oats, pease, barley, oil meal and gluten mixed in different proportions at different periods. Full statements of the particulars in connection with each lot will be found be- low. A few of the more important particulars are grouped for comparison, as fol- lows : — A^es. Three-year-olds Two-year-olds Yearlings Six month calves Skim-milk calves, new bom . Daily Gain. Lb3. 228 2-53 19 1-75 IGS Gain in 129 davs. Lbs. 294 327 242 267 360 Cost 100 Ihs. Gain. $ cts. 64 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Ds'FLUEXCE OF AGE OF STEERS ON COST OF PRODUCTION OF BEEF. Lot ' E ' — (Three-year-olds) — Loose. Number of steers in lot 8 rirst weight, gross 9..S68 lbs First weight, average 1,L'36 Finished weight, gross 12,240 Finished weight, average 1,530 Total gain in 129 days 2,352 " Average gain per steer 294 Daily gain for lot, 8 steers. . . 18'24 " Daily gain per steer 2'28 " Gross cost of feed $ 122 89 Cost of 100 pounds gain ' . 5 22 Cost of steers, 9,888 lbs. at $4 per 100 lbs 395 52 Total cost to produce beef, $395.52 + $122.89. . .. 518 41 Sold,' 12,240 lbs. at $5 per 100 lbs., less 5 per cent 581 40 Profit on lot 62 99 Net profit per steer 7 87 Average buying price per steer 49 44 Average selling price per steer 72 76 Average increase in value 23 23 Average cost of feed per steer 15 36 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 8 steers 4,127 " Amount of ensilage and roots 49,728 " Amount of hay 6,328 Amount of straw eaten 4,872 Lot ' F ' — (Two-year-olds) — Loose. Number of steers in lot 8 First weight, gross 7,736 lbs. First weight, average 967 Finished weight, gross 10,424 Finished weight, average 1,303 Total gain in 129 days 2,516 '* Average gain per steer 327 Daily gain for lot, 8 steers 21"24 " Daily gain per steer 2'53 Gross cost of feed $ 122 89 Cost of 100 pounds gain 4 30 Cost of steers, 7,736 lbs. at $3.90 per 100 lbs.. .. 294 00 Total cost to produce beef, $294 + $122.89 416 89 Sold, 10,424 lbs. at $4.85 per 100 lbs., less 5 per cent. . 480 29 Profit on lot 63 40 Net profit per steer 7 92 Average buying price per steer 36 75 Average selling price per steer 60 03 Average increase in value 23 28 Average cost of feed per steer 15 36 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 8 steers 4.102 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 43,110 Amount of hay 6,328 Amount of straw eaten 3,032 REPORT OF THE AGRICI'LTLRIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Lot 'G' — (Yearlings) — Loose. Xumber of steers in lot 8 First weight, gross 6,404 lbs. first weight ,average 808 " rinished weight, gross 8,400 " Finished weight, average 1,050 " Total gain in 129 days 1,936 " Average gain per steer 242 " Daily gain for lot, 8 steers lo'2 Daily gain per steer 1'9 Gross cost of feed $ 108 SO Cost of 100 pounds gain 5 62 Cost of steers, 6,464 lbs. at $3.50 per 100 lbs 226 24 Total cost to produce beef, $226.24+ $108.80. . .. 335 04 Sold, 8,400 lbs. at $4.75 per 100 lbs., less 5 per cent. . 379 05 Profit on lot 44 01 Xet profit per steer 5 50 Average buying price per steer 28 28 Average selling price per steer 47 43 Average increase in value 19 15 AA-erage cost of feed per steer 13 60 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 8 str. ;s 4,102 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 38,360 " Amount of hay - 6,104 " Amount of straw eaten 4,032 " Lot 'II' — (Calves over G months) — Loose. Number of steers in lot 5 First weight, gross 1.930 lbs. First weight, average 386 " Finished weight, gross 3,265 " Finished weight, average 653 "' Total gain in 152 days 1,335 " Average gain per steer 267 " Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 8'75 " Daily gain per steer 1'75 " Gross cost of feed for 152 days $ 59 S3 Cost of 100 pounds gain 4 48 Average cost of feed per steer for 152 days 11 96 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 2,674 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 20.377 " ^Vmount of hay 1.820 " Amount of straw eaten 980 " Amount of sugar beet pulp and molasses (dried)... 343 " Lot 'I' — (Calves under G months) — Loose. Xumber of steers in lot 6 First weight, gross 740 lbs. First weight, average 123 " Finished weight, gross * . . . . 2,900 " Finished weight, average 483 " Total gain in 214 days 2,160 " Average gain per steer 360 " Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 10"08 " Daily gain per steer 1*68 " le— 5 65 65 EXPEEIME2fTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Gross cost of feed $ 59 83 Cost of 100 pounds gain 2 77 Average cost of feed per steer 9 97 Amount of meal eaten by lot of G steers 2,361 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 9,210 " Amount of hay 1,512 " Green feed 9,10S " BABY BKEF. The fourth and fifth lots of calves of the series of baby beef experiments are now under way. It is proposed to end this experiment when the present lots are slaughtered. Since a full discussion of the matter will be necessary when the final lots are reported upon, no comment is made upon the lots now being fed and here- with reported upon up to daie. Lot 'J' — (Y earUnrjs)—Fatiening Lot. Number of steers in lot 5 First weight, gross 1,930 lbs. First weight, average. 386 " Last weight, gross 4,950 " Last weight, average 990 " Total gain in 365 days 3,020 " Avprage gain per jtcer 004 " Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 8'25 " Daily gaui per steer l'6c " Gross cost of feed $108 40 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 3 59 Average cost of feed per steer 21 69 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 4,699 " Amount of ensilage and roots 40.862 " Amount of hay 3,370 " Amount of straw 1,540 " Amount sugar beet pulp (dried) 378 " Meal consumed consisted of : Oats, 2,091 lbs. ; oil meal, 937 lbs. ; bran, 1,027 lbs. ; and gluten, 644 lbs. Lot ' K' — (Yearlings) — Limited Bation Lot. Number of steers in lot 5 First weight, gross 1,760 lbs. First weight, average 325 " Finished weight, gross 3,690 " Last weight, average 738 " Total gain in 365 days 1,930 " Average gain per steer 386 " Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 5'30 " Daily gain per steer 1*06 " Gross cost of feed $63 68 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 3 30 Average cost of feed per steer 12 73 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 898 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 40,370 " Amount of hay 3,277 " ' Amount of straw eaten 1,190 " f Amount of potatoes 816 " i? On pasture G months 36 mos. J. nEPOHr OF THE AGRICULTURIST 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Meal consumed consiated of : Oats, 337 lbs.; gluten, 255 J lbs.; oil meal, lOlJ lbs.; bran, 154. Lot ' L' — {Steer Calves) — Fattening Ration. Number of steers in lot G First weight, gross 740 lbs. First weight, average 123 " Last weight, gross 2,900 " Last weight, average 483 " Total gain in 214 day.s 2,1G0 " Average gain per steer 3G0 " Daily gain for lot, 0 steers lO'OS " Daily gain per steer 1 -GS " Gross cost of feed. . - $ 59 S3 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 2 77 Average cost of feed per steer 9 97 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 steer- 2,025 lbs. Amount of roots and ensilage 9,240 " Amount of hay 1,512 " Green feed 9,40S " Meal consumed consisted of : Oats, 780 lbs.; oil meal, 171 lbs.; barley meal, 33G;- and bran, 738. Lot ' M'- — (Steer Calves) — Limited Bation Lot. Xumber of steers in lot 6 First weight, gross. . . 490 lbs. First weight, average 81 " Last weight, gross 2,530 *' Last weight, average 421 " Total gain in 214 days 2,040 " Average gain per steer 340 " Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 9*53 " Daily gain per steer 1-58 " Gross cost of feed $ 57 90 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 2 83 Average cost of feed per steer 9 G5 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 stcer^ 1.878 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 10,842 " Amount of hay 1,500 " Amount of green feed 7,2GG " Meal consumed consisted of : Oats, 780 lbs.; oil meal, 9G; barley meal, 273; bran, 729. SUGAE BEET PULP. 'Improved Molasses Cattle Feed," the name under which the Dresden Beet Sugar Manufacturing Company placed the. combined dried sugar beet pulp and residual molasses from their factory upon the market, is a feed that has received a fairly thorough and very careful test during tiie past winter months. Before entering into a full report o£ the experiments conducted it may be stated in a general way that this preparation is one that, according to shipments received here lacks in uniformity of composition. The molasses would appear to have been mixed with the pulp in an irregular way so that when feeding it to animals there is not likely to be much uniformity in the composition of succeeding portions fed. This 16—51 «8 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 peculiarity is, of course, decidedly objectionable, especially where it is fed in any con- siderable quantities per diem. It is objectionable in this, that the effect it will have upon the digestive organs of the animal fed cannot be counted upon. The molasses part of the preparation is somewhat laxative in character and when it is in excess, as occurs occasionally, the animal's digestive organs are more or less deranged for a longer or shorter period. The avernge feeder would be quite unlikely to note the excess of molasses by looking at the feed. Where fed in small quantities, say 1 to 3 lbs. per diem, to either calves or mature cattle, however, this peculiarity is of no consequence. VALUE OF PRODUCT. We have found the preparation of particular value for feeding to young steers or beef animals. Its value liea in its extreme palatability. It serves to whet the appe- tite of the otherwise sated fatting calves and induces them to eat not only the portion of Improved JNEolasses Cattle Feed fed them in excess of the previous ration but quite frequently seems to cause them to eat more of other and possibly more fattening feed.;. It is in this direction, that is as an appetiser, that the future of the feed lies, if our experiments count for anything. EXPKUI.MEXTS WITH DAIRY COV/S. It was fed to dairy cows both in excess of the normal meal ration usuall.y fed and as replacing part of the meal ration. It proved of quite low value in this con- nection, being apparently equivalent to about half an equal weight of bran as an incentive to greater or even equal milk production. WITH TWO-YKAR-OLD AND Tni{rj>YKAR-OLD STEERS. It was used also on some two-year-old and on some three-year-old steers. It was used as an addition to the meal ration and latterly as a substitute for part of the meal ration. In neither case did it prove to be equal to more than about half its weight of bran or other concentrate ration. It was of value, however, in improving the appearance of the cattle, giving them a sleek look scarcely attainable otherwise. A3 ROUGHXESS. An experiment to determine its value as a substitute for roots or ensilage was con- ducted and the resi;lts are given: — Xine three-year-old steers were chosen and divided into three groups of three each. Lot 1. Received no improved molasses cattle feed. Lot 2. Received 8 lbs. improved molasses cattle feed per diem and half amount other roughness fed Lot 1. Lot 3. Received 12 lbs. improved molasses cattle feed and 4 lbs. straw per diem. All lots received equal amcants of long hay and meal. Particulars are as follows : — Lot 1. Receiving no improved molasses cattle feed — Lbs. First weight, December 28, 1903 Total 3.880 Average 1,293 Last weight, :March 22, 1901: Total 4,380 Average 1,460 Gain in 83 days Total 500 Average 167 Daily rate of gain per steer 2 REPORT OF TEE AGRICl'LTl'RIST 69 SESSIONAL PAPER Nc. 16 Tliree steers consumed of roughness — Lbs. Per ton. Value. Ensilage 8,106 $2 00 $8 11 Eoots 1,621 2 00 1 62 Straw 996 4 00 1 99 Total cost of rouglniess used $11 T2 Cost of roughness used in producing 1 lb. increase in live weight, 2'35 cents. Lot 2. Receiving S lbs. improved molasses cattle feed and one-half othcir roughness — Lbs. First weight, December 28, 1903 Total 4,115 Average 1,372 Last weight, March 22, 1904 Total 4.730 Average 1,577 Gain in S3 days Total 615 Average 205 Daily rate of gain per steer 2'47 Three steers consumed of roughness : — I;bs. Per ton. Value. Ensilase 4,053 $2 00 $4 05 Roots 810 2 00 0 81 Straw 498 4 00 1 00 Lnproved molasses cattle feed.... 1,992 15 00 14 94 Total cost of roughness used $20 80 Cost of roughness used in producing 1 lb. increase in live weight, 3'38 cents. Lot 3 Receiving 12 lbs. improved molasses cattle feed and 4 lbs. straw per diem — Lbs. First weight, December 28, 1903 Total 3,990 Average 1,330 Last weight, March 22, 1904 Total 4.455 Average 1.485 Gain in 53 days Total 4G5 "Average 155 Daily rate of gain per steer .' 1*87 I-bs. Per ton. Value. Lnproved molasses cattle feed .... 2,928 $15 00 $21 97 Straw 996 4 00 1 99 Total cost of roughness used $23 96 Cost of roughness used in producing 1 lb. increase in live weight, 5'15 cents. From the above data it is evident that where 8 lbs. Improved Molasses Cattle Feed took the place of half the straw, roots, and ensilage, it may be said to have been worth $5.86 for 1,992 lbs., or about $5.90 per ton. In the case of lot 3, where 12 lbs. was fed per diem, a slightly higiier value is indi- cated, namely, $6.30 per ton. 70 EXPERIilEyTAL i ARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ITVECO EOR BEEF PEODUCTION. Fveco, a prepared food (see page 74), was fed in small quantities to a number of steers and all seemed to be very fond of it. The supply was limited, however, and so it was possible to feed only two steers with this food as an exclusive grain ration. Two small steers put upon this feed as an exclusive meal ration on April 14, weighed together 1,685 lbs. on that date. They thrived very well and on May 80, 45 days after starting, weighed 1,810 lbs., a gain of IL'5 lbs. for the pair, or 62A lbs. per sterr, which was at the rate of about 1'4 lb per diem. The meat from the.se steers was of very excellent quality, due in some measure no doubt to the good quality of the food fed. So far as gains are concerned, it will of course be noted that much larger dally gains were quite possible. PORK PRODUCTIOX. PIG FEEDING EXPERIMEXTS, A large number of pigs have been fed during the year. Most of them were pas- tured for a shorter or longer time on hog lands. (See plan and report, page 80). These experiments in pasturing are Incomplete and will be reported upon at a later date. WINTERING sows OUTSIDE VS. INSIDE. Where much pasturing of pigs is carried on the wintering of the sows and the fail litters is always a problem of considerable difficulty, since the full utilization of pas- tures requires pigs ready to turn out at an early date In the spring.^ During the past winter a number of the brood sows were housed in the small single ■ ])oard cabins used on the pastures in summer. They did well and were healthy, but cost about 25 per cent more to maintain in good condition than did their mates housed in the regular brood sow run or house. AVINTERING YOUNG PIGS OUTSIDE VS. INSIDE. A study was also made of the comparative economy of feeding fall pigs outside and inside. Below is a statement of the results secured. There were two lots inside and two lots outside. The lots were from two different litters, some from each being inside and the rest outside. YOUNG PIGS \YINTERED INSIDE va. OUTSIDE. Location Number of pigs in| lot Number of days on feed Day^ Description of ration fed Lbs. . Pounds of mixture required for 100 lbs. gain.. Amount fed in period Lbs. V^alue 5 Gain made liy lot. Lbs. Average gain per pig . « Average rate of gain per diem, .i 'Jost of 100 lbs, increase in live ■weight $ Health and appearance. Weight of lot to start Lbs. AviTage weight to start m Weight of lot at finish .i Average weight at finish n Lot 1. Lot 2. Inside. GO Outside. 4 60 Lot 3. Inside. Outaide. ! I ; •;o : Shorts 100 Shorts lOO'OilmeallOOShorts 400 i Gluten 100 Gluten too Sliorts 400 ,OilmeallOO Lot 4. Lots 1 & 3. 417 093 10.07 238 48 .82 4.43 Good. 406 99 734 147 rjo2h 1,071" 11.51 192 48 .80 6.00 Good. 400 100 592 143 280 400 4.00 I 143 ! 35 J; .6 2.80 Good. 181 45i| 324 81 502 1.265 12.65 052 '36 .6 5.02 Good. 331 47 5S3 83 Inside. 0 60 Mixed meals. 365i 1,393 14.67 SSI 421 .70" 3.85 Good. 677 1,058 117i Lots 2 & 4. Outside. 11 60 Mixed meal as inside. .526 2,336 24.16 444 40:'-, .6S" 5.42 Good. 731 664 1.175 107 nLl'Oin OF THE AOUIi'lLTiRIHT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 n li^ISIXG YOLXG PIGS. A problem that confronts the farme^ who wishes to go heavily into bacon produc- tion is the raising- of voung pigs to the age of 3 or 4 months without the help of skim- iinlk or whey. This difficulty is more particularly noticed in winter or autumn- To gain some information as to the probably best meal mixtures for the purpose, two ex- periments were tried in January, February and March, 1904. One was conducted outside with pigs housed in small cabins, as mentioned above, and the other inside the regular piggei-y. In determining the value of a meal mixture the items to be considered are the rate of gain and the cost of 100 pounds increa.se in weight. OUTSIDE FEEDING. An examination of the reports of the experiments carried on outside, submitted below, shows that a mixture of shorts 4 parts and oil meal 1 part produced pork for $5.02 per 100 pounds at the rate of G-lOths of a pound per day. Shorts and gluten meal equal parts produced pork at a more rapid rate, viz. : S-lOth pounds per day, but at a slightly higher cost, viz., $G per 100 pounds. The difference may have bcen'due to tho difference in the age of the pigs. A mixture of shorts and oil meal equal parts gav? very poor results since it cost ,$7.9-3 to produce 100 pounds live weight at the rate of 47-lOOth pounds per pig per day. INSIDE FEEDING. VvTien similar feeds were fed inside much better results were noted. Both the rate of gain per day being .slightly increased and the cost of production lowered. The mixture of shorts 4 parts and oil meal 1 part was again to the fore, as gains were made at a cost of $2.S0 per 100 pounds gain and at the rate of G-lOth pounds per pig per day. RATIONS FOR YOUXG PIGS OUTSIDE. Lot 3. Number of pigs in lot i 4 Location Outside. No. of days on feed 60 Description of ration fed. . . .Lbs. - Pounds of meal mixture re- quired for 100 lbs. gain Amount fed in period Lbs. Talue $ Gain made by lot Lbs. Average gain per pig i. Daily rate of gain n Cost of 100 lbs. increase in live weight S Health and appearance Weight of lot to start Lbs. Average weight to start. ... « AVeight of lot at finish i Average weight at finish ... ^^ :.ot 4. Lot G. Lot 7, Lot Outside. 60 Outside. Outside. GO G3 Shorts lOOl Shorts 100 Oats 200 I Shorts 400 GlutenlOOjOilmeallOO Shorts 100 Oil meal 100 552^, 1,071 11.51 192 48 .8 6.00 Good. 400 100 592 148 721 808 8.SS 112 28 .47 7.93 Good. 155 38-7 267 66-7 600 1,080 10.80 180 .5 6.00 Good. 384 64 564 94 502 1,265 12.65 252 36 .6 5.02 Good. 331 47 583 83 Outside. 60 Oats 100 Shorts 200 GOO 1,176 11.76 196 5.70 Fair. 556 81 762 109 Lot 9. Outside. 60 [Shorts 400 Oil meal 100 - Gluten 100 I Skim-milk V4ilbs. perd. r Meal 281J, \Mdk766' f Milk 1,134 \ INIeal 417 5.49 148 37 .62 3.82 Excellent. 256 64 403 101 72 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDVv'ARD VII., A. 1905 RATIONS FOR YOUNG PIGS INSIDE. Lot 1. Number of pigs in lot Location Number of days on feed Description of ration fed Pounds of mixture required for 100 , pounds gain Lbs, Amount fed in period m Value $ Gain made by lot Lbs Average gain per pig « Average rate of gain per day ....... m Cost of 100 lbs. increase in live weight $ Health and appearance Weiglit of lot to start Lbs Average weight to start n Weight of lot at finisli Average weight at finish 190 meal, 564 skim-milk. 252 meal, 750 milk. 3.94 133 26i .CO 2.94 Very good. 183 316 63 Lot 2. Inside. 40 Lot 3. Lot 4. Lot Inside. 60 Inside. 60 • Shorts. Shorts lOO'Shorts 400 "Skim-milk. iGluten 100 Oil meal 100 152 meal, 5641 skim milk. I 204 meal, 756 milk. 2.96 134 I m\ .84 I 2 21 i Excellenr. | 122 oOX 250 04 417 993 10 67 238 48 .82 4.48 Good. 496 99 734 147 280 400 4.00 143 35f .0 2.80 Good. 181 4.5^ 324 81 Inside. 30 Oats 100 Oil meal 100 322 •699 8.04 217 44^ .74 3.70 Good. 379 76 595 119 STOCK FOODS FOR TORK rRODUCTIOX. Ill August, 32 pigs, ranging in weight from 43 to SO pounds were divided into 8 groups of 4 pigs each, and for the next 90 days fed experimentally. In each case th? individuals in a group were nearly uniform in size. The groups, however, showed con- siderable difference in their total weights, the heaviest group weighing 300 pounds or 75 pounds per pig. while the lightest group weighed 380 pounds or 45 pounds per pig. It was not possible to secure a more uniform lot at the time and it was considered better to have considerable difference in the total weights of the lots rather than to have some large and some small pigs in each lot. The experiments lasted 90 days. During that time the pigs were confined in pens with small floored yards attached. Lots 7 and 8, however, were outside, lot 7 having a small unfloored yard and a cabin wherein to sleep, while lot 8 had a clover pasture of about J acre area and a cabin wherein to sleep. The results speak for themselves, but it will bo noticed that all supplementary fcods fed other than skim-milk and pasture, had the effect of raising the cost of pro- duction. Skim-milk on the contrary lowered the cost verj- materially, and pasture had a similar effect in a lesser degree. The meal used was a mixture of half shorts and half mixed grains, oats, pease and barley. In estimating the cost of production the meal ration is valued at $1 per 100 pounds, the skim-milk at 15 cents per 100 pounds, and the supplementary foods or stock foods at the cost of the same on the Ottawa market?, viz.,.. Anglo-Saxon Stock Food, 10 cents per pound. International Stock Food. 15 cents per pound. Hcrl;ageum. 12^ cents per pound and Sugar and Flax 2^ cents per pound. Pasture is not valued, but its value iriflv be deduced from the data given. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 73 u« , a> o S ^----.Z2-. ^- _-r^ ^ ^O «! 00 Is^ ■<*< oei wr^t^-g-; O CO .-1 I^^^-H CI i- r-1 CO o; •«f M m ■ ^ m s ir. .---.... 05- ^ ^-------"o-^' f— ? w ^^ iH ^^-W i^ ^ to rri ©©incSX — OCCM© -OM C-. W lO t~ -Xi X -^ lO CV 1-1 IS M i-H CI iS 1-1 (■- "9" M €(& • 1-1 X I. 1 ^. _ ^; _ f ■»T — CI"" ©©i.*cito»r;ociioc:'*'©co c: 00 -r -H ir; t^ c<5 M O © -d© o rH i-l ^^ CO ■"^ T3 ^-.2§ £='-"-■'- -t-:2 - Meal iternat tock i: '^ -+* 1-1— 'HtJi c-t •«t ©ooc5rHiococ^cot-ci -inos C5©'n'*CC»O'*C0C-5rHtOC100 i-h" 1 ^^ Is M-------- »- J2 -- ^- — ^-I H- CI ~ irs >* ©©^ini-Hi-i©©ClCl4--©.-CHi C5 © O O t O X IC CO CI ■ © CV O iCJi-iO W -"t" «D ■ X <:a2 _^. ■ ^. oo . ^ * " ~ " £ ' Is •V © © O O rt © O X 05 © t^Cl X© CJCO •^ b-tO CO i-~'-"» Tf -r e^^Ti© ^ "Z c bit 1 -tJ ^ |1 S t- .S s ©.S w fe ^^ >. days for 100 b/ CO -© >-,<*- T3 _ t: !- . Oi 1 1 0 start, it to .sta t end o it at em c ot in 90 requirei food fo . gain . ain per pig in c.i5-cce— "t,-^"t.»!cx)i, 1 e s ' days o weight ge weig weight ge weig nt meal nt othei gain of lit meal nt othe: >f 100 lb rate of gain pe 3 o *C 0. of otal vera otal vera mou mou otal mou mon ost 0 aily otal J S C c 15 ^ r^ < E- <; < ir -t <' C r-^ ri ' c s C 74 EXPERIMENTAL FARilS 4-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 UVECO VS. SHORTS AXD OATS FOK POIIK PRODUCTIOX. In the winter of 190i a shipment of a prepared food called ' Uveco " was received from ' Uveco Cereals, Ltd., Usk Yale Mills, jSre'5\'port, Mon., England. This food looked as though it might have been prepared from Indian corn by cooking or steaming and then passing between heated rollers while still wet. It was fed to a lot of 3 pigs for 7 weeks, with results given below. At the same time a similar lot of pigs was fed on an equal amount of a mixture of equal parts shorts and crushed oats. Uveco. Shorts and Oats. Weight of pigs to start May 5 239 239 Average weight 793 793 Weight of pigs, July 11 405 3G3 Average weight of July 11. . . . , 135 121 Increase in weight in lot IGG 121 Gain per pig in 49 days 55 41 Daily rate of gain 1*12 *S4 Amount food consumed 533 533 Value of fo:d required for 100 lbs. gahi . $ 4 OS An examination of the table shows that while 430 pounds of shorts and oats was required to produce 100 pounds increase in live weight, only 321 pounds of Uveco was required to secure a similar result. If 430 pounds of shorts and oats be worth $4.0S it is evident that 321 pounds of Uveco may be claimed to be worth the same amount, i.e., Uveco may be said to be worth $1.27 per 100 pounds. This is of course a single trial and no definite conclusion should be based upon the results. The food was evidently very palatable as the pigs ate it with avidity, and when it was fed in small quantities to young pigs they always seemed to want more of it than of any of the regular meals fed. The keenness of appetite for the food wore off as the experiment advanced, how- ever, and it seemed evident that some other food would have to be- fed along with the Uveco if a long feeding period were intended. LARGE BLACKS. For a number of years Large Blacks have been bred on the farm to gain some information as to their value as a class of swine for bacon production. They have teen testtd in various ways, and the results may be summarized as follows: — 1. As prolific and healthy breeding stock they cannot be surpassed by any of the breeds row commonly bred in Canada. 2. As pigs for crossing they are exceedingly impressive whether male or female, and leave their mark stamped very distinctly no matter what the other cross may be. The cross-breds have also been uniformly healthy and quick feeders, the cross with the Tamworth being particularly remarkable in this respect. 3. As pure-bred pigs they have been found to be rapid and easy fatteners, exceed- ingly good grass or pasture pigs, and have stood all kinds of weather without any apparent evil effects. 4. As pigs for bacon production, however, they have proven to be a complete fail- ure. The carcases liave been invariably scored as falling far short of the ideal in (a.) quality of meat, (h.) uniformity of fat layer on the back, (c.) length of side, (d.) too little thickness of belly meat and too gTcat a proportion of belly meat to the rest of the carcase, and (e.) a marked tendency to lay on fat thickly rather than develop a large amount of lean meat. A pair was exhibited at the Guelph Eat Stock Show in December. 1903, and experts from the largest packing houses were at one in condemning them for the reasons I have given above. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST. 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 I 1 exS 1 ,2 OS'*' a- .11-3 C -J o o o h - bo h eS O ™ o S as r ^ e( a n S S.-=^ o b a cu S 2 ^" .2 2 o ' . O o o «^ a c« ^j .o 1 0) s s 2 •S TJ ■^ §^2 s 8 o ? « o p< 3 3 o S 2^ ii b *" c ^' 3 S 3 3 3 ^82„- f5 § O > >> it o > >. ! 1 0) > > a 3 o O O cJ o >> G § c« ci cj >-. eS J3 * V 4) a) 0)^^ D o OT __M_ tn zn :n 1 ^ S> 3> c . ^ §• §■ 11 « ^ 1- S- 1 OS OS? 2p g 5 Oj 3 S O O"" O c3 o o Pk 5 O O •s9J0\r O O CO ni 'B3JV ■TC t/} GO c . c 3 3 t> •^ xf-^ rf p^ .2 5 o r^ m\ err 2 a •s 5* > > > > X t4 -3 .^ ^- ^ ^^ D ao O cJ C cS t) o o o |o 'rt 3'3 3 o m ^ Q Q •s9Joy r-l «0 CO m B3JV •ai;iBQ JO ^ 05 Cl o Cl «p 00 o 55 oj aqqam^V -c ■^ 'O ^-C^-VJS 1i 5 rt S 3 2'P p «< •saaoy ,-> o F =* Co SoS^ (^ ui Baay ^ Qi "3 -« !5 •snox CJ o w CO -r O l^ l^ Is o P5g ^! PPLl C5 t- t- 'O ■»< to •sajoy O o o o ^ sr •< ni uajv T i< "»< CO CO ■ tn PPTxl w C-1 rH ^ ■S9.X0V o CO 00 O C<» O in ^ajy « o IC O CO «o o 7-4 Cl ■>»> C5 05 o CI I- 5 5 •spnnoj OS -*•" — •' to m" in pia3^\ i-H CI 'I' Cl 1-1 ^ T-H ,-( » C5 •saaoy n o o> ■^ oj r~. m TOjy t^ OO t>- t- o c »: Number ' handled i Number during | on hand, year. | A'alue. 3,410 00 2,410 00 l,95f5 00 895 00 2,307 00 935 00 2,040 00 25 39 28 14 67 96 405 13,9.53 00' cts. 19; 18; 3,495 00 Returns '" " ^ ~-z of all 'x-2gSj descrip- ' o S £ "3 "c tions. -5 " " =* « § cts. I .S cts. 1 2,630 OOl 2,030 00 ;2,500 00 2,040 00 10 1,075 00 22 440 00 66 1,020 00 726 29 1,210 50 1,100 72 542 40 3,005 50 100 00 260, 2,090 00 1,860 55 811 29 1,390 50 1.244 72 622 40 1,138 50 245 00 1,910 55 446 12,720 00 11,325 96^ 9,992 96 78 EXPERIMENTAL F1RM3 4-5 EDWARD Vll^ A. 1905 SUMMARY. DETURXS. Gross returns from animals of all classes, including value of products, value of services and increase in value of youns stock 9,992 OG Manure, 1,100 tons 1,100 00 $11,092 96 KXl'ENDlTilJE. Value of Food Consumed. Jlca] $3,560 89 Hay 1,078 00 Eoots and ensilage 1,109 54 Whole milk, 17,640 lbs 176 40 Skim-milk, 180,000 lbs 270 00 6,194 83 Straw, 112 tons at $4 per ton 448 00 Cost of labour in connection with care of hoi^ses, cattle, sheep and swine: — Herdsman $660 00 Two men at $480 960 00 Three men at $432 1,296 00 Extra help, teaming, &c 461 40 $3,377 40 3,377 40 $10,020 23 Balance 1,072 73 It will be noted that the clear profit after all items have been paid is rather small when the nuinber of animals is considered. It must be rememljered, however, that all feeds are charged at market prices and no allowance made for shrink or loss in cur- ing; further, that straw for bedding, &c., is charged at $4 per ton. The wage item in connection with the care and feeding is likewise open to criticism, but may be ex- plained as follows. In the first place, experimental feeding demands more time and a hi""her class service than is generally iised by farmers; in addition, proximity to Ottawa raises the wage rate, and lastly, the buildings and facilities for feeding and caring for the stock are not nearly so good as they should be. ROTATION EXPERIMENT. ^ Eor five years, from 1899 to 1903, inclusive, the ' 200-acrc farm ' has been cropped under a rotation of five years' duration as follows: Clover hay; Timothy or mixed hay or pasture; grain, 10 pounds Red Clover for fertilizing purposes: corn or roots ; grain, 8 pounds Red Clover, 10 pounds Timothy seed for meadow. The results have been very interesting, since the aggregate annual crop returns from the farm seemed to have been materially inrreased. The fact that a rotation REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 of the character described above seemed to help increase the crop returns from a given area and at the same time increase the fertility of that area, has led to the puttinjr under way of a number of rotations of different len^hs, with different crops in differ- ent orders and with different purposes in view. It is not possible this year to explain or outline the whole scheme, but brief des- criptions of the rotations, the areas devoted to each and the results obtained from each iield, are submitted herewith. The rotations are as follows:^— Rotation A. — Five years, Clover hay. Timothy hay, grain, corn, grain. Rotation B. — Five years. Clover hay, grain, Clover hay, corn, grain. Rotation E. — Three years, pasture, com, grain. Rotation Z. — Three years. Clover hay, corn, grain. Rotation S. — Four years, shallow cultivation, Clover hay, Timothy hay, roots, g-.-nin. Rotation D. — Four years, deep cultivation. Clover hay, Timothy hay, roots, grain. Rotation H. — Three years, hog pasture, roots, grain or soiling crop. Rotation T. — Four yeare, sheep pasture, roots and soiling crop, grain. Clover hay. Rotation M. — Six years, grain, grain. Clover hay, Timothy hay for three years. Rotation l^T. — Six years, grain, grain, Timothy hay for four years. Rotation O. — Three years, grain, Timothy hay, Timotliy hay. Rotation P. — Three years, grain, Clover hay, Timothy hay. In the descriptions of the rotations and fields that follow, an effort is made to pive as concisely as possible the location of each field, its size, the character of its soil, its drainage and its general crop history. In the tables will be found all items of expenditure. The manure is applied in the same ratio to each field in each rotation. To illustrate: if to the corn land in Rota- tion ' Z,' 15 tons of manure per acre is applied ; this is equivalent to 5 tons per acre per annum, as Z is a three year rotation. Then in applying manure to ]\[, 30 tons per acre would be applied, as M is a six year rotation. Since the mauiire must vary slightly in quantity each year, $3 per annum per acre is charged in each rotation. The total amount of each kind of crop material is divided so as to show the pro- duction capacity of one acre under each rotation. ROTATIOX ' A." This rotation of five years' duration includes grain, Clover hay, Timothy or mixed hay, grain and corn in the order named. The grain crop mentioned first comes after corn. The corn stubble is torn up with a strong stiff-toothed cultivator run across, and angling to both right and left, of the direction of the rows. The surface soil and roots so loosened up are then ridged up in drills about 21 inches apart and 8 inches high. The drills are broken down the next spring by means of the disc harrow or stiff- toothed cultivator, harrowed once, and the field is ready to sow. Red clover 8 pounds, Alsike clover 1 pound, and Timothy seed 10 pounds per acre, is sown with the grain, and the land then rolled. The clover field is mown as early as possible to insure a second crop. The mixed hay or Timothy is cut just as the bloom fades away, and a second cut is taken if growth warrants the expense of cutting. In any case the land is ploughed 4 inches deep about the end of August. 80. gJPERIMBHTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 81 16—6 82 EXPERIMEyiAL FAIiilS 4-5 EDWARD Vli., A, 1905 Tlie grain crop mentioned second is sown after the Timotliy or mixed hay. The land is ploughed shallow in Angust, harrowed and cultivated at intervals till October 15 or later, then put up into ridges by means of a double mould board plough. The seed ia sown after the ridges are broken down in the spring, and with the oats 10 pounds of Tied Clover to the acre is sown. (orn follows this grain crop. The clover is allowed to grow within a d;iy or two of the date on which it is desired to sow the corn. Meanwhile manure will have been spread upon the field in the fall, put there in small heaps during the winter and spread as soon as the land was bare, or spread from the wagon as early as possible in the spring. The Clover growing up through it facilitates the ploughing, wliich is done with a rthalJow wide furrow. The land is thoroughly disked, harrowed and then seeded with corn in rows 42 inches apart. It receives all the cultivation necessary to insure! the rctCT?tion of moisture and the killing of weeds between the rows. A 1, 9'96 ;:!cres in Wir-dmill is a long narrow, slightly rolling field, sand and muck prtdominaling, but rijughig to loam in spots, and is all undcrdrained. It has given fairly good crops of all kinds in the past, 1902 oats, 1903 hay. A 2, 8*90 acres in Lonetree; long, narrow, slightly rolling; sand to heavy loam in spots, mostly undcrdrained; fairly good crops; 1902 com, 1903 oats. A 3, 10'20 acres in Ashlands ; oblong, slightly sloping to east and south ; sand, heavy loam, muck and hardpan, mostly underdrained ; fairly good crops; particularly good hay yields; 1902 hay, 1903 hay and pasture. A 4. 9"16 acre?. West Pine Grove and Fenceless; slightly sloping in Pine Grove; rolling in Fenceless; sand, muck loam to clay; underdrained; fair crops; 1902 oats, 1903 corn. A 5, 9*63 acres Fenceless; square, rolliBg, sand loam, muck and clay, mostly under- drained; rather poor crops in past, save in case of hay; 1902 hay, 1903 oats. There was nothing remarkable in connection with the crops on this rotation this year save that in A 2 there was some Alfalfa Clover as well as Red and Alsike. ROTATION B. This rotation of five years' duration includes Grain, Clover, Hay. Grain, Clover Hay and Corn in the order named. The grain crop mentioned first comes after corn. The treatment of the corn stubble is the same as in the case of Rotation ' A.' With the Grain is sown 10 pounds Red Clover, 1 pound Alsike and 5 pounds Timothy seed per acre. The Clover field mentioned first is cut twice, if possible, then ploughed about the end of August, cul- tivated and harrowed at intervals and ridged up late in October. The Grain crop mentioned second is sown on a field treated as just described, tlie ridges being broken down in the spring by means of the disc harrow, and 10 lbs. Red Clover, 1 lb. Alsike and 5 lbs. Timothy seed per acre. The Clover field mentioned first is cut twice, if possible, then ploughed about the end of August, cultivated and har- rowed at intervals and ridged up late in October. The Grain crop mentioned second is sown on a field treated as just described, the ridges being broken down in the spring by means of the disc harrow, and 10 lb? Red Clover, 1 lb. Alsike and 5 lbs. Timothy sown with the grain. The Clover field mentioned second is cut twice if possible, and the aftei-math or third crop allowed to stand all winter. Corn follows the Clover crop just mentioned. The treatment is exactly the same as described for corn in Rotation ' A.' REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST . 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 B 1, lO'OO acres. Windmill; long narrow field, nearly level; sand, sandy loam and muck; all underdrained but somewhat springy; most crops fair, Timothy hay particu- larly good; 1902 oats, 1903 hay. B 2, 8"82 acres, Lonetree; long, narrow, slightly rolling; sand to medium loam, some black miick; mostly underdrained; fairly good crops; 1902 corn, 1903 oats. B 3, 10'20 acres. Ashlaiids ; oblong .slightly rolling sand to hea\'y saiuly or light clay loam; mostly imderdrained ; fairly good crops in past; 1902 hay, 1903 hay and pasture. B 4, 9'15 acres, We^t Pine Grove; square slightly sloping to north-west; sand, sandy loam, muck and clay underdrained; fair crops, some bad spots; 1902 oats, 1903 corn, B 5, 9*93, Fenceless; square fairly flat loam, clayey loam and clay, mostly clay, well underdrained; rather poor crops in past save in hay; 1902 hay; 1903 grain. The crops on the various fields in this rotation in 1901 were uniformly fair; in A 1, owing to a new spring appearing, nearly an acre of com was lost ; in B 5 pert of the field had been in pease in* 1903, so had to be sown down to oat hay in the spring, and the rest of the field had had no timothy sown with the clover in 1903, and had in addition been tramped by the cattle in the fall of 1903, as it was not known then that it would be in hay in 1904. 16—61 84 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS ROTATION This rotation of five years duration is that ■which has been followed for the Lot. A 1 \2 v3 -^ { \5 Description of Soil. Location. ip. c.lp. c. V7.S. 3.. L.S. 1.. A.S. 14. W.P.G. F.S. 1.. F.S. 3 , I 30 i 3C ' 10 o p. c. p. c. p. c. p. dp. c, 20 10 15 20 10 Aggregate Average per acre . Crop. 1903. 9-9CjHay S-90,Oats 10 -20 Pasture & hay, 915jCorn 9 G3 Grain Crop. 1904. Hay. . . Oats... Corn. ,_ 0 5 2 & t< c X ce <5 S T 'V J = c t_ ■ = (« .4^ ,_^ ... a P5 'Jl % cts. ' $ cts. 59 76; 53 40 61 20 54 90 57 78: 11 X, 17 44 ]C 32 14 53 11 7S 4784 287 Oi 71 42 1 6 00 1 49 ROTATION This rotation of five years duration is a modification Bl . W.S.4 L.S. 2 A.S. 15 W.P.G.S. 2. F.S. 2.... 5 20 20 20 35 70 60 '60 30 5 '"5 15 30 50 5 40 5 5 15 5 ! lOOOiHay 8-82,Oats 10 ^OiHaycfc pasture. 915lCorn 993 Grain 1 48 10 1 Corn Hav Oats Grain Hay 60 fO 12 00 B 2 52 92 17 -'It B S 61 20' IG 32 B4 B 5 .... 54 90! 14 53 59 58 19 4ij Aggregate 288 60 79 00 Average per , icre. 0 Oul 1 06 ROTATIOX E. This rotation of three years duration includes grain, pasture and corn. The grain comes after the corn, the stubble of which is treated as described under Rotation ' A.' With the grain in the spring is sown 10 Ibs.red clover, 1 lb. alsik e clover, 5 lbs. Alfalfa clover and 5 lbs. timothy seed per acre. If weather permits tha field is pastured slightly in the fall. After the grain crop the land is pastured, the grass seeding having been done with this object in view. In estimating the value of the returns from this field, pasture is charged at $1 per month per cow. At this rate the returns fall very far short of what would have been the returns if a hay crop had been harvested, if we may judge by tho returns from ' Z 2.' This rotation and Rotation ' Z ' were introduced into the list in order to gain some idea as to the difference in returns probable from land pastured ami land from which all the crops are harvested- Of course, it is just possible that the corn crcp after the pasture may in a measure make up for the difference in favour of the no pasture rotation ' Z.' Corn follows the pasture. Jianurc is applied dtiring the fall and winter and turned under with the growth of clover in the spring. The land is ploughed shallow REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ♦A.' last five years ou the whole " 200 acre farm." Area, 47 "S}: acres. Items Df Expense in Ra ising C rop of 1904. Particulars of Crop of 1904. SS 1 Horse Labour. 0 0 i ^ — ,— ' — — . -•> 0) .^ . cS ■/: 1 a: O . rH i < c C 2 3 2 _• ■ 2 © i "o 3 S= 0 0 -0 0 0 O ogl^.li i-i § B ^3 iS "3 0 CC d s^ oH da;' ~.^ 0 0 Sh :a § 0 cS 0 ^ o '^ \-^ \> H H D 0 m w ^ H > p- Hrs. 1 $ cts. Hrs 1 Hrs' § cts. ; § cts. i .$ cts. 6 cts. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. $ cts. $ cts. § cts. 1441 19 20 48 27 16 73' I107 04 10 75 44.000 154 00 15 46 4 71 2071 27 52 505 35f IS 88 ill7 24 40 75 13 14 137 15 29 55 7 94' 112 09 13 17 13 44 12 24 77,483 271 19 30 47 271 81 26 65 172 70 18 54 17 30 43 5 74 163 22,114 13,236 25,333 20,711 13 31 381 5 071181 6 30 452: 60 25|278 26 74 051 . . . 203 86 21 17 279,060 279 06 28 98 1,154 82; 24 33 7 81 SSi 117 78057*^ 885-179 96 . . . 077 38 14 37 1 35,350 46,044 121,483 279,060 9 06 18-48 2 40 13s 1* 3 76 14 37 J i ; i J 14 37 738 962 2,537 5,833 24 33! 24 33 1 9 96 'B.' of Rotation "A." Area, 48-10 acres. 1 470; 62 65 '>')?. 28 351 '4.3' m L-38 1 77 90 212 55 £1 25 1 216,755 216 75 21 67 0 42 205 1 27 33 501 163 118i 48 IS 71 116 25 i3 18 40 75 11 31,135 32 13 ''7 76,787 268 75 30 47 17 29 431 5 74 18,848,28,516 13,722 2--'.llSi 245 51 181 45 222 00 24 07 19 83 22 35 10 80 38 5 07 29 55 7 94 112 09 19 52.... ,125 50 12 24 12 64 7 59 202 26 94 . . . .1 63,430 .... 9 71 1 U58 127 7S i71 = I3;< 186 43i .... 1701 71 14 59 32,570 50,634 140,217 216,755 1,134 41 23 58 8 99 19-9 2 c: 3 S7I 14 59 1 14 59 677 1,0521 2,914 4,500 23 58 23 58 8 99 an.l disc harrovred, the corn is then sown in rows 42 inches apart and receives the usual tre^;'. ment during the rest of the season. E 1, 14'00 acres, Windmill; rolling land, well drained; sand, sandj" loam, small omount clayey loam; good crops; 1902, oats; 1903, hay. E 2, l.j'T5, Lonetree; rolling land, well underdrained; sand, sandy loam, muck, small amount clay and clayey loam; good crops; 1902, corn; 1903, oats. E 3, ll'OO acres, Morningside; rolling land, well drained; sand, sandy loam, small amount clayey loam; good crops; 1902, pasture; 1903, grain. ROT.\TIOX z. This roli.tion of 3 years' duration includes corn, grain and clover hay, in the order named. Corn comes after the clover hay. The manure is applied in the fall or during the winter and spring and the clover allowed to grow up through it, so facilitating the turning of the whole mass of manure and spring growth and late fall growth of u EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ROTATION This rotation of three years duration indudes Description of Soil. Lot. Location. Crop. Crop. £ s> (A .Si ^ 2 o CO a J I" O s 13 > o a ft u a S a a 1 p. c. p. C. p. c. p. c. p. C. p.c. p.c. Ac. 1903. 1904. $ cts. $ cts. El K2 W.S.I L.S. 4 Morn 40 10 80 40 60 60 io' 15 20 fi 5 1400 Hay 13 75 Oats llOO.Grain 1 Com Pasture . . Oats 84 00 82 50 84 00 IG 80 25 57 E3 22 40 Agrgrega te 41-75 I 250 50 64 77 i 1 1 i Average ner acre .. 100 6 00 1 55 ROTATION This rotation of three years duration Z 1 Z 2 W.S. 2 L.S. 3 Obs. S 40 10 10 40 60 60 ! io .... 20 10 15 20 5 1 600 Hay 5-81 Oats 6(;fi|Hay Corn Hay Oats 36 00 34 86 7 80 11 38 Z3 40 00 10 65 Aggrega te 1847 110 86 29 83 Average ner i lore. 100 1 600 1 61 clover under a few days before the corn is to be sown. The furrow turned is quite shallow, about 5 inches deep, and the land is then thoroughly disc-harrowed and the corn sown in rows 42 inches apart. It receives later the usual cultivation and care. Grain follows corn, the land liaving been prepared as described under Rotation ' A. With the grain there is sown 10 lbs. red clover, 1 lb. alsike and 5 lbs. Timothy seed. The hay is cut twice and the last aftermath allowed to grow up to be turned under the next spring. Z 1, 6*00 acres, "Windmill; long narrow field ; sand, muck, heavy loam imderdrained; rolling land; crops usually good, 1902, oats; 1903, hay. Z 2, 5'81 acres, Lonetroe ; long narrow field of rolling land, -sand, muck, sandy loam ; underdrained ; fair crops; 1902, corn; 1903, oats. Z 3, 6'66 acres, Observatory; irregular square; sand, sandy loam, clayey loam, clay; underdrained; good crops; 1902, hny; 1903, hay. ROTATIOX ' II.' This rotation is of three years duration and includes roots, soiling crop and pasture in the order named. The land is plowed late in the fall after it has been manured. It is disked the next spring and the roots sown on ridges. The roots receive the usual cultivation and aro of a varied character, including mangels, sugar mangels, REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 pasture and has an area 41-75 acres. 87 Items of Exi^ense in Raising Crop of 1904. Particulars of Crop of 1904. INI.inual Labour. Horse L ibour. (>0 £ § ^ o a: a x: ■~ 9. S O 2 o ti «• p 3 2 2 o i Jic ^ 5 .5 S § s "* o " o >— hr a. o cj c SI C a: - o 1 '?. >. 8 «s "rt ^ ^ O ^ 2; > H H o '■^ :/: ^ ^ H > His. S cts. Hrs Hrs S cts. 1 $ cts. j $ cts. 3 cts. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. $ cts. S Cts. $ Cts. 658| 87 54 41 72 38 111 00 !!!! 4s'25 299 34 21 381 ■••'nis 382,116 382 12 143 00 279 69 27 29 10 41 19 98 5 91 17 99 m 12 85 lOS 07 185 49 7 85 13 25 2 56 135 21,413 32,781 9 13 793i 105 53 610} .... 159 25' 1 1 592 90, 21,413 32,781 143 382,116 592 00 19 2 53 146 .... 3 82^ 14 20 14 20 512 785 3-42 9,152 19 28 19 28 5 08 Hay not cut but field furnished pasturage equivalent to 1 cow on pasture for 143 nios. Z.' includes an area of 18-47 acres. 282 37 60 179 18 15 33 4 80 90 16^ 47 89; . 23il 12 111 . .... j 22 50 |l29 29 21 55 j 76 50; 13 17 6 92 84 87: 12 74 i 163,764 163 76 177 64 161 93 27 28 SO 47 24 32 5 73 136 36 ii',526 ! 17',l6o' 50,756 17 30 11 58 454 60 55 202 39s 82 50 290 66; 15 73 1 11,520J 17,160: 50,756 163,734 8,860 503 33 27 25 27 25 27 25 24-57 3 27 16-3o 214' 4 46'. i i 15 73| 15 73 623! 929' 1 i 2,748 11 52 sugar beets and turnips devoted to pork production for the most part, tlie surplus being sold to cattle and tlie returns invested in meal for pig feeding. The soiling crop field is sown with various crops suitable for feeding to pigs. "What is over and above the amount possible of consumption by pigs is sold to cattle at $2 per ton and the returns nsed to purchase meal for pork production. The pasture area is divided into several parts, the seed being sown as far as pos- sible at the same time as the soiling crops the previous year and not allowed to be eaten too close the first fall, although any good growth is not wasted. H 1, 3'35 acres, Hoglands; rolling, sand and sandy loam; underdrained ; ICO?, pasture; 1903, oats. H 2, 3*15 acres, Hoglands; rolling, sand, hardpan. loam., clayey loam ; under- drained; 1902, pasture; 1903, grain. n 3, 2"85 acres, Hoglands; sloping north; clayey loam, clay, sandy loam, sand; underdrained; 1902, pasture; 1903. rape and hog pasture. ' Slice p Farm.' This rotation of four years duration includes roots, grain, hay, pasture. The area devoted to sheep farming is rather limited, about 10"72 acres. This area is not included in the * 200 acre farm.' The whole field had been for several yeara S8 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ROTATION This rotation of three years duration includes an area of 9 • 35 acres. Lot. Location. Desciiption of Soil. HI jH.S.l 112 1H.S.2 H3 IH.S. 3 O jp.c. ) 30 p.c. 40 p.c, 20 O p.c. p.c. 10 p.c, p.c. Aggregate Average per acre . Ac. Crop. Crop. 1903. 3 35! Grain. 315| 2'85lRape and pas ture . 9-35 1904. Pasture and hay. Roots . . . . Pa.sture and soil- ing crop. a; $ cts. 20 10 IS 90 17 10 56 10 6 00 8 cts. 5 35 3 G9 3 C5 12 69 Lot. Tl. ROTATION This rotation of four years duration is devoted to Location. Description of Soil. O o p. cp. c. p. c. Ip. c S.S. 1., T'' . . . S.S. 2.. T3.' S.S. 3.. T4 S.S. 4., 90' I 85i 100 85 p. c..y>. c. Aggregate Average per acre. W p.c. Crop. Ac. 1903. 151 Pasture. 2 ■ 44 Rape, pastured 3 -27 Pasture. 3-50 Crop. 1901. $ cts. ! § cts. 9 OG 3 90 10 -72 Roots and soiling. Rape,p'stdi 14 (14 [ 2 43 Soiling. . , Pasture. . 19 G2i 6 98 21 00 6 00 64 32; 19 31 G 00 1 80 devoted to pasturing sheep, but it has been divided into four rather unequal fields susceptible of further subdivision and devoted to a rotation considered suitable for sheep. UEPORT OF. TEE AGKICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 'H.' It is as far as possible devoted to pork production. 89 Items of Expense in Raising Crop of 1904. Particulars of Crop of 1904. lIw Horse Labour. TJ £ 0 < 0 T-i 2 1 1 ;|c: ^ 2 £5 c < r1 0 2 i < o w 5 0.2 to s 0 0 e 3. c eS '3 > 0 0 1 d §iJ or-. Id-:z -Sk; £ 0 0 ^ o H H 0 ^ "^ •y ■" t> P^ 1 I $ cts. Hrs Hrs $ cts. $ $ cts. •S cts. Lbs. Mos. Lbs. Lbs. $ Cts. $ Cts. $ Cts, 2 0 27 1 5 2 1 60 27 32 8 15 63 3,580 14,570 38 70 11 55 3 40 493 65 61 65 88 32 23i 60^ 28 12 90 5 87 101 10 26 62 32 10 9 34 132,570 42,735 132 57 44 73 42 09 15 69 9 99 6 35 10 495 30 20 37 • • ■ ■ 155 04 3,580 189,875 216 00, 23 10 6 52 1 I i 1 16 58 16 58 7-80 382 20,307 23 lO' 23 10 6 52 1 1 ' 1 T.' Sheep, it includes an area of 10-72 acres. Items of Expense in Raising Crop of 1904. Manual Labour. Horse Labour. -•^ '■5 S ■> f. ^ 1— 1 £ ?l l-H JS s -C^ 0 S 0 '*' tc ex: 'J 9) ^ c 3 rt rH d'S Ish^ ^ ^ > o Particulars of Crop of 1904. O 100 2 $ cts. 1 Hrs; Hrs, $ cts.! $ | $ cts.| $ cts.) Lbs. 13 33 1 131 0 27' 102 13 60 63^ .... 15 87 3 37 4 OOi . , 8 50 . , 29 66 21 34 35 10 27 00 19 64 8 75 10 73 7 71 9J| 1 271 Gj.. 1 48!. 113 10 10 55 10 55 Mos ^=15 Lbs. Lbs. 30,684 87-i . 73-5i. 143 -6! 40,315 > $ cts.iS cts., 30 08| 20 32 17 42 55 02 28 72 301-2' 28-22 70,999 6,623 131 84 12 29 7 14 16 82 8 21 •S cts, 0 08 *1 01 6 12 0 50 12 30 1 75 12 30 1 75 *Loss. The root field is devoted to -^diite turnips, Swedes, cabbage, Kohl Eabi, thousand headed kale, rape, &c. It comes after the pasture, tlie land being manured and plowed in the fall. 90 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ROTATION Four year rotation, with Deep Description of Soil. Lot. Location. i ■i o Crop. Crop. 1 i s c3 c 1 ayey Lc ay. § ^ s 1 1 f c rt B M 02 o 1 O K C5 W ■< p: m p. C. p. C. p. c. p. c.'p. c. p.c. p.c. 1903. 1904. S cts. % cts. Dl E.P.G.S. 2.. 4.. 20 80 20 80 .. 1 2';Corn 2' II Oats Oat hay... 12 00 12 00 3 20 D2 : ' ' 2 60 D3 6.. 11 8.. 30 70! ... . ....:....! o 2 II Roots 12 00 12 00 2 60 D4 fiO 40 Roots 2 35 ... Aggregate Average Rer Acre 8 48 00 10 75 1 G 00 1 34 ROTATION Four year rotation, "vvith Shallow SI S2 E.P.G.S. 1.. 3.. 5.. 7.. 20 20 30 60 80 ... ' . .!....:....:....' 70.... ...... !........;..... 40.... |....|....^ . Com Oats jOat hay.. 12 OOi 3 20 12 00 2 60 S3 12 00 2 60 S4 11 Roots 12 00 2 35 Aggregate 48 00 10 75 Average per.^ Lcre 6 00 1 34 Grain follows the root land, and with the grain various clovers and grass seeds are sown to prepare for the ensuing two years. The grain may he harvested or f-sed as soiling crop for sheep. The hay field is expected to give one crop of hay and then be devoted to pasture for lambs as soon as they are weaned. The pasture field is the field that has been hay the previous year. Alfalfa, Red clover, Alsike clover, Bromus inermis and Timothy are the clovers and grasses used. T 1, 1'51 acres, Sheeplands; fairly level, quite stony, licht loam; always in pasture till 1904-. T 2, 2'44 acres, Sheeplands; quite level loamy; 1902, grain; 190-3, rape. T 3, 3'27 acres, Sheeplands; rolling, very stony shallow light loam soil: always in pasture till 1901. T 4, 3'50 acres, Sheeplands; slightly rolling sand, sandy loam; 1902, hay; 1900, pasture. ROT.VTIOX 'd.' Dce'p PlouQliing. This rotation is of four years' duration and includes grain, clover hay, mixed clover and timothy hay and roots. HEPORT OF THE ACIilCULTrRIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 'D.' late Fall Plowing Area 8 acres. 91 Items of Exp3n3e in Raising Crop of 1004. Particulars of Crop of 1004. Manual Horse « Labour. Labour. o o < t-1 _ ^ , „ ,21 ■ c oi jj 9) a 3 o < S o 2 2 O ^r- 3 st' ^ M -c ^ o O . o ^' O 3 a o a £ ■"* o o ■^ F J=.2I o O o > c P. ^ "^ "« S ■^ to u f~ ■> a> ^ -' ^ a o a, o c = « £ d .4J ■ ■- ? d « -< f^ oH d'S "Si^ j= •S o =j X C "d 2 a O k5 « > H £^ O - ■s. ^ Lbs. H > P- Hrs. $ cts. Hrs Hrs $ t3 . $ cts. ! $ cts.!$ cts. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. $ cts. S cts. $ cts. 20 2 67 7 60 23| 25f ....! 5 85' 13 8 63' 1 15 1 24 87 12 43 30 S3 15 41 1,916 5,344 • ■■ 1 29 85 33 37 14 92 16 68 2 43 57 9,553 1 27 57 7 60 9^2 13 8 63; .30 83 15 41 1 9 553 S3 37 16 68 1 27 7 30 323J 43 15 44i 23 15 15 72 65 36 32 5,344 87,245 87,245 87 25 43 62 457§ 61 02 118§ 49 38 26 1 159 IS . . . 1,916 19,106 183 84 22 98 3 09 57i 7 63 14|j 6h 4 78 1 19 SO 19 89 239-5 668 2,388 10,905 22 98 22 98 3 09 early Fall Plowing Area 8 acres. 20 57 57 323f 2 67 7 60 7 60 43 15 23» 25? 25? 44i 13 13 23 5 85 8 63 8 63 15 15 1 15 1 i 24 87 12 43 1.916 30 8315 4U'..:. , .30 83 15 41?, ... 72 65 36 .32" . 5,344 . . . . . ! 1 9!.533' . 9,5.33; ■ 87,24.5 29 85' 14 92 S3 37| 16 68 33 37 16 68 87 25 43 62 2 43 1 27 1 27 7 30 1 i 61 02 118j 49 6i 33 26 4 78 159 IS .... , 1 10,066, 87,245 183 84 22 98 3 09 571 7 63 141 j 19 89 19 S9 1 239-5! G'-^S 2,383; 10,905 22 98 22 98 3 09 The grain cro]> is .sown after roots. Afer tlie roots are Iiarvested the land is ploughed 5J inches deep, and then left till the nest spring, when it is harrowed and seeded to oats. With the grain is sown 10 pounds Eed clover, 1 pound Alsike clover and 10 pounds Timothy seed per acre. The clover hay is cut twice in the season, and the second aftermath left on the field, i.e., it is not pastured off. The mixed clover and timothy hay is cut twice if possible and plowed 7 inches deep early in October. Manure is applied and the land replowed in the spring with a shallower fiirrow. The roots are sown on ridges drilled up after the spring ploughing, and receive the usual cultivation. D 1, 2 acres, East Pine Grove; slopes to north-west, is partly underdrained ; sand to rather heavy sandy loam; has given fair crops for most part, but has small 'bad land' spots; 1902, oats; 1903, corn. D 2, 2 acres. East Pine Grove; slopes from both ends to centre; underdraine-d ; sand to heavy loam; has given good crops for most part, but has some 'bad land' spots; 1902, oats; 1903, corn. D 3, 2 acres. East Pine Grove; slopes from both ends to centre; underdrained ; Band to sandy loam, underdrained; good crops; 1902, oats; 1903, corn. 92 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ROTATION This rotation of six years Description of Soil. S Lot. Location. Crop, Crop. £ s 13 •6 CO p.c. § >> c e3 CO p.c. 1 O p.c. Q p.c. o u p. c. o > !3 1 £ ! £ < a c C •V 5 S Seed, twine ai machinery. p.c. p.c. Ac. 1903. 1904. $ cts. S ct«. Ml A.S. 2 ... 30 15 45 10 1 Meadow and Oats 6 00, 1 GO M 2 M 3 A.S. 4 A.S. 6 '.'.'.'. 30 30 15 15 .. . 1^ 4o 10 10 1 1 pasture. ti '. '. Oat hay . . 6 OOi 1 .30 6 00 1 30 Aggregate . . 3 18 OOi -1 -0 Average per I xcre. .... 1 6 OOj 1 40 i ROTATION This rotation of six years duration includes no clover save such Nl N2 N 3 A.S. 3 A.S. 5 A.S. 7 1 1 .... 30 15 .... '30 (15 ....130 Il5 :;;:ig 10 10 10 1 1 1 Meaduw pasture and Oats . . ^Oat hay . . 6 00 G 00 6 00 1 CO 1 30 1 30 Aggrega Average te g 18 00 4 20 1 1 ] 6 00 1 40 1 D 4, 2 acres, East Pine Grove; slopes to south-east; sandy loam; portly under- drained; good crops; 1902, oats; 1903, roots. ROTATIOX ' s.' Shallow Ploughing. This rotation is of 4 years' duration, and includes grain, clover hay, ruixed clover and timothy hay and roots. The grain crop is sown after roots. After the roots are harvested in the fall, the land is ploughed shallow, 4 inches deep, and then left till the next spring, when it is harrowed and seeded to oats. With the grain is sown 10 pounds red clover, 1 pound alsike clover and 10 pounds timothy seed per acre. The clover hay is cut twice in the season and the second aftermath left on the field ; that is, it is not pastured off, as is usually done. The mixed clover and timothj- hay is cut twice if possible, and in Augaist the land plou^rhed with a shallow furrow (exactly 4 inches deep). The land is kept cultivated and harrowed at intervals till late October, when it is ridged up with the double mould board plough. To this field destined for roots, manure is applied during the winter, REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 'M.' duration includes the clover ha v. Area 3 acres. Items of Expense in raising Ci •op of i ■JO 4. T:n ticulars of Crop of 1904. Manual Labour. Horse Labour. i a s> c 1 s 5 ^ =-■ i 2 2 c .-^ 1 ' i _ i X £! - u *i ^ 6 3 > o u 5 "s : ^3 "3|,*^^ ii -j; '5 ■" .= s •j: "«« £ .■te 0 -t^ O ffi n — o o s^ 0 o ^s ^ I -3 ;?; ,^ ;> r- O O ■j: - H > ~ Hrs. $ cts. Hrs Hrs Sets. Scts. Sets. Sets. Ll:.s. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. $ cts. $cts. $cts. 4 0 53 16 i....; 4 00 2 00 16i .... 4 12i 2 m 16|' ...' 4 12$ 0 90 13 04 13 60 13 60 13 04 13 60 13 60 1,403 3,182 21 29 12 85 12 85 21 29 12 85 12 85 S 25 15 3.G70 3,670 7,310 :::::::: *0 75 15 *0 75 34 4 53 40 .... 12 2:. 40 24 13 41 1,493 3,1S2 46 99 15 66 2 25 llj! 1 51 16i| i I 4 08 13 41 13 41 l.i^i'l 15 66 15 60 Lo.ss 'X.' as may happen to get into the field from unknown sources. Area 3 acres. 4 0 53 16 . . 2 00 16^'.. 2 00 16i!.. .. 4 00 . . 4 12i . . 4 12i 0 90 13 04 13 60 13 60 40 24 13 04' 1,493 13 60 3,182 1 3,67o! 21 29 21 20 12 85: 12 85i 12 851 12 S5| 8 25 *0 75 15 13 CO 3,670' *0 75 34 4 53 49 '. . . 12 25 0 90 13 411 1,403 3,182 1,061 7,340 46 99 15 661 2 25 114 1 51 16i .. . . ' 4 OS 0 30 13 41 13 41 498 2.447 15 66 15 66 2 25 " Loss. disked in the spring and the land again ridged up and sown to roots, which receive the usual cultivation. S 1, 2 acres. East Pine Grove; slopes to north-west; is partly underdrained; sand to rather heavy sandy loam; has given fair crops for most part, but has small 'bad land ' area ; 1902, oats ; 1903, corn. S 2, 2 acres, East Pine Grove; slopes from both ends to centre; sand to heavy loam; underdrained for most part; has given good crops for most part but has some ' bad land' spots; 1902, oats; 1903, com. S 3, 2 acres, East Pine Grove; slopes from both ends to centre, underdrained; sand to sandy loam , underdrained ; good crops ; 1902, oats ; 1903, corn. S 4, 2 acres. East Pine Grove; slopes to south-east; sandy loam; partly under- drained ; good crops ; 1902, oats ; 1903, corn. ROTATIOX ' yi.' This rotation of six years duration includes in its crops grain, grain, clover hay and then Timothy hay or mixed hay for three years. The first year, grain is sown on sod plowed late in the fall. In the spring the land is disked, harrowed and sown with 10 pounds of red clover seed per acre at the same H EXPEEIMEXTIL FARMS 4-5 LDWARD VII., A. 1905 ROTATION This rotation of three years duration has no Lot. 01 02 OS Location. A. S. 8. . A. S. 10. A. S. 12 . Description of Soil. p. c. i S cS >, >. >> c c« c5 'XI o p. c. p. c. 30 15 30 1.5 30 15 44 3 e >> f, © a. 7. Cj cJ 3 s O s P.C. P.O. p. c. p.c. Crop, Crop. Ac. 45 liO ! ,.!10 ..iio Aggregate Average per acre . I 1903. 1004. 1 Meadow and Oat hay . . ; pasture. li .1 [Oats O' i; ' $ ct 6 00 6 00 6 00 O) B % cts. 1 30 1 30 1 60 18 GO 4 20 G 00 1 40 ROTATION This rotation of three vears duration PI P2 P3 A. S. 9 [.... A. S. 11 A. S. 13 30 30 30 15 15 15 .... 45 [.. 1 45 1 45 |.. .. 10 .. 10 .. 10 11 Meadow and Oat hay . . 1 pasture. H ., M .. 1 M Oats 6 00 6 00 6 00 1 30 1 30 1 60 Aggregate o 18 00 4 20 i Average per i icre 1 1 1 6 00 1 40 time as the grain is sown. After the grain is harvested the clover is allowed to grow as late as possible and the land plowed the last thing in the fall. The next spring 8 pounds of Red clover and 10 pounds Timothy seed is ?own with the grain and the land put in as good shape as possible. Clover hay follows the second year grain. It is cut twice iu the year and the last aftermath not pastured. Timothy hay or mixed hay then occupies the land for three consecutive years. ]\Ianure is applied in the fall of the second year that the field is under hay. M 1, 1 acre, Ashlands; long narrow field, sandy loam, clayey loam, black muck, liardpan; underdrained ; good crops; 1902, hay; 1903, hay and pasture. M 2, and M 3, are quite similar to ]\I 1 in every respect. The crops of hay on M 2 and J\I 3 this year should not be taken as a fair sample of what may be expected from these fields in the future as it was impossible to have them imder the right kind of hay the first year and so they were put under oat hay. KOT.VTIOX ' X.' This rotation of six years duration includes in its crops grain, grain and Timothy hay for four years. The first years grain is sown on land that had been plowed six inches deep the fall previous. No grass or clover seed of any kind is sown with it. The stubble is plowed REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 clover included in its crops. Area 3 acres. 95 Items of Expense in Raising Crop of 1904. Particulars of Crop of 1904. Manual Labour. Horse Labour. 6 2 -r 0 "rt ^ :S , ^ g 2 > > « L4 S m a 0 rt m « ^ 0 0 0 c ^ ;-. O -— « ci ry 3 S.J2 bo ■^ •^ ^ -C •sfe C O , "o b .c 0 ?^ 5 ej > 0 a.- o --3 . c 3 2 ts w C" O *^ , O or rt — J= 0 0 u _^ 0 0 cj ti '/5 O '^ i^ > H H 0 0 CC X P5 H > Ills. § cts. HrsJHrs § Cts. $ Cts. § cts. $ cts. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. 15 2 GO 16i.... 4 12^ 13 60 13 60 3,670 12 85 12 85 *0 75 15 2 00 161 .. . 16' .... 4 12i 4 00 'i'36 13 60 13 43 13 60 ]3 43 3,G70 7,340 12 85 12 85 *0 75 4 0 53 2,169 2,482 26 65 26 65 13 22 34 4 53 49 12 25 1 30 40 63 13 54 2,169 2,482 j 5235 17 45 3 91 llA 1 51 16i....| 4 08 0 43 13 54 13 54 -23 827 2,447 \ 17 45 J 17 45 3 91 P.' ■ Loss. incluc les clover. Area 3 acres. 15 2 00 2 00 0 53 16J . . . . 16i ... 16 .... 1 4 121: 4 12i 4 00') 1 30 13 60 13 60 j 3,670 3,670 12 85 12 85 12 85 12 85 *0 75 15 13 60 13 60 13 43 13 43 ' 2^169 2^432 . *0 75 4 26 65 26 65 13 22 34 4 53 49 .... 12 25 1 1 30 40 63 13 54 2,169 2,482 7,340 52 35 17 45 3 91 llj 15. 16| •43 4 08 0 43 13 54 13 54 «3 8271 i 2,447 17 45 17 45 3 91 ^Loss. ill the fall and with the grain of the second year Timothy seed is sown at the rate of 12 pounds per acre. Every care is taken to insure a good catch and the land put in a3 good shape as possible to remain in meadow four years. Timothy hay is then the crop for four years, manure being applied in the fall of the second year of hay. N 1, 1 acre, Aslilands; long narrow field, sandy loam, clayey loam, black muck, hardpan; well underdrained ; good crops; 1902, hay; 1903. hay and pasture. X 2, and N 3 are quite similar to X 1 in every particular. ROTATIOX 0. This rotation is of three years duration and includes grain, timothy hay, timothy hay. The field intended for grain is ploughed early in the fall and cultivated at intervab tc insure the sod rottening. It is ploughed again late in the fall and with the grain, the next spring, timothy seed is sown at the rate of 12 Ihs. to the acre. Timothy hay is cut for two yeare and the land again ploughed early in the fall. Manure is applied in the fall of the fii"st year under hay. It was impossible to get the proper fields under timothy hay for this year, so it was necessary to sow oat hay. The results were not very satisfactory, so this year'i? K EXPERIMEISTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 crop on 0 1 and O 2 need not be taken as an example of what may be expected from these fields in the future. 0 1, 1 acre, Ashlands, long narrow field, rolling, sandy loam, clayey loam, black muck, hardpan; underdrained, good crops; 1902, bay; 1903, bay and pasture. O 2, and O 3 are similar to O 1 in every particular. ROTATION ' r.' This rotation is of three years duration and includes grain, clover hay, and timothy hay or mixed hny. The field intended for grain is ploughed early the previous fall and cultivated at intervals to insure the sod rotting. It is again ploughed late in the fall and left till seed time the next spring. With the grain is sown ten pounds clover and ten pounds timothy. Manure is applied in the fall of the first year hay. P 1, 1 acre, Ashlands; long narrow rolling sandy loam^ clayey loam, black muck, hardpan; underdrained; good crops; 1902, hay; 1903, hay and pasture. EXPEEBfENTS WITH GKASSES AND CLOVERS EOR HAY- Some further experiments to gain some information as to the comparative economy of different mixtures of grasses and clovers have been carried on during the year. In comparison witli the usual grass mixture of eight pounds timothy and ten pounds red olover, there were tested several others not so commonly used. Bromus inermis, orchard grass, alfalfa and akike were the other grasses and clovers used. The following table gi^es full particulars of the different plots tested. Particulars of seeding and returns in hay are as follows: — Plotl, 3^ .icres Plot 2, 5 acres &EED SOWX TKU ACRE. Grasses. Lbs. Clovers. Lbs. Timothy f Timothy -I Bromus Inermis 1^ Orchard grass 10 Common Red 8 4 8 Alfalfa 8 8 1 Common Red 6 ', f Timothy Plot 3, 5 acres -[ Bromus Incimis [ Orchard Plot 4 5 acre« -' 5^*"^*^^''^ riot 4, J acres. ^^ Orchard 4!Alsike 2 8 1 Common Red 6 / SjAlfalfa 2 | SlAlsike 2 | Yield of Hay July 5. Yield of Total Hay yieldHay Aug. 18. per lot. Total yieldHay per acre. Tons. lbs. iTons. lbs. |Tons. lbs. 11 1,220 4 760 ! 15 1,980 Uc 42 6 520 I 22 5G0 Plot 5, 5 acres Total .... / Timothy 16: Common Red 6 s'Alsike 2 \ Bromus Inermis 15 91 Common Red 6 48 18 1,267 5 1,970 I 24 1,337 12 1,072 6 1,690 19 762 1 13 192 7 190 I 20 382 n l,793j30 1,150 102 1,021 Tons. lbs. 4 1,137 4 912 4 1,867 3 1,752 4 76 Yield Green Feed Oct. 7. Tons. lbs. 7 330 put in silo 943 330 Very little need be said in explanation or amplification of the above. The early part of the season was very suitable for hay, and the first cut was most excellent in quality and large in quantity. July and August were dry months in the Ottawa district, and consequentlj* the eecond cut was quite light. Plot 2, the seed on which included 8 pounds Alfalfa, was cut a third time, October T, and the material (about 78 per cent Alfalfa) put in the experimental silo. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 PASTURE. 97 None of these particular plots was pastured iu 1904. A plot of 13"75 acres seeded with 10 pounds Timothy and S pounds Common Red clover was under pasture. This plot had been seeded down with oats the previous year. It made a very rapid growth in the spring, and the cattle were turned in May 20. During the season 4,290 days' pasture was furnished hy the lo'T5 acres. This amount of pasture at $1 per mouxh per head would be worth $143, or $10,41 per acre, A field of 5*81 acres of similar seeding yielded during the season 25 tons, 703 pounds haj worth at $7 per ton $177.67, It will, however, be remembered that to harvest the hay cost considerable, about $1.66 per ton. YIELDS AND COST OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF HAT. In the following statement of cost of producing 1 ton and 1 acre of various sorts of hay and hay mixtures, labour, seed, rent and manure are all considered. Where Qiore than one crop was harvested in the year the seed rent and manure were, of course, counted only once. Kind of Hay. Timothj- Timothv R. Clover Alfalfa Timotliy Brome Timothy Alsike Oat hay Oat and Pea hay Cost Cost per Acre per Ton to to grow. I produce. $ cts. 10 75 13 17 13 90 13 77 13 GO 15 41 $ cts. 4 87 3 10 2 S2 7 40 6 4G Yield per Acre. Ton s. lbs. 2 400 4 1,137 4 912 4 1,800 1 1,C70 2 70G Value of Hay per Ton. $ cts. 8 00 7 00 7 00 7 00 7 00 7 00 Remarks. A further aftermath cut for silage not considered in this estimate. TI.MOTIIV. / Timothy is of course the favourite hay for hor.ses. It is, however, usually expen- sive to produce since it yields only one crop in the season, and two tons is considered a very good yield per acre Freedom from dust, good keeping qualities, pahitabihy and wholesomeness are its chief recommendations. It depletes the soil of fertility to a certain extent and very few fields should be left longer than two j'ears under this crop, TIMOTHY AND CLOVI^R. Timothy and Red Clover mixed is a hay that, if well made, can scarcely be sur- passed for any class of live stock, combining as it does in itself, palatability, wliole- somoness, high digestibility, and high nutritive qualities. It is better for hoi-ses than 16—7 98 EXPERIME'STAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 pure Timotliy, and should be fed mueli more extensively than is at present the ease in this country, provided, of course, that it is well made. The Red Clover part of the mixture adds to the fertility of the soil and makes up in some measure for the loss entailed by the growing of the Timothy along with it. ALFALFA. Alfalfa, Timothy and Brome makes a most excellent hay for cattle of all descrip- tions and horses do very well on it. The Alfalfa part of the mixture increases the nitrogen content of the soil, but the other two constituents of the mixture are soil robbers. TIMOTHY AND AT.SIKE. Timothy and Alsike is a hay of a very high value for cattle, but not so good for horses. Timothy is, of course, again a factor in lowering the fertility of the soil, but the Alsike being a perennial clover may be expected to replace at least a portion of the nitrogen removed. OAT IIAT. Oat hay is not a hay that can be recommended to the farmers of this country, as it is expensive, only fairly palatable and not highly nutritious. To give the best re- sults it must be cut the very day it is in the thin milk .stage. x\ny later date means a great loss in palatability. OAT AXD PEA HAY. Oats and pease make a very good hay mixture, but not equal to any of the other hays discussed, save only pure oat hay, which it surpasses for cattle and sheep and at least equals for horses. MIXED CROP EXPERI]ME:N"T. On West Pine Grove field, which had been under corn in 1903, were grown in 1904, in lots of 1 acre each, 7 different sorts of grain or grain mixtures. The aim was to determine if possible the comparative economy of sowing each sort of grain by it- self or mixed with one or more other sorts. This experiment has been carried on for five years now and as the seasons have been quite varied and the soils iised have been of different character each year, it may safely be considered as having been a fair test. The results this year are as follovrs : — Grain, lbs. per acre. Plot 1, pure pease, yielded 1,135 Plot 2, pure barley, yielded 1,G6D Plot 3, pure oats, yielded •. . . 1,GS7 Plot 4, mixture, pease 1 bushel, barley 1 bushel, oats 1 bushel, yielded Ij>o0 Plot 5, mixture, pease 1 bushel, oats 2 bushels, yielded. . . . 1.447 Plot 6, mixture, oats li bushels, barley 1 bushel, yielded. . . . 1.GS9 Plot 7, mixture, wheat ^ bushel, barley f bushel, oats 1 bushel, and pease ^ bushel yielded 1,493 I REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A summary of tlie results for tlie five years is lierewith submitted :— 99 Pounds of Grain per Acrk. 1000. Plot 1, pure pease, yielded Plot 2, pure barley, yielded Plot 3, pure oats, j'ielded Plot 4, mixture, barley 1 bushel, oats 1 bushel, pease 1 bushel, yielded. . . Plot 5, mixture, pease 1 bushel, oats 2 bushels, j'ielded Plot C, mixture, oats 1^ bushels, barley 1 bushel, yielded Plot 7, mixture, wheat h bushel, barley f bushel, oats 1 bushef, pease f bushel, yielded . Plot 8, mixture, oats and pease equal parts by weight, yielded Plot 9, mixture, cats and pease equal parts by measure, yielded 1,101 1,252 2,059 1,559 1,247 1,458 1,5G0 1,341 1001. 1,140 1,070 1,819 746 1,239 888 1,052 1,011 1002. 1,805 2,490 2,495 2,183 2,382 2,360 2,225 2,160 2 16o 1903. 1004. 1,140 1,070 1,819 1,2?8 888 1,052 1,011 1,135 1,662 1,687 1,550 1,447 1,689 1,498 Five year average per acre. Lbs. 1,264 1,507 l,!t7C 1,764 1,455 1,597 1,412 1,401 1,396 The results seem to indicate that, g-enerally speaking, pure grains may be expected to give more pounds to the acre than mixtures. COEN. Owing to difficulty in procuring seed of fair germinable quality, it was necessary to sow considerably more large growing late varieties than was desired. Several mix- tures ncre sown, and herewith are submitted a few notes on the pure lots as well as on the mixed lots. Judging by the stand and the weights secured from some small lots cut before the frost of September 23, the yields from the different lots would have been from three to five tons per acre greater than was the actual yield when cut about the end of September and the first week in October. LEVMIXG. Leaming, 14 T/12 acres sown in drills 42 inches apart on June 1, cut for ensilage September 30. It yielded at the rate of 14 tons 610 lbs. per acre. The stand was very good, but frost coming on September 23 and 24 did a great deal of harm. The corn stood from 8 to 11 feet high and was fairly well cobbed. LOXGFELLOW AND RED COB EXSILAGE. Longfellow and Eed Cob Ensilage, 3]- acres, sown June 8, cut for ensilage. Octo- ber 6. Growth strong and fairly even, well cobbed in late milk at date of cutting. It stood from 8 to 10 feet high. It was badly frozen, but yielded 11 tons 1,968 lbs. per acre. The two made a very good mixture, which would have made excellent ensilage under favourable conditions. SOUTHERN MAMMOTH SWEET AXD EARLY BUTLER. Southern ^lammoth Sweet and Early Butler, 7 acres, sown June G, cut for ensil- age September 28. It made a strong even growth, but showed very few cobs on either 16— 7 i 100 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 sort. It got past the late milk stage before being cut, but suffered very severely from the frost. It stood 7 to 9 feet high, and yielded at the rate of 12 tons 30 lbs. per acre. CUBAN GIAXT AND KING OF THE EARLIEST. Cuban Giant and King of tlie Earliest, 6 7/12 acres, sov,-n June S, cut for ensil- age October 5. This mixture made a strong, even growth, and was fairly well cobbed- iu the milk stage at time of cutting. It stood about 9 feet high, was very badly frozen, but yielded 92 tons 995 pounds, or 14 tons 353 pounds per acre. In a good season for corn this mixture would be a most profitable one to sow, particularly so on early or light soil. KORTII DAKOTA AXD RED COB ENSILAGE. Xorth Dakota and Ked Cob Ensilage, 8 7-12 acres, sown June 7, cut for ensilage September 29. Eather uneven in growth, due to character of soil. Few cobs on Nortli Dakota, none on Ked Cob. Grew 8 to 10 feet high, and yielded 96 tons 1,355 pounds, or at the rate of 11 tons 527 pounds per acre. This mixture to be a success must have a fairly long season. A summary of the cost of growing the whole 40 acres is submitted herewith. For particulars of soil preparation, methods of manuring, &c., the reader is referred to the paragrnplis discussing the different rotations. Cost of growing and returns from 40 acres of corn: — Kent of land at $3 per acre $120 00 Manure at $3 per acre (same allowance made for all crops). 120 00 Ploughing, 25'2 days at $2.50 per day 63 00 Disc harrowing, 12'6 days at $2.50 per day 31 50 Harrowing, 4 days at $2.50 10 00 Seeding, 4 days at $2.50 10 00 Seed, 20 bushels at $1.20 per bushel 24 00 Hoeing, 80 days at $1.33^ per day 106 66 Cultivating, team 32 days at $2.50 per day 80 00 Cultivating, single horse 11'2 days at $1.75 per day 19 60 Cutting with corn harvester, 11'4 days 28 50 Loading, unloading, tramping and putting into silo, 80 days at $1.33J per day 106 66 Drawing with teams, 30*4 days at $2.50 per day 76 00 Twine, 2^ pounds per acre 12 00 Use of machinery at 30 cents per acre 12 00 TJse of engine, &c., 6 days at ,$5 30 00 $849 92 Forty acres yielded 520 tons 1,690 lbs. Average yield per acre, 13 tons 42 lbs. To produce 1 ton ensilage in silo cost $1.63. Cost to produce 1 acre corn in silo ready t/) feed, $21.25. EXPERIMENTAL SILO. Some years ago a small silo was constructed, to be used for the purpose of experi- menting with various crops as material for preservation as ensilage. Different green crops have been tested from time to time, since its construction, as to their fitness for ensilage manufacture, and reported upon in previous reports. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST jqj SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 :.i.t'"es'rs;ni:i?'i,ot»™,r ^^"'" ^"^ -■'* "^^ ^""--s --'--'s ..d 1. Pure corn, late milk stage ^^^• rCorn, late niillc stage. ^'_^*^ 2. li^^Pe c^t when about 15 inches'iug-h; mixed while'goin<: ''''^*^ I through blower or cut box.... ^ " ^ ^.^ o- Pure corn, late milk sta^-e "^'-^^ 4. Pure rape, cut when about Is" inches 'high Af. 5 i<-orn, late milk stage ^'^-*^ 1,002 Total weight put in silo 77777 •±z,uu:5 The silo was emptied in ^arch, 1904, with the following results :- on March 29, gave an excellent sample of ensila-e palatable and sweet. All classes of ^fnoh^I \ f iiL.« As „„t«, above. tir;;/p:?ttrth:li: sfL°.^r,:i- teS! -»-: 7;;-'«o -.^ .^s ..... A loss of about 15 per cent. ''^^^ ^' ^''Zif'.^'f '''"!' ?.^ '''''' ^^'^^^ "^ ^l^<^ proportion ^ ari if :"" '° ''''' °*' ''T' -— d and'fed on ^Uardi 18, gave a very excellent sample of en.ilao-e that seemed to suit the palates of all classes of lorn^d cattle even better than the pure corn ensilage. Xle 10,060 pounds of the mixture was weighed in, only .,680 pounds was taken out, being a lo.s of about S^ per cent. Eemoved from silo. ..... . . * ^" ^ ^^g^ 3. Pure corn, late milk stage, came out in condition' Quite ''' fed 1^ ^ch Ig"' rr'"''' '''°^"' "'^^ *^'-'" -^t and lea Alarch 16 It came out in excellent shape and was eaten with avidity by all classes of cattle It ^ad a pleasant smell, and a rather pleasing ta te I was not eatnery as any one familiax with rape mi oh have anticipated, but seemed quite as crisp and Tl most as fresh as when put into the silo. It seem d to be by far the most popular feed that could be I -en he cattle from among all our succulent fee<£ a they would push the corn ensilage and roots a^ar Jo ge tat the rape ensilage. The chief objection to be raided is this, that the loss in weight while in the silo IS very g.eat. The amount put into the silo K rp, , ^ 2,590 6. The corn and sunflower came out in good shape, and as able bul ^''^'l"""''^" ^''' '''' -- -"-dJi-! able, but no nearly so great as in the case of rape. ' There was placed in the silo 14,470 pounds, while the amount removed was.. "ne ine • 11,500 1C2 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD Vli., A. 1905 6. The iiorse beans were at tlie top, and were spoiled en- tirely. The weight of material taken out, however, was 610 Total weight removed was 29.330 Percentage loss on pure corn 15 per cent of gross weight. " " corn and rape .... 33 " " " " pure rape 5i " " C0MP0SITI02T. For a full discussion of the composition and nutritive value of these mixtures, the reader is referred to the report of the Chemist, but a few remarks might not be out of place here. According to the analysis, the rape on going into the silo showed a dry matter content of 13'95 per cent, of which 1'91 was crude protein. Wlien it came out the dry matter content was found to be 21'81 per cent, of which 2*56 was crude protein. Thus, while the loss is still very considerable, it will be observed that it is not nearly so heavy as might be concluded if the weights alone were considered. When the dry matter content of the rape as it entered the silo is computed it is found to be about 784 pounds, while a calculation shows the dry matter content of the rape ensilage as it came out of the silo to be about 565 pounds, a loss of 219 pounds on 784 pounds, or about 26"5 per cent of loss in the feeding value, as nearly as we m.ay judge of feeding value by the chemical composition. THE EXPERniEXTAL SILO IX" 1901. The experimental silo has been filled again with the following layers and mixtures : — 1. (Top). Pure corn 3,195 „ (Corn 5.910 ) Alfalfa 2,050 3. Alfalfa- (This alfalfa was part of the third crop off a field of mixed clovers and gras.ses. A botanical analysis showed about 22 per cent of other clovers and grasses which were of course left in the mixture when it was put in the silo) 4,920 . ^Oorn 4,450 ■ (Alfalfa • 5,100 jCorn 4.950 5- (Alfalfa 2,210 6. Corn (pure) 3,390 Total in silo 36.175 This silo was filled on October 7, 1904, and will be fed out during the winter. autujain' cultivation. For several years early shallow plowing has been advocated and practised on the 200 acre farm, where meadow or pasture land was to be put in grain the next year. Two years ago a field of 18 acres was divided into 3 six acre parts. BErORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 One part was plowed 4 inclies deep in August, and tlie land cultivated at intervah ■until late in October, when tlie surface soil was gathered together into ridges by means Ox a double mould board plow and put by for the winter. Another part was torn up with a stiff toothed cultivator and the loosened soil so exposed to the sun was moved at intervals to allow the grass to die. Late in the fall the field, was ploughed and put by for the winter. The other field was not touched till late in the fall, when it was plowed about 6J or 7 inches deep and left for the winter. It was impossible to keep track of the returns from each of the parts separately but apijearances were much in favour of the early fall plowing and ridging np. In the fall of 1903 the experiment was repeated and things arranged to permit of a record of the grain crop being secured for each part. Each lot was 5 acres in area. Lot 1. Ploughed late in the fall 6 inches deep, disc harrowed twice and harrowet.1 cnce in the spring, sown with seeder • Yielded 8,553 lbs. of oats. Lot 2. Cultivated 5 times with stiff toothed cultivator, harrowed 5 times and plowed in late autumn about G inches deep, was harrowed once in the spring and sown with the seeder. Yielded 9,995 lbs. oats. Lot 3. Plowed shallow with gang plow in August; cultivated 3 times; harrowed three times, and then the surface soil gathered into ridges for the winter, was cultivated once in the spring, harrowed once and sown with seeder. Yielded 10,815 lbs. oats. The three lots were each seeded with clover. Lot 1 was a poor catch ; lot 2, a fair catch, and lot 3, a very excellent catch. It is to be regretted that lot 3 cannot be left in hay in 1905. Lots 1 and 2 will be in hay, however, and will be watched with interest. The experiment is being re- peated- 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1905 REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST. CW. T. Macoux.) Dr. Wm. Sauxders, Diroetor, Domiuion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. December 1, 1904. Sir,.— I Lave the lionour to sub;nit liei-ewitli tlie eighteenth annual report of this division. In the following pages will be found the results of some of the mo.st important exjperiments conducted during the past year, and information regarding other work done. CHARACTER Or SEASOX. The winter of 1903-4 was the most severe winter that has been experienced in Ottawa for many years, and the past summer has been one of the coolest summers. The frost last winter played great havoc in the orchards of Ontario and Quebec, man5^ fruit trees being killed which had never been previously injured, and' in the Essex district the peach trees were nearly all destroyed. Winter set in on November 10, 1903, and there was suiEcicnt snow for sleighing by November 24, and on tlie 26th of that month the temperature fell to zero. December, Januai'y and February were all very cold months, the temperature only rising above the freezing point three times in December and twice in February, and then only for a short time, there being no real thaw. In January it never thawed. During the winter the temperature fell below zero 58 times, and lower than 20° F. below zero 15 times. In the coldest spell, which lasted from December 26 to January 6,- the minimum temper- ature ranged from 4 to 30 degrees F. below zero for twelve consecutive days, and on 0 of the 12 days it was between 20° and 30° F. below zero. The lowest temperature re- corded during the winter was 30*2° F. below zero on January 5. This continuoti^^ dry, cold weather was very hard on friiit trees and a large number wore killed. For- tunately, there was a good covering of snow all winter and little, if any frost in the ground, so that vegetation below the snow line was practically uninjured. The snow was at its greatest depth on March 21st., when there were about four feet on the level. There was a thaw on March 22, and by April 1. sleighing was practically gone. By April 11, the snow was out of the orchards and the soil in most of the apple and plum orchards was in condition for ploughing at once- The indications were that the injury from mice would have been great if the trees had not been protected, as a few seedling trees not protected were badly injured. April wa.s a very cool month, with much cloudy weather, the highest temperature recorded being 60° F. on the 24th. On the 20th. there was a heavy fall of snow and good .sleighing for cutters. The early part of May was quite warm and owing to the rapid development of the leaves the planting season was much shorter than usual, but it was a tine month for sowing seeds. The highest tem- perature in May was on the 9th., when the thermometer registered S5° F. There were no frosts in May, and in fact none since April 23. June was a much cooler month than usual. The highest temperature was on the 25th, when it was 87"5° F. There was one warm week in July, but the month on the whole was cool and cloudy, and especially cool at nights. The highest temperature during the month was 95° F. on 106 108 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 1905 the 19th. This Avas the ouly day during the summer when it rose to 90 or above. August was also cooler than the average, and while there were a few warm days the temperatvire did not rise very high, 83*5° F. being the highest reached, on the 5th.- The summer was not a favourable one for the ripening of tender vegetables, such as melons and tomatoes, nor for other plants which require warm weather- September was another cool, cloudy month witli much rain and not favourable for the ripening of grapes, of which there was a large crop, but of which, few kinds matured. There was a severe frost on the night of September 21-22, the temperature falling to 27*5° F. j.nd practically everything tender was killed, including tomatoes, melons, corn, cucum- bers, beans and grape leaves. Up to this time, although there had been local white frosts, not registered at the Experimental Farm, there had been no frost recorded and no injury from frost since April 23. October Avas a very cool month with only about one week of fine, pleasant weather. Severe frosts were frequent, the temperature falling to 19° F. on the 31st. and from the 29th on the frost did not leave the ground. as during the early part of jSTovember the weather, though fine, was cold. The frosts were so severe during the second week of November that ploughing was stopped, but most of the frost came out again. Winter set in on November 24, with snow and frost in the ground. FRUIT AXO VEOETABLF. CROPS. In the provinces of Ontario and Quebec the apple crop, althougli an average one in some places, was not quite as large as in 1903, and below the average on the whole, nor was the fruit as good in quality, being smaller and more spotted in most districts. The crop of pears was good, but peaches and plums were light crops. Owing to the very cool summer and autumn, grapes did not ripen as soon nor as well as usual, but there was a good crop in m.ost places, although the black rot was very destructive in some cases. There was a light crop of strawberries in western Ontario owing to winter-killing of the plants, but in eastern Ontario and the province of Quebec the crop, although lighter than usual, was not mucli below the average. The raspberry crop was good. The fruit crop at the Central Experimental Farm was, on the whole, a good one. There was a large crop of apples, the fruit being clean and of good size. There was a fine crop of Americana and Native plums, and the fruit was larger than usual. The strawberry crop, although not as large as in some other seasons, was not much below the average; while currants, raspberries and gooseberries all bore well. There was never a better crop of grapes here, but owing to the cool autumn comparatively few kinds ripened thoroughly. Some kinds of vegetables were not very satisfactory this year owing to the cool weather, the crop of tomatoes being light, and melons almost a total failure except where forced. The yields from the experimental plots of potatoes averaged well. MEETINGS ATTENDED, PLACES VISITED AND ADDRESSES DELIVERED DURING THE YEAR. Annual meeting, Quebec Pomological Society, Hemmingford. December 17-18, 1903. Address: ' Why Fruit Trees Die or Fail to Produce Fruit.' Annual meeting. Nova Scotia Fruit Growers' Association. Bridgewater, N.S., January 27-28, 1901. Address : ' Causes of Failure in Beginning Fruit Growing.' Farmers' Institute Meeting, Orillia, Ont., January, 11-12, 190-1. Address : ' Or- chard Management and Work of the Dominion Experimental Farms.' International meeting. Port Huron, Mich., U.S., March 3-1, 1901. Address: ' Ilardv Fruits for Cold Climates.' Hamilton Horticultural Society, Hamilton. Ont., March 21. 1901. Address : * Hardy Climbers, with Notes on some of the Newer Annuals and Perennials.' ^ Guelph Horticultural Society, Guelph, Ont., March 25, 1901. Address: 'Hardy Climbers for the Homo Grounds.' REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Canadian Florists' Association, Ottawa, Ont., August 0-10-11. Address: 'Hardy Perennials Suitable for Florists.' Orchard meetings, at Cumberland, Hazeldean and City View, Ont., August 15- 16-17, 1904. Address : ' Demonstrations in Orcliard Management.' Summer meeting, Quebec Pomological Society, St. Jerome, Que., August 24-25, 1904. Address: ' Hint^ to Beginners in Fruit Culture.' St. Catharines Horticultural Society, St. Catharines, Ont., September 12, 1904, ' Work of the Horticultural Society.' Annual meeting. Ontario Fruit Growers' Association, Toronto, Ont., Xovember 15-19, 1904. ' Hardy Climbing Plants,' ' Eeport on K^ew Fruits,' ' Discussion on Grape Eots.' The following places were also visited during the year for the purpose of obtain- in^ information which would be of service in furthering the fruit-growing interests of Canada. Returning from the summer meeting of the Quebec Pomological Society, I drove throiigh the fruit districts of Dundas county, Ontario, visiting particularly the orchards of A, D. Harkness and Dr. Harkness, Irena, Ont., and Allan Mcintosh, Dundela, Ont. Here were seen the oldest Mcintosh Red apple trees in existence, in- cluding the original Mcintosh Red tree itself, which is now almost dead. At Irena, Dundela and vicinity there are orchards of Mcintosh Red apples producing from 100 to 200 barrels of this delicious variety. On September 4 and 5 I visited the Toronto Exhibition, and in studying the collections of fruit there, added considerably to my knowledge of varieties. On the occasion of my attendance at the meeting of the St. Catharines Horticultural Society, I took the opportunity of visiting a number of vine^ yards at St. Catharines and Winona in order to study the diseases of the grape which are causing much loss in the vineyards there, the Black Rot especially being very de- structive. From October 17 to 22, I visited the World's Fair at St. Louis and made a careful comparison of the fniit exhibits form the various States and Canada, and had a particularly good opportunity of examining the different collections, as for two days I acted as a temporary judge. Wliile at St. Louis I took the opportunity of visiting the Missouri Botanical Gardens, and in comparing the gardens there with our own, and examining the specimens was able to carry away impressions which may be put to good use. On my way home I visited the orchards of W. H. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont., and others in that district and studied the methods of picking, packing and storing apples employed in this fine apple district. While here I was able to obtain some good finiit for the Canadian exhibit at the World's Fair. ACKXOWLEDGMEXTS. I can but repeat this year the expression of appreciation made in past years of the work done in my department by Mr. J. F. Watson and Mr. H. Holz. The efficient manner in which the work they had to do has been accomplished is both gratifying to myself, and, I believe, a credit to the department. I also again wish to thank all those persons both in Canada and the United States who have, by the information so kindly furnished and- by the plants, scions and seeds donated, and in other ways, aided me in trying to promote the horticultural interests of Canada. DOXATIOXS. There has been a large number of donations again this year which are gratefully acknowledged herewith. Some of the most valuable and interesting things which have been tested by the horticultural division are received in this way : — 108 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Sender. Donation. Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass 100 species Crataegus and other plants. D. F. Aikln, Farmingion, Minn Scions, seedling apple. H. Beyer. New London, Iowa 6 plants Everbearing raspberry. Botanic Garden, Upsala. Sweden Collection of seeds. R. Brodie, Westmount, Q Scions, Ogilvie apple. Botanic Garden, Lausanne, Switzerland 66 packages of seeds. Botanic Garden, Karlsruhe, Baden 58 packages of seeds. Thos. Connolly, Lindsay, O Scions, seedling apple. \Vm. Craig, Abbotsford, Q Scions, Victoria apple. Mr. L. Cameron, Iroquois, O Buds of seedless apple. J. K. Darling, Almonte, 0 Scions, unknown apple. B. Edwards, Covey Hill, Q Apple scions. Geo. Eraser, Ucluelet, B.C Plants of " Pyrus rivularis." H. N. Grant, Xewtonbrook, O Scions, seedling apple. A. Harkness, Lancaster, O Scions, unknown apple. Robert Hamilton. Grenville, Q Scions, seedling apple. A, D. Harkness, Irena, Ont Scions, seedless apple. C. P. Hanon, Mount St. Hilaire, Q Scions of red apple. N. E. Jack, Chateauguay Basin, Q Queen Mary plum scions. Daniel, Lack, Lindsay, Ont Scions, seedling apple. J. S. Littooy, Everett, Wash 6 plants Superlative raspberry . Prof. J. Macoun, Ottawa, Ont Bulbs of " Erythronium grandiflorum." E. Morris, Fonthill, Ont Scions, McDonald apple. Prof. J. Macoun, Ottawa, Out Evergreens from Rocky Mountains. D. C. McKinnon, Atherley, O Scions, seedling apple. Geo. H. McMillan, Dunbar, O I case of Bug Death. New York Experiment Station, Geneva, X.Y.... Scions, seedling apple. C. P. Xewman, Lachine Locks ,Q Grape cuttings. Scions, seedling apple like Mcintosh also A. W. Peart, Leamington, O | Williams' Favorite. E. M. Richardson, Toronto, O Scions, unknown apple. Heber Rawlings, Forest, O Ash Leaf Kidney potato. Royal Gardens^ Kew, England Collection of seeds. Royal Botanic Gardens, St. Petersburg, Russia. Packages of seeds. N. Smith & Son, Adrian. Mich 6 plants *' Helianthus sparsifolla." C. H. Snow, Cumming's Bridge, O Scions, Red Sports of St. Lawrence apple. C. L. Stephens, Orillia. Ont 'Scions, hardy peach and Red Russet apple. F. G. Semple, Brule, X.S Scions, unknown apple. Stark Bros., Lousiana, Mo Scions, E. 5, Z. 26, Bay and Black Ben Davis I anples. C. L. Stephens, Orillia, O Scions, apples and plums. Wm. Stark, Kelso, Scotland Northern Star potato. A. E. Sherrington, Walkerton, O Scions, Sweet Bough and X'orthern Spy apples. Robert Thompson, St. Catharines, Ont Scions, unknown apple. Prof. F. A. Waugh, Amherst, Mass Plants of " Prunus Besseyi." H. E. Wright, Summerside, P.E.I |Scions, Abegweit plum. C. W. Young, St. Stephen, N.B 2 Dickey Bug Death Dusters. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. T. MACOU]S^ Horticulturist. APPLES. The winter o£ 1903-4 was the severest in the history of the Central Experimental Farm and the eoldest on record in this district. In the orchards at the farm, 306 apple trees were killed, including 164 varieties. Owing to the good covering of snow there was ro root killing, many trees being merely killed to the snow line, this point being REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 clearly marked on the trunk in most cases. The vacancies caused by the death of the trees were most of them filled by varieties not hitherto tested, and by those which had oroven hardj' and were desired in larger numbers. APPLE caop. Notwithstanding the severe winter, the apple crop was good at the farm this year md the fruit was clean, being without spot and exceptionally free from Codling Moth. SEEDLING AXD CROSS-BKED APPLES. This year 192 seedlings of good varieties were added to those planted during the past four years, making the total number of apple seedlings of good varieties 1,788. Some work in cross-breeding apples was also accomplished, and the seeds obtained were sown this autumn. Some of the trees of the crosses between Mcintosh Eed and Lawver are approaching fruiting age and some good varieties are hoped for from these, as well as from the seedlings. This year 17 different crosses between McMahon White and Scott's "Winter fruited, but although most of tliese resembled either or both parents ia some respects, it is doubtful if any of them will be superior. There are three resembling Scott's Winter, but larger, which possibly may be useful. EFFECTS OF WINTER KILLING ON TOP GRAFTED TREES. During the past six years, 90 varieties of apples have been top grafted on hardy stocks with the object of determining whether varieties which would not succeed when grown in the ordinary way would prove satisfactory when top grafted on stocks having hardy trunks. The experiment was proving very interesting and some varieties were apparently going to succeed when tested in this way, but last winter came and killed practiccilly all those which had proven tender when tried as standard trees. Anyone who thinks that hardy stocks will make the graft noticeably hardier will have abundant proof that such is not the case from the following table. The dividing line between graft and stock was very marked in all cases examined. A Xorthern Spy, which had been top grafted on Duchess for 13 years, was killed completely back to the stock, which was as healthy as ever; and many other instances might be quoted. Two varie- ties of apples were top grafted on Wealthy in 1891. One of these, the Milwaukee, a hardy variety, aiid another, the Martha. Each variety occupied about half the top of the tree. The Martha was all killed, while the Milwaukee remained alive and bore a good crop of fruit. Top grafting will bring a ti'ee into bearing sooner and will per- mit of growing varieties which sunscald on the trunk or are weak in the trunk in other respects, but the grafts if made any hardier are not sufficiently so to stand very severe winters. In the following table will be found the names of the varieties of apples, IGl in number, which were killed last winter with the earliest dates of planting or top graftinj? the trees killed. Other varieties had been killed previous to last winter which are not recorded in this table, the Ben Davis being one of these. There were a few varieties of which one or more trees were killed, but others left iminjured, which are not in- cluded in the table, as they had proven so hardy up to last winter in this district. Among these may be mentioned American Golden Kusset, Pewaukee, Baxter, and Canada Red, which are hardy enough to be given a further trial : — 110 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-B EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Varieties of Apples Winter-killed, 1903-1904. Name. Number of Standard or Top-grafted Trees, Winter- killed, 1003- 1904. First Dates of Planting or Top-grafting ■lt.gr. It. gr 1st., 2t.gr. 1st Allen's Choice 2 3t. AUington Pippin J 1 st . Almond Reinette 1 st. Arctls 1st. Arkansas Black 12 st. Aport (White Alexander) 1 st, Aurora Baldwin Bayard Williams Belle de Boskoop 1 st., 1 t. gr Bedfordshire FoundUng-. jl st Black Annette 1 st Blenheim Pippin 2 st., 1 t. gr Bohemian Favorite jl st Boiken i4 st Boy's Delight ^3 st., 1 1. gr . Bottk Greening II st Braniley's Seedling 12 st 15urlovka ^2 st Carliss Red |1 *• gr Carthouse jl st Chenango Strawberry ... 1 st Chelibi... Cooper's Market Col vert Cox's Orange Pippin Delicious Dempsey No. 80 Devonshire Quarrenden. Dr. Noyes • Dr. Walker Domine Duffey's Seedling Ecklinville Seedling Edgehill Eisike Empress English Pippin Esopus Spitzenburg Fall Jenetting Fall Pippin Fallawater . Fameuse Noire l<'illipa's Apfel Flat Aport Flushing Spitzenburg. . Forest No. 3 Forest No. 4 (jascoigne's Seedling. . . Cano Ghent T Gideon No. 20 1st Graham, I. J., from . . . ]! st Golden Stone 1 1- gr • Goode 1 St. ... Gravenstein 1 1. gr. . Greenfield Seedling 1 st Grimes' Golden |2 t. gr. Hebble il st 1 st 1st 1 st 2t.gr 1st 1st 1 st 1 st 2st... 1 st It. gr 1st 2st 2st 1st It. gr 1st., 2t.gr, 3 t. gr. . . 1st 2 St., 2t.gr 3 st 1st 1 st 2 St., 1 t. gr 1st 1st 1 st 4 st 2 St., 1 1. gr Henzen's Gravenstein. Hofgertner Braun Holly Hoover's Seedling . . . . Hoover's Red Seedling 1st., 1st., 1st.. 1st. 1st.. pi. 1897. pi. 1899. pi. 1895. nl.'98, t.g.'97 pi. 189G. pi. 1897. gr., 1900. pl.'OO, t.g.'99 pi. 1899. pl.'OO, t.g.'98 pi. 1899. pi. 1899. pl.'97, t.g.'OS pi. 1903. pi. 1S92. pl.'97, t.g.'Ol pi. 1900. pi. 1902. pi. 1888. t. gr., 1900. pi. 1903 pi. 1900. pi. 189G. 1)1. 1900. pi. 1903. t. gr., 1903. 1)1. 1901. pi. 1895. pi. 1899. pi. 1903. pi. 1891. pi. 1901. t. gr., 1901 pi. 1902. pi. 1893. pi. 1895. pi. 1899. gr., 1896. pl.'OO, t.g.'02 gr., 1900. pi. 1900. pi. '00, t.g.'98 pi. 1893. pi. 1899. 1 pi. 1901. pi, '02, t.g.'OS pi. 1901. pi. 1901. pi. 1901. pi. 1901. pi. '95, t.g.'OS pi. 1902. . pi. 1901. t. gr.,1891. .pi. 1900. It. gr.,1903. . I pi. 1899. t. gr.,1903. .pi. 1901. .pi. 1899. . pi. 1899. . pi. 1901 . .'pi. 1898. .pi. 1897. Name. Number of Standard or Top-grafted Trees Winter- killed, 1903- 1904. Hubbardston It. gr . Huntsman 1st .., Hurlbut lt.gr Hybrid No. 37 (Iowa) . . . 1 st .Tacob's Sweet . . , 1 st. . . Johnston, A.sa, No.2,fromll st Johnston, Asa, No. 7, from 1 1 st. . Kara Synap Keswick Codliii Kinkead Kmg Knight's Greening Knight's No. 2 La Victoire Lady Lady Sudeley Lady Washington . . . . Lake's Pippin Lanark Greening Lamb Abbey Pearmain.. Lane's Prince Albert Lawyer ... Leaf, W. H., from Legal Tender Lord's Late liouise Mann Marsh, J. D., from Martha (not crab) Messenger, R., from .... Merrit Milding Minkler Missi luri Pippin Mitchell's No. 5 Mother McCallum No. 102 McLure Pippin New Winter H'wthornd'n Neweli's Winter Nodhead Northern Spy Ontario Peasegood Nonsdch Perry's Russet Ponime Grise Primate Princess Louise II of Denmark Ram-tjav, A. J.,No. 2, from [{ed Detroit . . . Red Subluck . . R. I. Greening. Ribston Pippin Rockwood Rome Beauty. . Rubicon Ruby Gem St. Johnsbury Salome Sambo Saxton jl st. Senecal 1st. Shackleford 2 st. 2 St.. ] t. ^ I St., 1 t. orr. 2st ":.. It. gr ist 1st ... 1st l.st 1st 1 st 1 st 1 st 1st 2st 6 St., 1 t. gr 1st 1st It. gr 2st 3 st 1st It. gr. . . It. gr 1st 2 st 1st 3 St., 1 t. gr. 2st, It. gr 1 st It. gr l.st 1 t. gr . . - . 2 St., 1 t. gr. 1st., 2t.gr. 3t. gr 1 st 1 st 1 st 2 t. gr 1 st 1 st 1st 2 st 2 st 1 St., 1 t. gr 3 St., 1 1. gr It. gr It. gr . .. 2st 3 st 1 st 3 st 2st First Dates of Planting or Top-grafting t. gr.,1903. pi. 1891 . t. gr.. 1901. pi. 1897. pi. 1900. pi. 1902. pi. 1901 . pl.'OG, t.g.'9l pl.'OO, t.g.'O.S pi. 1902. t. gr.,1901. pi. 1901. pi. 1899. pi. 1902. pi. 1888. pi. 1899. pi. 1897. pi. 1896. pi. 1902. pi. 1902. pi. 1809. pl.'99, t.g.'99 pi. 1897. pi. 190] . t. gr.,1899. pi. 1893. pi. 1890. pi. 1901. t. gr.,1891. t. gr.,1903. pM901. pi. 1897. I pi. 1893. pi. '90, t.g.'02 pi 1896. t. gr.,1900. pi. 1899. t. gr.,1901. pi. 1900. t. gr.,1903. pl.'99, t.g.'OS pl.'99, t.g.'91 t. gr.. 1899. pi. 1899. pi. 1900. pi. 1888. t. gr.,1900. pi. 1899. pi. 1899. pi. 1898. pi. 1901. pi. 1895. pl.'OO, t.g.'03 .! pi. '00, t.g.'OS .It. gr., 1902. .it. gr.,1902. .ipl. ISfl."). ipl. 1893. 'pi. 1899. |)1. 1883. pi. 1895. pi. 1899. pi. 1899. pi. 1899. REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Varieties of Apples Winter-killed, 190o-100i— Concluded. Name. Niunder | of Standarrl ; ov Top-grafted Tvte.s, Wiiiter- liilled, 1003- 1901. Shannon !1 st. .Sklianka 2 st. Smith's Cider '1 st. Spencer '2 nt. Springdale '1 st . Starr Stark Stettin No. 80 1st. First Dates of Planting or Top-grafting Name. 1 t. 2st.._ 3 St., 2 t. firr Stuart's Golden lit. sr Sturm er Pippin Sugar Sweet . . . . Sutton Beauty . Sunimer King . Svintzovka Swaar The Jake The Queen . . . . Tom Putt Trdika 1 St. . . . 1 St. . . 1 t. gr 1 St. . . 1 St. . . . ] St. . . . 1 St. . . . 4 St 1 St. . . . 1 St. . . [.1. 1000. pi. 1888. pi. i;)02. ipl.'Dl. t.g.'02 ip!. l!-lt7 j pi. 1899. Ipl.'OK t.g.'OS pi. 1S9G. t. gr., 1903. pi. 1902. pi. 1S93. t. gr.,1902. pi. 1903. pi. 1S92. pi. 1900. pi. 1S90. pi. 1901. pi. 1902. pi. 1899. Number of Standard I or I First Dates Top-grafted of Trees, | Planting or Winter- :Top-grafting killed, 1903- 1902. Teiinont Sweet . . . , 2 st Wagener 1 2 t. gr Walworth Pii;pin 1 1 st Warner's King 1st Washmgton Koyal lit. gr , Westfield Seek No Fur- 1 ther 1} St.. 1 t. gi- Willow Twig jlst.' Windsor Chief il st , Winesap . 2 st , Winter Banana It. gr . . . . Winter Bough 2 st* Winter Duchess Il st Winter Calviile 1st Winter Maiden's Blush.. 13 st Winter Rambour . .. Yellow Bellflower.. York Imperial 1st... 2t. gr. 1 t. gr, pi. 1899. t. gr.,1902. I pi. 189.5. ipl. 1892. It. gr., 1903. 'pi. '90, t.g.'Ol I pi. 1903. Ipl. 189:.. pi. 1000. t. gr., 1903. pi. 1889. pi. 1880. pi. 1899. pi. 1899. pi. 1895. t. gr., 1901. t. gr.,1901. IJevised List of varieties of apples recommended for the province of Ontario between latititdes 45° and 46° and along the north side of the St. Lawrence river in the province of Quebec to about Three Eivers (District Xo. 7, Bulletin ST."* Owing to the winter killing of some varieties of apples last winter, which were previously thought to be hurdy, it is necessary to revise the list of apples recommended for this district. The only important changes which occur, however, are in the winter varieties. Summer. — Yellow Transparent. Duchess of Oldenburg. Autumn. — St. Lawrence, Wealthy, Alexander. Early Winter. — Mcintosh Red, Fameuse. Winter. — Scott's Winter, Milwaukee, Korth Western Greening, Canada Baldwin, and Golden Russet in the more favoured localities. Additional varieties suggested for home use : — Summer. — Lowland Raspberry, Early Joe, Russell, Dyer, Winter. — Swayzie Pomme Grise, Grimes Golden. A CLOSE-PLANTED WEALTHY ORCHARD. In the Annual Report for 1902, an account was given of a close-planted orchard of Wealthy apple trees. The receipts and expenses in connection with this orchard, from the time the trees were planted until the autumn of 1902, were published in that report. It was shown that from a little less than one-third of an acre of trees planted 10 by 10 feet apart in the spring of 1896 the receipts had been $307.01, or at the rate of $940.15 per acre, and the expenses per acre $454.62, leaving the net receipts per acre $485.53. The trees began bearing well in 1899 and the receipts represent the money obtained for the fruit for four years' crops. These net receipts meant an aver- age per year of fruiting of $121.38 per acre. There are 131 trees in this orchard left out of an original niimber of 144. 112 EXPEIilAlEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The crop in 1903 was a light one, being 161 gallons picked fruit, and 1G2 gallons windfalls, or a total crop of about 13i barrels, but this year it was verj- good, and while the fruit was smaller it was highly coloured, and sold as well as could be ex- pected on such a glutted market as there was this year. In the following table will be found the receipts and expenditure from the year 1S99, when the trees began to bear well, until the autumn of 1904. The expenses be- fore 1S99, including rent of land, cost of trees, planting and cultivating are estimated at $150 per acre. Receipts. Estimated per acre. 1S99-1902 $ 307 01 $.910 15* 1903, sold SS baskets at ITi cts 20 80 C2 92 1901 " 60 boxes (Dublin) Is. 6d. ($1.09) 65 40 197 83 •' 30 boxes 3s. 6d. (85ct5) 25 50 77 14 " 30 boxes (Glasgow) 5s. ($1.22; . . 36 60 110 71 " 46 baskets at 20cts 9 20 27 83 " 42 baskets at 17^ cts 7 35 22 23 '• 53 bags (X grade) 30cts 15 90 48 10 Total receipts, 1899-1904 $ 487 76 $1,486 91 Expenses. Estimated per acre. 1896-1899 — Estimated expenses per acre including rent of land, cost of trees, planting and cultivating. ... $ I.jO 00 1899-1902 (For details see report for 1902). Total ex- penses per acre 454 62 1903, Kent of land 3 00 Spraying 9 44 Cost of baskets (baskets at 5J cts. each) 14 64 Cost of picking 8 05 Cost of packing 5 32 Commission on sales 6 29 1904, Kent of land 3 00 Spraying 9 44 Cost of boxes and baskets (boxes at 14J cts., baskets 6i cts) 69 27 Cost of picking 60 50 Cost of packing and grading fruit in boxes, including excelsior and cardboard 69 01 Cost of packing baskets 5 32 Freight, «fcc., on boxes of fruit sold 115 24 Commission on fruit sold in boxes 11 62 Commission on fruit sold in baskets 4 99 Total expenses, 1896-1904 $ 999 75 Total receipts per acre, 1896-1904 $1,486 91 Total expenses per acre, 1896-1904 999 75 Xct receipts $ 487 IG Average profit per acre per year, 1806-1904. . $ 54 13 Average profit per acre per year, 1899-1904. . 106 19 •Part of this estimate of $040.15 is based on the yields from 139 trees and part from 144. Five trees died previous to 1800 and were not replaced, hence it was considered fairer to esti mate from those that remained. In 1902 and since, however, the yields have been estimated on the area occupied by the original plantation of 144 trees, as this area now is fully occupied br the trees. Wealthy Apple Orchard (close planted) in Bloom. ^:--V' t' --■"■^«^?*'"^ riilj Frunl.T. SJi'jtt.) Apple Tree top grafted with Two Varieties. (One variety winter killed, other uninjured and REiiuiRiNG props to support load of fruit.) Horse Bean cover crop shown in the foreground. EEPOKT OF THE HOKTICILTUKIST 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 These expenses are estimated from about one-third of an acre and on the ai^sump- tion that the percentage of sales in boxes and bsakets would be the same from a full acre. There was no expense for cultivating either in 1903 or 1004, as the trees being close, cultivation was impracticable. There was no expenditure on barn-yard manure or chemical fertilizers in 1903 or 1004, as none were applied up to the time of making these calculations. While this system of close planting is not recommended for general adoption, it is well worthy of a trial by fruit specialists who will give sufficient attention to it. Only a few varieties of apples are suitable for close planting. Wealthy being one of the best, and Wagener probably almost as good, on account of their early bearing habit. The Wealthy orchard at the Central Experimental Farm will receive a good dressing of barnyard manure this v.-inter. As the trees are now meeting and it would be un- wise to continue to grow them, as thick any longer, an experiment will be tried next spring of heading back a proportion of the trees severely, the object being to re-head the trees alternatively, thus keeping up the vigour and allowing light to get at the fruit. If this is not found satisfactory some of tlie trees will be removed altogether. The total crop this year on about one-tliird of an acre was 2,134 gallons, about 90 bari"els, or at the rate of about 270 barrels to the acre. Thtere were 564 gallons wind- falls and 1.570 gallons picked fruit. There are still 131 trees of the original 14-1 alive, most of them in a thrifty condition. EXPERIMENTAL APPLE SIIIPMEXTS TO IRELANn AXD SCOTLAND IN 1004. In 1902 and 1903 experimental sliipments of apples in boxes were made to Glas- gow, Scotland, with gratifying results, both in regard to the condition in which the fruit arrived on the other side and in the prices obtained for it. The information furnished in the annual report regarding sales and cost of shipment proved very ac- c^eptable to growers in Canada who had not had any experience in shipping apples and who did not know how to go about it. As agents in Ireland had been requesting Canadian fruit growers to give the Irish market a trial this year, it was thought that useful information would be ob- tained by making some experimental shipments there. This was considered particular- ly desirable this year when there was such a large crop of apples in England and it was thought the Irish market would not be as well supplied with home-grown fruit, and better prices would therefore be obtained. The crop in Ireland, 'however, was a very large one also, and the prices obtained for stimmer and autiunn apples from Can- ada was low, in some cas^ not covering the cost of shipment. Six shipments in all were made, four being to Belfast, Ireland, one to Dublin. Ireland, and one in Glasgow, Scotland, for comparison. All the apples were packed in boxes 10 x 11 x 20 inches, inside measurement. The fruit was placed in regular rows and tiers in the boxes with a sheet of cardboard above and below and a very little excelsior between the cardboard and the sides of the box. The Charlamoif ap- ples in the second shipment were wrapped in tissue paper, and the Anis and Winter Stripe in the third shipment, the others were not wrapped. As a rule the apples were well coloured but still hard, with the exception of the Duchess apples in the tirst ship- ment, which were not as well coloured as in the second, being picked earlier. The fruit was inspected by the Dominion fruit inspectors at Montreal and all graded XXX. ' Following is a table showing the prices obtained for the different varieties, the d^te and steamer on which they were shipped : name of variety, number of boxes, selling price per box, destination and route, and whether sent in cold storage or not. It will be sten from the tiihh below that fair profits for the season were had fi"om ths Dublin and Glasgx)w shipments. The fruit sent to Belfast realized considerably hjss. The charges on these are not yet available, but it is exi)ected the returns will not d.'' much more than cover expenses. 16—8 114 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDV/ARD VII., A. 1905 Destination and Route. 1004. Ang. 20iBelfastt'ict Liverpool (cold storage) ., 27 ,. 27 Sept. 14 Belfast (direct) .. 14 .. „ 14 „ ., 14 „ .. 14! .. Dublin (direct). . Glasgow (direct) 30 Belfast (direct) . 30! Name of Steamer. Name , of Variety. Dominion. . Vancouver. Bray Head. Inishowen Head Parthenia, .... Dunmore Head.. Duchess CharlamofF (Pointed Pipka Antonovka Anis Dudley Winter Stripe. , McMahon White.. Wealthy , Patten's Greening. Wealthy McMahon White. ;^ = 2 c^'i i'c - S S S s.5^ S 8 3. d. cts. loo; 2 i)o, 70j 3 461 1 24! 2 12j 2 12 2 T§I3 SO -■ 30 10 20 .$ cts. 5 3 0 I 66 79 - 31 28 35 48 12 55 The following quotations from letters received from the consignees show the condition in which the fruit arrived, and give the criticisms made upon it. These are published for the guidance of fruit growers in the future. It is very satisfactory tc know that no complaints were made with regard to the packing of the fniit nor of The condition in which it arrived. REPORT OF FIRST SIIIPMEXT OF DUCHESS APPLES IN COLD STORAGE TO BELFAST, IRELAND. * Belfast, September 7,, 190-4. * I have received the 100 boxes of Duchess apples this week, and the quality of the apples is rather disappointing, ao it is not good enough for eating, and for cooking, Ibuyers prefer our own Irish, apples which, are an exceptionally good crop this year and very cheap. Had they been a nice good keeping eating apple and a good colour, I could have sold them, I third?, very well. They are certainly very well put up and the pack- ing very good, in fact, one of the largest buyers told me he would take the whole of the apples if they had been suitable, but he would not take a box when he saw them. He said he was quite prepared to pay me 4d. for as many of the empty boxes as I could get him, but the apples to him were useless, as they would not suit his customers at all. What we want is a nice dessert apple. We have plenty of the cooking grade here- There was only one buyer that would make me an offer at all, and the best he would make me was 2s. per box ex quay.* (Signed) 'HUGH GORDOX.' extract FR0^[ report of SECOND SHIPMENT (dUCIIESS AND CIIARLAMOFF). Belfast, September 14, 1904. * The second consignment of apples has arrived, and as requested, I have examined the boxes and notice the way you have them packed. They are certainly very well put up, but some of the largest fruit merchants here state that they are the wrong kind of apples (they were Duchess and Charlamoft') you are shipping, as they will REPORT OF THi: HORTICULTIRIST 115 SESSIOiNAL PAPER No. 16 keep no time and would have to be disposed of immediately they arrive, and as there id considerable risk to the buyer, he will not be willing to give a very big price for them, as the Irish apples are so plentiful this year and are being sold at very low prices. One of the largest fruit merchants in Belfast informed me that if you could get him any barrels of Alexander apples that he would have a ready sale for them, in fact, he said that the demand was entirely on barreled apples as the boxes were difficult to place, as there is so very little bulk, and of course the prices must bo higher in consequence of the expense of packing. Have only been able to get Ss. 6d. for Pipkas (Charlamoff) and 23. for Duchess ex quay Belfast.' (Signed) 'HUGH GOKDON.' EXTRACT FROil REPORT OF THIRD SHIP3.IE^'T (A^'TO^'OVKA., WINTER STRIPE, AXIS, DUDLEY). •Belfast, October 27, 190i. 'Be 100 boxes of apples, they came in good order, but as I have already wrote you, you are not shipping the right sort of apple at all. What we want is a good eating apple somewhat similar to good Baldwins and packed in barrels- Apples are so very cheap here that it is impossible to get a decent price for them, and I don't know what you thinlv of the grade you are shipping, but buyers do not care for them at all, the flavour not being nice like Baldwins. I sold 46 boxes at Is. 6d. per box. Winter Stripe, Anis, Dudley and Mc^rahon White, I sold at 2s. 6d. per box, less the freight, so that after deducting the freight I have practically iK>tliiug left for the apples. As you are aware, this is a very bad year for experimenting with apples, and I believe that apples in barrels would do a great deal better than in boxes as they would come cheaper.' (Signed) HUGH GOEDON. EXTRACT FROM REPORT OF FOURTH SHIPMENT (wEALTHY). Dublin, October 19, 1901. 'I duly received the consig-nment of 100 boxes. Wealthies per SS. Innisliown Head. They arrived in very good condition, presenting a fine appearance wlien opened. The only thing I noticed in respect to the boxes was that a few of them had the end pieces broken across, but this did not cause any damage to the contents. The trip occupied twelve days and it was four days after the steamer arrived here before I got delivery, thus making sixteen days from the time of shipment, and considering that the con- signment did not come in cold storage, the result was very satisfactory, as the whole lot looked as well as could be desired. If this direct shipment can be utilized by Canadian shippers it would mean a very large saving in rates. The prices realized for this consignment, namely : 30 boxes at 3s. 6d. and TO at 4s. Gd. were not as high as I expected, but this was owing to the enormous crop of Irish grown apples on the n^arket and some very large consignments of States fruit. The crop of Irish apples this year is the largest for ten years, but will be very quickly worked oflf. The con- signment you sent is the very thing we want here ; good colour and sound, well packed. There is no market for Canadian or American green apples suitable only for cooking.' (Signed) 'J. H. SHERIDAX.* EXTRACT FnO:M REPORT OF FIFTH SIIIP:MENT (pATTEn's GREENING, AND WEALTHY). 'Glascoav, October 19, 1904. ' I beg to send you herewith account sale for your consignment of 40 box^ apples ex steamer Pariltenian. and draft for £5 lis. Id. sterling in settlement of net proceeds, which please acknowledge. I can assure you we did the very best possible with this lot of apples, and trust that the result is satisfactory to you. They arrived here in 16— Si 116 EXPERIMENTAL FARM 8 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 prime condition and sold avcII under the conditions of the market. As you are doubt- less, aware, large quantities of apples have been coming on the British markets this season and prices have ruled low, but for good coloured fruit lately we have experienced a strong demand in view of the near approach of Hallowe'en festivities, while for green fiiiit, --ucli as Greening, Colverts and such like varieties, there has been a very poor sale owing to the large quantities of English and continental of like description. (Signed) ' THOS. EUSSELL.' EXTRACT FROM REPORT OF SIXTH SniPMEXT (WEALTHY AND Ji'mAHON WIHTE). ' Belfast, November 19, 1904. ' With reference to the last consignment of 25 boxes of apples, Wealthy and Mc- Mahon White, the Wealthy apples were certainly very nice, good flavour, but of course a shade smaller. I was unable to get a very big price for them. As I explained to you before, the Irish apples were so very plentiful, I sold them at 3s. a box to Lennon Bros, Are you able to quote apples in barrels yet, as there is a far greater demand for them than the boxes ? 'HUGH GOEDOX' (per). seedling fruits. There have not been quite as many seedlings sent in this year as in 1903, but most of those received were above the average seedlings sent in for examination in the past. Full descriptions are published of those whi-ch were thought to be the most promising, and partial descriptions of those which are not of special merit. As scions of most of the best seedlings which are received from year to year are obtained from the grower, a very fine collection of seedlings is being got together here, gome of which should prove superior to those now generally gro'U'n. It is hoped that anyone who has a promising seedling will send fruit for examina- tion to the Horticulturist, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. All the seedlings described below are apples, with the exception of one plum. 291. J. Gossley, Eichmond Hill, Ont. — (No. 12 seedling). Medium size, sparsely splashed with purplish red. Quality good, but not attractive. Season, winter. 292. J. Gossley, Eichmond Hill, Ont. — Medium size ; form roundish, slightly an- gular; cavity deep, open; stem broken; basin medium depth and width, smooth; calyx open ; colour yellow, well splashed and washed with bright red ; dots few, small, yellow, indistinct; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh yellow, crisp, tender, juicy; core miedium; subacid, flavour pleasant; quality good to very good; season apparently mid to late winter. Tree said to be a cross between Canada Eed, Baldwin and Spy. Much like Spy in appearance and flavour, but is not as good flavour as Spy. 293. F. C. Judd, Doe Lake, Ont. — Medium size, splashed and streaked with bright red, medium quality. Season, October. 294. F. C. Judd, Doe Lake, Ont. — Medium size; yellow, red about cavity; quality above medium to good. Season late September. 295. J. W. Morrison, Acton's Corners, Ont. — Above medium size, bright red, med- ium quality. Season late September to October. 296. J. W. Morrison, Acton's Corners, Out — Medium size, pale yellow; quality above medium. Season September. 297. J. W. Morrison, Acton's Corners, Ont. — Medium size, pale yellow with a pinkish blush; quality above medium. Season early to mid-winter. REPORT OF THE EORTICLLTL'RIST 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 298. C. H. Suow, Cummings' Bridge, Out. — Winter Greening; medium size, pale greenish yellow with a pinkish red blush, quality above medium. Season mid to late winter. 299. H. X. Grant, Xewtonbrook, Out. — Medium size; form roundish, slightly angu- lar; cavity medium depth and width; stem medium length, slender; basin very deep, open, wrinkled; calyx open; colour yellow washed with dark red; dots obscure; skin thick, moderately tough; flesh yellow, tender, juicy; core small; mildly subacid, pleasant flavour ; quality good ; season probably mid to late winter. Seedling tree growing near fence. Colour too dark to be very attractive. Only fairly promising, though better in quality than most seedlings. 300. G. H. Mc]\Iillan, Dunbar, Ont. — Medium size, yellow splashed and washed with purplish red; quality medium to above. Season mid to late winter. 301. — Samuel Greenfield, Ottawa East, Ont. — Above medium size; form roundish, conical, angular; cavity medium depth and width; stem short, slender; basin medium depth and width, wrinkled; calyx closed; colour yellow, almost entirely covered with deep crimson; dots moderately numerous, yellow, distinct; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow, moderately juicy, rather coarse ; core medium ; subacid, with a pleasant flavour ; quality good; season evidently October and perhaps later. Seedling originated by Mr. Greenfield. If this apple has better iDoints than Wealthy it may be useful, but it is not as juicy nor as tender in the flesh as Wealthy, though perhaps a little higher flavoured. 302. Miss P. L. Baker, Oakville, Ont. — Size large; form roundish; cavity narrow, medium depth, lipped; stem short, slender; basin narrow, medium depth, almost smooth; calyx open; colour pale yellow, almost covered with crimson; dots obscure; skin thin, tender; flesh white; core medium; subacid, slightly astringent; quality good; season evidently late August to early September. Tree a seedling about ten years oM. Blossomed for the first time this year. Blossoms very large. A handsome apple, resembling Bed Astrachan very much in outward appearance, and probably a seedling of it. Resembles Langford Beauty and Russell in character of flesh and flavour. 303. E. Rakestrow, Township of Ryde, Muskoka District, Ont. — Above medium size; form oblate roundish; cavity deep, medium width, russeted; stem shoi't, moder- ately stout; basin open, deep; calyx open; colour yellow, well washed with bright red; dots few, indistinct; skin thick, moderately tough; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy; core medium; subacid, sprightly, with a pleasant flavour; quality good; season evidently October. Tree quite hardy. Seed sown eight years ago by daughter of Mr. Rakestrow. had one apple in 1903 and fifty this year. Fourteen miles from Gravenhurst- A promising seedling. N"ot as high flavoured as Wealthy, but a good apple. Promising. 30-i. Thos. C. Paddon, 62 Bolton Avenue, Toronto. — Plum seedling; form broad oval; size above medium; cavity deep, narrow, abrupt; suture a distinct line, not depressed; apex rounded; colour dark, purplish red; dots numerous, small, yellow, distinct; bloom appears light; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh deep greenish yellow, juicy, firm; stone medium size, practically free; moderately sweet; quality medium to above. Tree said to be a seedling. ' Tree is an upright grower, stands about 25 feet high and is a good heavy cropper.' It resembles Lombard very much. Should be a good shipper. Domestica group. 305. E. Kenny, St. Vincent de Paul, Que. — Medium size; form roundish conical, angular; cavity medium depth and width, slightly russeted; stem medium length, slender ; basin shallow, narrow, wrinkled ; calyx partly open ; colour yellow, well splashed and washed wuth rich red; dots moderately numerous, j'ellow and gray, distinct; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh crisp, tender, yellowish, juicy; core medium; briskly 213 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 subacid with a pleasant flavour; quality good; season late winter. Tree has been planted about 20 years. Truit has large seeds. Said to keep until June. Kesembles Kubicon somewhat. September 12, 1904, received -1 specimens of same apple from Mr. Kenny kept in an ordinary cellar. Still in condition for eating, but mildly subacid at this date. Evidently a good keeper. 306. Wm. Ogilvie, Ormstown, Que. — Size large; form oblate; cavity very deep, open; stem very short, stout; basin deep, medium width, almost smooth; calyx partly open; colour yellow, well splashed and washed with lively purplish red; dots few, Ifirge, gray, prominent; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh dull white, crisp, tender, juicy; core small; subacid, sprightly; quality good; season evidently early to mid-winter or later- A large handsome apple. Should make an excellent cooking apple, and is a good dessert variety also. Mr. Eol>ert Brodie, Westmount, P. Q., received this apple trom Wm. Ogilvie, Ormstov.-n, Que., where it was grown. He thinks it may be- a variety he used to call Henuningford. 307. J. K. McKenzie, Rogers Hill, X.S. — Above medium size; yellow washed with bright red on sunny side; medium quality; season mid to late winter. 30S-314. John McCarthy, Semiwagan Ridge, N.B. — Seven seedlings. 309. Seedling Xo. 2. Medium size; form roundish; cavity medium depth and v.-idth; stem broken; basin medium depth and width, almost smooth; calj'x open; colour pale yellow well washed with crimson; dots few, small, pale yellow, indistinct; skin thick, tough; flesh white, juicy, tender; core medium; mildly subacid with a pleasant flavour; quality good to very good; season early winter. Resembles Fameuse very much. Evidently a seedling of it. 315. A. P. Stevenson, Xelson, Man. — Martha Crab seedling; size large; form roimdish to oblate, conic, angidar; cavity open, medium depth; stem medium length stout; basin narrow, medium depth, much wrinkled; calyx partly open; colour yellow, well splashed and washed with bright red ; dots obscure ; skin moderat-ely thick, tender ; flesh yellow, rather coarse, moderately juicy ; core medium size, open ; briskly subacid ; quality medium; season evidently early September. A large, handsome apple which is said to have been grown from Martha Crab seed sent from the Experimental Earm, Ottawa, in 1896. PIUMS. Last winter was very hard on plums of the European and Japanese classes and most varieties were killed to the snow line. Xone of these plums have proven satis- factory here. There are, however, two seedlings of the Red June plum originated at the experimental farm which are hardier in the flower bud than any others which have been tested, and these bore some fruit this year. These have been called Togo and Oyama, and descriptions of them are given in this report. The crop of Americana and Xigra plums was the best we have ever had, both in quality and quantity, and the fruit sold well on the exchange here. Three American seedlings originated at the Central Experimental Farm were named this year, thf.se being Gloria, Swift and Fitz- roy. Descriptions of these follow. i\mong the newer Americana varieties which fruited this year the Admiral Schley, Bomberger, Lottie and Smith were the most promising. Descriptions of these are given also. One of our aims is to develop an REPORT OF THE HORTICTLTURIST 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Americana plum with as tender a sliin as the European, of good flavour and Laving a free stone. The nearest approach to this is the Welcome plum, originated at the Cent- ral Experimental Farm, and described in the #eport for 1903. Stones of this have been planted in the hope of getting an improvement in the next generation. Togo (seedling of Eed June). — Eorm roundish, somewhat heart-shaped; size above medium; cavity narrow, medium depth, abrupt; suture an indistinct, some- times distinct, line, no depression; apex slightly flattened; coloiir deep red ; dots numerous, small, indistinct; bloom moderate, bluish; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh yellow, firm, juicy; stone medium size, oval, slightly flattened, cling; sweet, acid next skin; qiiality good. A promising plum. Larger than Red June and better In quality. Handsome. Named Togo August 31, 1901, in honour of Aim.Tsi Tcgc. Triflora group. Oyama (Bo tan seedling). — Eorm roundish to broad oval ; size medium ; cavity narrow, medium depth, abrupt; suture a distinct line, not depressed; apes rounded; colour deep red all over; dots obscure; bloom thin, pale bluish; skin moderately thick, moderately tender, bitter; flesh yellow, firm, juicy; stone small, oval, cling; sweet, not of rich flavour; quality, medium to above medium. Not specially promis- ing. September 12, 1901. May be useful on account of hardiness of fruit buds. Triflora group. Gloria (Wolf seedling). — Eorm oval to oblong, somewhat flattened; size large; cavity narrow, shallow, abrupt; suture a distinct line; apex rounded; colour uniform- ly bright red all over, or yellow mottled^ with red; dots few, yellow, small, distinct; bloom thin, bluish; skin thick, tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy; stone large, almost or quite free, oblong, considerably flattened; sweet; quality good. Owing to its large size and the almost freeness of stone, this is a promising variety. Americana group. Swift (De Soto seedling). — Eorm broad oval, much flattened ; size large ; cavity narrow, shallow; suture merely an indistinct line; apex slightly flattened; colour yellow, mottled and washed with deep red; dots obscure; bloom slight; skin thick, m'-.-lorateJy tough; flesh rather pale yellow, juicy; stone above medium, oval, semi-cling, olm £t free; flavour sweet, pleasant. A good plum and worth propagating. Americana group. Fitzroy (Rollingstone seedling). — Eorm roundish, slightly heart-shaped, flattened; size above medium to large; cavity narrow, shallow, abrupt; suture a distinct line, no depression; apex rounded; colour yellow, well washed with deep red; dots numor.nis, small, yellow, distinct; bloom moderate; skin thick, moderately tender; flesh rat^'cr pale, yellow, juicy; stone above medium size, flattened, roundish to oval, practically free; sweet; quality good. A good plum, but cracks some, which may be against it. Ereeness of stone a good point. Americana group. Admiral Schley. — Eorm roundish; size very large; cavity narrow, shallow; suture a distinct line; apex rounded; colour yellow, well washed with deep bronzy red; dots numerous, small, yellow, distinct; bloom thin, bluish; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy; stone large, oval, flat, cling; sweet, of a rich flavour; quality very good. One of the best Americana plums yet tested. An improvement over Hawkeye. Americana group. Bomberger. — Eorm roundish to broad oval; size very large; cavity shallow, nar- row; suture a distinct line; apex rounded; colour yellow, more or less covered with deep lively red; dots few, small, yellow, distinct; bloom medium; skin thick, tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy; stone medium size, oval, flat; sweet and rich; quality very good. A very handsome plum. More attractive than Hawkeye. Promising. Ameri- cana group. J20 EXPEKIMEXTAL EAJiMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Lottie. — Form roundish; size large; cavity shallow, narrow; suture an indistinct line; apex slightly flattened; colour yellow, mottled and washed with red; dots obscure; bloom slight; skin thick, tough; flesh s^^^et, juicy; stoaie medium size, roundish, semi- cling; sweet, rich ; quality good. A handsome plum of good quality. Propagate. Ameri- cana group. Smith. — Form roundish to broad oval; size large; cavity narrow, shallow; suture a distinct line; apex rounded; colour yelloAV, mottled and washed with red; dots ob- scure; bloom light; skin thick, moderately tough; flesh yellow, juicy; stone rather large, oval, nearly free; sweet, rich; quality good to very good. A good plum. Pro- mising. Americana group. GRAPES. There was never a finer crop of grapes at the experimental farm than there was this year, but owing to the unusually cool and cloudy summer and autumn only 32 varieties ripened thoroughly compared with 101 in 1903. As the varieties which ripened this year are those which will mature with tiie least amount of heat, a list of them is herewith given as a guide to those who wish to test grapes in the colder parts of Canada. These are given in order of ripening. Florence, Early Daisy, September 9. Manito, Champion, September IT. Golden Drop, Jewel, Moore's Early, September 26. Moyer, September 27. Wyoming Red, September 28. Campbell's Early, Lincoln (Read's Hybrid), Brant, Canada, Telegraph, Hartford, Potter, Patti- son. Seedling No. 1, X Muscat Hamburgh, Northern Muscadine, Dracut Amber, Maxa- tawny, September 29. Peabody, September 30. Janesville, Early Victor, Cottage, Lutie, October 3. Early Ohio, October 4. Creveling, Marion, Jessica, Superb, Oc- tober 6. Belvidere, October 8. Delaware, Lindley, Brighton, Moore's Diamond had some bunches about ripe October 6. The following new variety is described for the first time in this report. Lincoln (Read's Hybrid). — Concord female X Black Hamburgh male. In 1897 three vines of this grape were sent for test by ^Ir. M. A. Read, Port Dalhousie, Ont., son of Wm. H. Read, the originator. This variety has proven so valuable here, and should prove so valuable even in the best grape districts, that it deserves especial mention. The vine is a vigorous grower and very productive. The bunches are below medium size, but well filled, from 4 to 5 inches in length, compact, cylindrical or slightly shouldered. Fruit be- low medium size, round, black with a moderate bloom. Skin thick, tough; pulp moderately firm, but breaks fairly easily. Swe;jt, sprightly, slightly foxy; flavour eomewhat like Concord with a suggestion of Black Hamburgh. Quality almost good. This is attractive in appearaace and ripens about the same time as Moore's Early and would probably make a good shipping grape. Very promising. In a letter received from Mr. M. A. Read, Port Dalhousie, Out., dated December 1, 1904, further information was obtained regarding this variety. He writes: — ' The Black Hybrid grape received by your department in the year 1897 was originated by my father, the late Wm. H. Read, in the year 1887. It is a cross between the Concord and Black Hamburgh; Concord for female and Hamburgh for male. The original vine stood the test equally as well as the Concord thus far and is much more prolific, very compact, well shouldered bunch, berry medium size and of good quality, ripens about with Champion or Moore's Earlj^ and a vigorous grower. This variety has taken first premium whci'cver exhibited and a special award of a silver medal at the Pan-American Exhibition, Buffalo, on its merits.' REPORT 0/ Tiji: nORTlLLLTLRlUT 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 BUSH FRUITS. The raspberry, currant and gooseberry crops were all good this year. The Her- bert raspberry continues to be the best main crop red variety tested here. The Brigh- ton and Count are two hardy and very productive seedlings of Dr. Wm. Saunders, but are not equal to the Herbert in size or quality. The Sarah, another of Dr. Saunders' seedlings, is the finest in quality, but the colour is rather dark and it is not productive enough. Heebner and Clarke, resembling each other very much, are two desirable varieties for home use, being hardy, productive and of good quality. Cuthbert is too tender for this district. The blackberry crop Avas a failure here this year. STRAWBERRIES. The strawberry crop was somewhat lighter than usual this year, not owing to -an- f avourable weather this season, but on account of the protra-oted drought in 1903, w^hich delayed planting until June 15. B-jing planted so late, fewer runners were formed than usual, hence the crop was less. The plants came through the winter well, being practically uninjured. For general purposes, the following varieties have proven among the most .satis- factory, after a number of years' tests : Sample, P., Buster, P., Bisel, P., Glen Mary, B., Greenville, P., Beder Wood, B., Marie, P., Wariield, P., Enhance, B., Howard's 41, P., Barton's Eclipse, P., Thompson's Late, P. In addition to these are William's B., for shipping long distances and Bubach, P., for near market or home use. Ix)vett, B., is also a good, perfect berry for general purposes and for home use. Daisy is very handsome and productive, but soft. Afton, Steven's Early and Daniel Boone all re- semble Warfield so much that they cannot be distinguished from it. Among the newer varieties Avhich fruited this year for the first time, the following are considered pro- mising : — Pocomoke, B. — This was the most productive variety in the plantation this year, size large to very large; form obtusely conical; colour, bright glossy red but inclined to have white tip; very firm; flesh juicy, briskly subacid; quality above medium). Sea- son medium to late. Plant a vigorous grower with good foliage. Quite promising as a productive berry for long shipment. Lyon, P. — Size medium to above medium; form long, pointed or wedge-conical; colour deep red; moderately firm; flesh juicy, briskly subacid, pleasant flavour; quality good. Season early to medium. Plant a vigorous grower, with good foliage. A pro- ductive variety- which this year ripened a good deal of fruit early. Early Beauty, P. — Size medium to above medium; foriu roundish; colour deep glossy red; moderately firm; flesh juicy, briskly subacid; quality above medium. Sea- son very early. Plant a vigorous grower, with healthy and. abundant foliage. One of the most promising early varieties. Splendid. — This variety was grown for a number of years and then discarded, but is being given a further test with a new strain. It is a very productive variety but is soft and not attractive in colour. In the following table will be found a list of fifty varieties of strawberries arranged in their order of merit or rank, from the average of two to four years' test. Most of these have been tested for four 3'ears, namely, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1904. The crop was practically a failure in 1903. Their rank for the year 1904 is also given in the table, as well as other information. In addition to the list of fifty varieties, a short list of twelve follows, representing the best yielding varieties fruiting for one year only. There were 196 named varieties under test this year, and 53 unnamed seedlings. In the tables B. stands for bi-sexual or perfect, while P. stands for pistillate or imperfect : — 122 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ^losT productive 50 varieties of Strawberries for an average of from 2 to 4 years. ^ y S Name. (B O 3 SlMele 4 9;Sample 4 85lBuster 4 5Bisel 4 23Afton 4 29 Steven's Earlv . . 4 14lGlen Marv 4 04!Daisy... 4 40]Grreenville 4 lljDaniel Boone 4 60| Howard's 41 4 34iEnhance 4 54 Warfield 2 36 Marie 4! 12 Beder Wood 4 50 Carleton 3 44 Cole's Seedling . . . . 4 2oi Barton's Eclipse — 4 20|Hattie Warfield.... 4 102, Thompson's Late. . . 4 110|Dora 4 45 Maggie 4 IGBubach 4 8, Swindle 4 72 No Name 4 7 Crescent 4 10 John Little 4 125 Wonderful 4 96 Williams 4 22 Clyde 4 78 Arkansas Traveller 4 66 Parker Earle 4 68 Carrie 4 39Bomba 4 46 World's Champion . 4 114 G. H. Caughell . . . . 4 124|Dr. Arp 4 32 Tennessee Prolific . . 4 83JLovett 4 113 Cyclone 3 31 Senator Dunlap ... 4 89 Kyle 4 70 Enormous 4 26 Anna Forest 4 57 Hood River . 4 6 Boynton 4 117 Brandy wine 4 43Wm. Belt 4; 104 Satisfaction 4| 64!Morgan's Favorite. ,lMay 19 June . iJune 41 ,' ,- 2' iMav 30i 'June 2 I „ 2 In 6 May 21 June 2 iMav 25 I „■■ 30 .1 .. 281 'June 2( !M?..y 29 'June 2J : H 2i ,jMay 29j .IJune 4 I „ 2 2: 4 May 29| Jime 2 1 May 291 June 2l 2' May 281 „ 30: June 4i May 29| June 4j May 30; June 5, May 25 M 29' n so! June 4i 2' Mav 29] Juiie 2 1 May 27; June 2' 4| 4. 2! 41 20!june lo: 20! 19; 17i 17 19 20 17 18 19 22 17 17 18 20 18 16' 21 18 17 19 21 20 18 19 18 20 19 22 16 24 18 20 16 181 19 18 19 16 20 20 1 18' 201 17i 23 21' 20i 23 18'Julv 221 22 1 20! ISj 22 22 20 20 22 24 18 18- 20| 221 27 20 18 22 20 18 22 22 22 20 20 20 22 22 241 18' 27 20 24 18 20 22 20 22 18 24 22 20 22 18 24 22 22 24 18 18: 151 18 18 151 15 15 15 18 18 18 18 18 15 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 15 15 18 18 18 18 15 18 15 IS 15 18: isl 18' 15 15! 11 18 15 18; 15 18 15 Oz 11 10 9 10 11 10 9 9 10 11 10 9 12 12 10| 10 9; 11 12 9 11 12 12 11 10 11 11 10 9 10 9 12 9 9 9 11 11 9 10 9 12 8 9 9] 111 12| i Lbs. 7 17 I 7 18 13 12 15 G 11 16 9 11 9 11 16 9 10 13 14 6 6 5i!l0 7 il5 6117 Oz. Lbs 62 24 4a'22 4||22 1UI21 5i21 9^18 6 jl8 14 17 14i|l7 3n7 6i|16 51 8 ^ 16 H 17 12A 16 5 17 Ot 16 G| 4 14 16 6 6 14 15 8 13 5i 15 6.^ < U 15 6 8 m 15 7A 8 7 15 6 11 51 15 Oi 10 nh 15 41 5 11^ 14 4 14f 14 t 12 6f 14 H 7 1 13 51 5 12i 13 61 12 10-f 13 0^ i 1 13 8i 8 21 13 5: 13 0^ 13 61 9 8^ 13 4.n8 oi 12 6| 5 9 12 6111 0 12 5 1 6 6 12 8 13^ 12 Most productive 12 varieties fruited for one vear. llPocomoke B. . I.June 2' June 22 June 24lJulv Lyon P.. Warfield (Kellogg).. . .P. . May Splendid (new strain).B. . [.June Early Beauty P> . . j May Success Tilgman Superior Monitor ... . Big Bobs . . . . Mmute Man . Latest .B. .June .P.. „ B. .B. B. ..P. May June 20' 17 20i 15 20 24 16 18 22 18^ 24' 22; 18] 22 18i 2'^ 27i 18; 20: 24! 20; 271 15, 9' 18 111 18; 12I 181 10; 6; 9; 18; 11; 18 9; 8 lo; 15 10 15! 10, 18! 12. 18 9 7 |22 7 20 5.V19 6"19 5 15 6il2 ..:i2 132; 141 . 141. 121 15',. 13 !. 8f . 0^. REVORT OF TEE HORTICULTURIST 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 rUXGOlTS DISEASES. With tLe exception of tlie Black Rot of the grape, fungous diseases were not im- usiially prevalent this year. Owing doubtless to the almost entire absence of Black Spot of the apple in 1903 in eastern Ontario and the province of Quebec, there was much less spot this year than usual, although some unsprayed orchards were badly affected. In western Ontario, however, the spot was about as bad as usual in un- sprayed orchards, while in orchards well sprayed the fruit was clean. As the plum crop was almost a complete failure, the Ripe Rot was not bad, but grapes suffered to such an extent with Black Rot tliat growers have become alarmed, and for this reason some space is devoted to diseases of the grape in the report this year. DISEASES OF THE GRAPE IX OXTARIO VIXEVAUDS IX 1001. Knowing that rot was causing serious damage in a number of vineyards in the Niagara peninsula, I took the opportunity on September 13 and 14, of visiting some of them in the hope of learning something that would prove suggestive in fighting the diseases of the grape and of obtaining other information that would be iiseful to fruit growers regarding the different kinds of rot which were causing loss. On Sep- tember 13, accompanied by Mr. W. H. Bunting, of St. Catharines, Ont., I visited his vineyard and others in the neighbourhood of St. Catharines. Mr. Bunting had sjirayed seven times and his fruit was only slightly injured. He had bagged 1,000 bunches when the grapes were the size of peas in order to find out if infection took place be- fore that time. Most of the bunches thus bagged were perfect, but some had the Black Rot in various stages of development, showing that infection had taken place before the grapes were as large as peas. The Niagara grape was the variety most affected in Mr. Bunting's vineyard. Several vineyards of Concord near Mr. Bunting's were ex- amined, but Black Rot had not worked to any extent in them. Bro\\'Ti Rot was, how- ever, found in one vineyard, but it had not done much injury to the fruit. Another vineyard, probably of about fifteen acres, was visited, consisting principally of Con- cord, Brighton, Niagara and Moore's Early. Of Niagara and Brighton there was scarcely a sound grape anywhere, and none of the bunches of Concord even, with mani- pulation could be made fit for market. Moore's Early was not affecte-d. This vine- yard had not been sprayed. The infection by the Black Rot as it appeared in the vicinity of St. Catharines was first noticed on the fruit as a round, brownish coloured spot about the size of the head of a pin. This brownish appearance gradually spread over the surface of the berry and by the time one-third of the surface was covered in this way the origin m1 brown spot had become paler, showing distinctly the mark of infection. After the whole grape became brown, the tissue gradually shrunk and dried and when thus shrunken the fruit appeared black and prominently and irregularly ridged, the sur- face being covered by small black pustules. On SeptemL-er 14, I visited the vineyards of Mr. Murray Pettit, Winona, Ont., and other vineyards in that vicinity. No Black Rot was noticed at Winona, but Brown Rot was quite abundant, and while it had not caused such damage as the Black Rot, it had done considerable injury. The leaves of the vines affected with Brown Rot liad a velvety or downy appearance underneath. The affected fniit first showed a brownish spot or patch one one side and a shrinking of the tissue. This brownish appearance spread all over the grape and the whole grapo eventually shmnk into a hard shrivelled mass. When badly affected the vine looses a large amount of foliage. Powdery mildew was also found in these vineyards. The Niagara grapes, both in Mr. Pettit's and adjoining vineyards, were affected this year with either a new disease or more probably, as Prof. Selby suggests, a con- dition caused by either Powdery Mildew or Brown Rot affecting the stem to which the grupe is attached. This disease caused a hardening of the grape and gave it a pale, unhealthy colour. 124 EZPERIMEyrAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Another disease of the grape -n-hic-h was doing a great deal of injury at Winona was what we took to be the Grape-leaf Blight; a disease which has not received the at- tention which it deserves. This blight causes the leaves to wither and drop, thus pre- venting a free circulation of sap and the proper development and maturing of the fruit. The diseases of the grape can be controlled hv thorough spraying, but the ^vor.-c DiULt be done persistently and carefully. FUXGOUS DISEASES OF THE CRAPE. Anthracuose: Birds Eye Eot : Scab (Sphaceloma AmpelLnum). — This is the only grape disease which has given any trouble at the Central Experimental Farm. It is difficult to control by spraying, but, fortunately, only a few varieties have been affected, Lindley being the worst. This fungus attacks leaves, stems, and fruit, but it is on the fruit where it is most noticed. The disease is apparent in depressed patches extending along the stems, which checks the gro^-th. There are also reddish brown patches on the leaves. The stems of the clusters of grapes are frequently affected, and when the disease occurs there the fruit remains green and eventually withers, making an imper- fect buncli. The disease on the fruit occurs in roundish brown depressed spots with a purplish margin, giving somewhat the appearance of a bird's eye. Frequently spots unite and form a large irregular area. This is a very difficult disease to control, and thorough spraying with Bordeaux mixture has not checked it to any extent. Spraying before the buds open; before blossoming; after fruit has set and ten days later with Bordeaux mixture is recommended. Black Eot (Laesiadia Bidwellii). — Up to quite recent years Xhh diseas3 was thought to have reached its northern limit, south of lakes Erie and Ontario, but during the last few years in Essex county, and more recently in the Xiagara peninsula, it has caused much damage. The appearance of this disease has already been described, but something further must be said regarding it. The spores live over winter on the vines and in the affected grapes, and germinate when growth starts in the spring. The dis- ease attacks the leaves and young shoots, the leaves showing the disease in roundish reddish brown patches, and on the stems it appears in small, long shaped, dark brown, slightly depresseer surface of the leaves and on the fruit, giving them a grayish, powdery appear* anoe easily recognized as being caused by the Powdery Mildew. This disease feeds on the plant by sending small suckei-s into the plant cells from which it gets food. Spores are produced early in the season and these being scattered about soon infect other leaves or vines and spread the disease. A second crop of spores is produced later in the summer and these carry the disease over the winter. These are enclosed in a hard, roundish case which becomes black during the latter part of the season. Treatment. — This is a very easy disease to treat and yields readily to fungicides. Dry sulphur and sulphur and water have been found effective, but as this disease often accompanies other diseases of the grape, the spray- ings with Bordeaux mixture recommended for Black and Brown Kot are preferabte and will effectually check it. Kipe Kot. — A species of ripe rot has affected a few varieties at the Central Experi- mental Farm, Salem and Peabody being two of the most affected. The fruit is quite plump and juicy up to the last, but about the time of ripening, the fruit turns brownish at the affected part and often bursts. Grape Leaf Blight (Cladosporium viticolum). — A disease noticed in the vineyards at Winona, Ont., is undoubtedly this species. It causes a withering of the leaves some- what like the Brown Kot, but the fruit is not affected nor has the under surface of the leaf the downy appearance of the Brown Kot. The leaves on the vines at Winona had the burnt appearance which is peculiar to many leaf blights. The patches on the leaves indicating the disease, are large and irregular in outline. These patches become quite dry and will break from the leaf veiy easily. The spores are borne on the under surface of the leaf on slender filaments and are produced in large numbers during damp weather. This disease lives over the winter in the fallen leaves. It has not received very much attention but it weakens the vines and prevents the full development of the fruit. Spraying the vines, as for Black Kot, should prove quite effectual with this disease. COVER CKOPS. English Horse Beans and Ttape. — ^In the report for 1903. experiments in the use of the English Horse Bean and Hairy Vetch were described. It was shown that Horse Beans and Hairy Vetch sown in rows 2S inches apart had given very satisfactory 128 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 results. These were sown in this way because it is sometimes difficult to get a good ' stand ' for a cover crop in the autumn by sowing about the middle of July and later, owing to the dry weather which often occurs after seeding, delaying the germination of the seed, and in the north it is very desirable to have the cover crop tall so that it will hold the snow. By sowing the seed in rows it can be sown comparatively early and the soil cultivated between the rows when the plants come up, thus conserving moisture and making sure of a good cover crop. Cultivation may be discontinued about the middle of July or a little later. The Horse Beans sown on June 18, 1903, were from. 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet in height on September 21, and it was estimated that the green crop per acre was 7 tons 733 pounds above ground and 2 tons 852 pounds of roots, or a total of 9 tons 1,585 pounds per acre, containing according to the figures given by Mr. Frank T. Shutt, Chemist of the Experimental Farms, in his report for 1903, 78 pounds of nitrogen as compared with 130 pounds from Mammoth Ifed Clover, and 147 pounds from Hairy Vetch. These beans stood up well all winter, holding the snow admirably, and by spring were still 2 to 2J feet in height. A land roher was pnt on as soon as the soil was in condition to work, and the beans were rolled down. The disc harrow was then used and it was found that they broke up readily; they were then cultivated in with a spring tooth cultivator. Owing to the coarse nature of the stems they were noticed in the soil longer than clover or vetch, but in a comparatively short time they decayed and gave practically no trouble. Horse beans were again sown in drills this year on June 16, and were 3 feet 5 inches in height when frozen. The advantage of Horse Beans is that they winter kill and are easily worked under in the spring, while Haii-y Vetch and Glover are more difficult to deal with, and if left until late in the spring will take considerable moisture from the soil. The disadvantage of the Horse Bean is that there is no mat of vegetation close to the soil, and if there should be a winter without snow it might not prove as effective as Red Clover or Hairy Vetch. In order to ensure a mat of vegetation which v/ould cover the ground in winter and which would be dead in the spring, rape was used in one part of the orchard and it is believed that English Horse beans and rape grown together will prove one of the most satisfactory cover crops where they will succeed. The Horse leans will furnish nitrogen and humus and will hold the snow well. The rape will cover the ground, thus protecting the roots, and will also add humu^ At Ottawa, Horse beans sown during the last week of June at the rate of one bushel per acre in drilLs 28 inches apart and cultivated two or three times, and rape sown broadcast between the rows during the latter half of August should furnish a very satsfactory combination. Both English Horse beans and rape are moisture-loving plants and will not succeed as well in dry soils as they will where there is a fair amount of moisture Whore the Hairy Vetch is grown for seed. Horse beans sown in drills at the same tim-j a<; tlie vetch should prove very useful the following season in holding up the vines, thus insuring a larger crop of seed. At our suggestion, one grower tried it this year and is favourably impressed with this method. Hairii Vetch. — The Hairy Vetch was used quite largely in the orchards at the Cent- ral Experimental Farm in 1903, and was sown again this year, both alone and broad" cast and also with Horse Beans to form a mat on the ground, and has been found satisfactory for this purpose, but owing to the difficulty of ploughing under, rape would appear to be more suitable. The Plairy Vetch is a very rapid grower and will rontiniie to grow until almost winter, as light frosts have apparently little effect upon it. It forms a thick mat on the ground, making a perfect mulch and an ideal cover for preventing the thawing and freezing of the ground and protecting the roots of the trees. It will not hold the snow as Avell as the taller plants, but will probably be found as a rule satisfactory enough in that resi>ect. It is quite rich in nitrogen, being more so than the Mammoth Eed or Common Red olovei'S. The great disadvantage of the Hairy Vetch is the difficulty in iiloughiug it under where it lives over the winter. Sown broadcast, from 30 to 40 lbs. per acre is FEPORT OF THE nOL'TICl'LTURIST 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 sul&cient to give a good stand under favourable conditions, and 20 lbs. v^r acre has bren found sufficient -when sown in rows. It was not winter killed at tbe Central Ex- perimental Farjpj last winter and soon began to make rapid growth in tbe spring. On June 2 it was cut, with tbe object of mulching the ground with the crop, the plan be- ing to cut at inteifals throiighout the summer as with E-ed clover and use each cut- ting as a mulch. The vetch, however, was killed by the first cutting. It was thus not found satisfactory as a crop for mulching. Mammoth Red and Common Red clover sown broadcast at the rate of 10 or 12 pounds per acre about the middle of July proves very satisfactory as cover crops in those sections, such as eastern Ontario, where they make good growth in the autumn. Ploughed under in the spring, Ked clover adds much plant food and humus to the soil, and in orchards where there is usually an abundance of moisture, such as the orchard at the Central Experimental Farm, it has been found quite satisfactory to cut the clover several times during the summer in- stead of ploughing it under in the spring, leaving the green crop as a mulch on the groimd. CONSERVATION^ OE MOISTURE. As the conservation of moisture is one of the chief reasons for the cultivation of orchards in the summer, lany method which will bring alx)ut as good results as culti- vation without going to the expense and trouble would be very acceptable. It is claim- ed for the so-called mulch method, by which the grass grown in an orchard in sod is used about the trees to conserve moisture, that the results obtained are quite as satis- factory as with clean cultivation, but it has been found in certain cases that where such good results have been obtained the soil is naturally moist. This year an ex- periment was planned in conjunction with Mr. E. T. Slnitt, Chemist, to determine if there v/ere any crops vdiich would conserve, by the mat they formed on the ground, almost or quite as much moisture as they transpired through their leaves. The ex- tremely cool wet season was unfavourable for this work, but the results of the test will be found in Mr. Shutt's report. VEGETABLES. Experiments with vegetables were continued this year, but the list of varieties was cut down very considerably, as sufficient information has now been obtained of a great many of them to warrant discarding them. Those that are recommended are tested each year for comparison with the newer kinds which are being constantly offered for sale. The season was favourable for all vegetables except those which required much heat, such as melons, x)eppers, and tomatoes, and the crop of these was much less than iisiial. Cutworms were very bad and injured the test of pease so much that thi-s season's results are worthless. Bran and Paris green in the proportion of 1 lb. Paris green to 50 lbs. bran has been foiuid t-o be the best remedy for cutworms yet tried, as if applied in time the cutworms will aparently eat it in preference to living jjlant^. Selecfion of Pease and Beans.- — During the past five years an exi)eriment has l>een in progress in selecting garden pease to develope, if possible, earlier and more produc- tive strains. The results are veiy encouraging and the effect of selection in regard to increase of yield and earliness is quite marked in some cases. A similar experiment has been carried on with beans for four years, and more recently with tomatoes and melons. There is a wide field for work of this kind, especially in this climate, where earliness is such an important factor in determining the profits from vegetables. Further experiments in growing vegetables in a cheese-cloth inclosure. — The ex- periment begun and reported on last year of growing vegetables in a cheesecloth in- J28 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 closure was continued this year with results confirming those of last year in some respects, while in others owing to the extremely cool, cloudy season the difierence in favour of cheesecloth was not so marked, and in some cases vegetables wliich had done better in 1903 inside than out, this year did better outside than in. Radish, cauli- flower, lettuce, beans, and onions were tested this j-ear. It was again found that radish and cauliflower grown inside the inclosure were free of maggots except in an occasional instance in the case of the cauliflower where the plants had evidently been afl'ectcd in the hot-bed before setting out in the inclosure. This preventative of root maggots should be more widely utilized, especially among amateurs, where these in- sects are troublesome. Both radish and cauliflower develope very satisfactorily in the inclosure. In l^Oo radish was ready for use inside tbe inclosure three days earlier than outside, this year radishes were two days later than outside, but the radishes re- mained fit for use nearly a week longer inside than out, the radishes, when they had reached a large size, being still crisp and tender. Whether it would pay commercially or not is still doubtful. The caiiliflower outside was practically a failure, inside it was quite satisfactory. Lettuce was ready for use in 1903 in the inclosure two to four days later than outside; this year it was ready two days earlier inside. Beans were ready for use in 1903 in the inclosure three days sooner than outside, and the yield was 14 quarts outside and 11 quarts inside. This year the beans were ready for use inside one to two days later than outside, the yield inside being 58 quarts, while out- side it was 53 quarts. There was no apparent difierence between the onions planted outside and inside. The cheesecloth used in 1903 was used again this year, but it tore considerably during the latter part of the season', and gave trouble. Two years is the longest time that this cheesecloth, which cost 5 cents a yard, may be expected to last. POTATOES. The season of 1004 was favourable to the potatD crop at the Central Experimental Farm, as the blight did not appear until late, and there was little rot in the field. The yields of 73 varieties are published in the following table, all grown in the same sized plot£. The Vermont Gold Coin, which was tested for the first time in 1903, headed the list this year, yielding at the rate of 554 bushels 24 pounds per acre. This is a very promising variety. Between this variety and the lowest yielder, the Early Andes, which only yielded at the rate of 123 bushels 12 pounds per acre, there is a difference of 431 bushels 12 pounds per acre, which is more than three times the average yield per acre for the province of Ontario, striking evidence of the importance of planting only the most productive varieties. The soil in which the potatoes were planted was good sandy loam, the previous cro;) being strawberries. The soil was given a heavy dressing of barnyard manure for the slrawbtrries in the spring of 1902, but had not received any since. The land was ploughed in the summer of 1903, and again in the spring of 1904, and thoroughly harrowed with the disc and smoothing harrows shortly before planting. The drills, which were 2} feet apart, were- made with the double mould board plough and were about 4 inches deep. The Eets were of good size, having at least three eyes, it having been found that, taking on 2 year with another, this is the best kind to use. There were 66 sets of each variety planted 1 foot apart in a single row. The sets were covered with the hoe to ensure more unifor/n conditions. Level cultivation was adopted and the potatoes were cultivated four time.^, and sprayed four times with Bordeaux mixture. REl'ORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 TWELVE BEST YIELDING POTATOES — AVERAGE OF FIVE YEARS, 1900-4. 129 Name of Vari( -ty- Season. Colour. Quality. Average Yield per Acre, 1900 to 1004. 2. Dr. Maereher Late Puritan Burnaby Mamuioth . TNloney JNlaker ( 'annan No. 1. . . . . Dreer's Standard. . . . .Sabean".s Elephant . . Canadian Beauty . . . Rural Blusli I.X.L Pearce Yevy late Medium Medium Late Medimn Wliite... Pink and White . . . white !Med. to good.. Good Bu.sh. 49() 48.5 483 4«2 459 458 454 452 437 433 433 432 Lbs. 19 19 34 4 41 5 White 48 r. 7 58 8. !). Id Pink and Pink .... Pink and Pink and Pink .... v\"hite white white, 46 48 50 1i Good Mediuu'. 24 12. Clay Rose 58 * This variety was first name of Burnabj^ Mammoth, one j'ear is 40'J bushels 29 lbs. ^rowu under the name of Burnaby Seedling, and then procured under the The average yield from tlie older strain for four years, and the new one for POTATOES — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Season, Total Yield Quality. Yield per :P^^' ■■^^^■^- able. Yield Per Acre of L'nmar- ketable. iBush. Lbs. : Bush. Lbs. I Bush . Lbs. N'ermoMt Gold Coin Morgan's Seedling Carman No. 1 (new seed). Dr. ;Maerclier . Uoolev RnrafBlush White Elephant ,Burnabv Mammoth Quick Crop . Nortliern Beauty Carman No. 3 (new seed). Holborn Abundance Carman No. 1 Ameiican Giant Doherty's Seedling Early Carter Money Maker Reeve"s Rose Montana Bluff IMammoth Pearl Clark's Pride Claj- Rose ." Crines Lightning I Medium. . Good. Late Medium. Medium . . Good . . . . Late I II ■ Medium. . i. . . . . Early. . . jLate iMedium Everett Rose No. 9 Vick's Extra Early. . . Pearce Penn ^Manor Rochester Rose Napoleon Canadian Beauty Van Ormang Earliest. Sabean's Elephant I. X. L .Jubilee .John Bull Empire State Pecks Early 16—9 554 514 501 501 479 479 4Gr> 4G2 448 440 435 435 435 431 431 420 418 404 404 400 400 391 391 387 !Late Medium..' 382 •Early Good ' 378 'Medium. . ' .. .... 378 ^Early j „ I 374 I " I '^ '374 I ,1 i I. j 369 ^Medium. .! .• I 365 iEarly ' j 365 Late. . . . I " • Medium. . ; Medium . . . . Good i . . Medium . . ! Good IEarly Medium . . Early I Medium. . Late Medium. ; Early 'Good. . . . Medium. .,Good iEarly, 24 48 36 36 36 36 24 0 48 0 36 36 36 12 12 48 0 48 48 24 24 36 36 12 48 24 24 0 0 30 12 12 12 12 12 4S 48 48 475 413 409 382 409 391 409 396 382 356 391 369 330 365 356 334 347 343 334 334 286 338 334 316 356 325 321 .334 281 272 321 308 303 , 294 286 ! 316 j 299 J 294 12 36 12 48 12 36 12 0 48 24 36 36 0 12 24 24 36 12 24 24 0 48 24 79 101 92 118 70 88 57 66 66 S3 44 66 105 66 74 92 70 61 70 66 114 48 70 24 24 2(i 24 36 52 48 12 57 12 24 39 36 36 92 24 48 96 48 12 44 0 0 57 12 36 61 36 48 70 24 0 79 12 48 44 0 12 61 36 48 66 0 Colour. White. Pini and white. White. Pink. and while. White. Pink. White. Pink. Red, brighter in eye. Pink. 11 and wliite. 11 and white. White. Puik and wliite. White. Pink. 1S6 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 POTATOES — TEST OF VARIETIES — Concluded. Name of Vitrietv. Season. Quality. 1 Total 1 Yield per Acre. Yield Per Acre, Market- able. Y'ield Per Acre of Unmar- ketable. Colour. 39;Dreer"s Standard 40 Flemish Beauty 41 Late Puritan 42 Early Rose 4.". Morg.iu's White.. . . 44 Eureka Extra Early 45j8\viss Snowflake 4fi Rawdon Rose 47 Early Ohio 48 Rough Coat Cup . . . . 40 EarlvElkinah m Uncie Sam oliXotfrr^ Peachblow . . jLate (Good. , IMedium.. » . . |Late .. . . jEarly .. . . I Medium. .1 .E. early. . .j Late . . . .'Good. .'Early | .... . E. early.. .jGood. .1 Early.... . I Medium. Late (iood .'JS Enormous i 53' American Wonder In .... ri4 Wonderful jMedium .5.-) Vick's No. 9 - 56, State of Maine jLate STPingree -jK^rly 58 General Gordon | » 59 Delaware jMedium . . GO Prolific Rose. ■■ - - ' Rl Dublin Prize G2 Carman No. 3 G3 Early White Prize 64 Country Gentleman. . 65 Early Envoy go! Irish Cobbler G7, Snowball G8 Maule's Thoroughbred. 69 Seedling; No. 7 70; Early St. George 7l'Cambridge Russet jMedium. 72 .James Nugget. 73|Bovee ;E. early. . . 74.Bliss Triumph. 75 Early Andes . . iush.Lhs.; Bush Lbs. Bu.^li Lljs. sm 24 299 12 57 12 White. 347 G6 286 0 61 3<5 Bright pink. 343 12 29*1 24 52 4.S White. 343 12 277 12 m 0 I'ink, 343 12 272 48 70 24 White. 338 48 281 36 57 12 ., 334 24 272 48 61 36 „ 334 24 268 24 66 0 Pnik and whit*-. 330 0 264 0 66 0 ,, 325 36 220 0 105 36 „ 316 48 237 36 79 12 „ 312 24 228 48 83 36 White. 312 24 220 0 92 21 I'ale pink, red i'.'. eve. 308 0 255 12 52 48 White. 308 0 246 24 Gl :»; „ 308 0 246 24 101 12 Y'eJlowish. 299 12 255 12 44 0 White. 299 12 242 0 57 12 „ 2ft0 24 224 24 66 0 ,, 290 24 215 36 74 48 Pink. 277 12 242 0 35 12 White. 272 48 211 12 61 36 Pink. 268 24 180 24 88 0 Yellowish. 2G4 0 215 36 48 21 White. 2.50 48 176 0 74 48 „ 246 24 189 12 57 12 Pink and white. 240 24 189 12 57 12 „ 246 24 189 12 57 12 White. 246 24 167 12 79 12 „ 233 12 189 12 44 0 Pink. 215 36 19." 36 22 0 Bright pink. 215 36 140 48 i 74 48 Pink and white. 206 48 162 48 1 44 0 White. 206 48 88 0 118 48 ,, 180 24 105 36 74 48 Pink and white. 127 36 70 24 57 12 Red. 123 12 92 24 SO 48 Pink. liEPORT or THi: HORTICULrUIiliiT 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ADDITIONAL VARIKTIKS OF POTATOKS TESTED IN 1904. The following varieties, some of wliich were sent for test, and including among their number some of the newer English sorts, were grown in smaller plots this year : — Xame c>f A'ariety. Ashley f Kidney Heber E.iwlings, Forest, Ont Dalmeny Beauty White Albino Pat's Choice Eii.rly Johnston Kaiser Woltman. . Charles Fidler Early Sunlight Daybreak Empress Queen Hibernia Northern Star Evergood Number of Sets riantecl. Total Yield Per Acre. i Yiehl Per j Acre of xMarketable. Yield Per Acre of Unmarket- able. 33 33 33 33 33 33 S3 33 33 3i\ 88 IG Bush. Lbs. Br.^h. Lbs.'Busli. Lbs Colour. 501 404 404 352 352 343 343 343 334 384 334 308 3G 12 36 48 48 12 12 12 24 24 44S 440 a34 SOS 264 255 2H0 261 228 220 184 211 132 48 24 12 24 48 48 12 9(; 711 123 70 96 88 06 52 70 114 114 140 123 176 48 12 12 24 48 48 48 12 24 24 36 12 White. Bright i>ink, red eye. Pale pink, j White. [Red. lAMiite. iPink. jWjKte. Deep pink. White. Sprai/ing Potatoes for ihe Prevention of Blifjlit and Rot. Although it has been known for about seventeen years that spraying with Bor- deaux mixture will prevent the blight and rot of the potato, only a small proportion of Canadian farmers spray even yet, although the loss is very great nearly every year. This year a comparative test was made between plots sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and Bug Death applied together; Bordeaux mixture and Paris green; Bordeaux mix- ture made with washing soda instead of lime^ and Paris green; Bug Death; and Paris green. Sixteen varieties were used in this test, each occupying one row 33 feet long, the 16 varieties covering iust 1-33 of an acre being the area devoted to each test. Only fifteen sorts are reported on, as in one plot one variety had an advantage over the others and it was not included. The soil on the whole was a uniform, rich sandy loam. The potatoes were kept thoroughly cultivated until the vines met and were sprayed five times, namely, on July 2, IS, 25, August 2, 27. The plots sprayed with the Bor- deaux-Bug Death mixture received an extra spraying on June 22 with Bug Death dry alone. There were no rotten potatoes in the plot sprayed with the Bordeaux- Bug" Death mixture. The potatoes were planted on May 28, and dug on October 6. 16-91 132 EXPERIMEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Table I. — Experiments in Spraying to prevent Blight and Hot of Potatoes. Name of Varieties. £ ' § -to Oj o S^ i i- ^ C J^ ?c Ph ci 1 'V ?- i a.' r. eS K •^ -r A=* rr- -i fc- G^ c 0. w ■*:^ o! ce £ &j CJ 35 '^ b ^ 1 rt ^ O! o * - .s 5 5 'C-r g T 0"=-'; .£1«0 it -='^ rr C ^ ^ Ci o CO •■^ ^ ^ p S^ ,<^ »: ^ CO _ X) ?1 c; Z'f.i''^ ^^ ?i "T* o S; o -g ic.= — S; =s s t- '^'ips? ,r C5 cs CC tr » C-. o T o o .-is^^- — to CO P5 <*i .^ — ^ 1 .. ;c X '^ '-C- CC l-X) 00 -'> o c C-. i^i X 1 o .-.TiOD 35 (5 o '* ~ 2 ! i^ t- r^ o ' c; t- n r-^ 1 --< lO -^ s K- C© iS& €C' «(^ 1 €^ «■ €C' c .2 c3 _u » • o y^ • • i> ij < • • l~ '. oc; : : ^■SS : "C w J '"' -ti (K ^ * -g cS d rt — "3 ~ ^ "^*" -s =*"? z -s a OJ -2 o s 0 Sp 8 1 ^e'S 3 IP 1 ^ CO S£.i 2 p i'Tj Ji o tc "P gjffi H '^.^'^ ^ P-l "o — ^^ zr. . -^ o si". ^Jf^ OC X w= '-S t-^ ClrfXlO rH TT< --^ o cT ^. r^ ^^ ^—'^.y* ^-' ^ ■*- X - -< , — • — > to : : : v: . . X • • • t '- ,— . . . i • - cf : • ■ I-l tJb ; ■ '• ^ ■ ■ '^ .■ : •'' ^ : ; . = :!:r bc| ■ . tc at * " 1^ ■ ; ;«i'^ I - -cT*? ! ^ • ^r ' — '^ > ' ^ ■ Cl j2 , ■ ^ • : CI o o ~ -^ "5 "^i" c „ £f~ ^'^, >;^ S3 o • • S 3 5 b ^ 3 i o e 1 il"|Sr il^.-B X =* t- ■p "^ ^ ~ " c ■5 ^ 5'^ i> !1< X w4 "^ tH D i^.'g ! i 7^ i^ s r^ ■/. >. ^.■~ J r^ .-- >> C^ is it ■"' S--0 ■]:■ 1 ^r r.c, t1 T S c« 1 CO g 1 s 1 m1 .22 1 T s r M >- v° c-!:? ^^p _•,- l^p *" rH ,: r^ o _o ^ 3 2 (^ Ph ^1 P-l ^ 1 134 EXPERIMEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The foregoing table shows that the Bordeaux-Bug Death mixture \ised in thti manner described gave a net increase of $21.80 per acre in the vahie of the potato crop, a difference in favour of this combination over ordinary Bordeaux mixture and Paris green of ,$4.18. The cost of applying the different mixtures in this test is not given in the table, as the ex-pense of spraying sm.all plots is larger proportionately than it would be by the acre. The cost of applying the Bordeaux-Bug Death mixture wa= greater than the Bordeaux mixture and Paris green on account of the extra spraying on June 22, hence the difference in favour of the Bordeaux-mixture and Bug Death is really less than the table indicates, the estimated cost per acre of applying the Bug Death dry on Jane 22, being $1.10. The probable reason of the greater inci-ease of yield from the Bordeaux-Bug Death mixture is that the Bug Death adheres well to the- foliage and Avhen applied with Bordeaux mixture would cause it to adhere better also. TOMATOES— TEST OF YAPvIETIES- The season of 1904 was a very unfavourable one for tomatoes, owing to so much cool, cloudy weather, and there was only about one-third of the usual crop. There were 62 varieties tested. The .seed was sown in the hot-beds on March 31, and the plants pricked out into strawberry boxes on May 2, and kept in a cold frame until June G, when they were planted in the opn air. They were planted four feet apart each war. and five plants of each variety were used . The soil was a light sandy loam which had bc<-n manured the previous season. The soil was kept cultivated untii the plants covered the ground. The Sparks' Earliana which has been among the best early ripening kinds for the past four years, did not do quite so well this year, although it is still considered the best early tomato tested, being smoother than other kinds. If the Nolte's Earliest were a little smoother it would compare very favourably with Sparks' Earliana, and this year has yielded much better. TOMATOES — TWELVE BEST YIELDING VARIETIES, 1904. Name of Variety. pi £ c a> If SI a. i, ;^ - '-' 1 c— ' — "• Total Yield of Ripe Fruit per I'lant. Remarks. Early Bird Aug. 4 July 22 Aug. 1 Lbs. Oz. 1 .. 4 2 .. 8 Lbs. Oz. 69 12 58 2 50 .. 45 12 44 S 37 8 36 .. 35 3 34 4 33 .. 32 8 32 8 Lbs. Oz. 13 15 11 10 10 .. 9 2 8 14 7 8 7 3 7 1 Below medium size, smooth, pm-plish pinic. Nolte'a Earliest Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet. Medium size, wrinkled, j>urplish pink. Turner's Hybrid Extra Early Red Acme July 26 Aug. 3 1 8 1 1 12 1 .. Large, smooth to slightly WTinkled, purplish pink. Below medium size, smooth, scarlet. Medium size, smooth, purplish pink. •Julv 26 .. 12 „■ 26 2 15 Aug. 4 1.. July 29, 1 8 „ 29 1 12 Aug. 1 1 8 Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet. Medium size, scarlet. Tliorburn's Long Keeper. Sparks' Earliana Bond's Early Minnesota. Thorburn's Earliest G 14 iBelow niediiim size, regular, smooth, purplish pink. 6 10 iMedium size, half wrinkled to smooth, scarlet. 6 8 iBelow medium size, smooth, purplish pink. G S Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet. 1 TOMATOES SIX EARLIEST VARIETIES, 1904. ■Maule's Earliest Nolte'.>! Earliest Early Leader Clialk's Early Jewel. New Extra Early . . . Conqueror July 5 j Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet. 11 10 G . . iBelow medium size, half wrinkled, scark-t. 3 13 'Medium size, smooth, scarlet. 1 3 14 (Medium size, wrinklefl to smooth, scarlet. REPORT OF TTIT: nORTICULTUIilST 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Tlie varieties of tomatoes wliieli have averaged best for a nmrJx-r of years and which are recommended for general planting arc: — Earhj, Sparks' Eai'liana. Main Crop, Brinton's Best, Trophy. Matchless (.searlet), and Burix-e's Climax, and Autocrat (purplish pink). An experiment with a certain method of pruning tomatoes was tried this year with gTatifyJiig results. When the plants in the hot-beds had six strong leaves developed, which was on May 23, the tops were nii)i>ed off and the plants given more room, being placed r»] inches apart. The object of pinching off the top of the plant was to cause new shoots to develop at the axils of the leaves in order to have six branches bearing early tomatoes jjastead of the cue cluster usually found on the top of the plant. These were planted out on June Ci, alongside other plants unpruned. On June 22, half of the pruned plants were again pruned, all laterals Ix-ing taken out and the six main branches only being left, the other plants Avere left to grow at will, and it was found that they produced the most ripe fruit, though not the largest early crop. This system of pruning is very promising- The further advanced the axillary shoots are when the plants are set out the larger the early crop is likely to be. In the experiment this year the plants; were not started nearly early enough to get the best results. The experiment was suggested by !Mr. ,T. 8. Littooy. Everett, Washington Territory, who has been pruning tomatoes in this way for some time in Washington, with gratifying results, where tlie.v have difficulty in ripening tomatoes. T(>M\T(»j:> — EXPERIMENT IX I'KUMNG. Name of Variety. Date of First Ripe Fruit. Ripe Fruit First Three Pickinofs. Total Yield of Ripe Fruit. Spark's Earliana— Unpruned Julv 29... Aug. 13.... ,. 12.... Aug. 4.. . " 29.... M 29... Lbs. 0 i> 18 Lbs- Civ.. 84 137 10 Pruned twice 132 IS iMatcbless— T^fnpruned 29 Pruned once Pruned tw ice 73 8 02 TOBACCO— TEST OF VARIETIES. Tobacco is tested every year at the Central Experimental Farm on account of the importance of the crop. This year fifty-one varieties were grown, or at least tobacco under fifty-one different names, as it is probable that a number of them were synonyms. Twenty plants of each variety were tested, but seven kinds were grown on larger areas. The season was favourable to the tobacco crop, as although it was cool the plants grew well, and by September 0, when they were cut, the plants were nearly as mature on the whole as they usually get here. The seed was sown in hot-bods on April 4. and the plants pricked out into a cold frame on May 21, and planted in the field on June 6, in rows 3x3' feet apart. 136 EXPEJUMEXTAL FAN MS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Name of Variety. Condition when cut. Yield of dry leaves? from 20 plants. Yield of dry leaves per acre. Nearly mature. . " Mature Xearlj' mature. . Mature Nearly mature . . Mature Nearly mature . . h^l O 13 12 8 9 7 12 7 9 7 7 7 4 7 1 6 13 6 5 6 3 6 0 5 14| 5 13 5 12 5 10 5 10 5 9 6 8 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 7 5 3 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 0 4 I5h 4 15 4 13^ 4 13 4 12 4 6 4 5 4 3 4 1 4 0 3 9 3 9 3 8i 3 8* 3 7 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 0 2 154 2 ll"" 2 9 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 3 Lbs. Oz. 2,852 2 1,776 2 Cuban .Seed Leaf 1,607 9 1,568 11 1,542 12 1,503 14 1,465 0 Gold Leaf 1,413 0 1,309 6 Flannapran White Burl«-v 1,283 7 1,244 9 1.228 6 Maryland Kentuckj- Burley Big Havana . . 1,205 11 1,192 11 1,166 12 1,166 12 1,153 13 1,140 14 1,140 14 1,140 14 1,127 14 1,127 14 1,076 0 1,050 2 1,050 2 1,050 2 1,037 2 1,030 11 1,024 3 1,004 12 998 4 Sumatra . . . Sterling . . Comstock Spanish Zimmer s Spanish X. C. Bright Yellow. . . , (Conqueror Persian Muscatelle Small Ked C anadian »Told Finder \ irginia One Sucker Virginia Oak Hill Yellow Prvor Nearly mature . . Mature Nearly njature. . Mature Nearly mature : Mature Nearly mature . . ^Tatnre Little Oronoka 985 5 907 8 894 9 Oronoka Yellow Hyco Long Leaf Gooch 868 10 842 11 829 12 Sweet Oronoka 738 15 <^Tranville Co. Yellow Primus Eastern Pride Improved ^\ hite Burley Choice Havana Turkish Havana 738 15 732 7 726 0 713 0 674 2 661 3 648 3 Evans. . 622 5 Climax Persian Kose 615 13 557 7 Small Havana 531 8 Cannelle 479 11 Vuelta de Abajo » . Cannelle Good Canadian 479 11 466 11 453 12 FOREST BELTS. The forest belts at tlie Central Experimental Farm extend along its northern and western boundaries, the belt on the western boundary being 165 feet wide, and that on the northern boundary 65 feet wide. Their total length is nearly If miles. The number of trees growing in these belts, including those in a separate plantation of evergreens, is about 23,100. One of the principal objects for which the forest belts were planted was to obtain information relating to the growth of the best timber trees, when grown on different soils at different distances apart, in blocks of single species, and in mixed plantations. REPORT OF THE HORTlVlLTLRIST 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 TJie Jistanoe-j cliosen at first were 5 by 5 ft., 5 by 10 ft., and 10 by 10 ft. apart. In adJi- tion to obtaining information on the growth of the trees, another object of planting the belts was to find wliat infiuence they would have on the crops in the adjoining field?, both favourable and unfavourable. It was expected also that these belts would add much to the appearance of the landscape. It was hoped that other useful information re- garding timber trees would also be obtained. The first planting was done in the autumn of 18S7, just seventeen years ago, and the rapid growth which most of the trees have made should be some inducement to farmers and others to plant trees. Aknougli the .soil was not in all cases suitable for the trees whie-h were planted in it, being very poor in some places and badly drained, at first in others, these various eonditioixs have enabled us to note the kinds of soils which certain species will thrive in or those in which thej- will not do well. It has been found that the trees which were planted 5 by 5 feet apart, the closest distance, used at first, are making the best trees from a forestry standpoint, as the side branches are killed much soonei'. The trees planted 5 by 5 feet apart are more pro- tected from storms than those further apart, and hence the tops ar • less injured. They are also a little taller in most cases, but are not so great in diameter as those 10 by 10 feet apart. During the first years of growth there is a great advantage in having the trees close, as in order to get thrifty growth the soil should not become hard, nor should the trees be almost smothered with weeds or grass, and to get these good conditions it is necessary to cultivate at first, and the further the trees are apart the longer one will have to cultivate, thus making the expense greater. Until the last three years the trees in the mixed plantation were making the most satisfactory growth, and are yet making better growth than some of the clumps com- posed of single species, but the rapid growing kinds are developing so fast in thfl mixed belt that they are overshadownig some of the more valuable trees, and those which cannot endure much shade are being killed. To some extent this overshadowing is prevented by shearing the side branches and letting in more light. In nature, the proper proportion of fast and slow growing, shade-enduring and light-needing trees is gradually adjusted as the trees develop, but in artificial planting, it is very difficidt to arrange them in proper proportion where a number of species are used. The fewer kinds that are employed the easier it becomes. In seme of the clumps of single species the disadvantage of not having two or more kinds mixed is quite as apparent as the disadvantage of having so many kind* mixed in the mixed belt. Ash, Butternut, Black "Walnut, and Elm. which have thin foliage, do not kill the sod, and the growth on this account is checked. If other heav}"^ foliaged kinds, such as Larch, Spruce, Pine, or Box Elder had been mixed with these the results would have been, almost certainly, much better. Beginning in 1899 and continuing at intervals since, some plantations have been made with, trees and shrubs at much closer distances apart, the largest proportion being shrubs whiich are used for under-growth and which grow rapidly at first, but do not reacli a great height. In these plantings the trees and shrubs are but 2| feet apart. It is too soon yet to report fully on this experiment, but the results already obtained go to show that this method, if properly carried out, has some important advantages over wider planting, one of the principal being the saving of cultivation. It is pos- sible that 3 feet apart would be as satisfactory or more satisfactory a distance than 21 feet. The chief shntbs used as undergrowth were Eosemary Willow (Salix rosmarlni- folla). Alder Buckthorn (Rhamnus Frangula), Sauil Cherry (Frunus pumila), and Nine-bark (Neillm opuUfolia). The last has been found the most satisfactory, as it grows rapidly even in sod and has dense foliage. Every year measurements are taken in the forest belts at the Central Experi- inental Farm, both of the annual gTowth in height and in diameter, and tables are published from time to time in this report, the last one appearing in 1901. In the following table will be found the measurements of the principal species of trees in the belts up to this autumn. In most cases the published figures are the averages of three average trees, but in a few instances six trees are averaged. 138 •f06I ,punoj3 raojj -iQ a a « J a A y EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII.. A. 1905 -i-rrfc:-<-r-i«-i-i'-«tt-ir«WMn . ■ -t:i .^':— M-!«-i?i • -<-^oST-«:^»^«H•r»»■^xox-•-r -«»r»»»r-*8 '-»>o»> C'l rl M « « ?1 rl *J -«• • • ■* iS « T M f T« • M X M n (M M rj •^ 11 -r O « O 30 ;0 3J « V d ';3~ S ^^SrS^ri^l : :^M •«»> la o ri o M Tl 71 CI T) :?,ri 'f^ X S! ?. X 51 -r 1- 71 ;i ?, ?i?. Vl55 •gOGI • 1-1 iS t>. S • 00 t^ 1 ; ir: r: r^ c; cv -f : • >-i -r i-j i^ ^ n r- • w o m t- 1- >H 'I' Oi « r;x~j-*"jrioxo •^M-^'^-rsn-^s^ -ir;^»^"^b-no» x-^«i*xm;ox 6001 •^mSiajj 3S«J8AV Ci lO X M 5-1 .* - --..—.-#. c3 • X • i^ t^ c: ;i ■ X -t; 35 X M ri o i- ^ ffixx-*»'MOX»o^c;r;'*n :r .-" 55 lO «£ ?i in 'f i- -ri is t» •~ T-. r- — ( r^ -< i-i M ri ^ « « « M ri r- C'l r- ." !M T- 5^ CI SI W (M (M SJ «■! »1 T) T1 ?1 7) ?l 7> •I06T ■ ^ t- ■* -r r-i O • 1-1 05 t- t^ X • » r-l X O iC X O "* O X 35 — I t- I- 05 t- N -3; J1 ?1 M l- 1>. M IS ^ O X «fi 13 X N N r: S ; X 35 X W ?! X •* X "(f lO 3-. » o -f n -»< « l3 «■! 1« «o ri ^ 1-1 1-c ri rH CI e-1 e<5 sc ?■: M w w r- Ti r-l rt 5-1 ^ n I— 17> ?i r- m n e-i CI CI SI C] N CI CI •006T ilH^iajj aSuji^Ay " M '-i i- r- M X X c^ • 1-1 c X ^: 3; 71 -^ o CI X CI 1-" o 'J -r ci ^^ 71 35 o la 35 1 •pa^uvJifjnaqAv ^qSiajj JO dSy •-I 1-1 71 71 -^ f-i • X X X X X X X 3; •^ardy aouc;si(f ocooirtooisokftoiooiaoooisoiaoisoiooooio ooiooiriicior: g xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx tj loooooiKOirsoisoisoiooiooiaoiooooiooiooo X X X X X X X >' OOiftOCCO-« •ps^u-Btj iwtlAV X X 3; 3; X S: X 3; 3: 35 S; 35 3; 35 3; 35 3: 35 35 35 C: 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X i - X X X X X X X X XXXXXXXX XX XXX XXX i • = £ £ 5 S bo ""^ c -^ ^ c ' 2 ^ 01 rt sa M cr. fd o P3 X rt rt i. 1 r 1 _.i« f=< 2 P=. 1 o < o 1 1 i-^ 1 J; 1 S~i P j: J= 1 ^ OU w .s ~< ■« -i: 1) o (D .i^ C -<; 9 -Ji ?=! 01 JS J= rt > 35 « > « UEL'Oin' OF THE HORTICILTLRIHT 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 'pTino.tS luojj - 1 (\ aSBJOAY •K)6I I C- ?l 7^ -M Tl ri e-» fi r- ?1 C^ CC CO 1-1 T-H CO rt ?l 1 1 1 SOGI oOCT ' -S" n ■!»■ i" 1." t- ■,; .— ~ n — II — -1- 1 - ; jj ^ w 1— 5 ^: o •- 1- X CO h- r - t>. 1-- X cc -.i -f ii. ri -1 ?i i^ ffi M 1-1 ■— — i'l Ti ?i 1— rt ci Ti n Ti be .u a> (E .a S a 'o a c (t X ci j lOGI i';iiSiajj 8J8vJ3Ay OOGI tC t^'M — 4i(°og JO a3y | * ■- o i": X X lO 1^ X X ij ri n ii i::; ■^.i^dy 8Dii>nsi(j ooinooecooiaomo i~o osiso J xxxxxxxxxxxx Sj OOOOOeOlftOlOOOO XXX ;s bo ^.^ S" s ce I1> «1 s J= 2 is a ^.^ OS is >, TJ fee CS SI 00 .M P=3 2 » is o Is . 140 EXPEniMEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 AEBOEETUM AXD BOTANIC GARDEX. Xot.Avitli^tnudiiig' the severe winter of 1903-i there were liot many more trees aud .shrubs winter killed than usual, owing to the deep snow which protected the roots and ilie lower part of the trunk, but the killing back of the trees was severer than in other years. Further additions were made to the collection of trees and shrubs and to the herbaceous perennials. Of trees and shrubs 343 specimens representing 291 species and varieties were added, making the total number of species aud varieties of trees and -hrubs alive 3,132 when winter set in. The addition to the collection of herbaceous l>erennials was not large this year, but there are over 400 species and varieties avail- able for planting next spring, A bulletin on herbaceous perennials is being prepared. In the following table will be found a list of the genera of trees and shi*ubs in the Arboretum, with the number of species and varieties of each genus alive in the autumn ■ f 1904. = •"2 -r = z" eg l/'i = _c > ■j:'3 i. Name of Genus. » S" ^M d 11 ^''' ' ! ;^ ~ 1 4 : Acaiithopanax. j 50 122 Acer — Maple. j 4 2 Actinidia. i 1 3S ^lisculus— Horse Chestnut— Buckeye. 10 3 Akebia. 38 33 Alnus — Alder. 16 s Amelanchier— June-berry. 18 17 Amorplia— False Indigo. IIG 1 Andr.aclme. 26 3 Andromeda. 4 1 Aphananthe. 1 T) Aralia. 29 1 Aialidium. 31 1 Arctostaphylos. 2 2 Aristolochia— Birth wort. 9 r. Artemisia —Southern wood. 1 1 Asimina — North American Papaw. 5 1 Atrophaxis. 29 1 Baecharis- Groundsel-tree. 1 75 Berberis — Barberrj*. 7 1 Berchemia. 1 42 Betula— Birch. 1 1 Brcussonetia— Paper Mulberry. 6 4 Buddleia. 1 1 Bupleurum. 10 1 Bruckenthalia. 86 1 Buxus— Box. 0 1 Caesalpina. 1 1 CaUuna— Heather. 10 2 Calj-canthus— Carolina Allspice. 2 26 Caragana — Siberian Pea Tree. 2 14 Caritinus- Hornbeam. 2 1 Cassandra. 2 3 Carya— Hickory. 1 5 Castanea— Chestnut. 2 11 Catalpa. 8 4 Ceanothus— New Jersey Tea. 9 3 Celastrns — Shrubby Bitter-Sweet. 6 5 Celtis — Hackberry. 1 1 Cejihalanthus— Button Bush. 1 1 Cercidiph3-llum— Katsura Tree. 1 1 Cercis— Kedbud. 19 1 Cercocari)ns. 1 1 Chionanthus— Fringe-Tree. 2 o Cladraf^tis— Yellow-wood. 1 Name of Genus. Clematis — Virgin's Bower. Clethra— Sweet Pepperbush. Cocculus. Colutea. jCoruus — Dogwood. iCorj'lus — Hazel-nut, Filbert. ;Cotoneaster. ■Crataegus —Hawthorn. 'Cytisus — Broom. Daphne. Decumaria. |Deutzia. iDierviila — Weigela. Diospy ros —Persimmon. -Elaeagiuis— Olive. Ephedra. Erica— He.ath. Euonynius— Spindle Tree. Exochorda. Fagus — Becc)]. Fatsia. Fendlera. JFontanesia. iFore.stiera. Forsythia— Golden Bell. Fraxinus — Ash. [Genista — Green- weed. jGrewia. IGleditschia — Honey Locust. !Gymnocladus— Kentuckj- Cofifee Tree. I Halesia— Silver-bell Tree. JHalimodendron. 'Haniamelis — Witch Hazel. Hedysarum. Hippophae— Sea Buckthorn, i Hydrangea. jHvpericuni — St. John's Wort, [ilex— Hollv. Itea. I Indigo fera. ;.Iamesia. iJuglans— Walnut, Butternut. , Ivalmia — American Laurel. Kerria. iKolreuteria. L'ErORT OF TEE IKUmrllATRl&T SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 141 o " a cies and alive in nn, 1904. g-sl Name of (Jemis. Name of Genus. ■""So ^•c-f = -E-£ dS!< o >< '^ ^ 1 Labuniuiii. 2G Robinia— Locust-tree. 1 Ledum — Labratlor Tea. 82 Rosa — Rose. 3 Lespedeza. 36 Rubus — Raspberrj-, Blackberry, Dewberry. 2 Leucothot. 157 Salix-Willow. L'4 Ligvistiuui — Privet. 41 Sambucus— ]->lder. \ Lindera— Wild Allspice. 1 Schizandra. 2 Liriodendron — Tulip Tree. 1 Securihega. 107 Lonicera— Honej-suckle. 6 Sophora. 9 Lyciuni — Matrimony Vine. 85 Spiraea — Meadow-Sweet. 1 Lj-onia. 5 Staphylea— Bladder-Xut. .3 Magnolia. 2 Stephanandra. 1 Menispermum — Moonseed. 2 Styrax. 14 Mor\is — Mulberry. 13 Symphoricarpu!^- Snowberry. 5 My rica — Bay berry. 1 Symplocos. 1 Nandina 162 Syringa— Lilac. 2 Myricaria. 8 Tamarix— Tamarisk. 1 Neillia — Xiuebark. 2 Tecoma— Trumpet Flo-.ver. 1 Xemopanthus— Mountain Holly. 37 Tilia — Linden, Basswood. 1 Neviusia. 92 L'lmus — Elm. 1 Nuttallia o Vaccinium — Cranberry, Blueberry, Bil- 1 Xyssa- Pepperidge— Sour Gum. berry. Huckleberry. 2 Ostrya— Hop Hornbeam— Iron- wood. 29 Viburnum — Arrow-wood. 1 Onom.s. 1 Vitex. 1 Ostryopsis. 32 Vitis — Grape, Virginian Creeper, Ivy. 1 Oxydendron— Sorrel Tree— Sour \Yood. 9 Wistaria. 1 Pacliysandra. 1 Xanthorrhiza- Shrub — Yellow-root. 2 Paeouia — Paony. 1 Xanthoxylum— Prickly Ash. 1 Paliurus— Christ Thorn. 4 Yucca. 1 Parrotia. 4 Zelkowa. 1 Per.iphylluni. 1 Periploea. 3 Phellodendron. Cox I FEES. 62 Philadelphus— :Mock Orange -Syringa. 5 Photinia. 36 Abies — Pir. 1 Pirrasma. 2 Cedrus— Cedar. 9 Platanus— Plane Tree— Buttonwood. 40 Cupressus — Cypress. 51 Populus— Poplar. 4 Ginkgo— Maiden-hair Tree. 5 Potentilla— Cinque-foil. 66 Junii^erus- Juniper. 138 Prunus— Almond, Peach, Apricot Plum, 7 Larix —Larch —Tamarack. Cherrv. 75 Picea— Spruce. 8 Ptelea— Wafer Ash. 45 Pinus— Pine. ' 3 Pteroearya. 1 Pseudolarix. 1 Pterostyrax. 3 Pseudotsuga. 217 Pyrus— Pear, Apple, Mountain Ash, Quince, o Taxodium— Bald Cypress. Medlar. 12 Taxus— Yew. 98 Quercus— Oak. 67 Thuya— Arbor Vitae. 27 Rhamnus— Buckthorn. 5 Tsuga— Heuilock. 6 Rhododendron. 1 Rhodotypos. 3,132 Total number of species and varieties ali\> 14 Rhus— Sumach. autumn of 1904. 57 Ribes— Currant, Gooseberry. 180 Genera. 4-5 EDWARD Vlt. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1905 REPOET OF THE CHEMIST. (Fraxk T. SiiuTT, M.A., F.I.C, F.S.C.. F.R.S.C.) Ottawa, Deceuil)cr 1, 1904. Dr. Wm. Sauxders.. Director, Dominion Exjjerimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir,, — I Lave the honour to submit herewith the eighteenth annual report of the Chemical Division of the Experimental Farms. Though much of a new and interesting character will be found in the results here presented, the investigations luidertaken during the past season have for the mo.'^t part been similar in nature to those of foi-mer years. More or less assistance has been rendered in all the branches of agriculture and, as far as possible, the more important problems affecting the farming interests of the various provinces of the Dominion have received attention and study. In addition to the work here recorded, we have examind a large number of sam- ples of an agricultural nature received from farmers. Help also of a direct character has been given the individual through correspon- dence— an important branch of the work of the division- Addresses have been delivered at several of the larger agricultural conventions in Ontario and Quebec, the following titles indicating the character of the matters dis- cussed : — ' The Economic jNIaintenance of Soil Fertility.' ' The Importance of Clover as a Source of Hiimus and Xitrogen,' ' The Control of Soil Moisture in Orchards.' 'The "Cover" Crop and Cultivation; their Eelative Importance in the Manage- mout of Orchard Soils.' • The composition of Concentrated Feed Stuffs as sold in Canada.' ' The Factors which Control the Moisture Content of Butter.' ' The Changes in Honey on Storage in a Damp Atmosphere.' Tour in Briiish Cohimhia. — At the special request of the Provincial Government, two months were spent in visiting the more important agricultural areas of British Columbia. An account of this interesting and instructive tour will be found at the conclu-sion of the accompanying report. Soils. — A niimber of virgin soils from British Columbia have been submitted to careful analysis. These include representative samples from ivingcome Inlet, Cape Scott, Balfour and Kualt. A soil from Xew Liskeard (Xew Ontario) and one from the Peace River district have also been examined and are now reported upon. In addition to these, we have received a large number of soils from farmers all over the Dominion. These have not received complete analysis — and consequently do not find a place in this report. From a preliminary examination and the determina- tion of certain elements of fertility we have endeavoured to draw conclusions regard- ing the rational treatment of these soils, and these particulars wo tru=;t have iiroved of value to those sending the soils. 140 144 EXPERIUEXTAL FAL'MS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Control of Soil Moistui'c. — Further experiments have been eouducted, in the or- chards of the experimental farms at Ottawa and Xappan. The results are well in accord with those of our forjner researches and at the same time serve to emphasize eertain important features in soil management which had not hitherto been in- vestigated. Fodders and Feedinc/ Stuffs. — During the j)ast three seasons an investigation has been carried on with the object of determining the amount of dry matter, protein, «S:c., as produced per acre by Indian corn sown in hills and drills, respectively. This work is now reported upon. Analysis of Eape ensilage and ensilage of mixed Eape and Corn are given and the values of these new succulent fodders discussed. A considerable numljer of milling products, meat meals, and stock foods have been examined during. the past year. These analyses now constitute an important branch of our work, owing to the many new products and condimental foods being constantly ls. But it must be remembered that soils such as the one under consideration rapidly deteriorate when worked (owing to loss of humus) unless continually replenished with organic matter from one source or another. It seems, iherefore, desirable, if employed agriculturally, to use them largely for grazing or to adopt such a rotation as will every few years give the soil a crop of clover or some other legume, and thus keep up the store of humus and nitrogen. Shallow ploughing should be adopted for a number of years, in order to make prac- ticable the enrichment of the upper few inches of the surface soil. The drainage is possibly good, but if not, it should be made .so. The turning under of clover or pease, in addition to the application of such barnyard manure as is available cannot be too strongly recommended, and wood-ashes or a mixed fertilizer containing phosphoric acid and potash, could no doubt be used to advantage to supply the necessary mineral ele- ment.-. FERTILIZERS AND A^[ENr):\rEXTS. "WOOD ASHES FKOM SAW-MU.r.S AT POIU' MOODY. B C. We have in a former publication (see p. 15G, Report, 1901) endeavoured to correct the impression prevalent in parts of British Columbia that there is but little fertillziu'*' 152 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 value in tlie asli o£ the soft woods — Douglas fir, ceJar, «fcc. — grown in that province, and we have ventured the opinion from the examination of many soils, hoth on Van- couver Island and on the mainland, that the application of such ashes would be found to give a good return, more particularly on the sandy and peaty loams. It is of interest, therefore, to insert the following analysis of a sample of sneh ashes recently made in the Farm laboratory. The correspondent forwarding the ashes says : ' The sample of ash is from the saw- mill at Port bloody. There are many tons lying out in the yard and thought to be useless. We in this vicinity, as fruit-growers and gardeners, wish to know what fertil- izing value it may have. It is principally the ash from slabs of fir, with some cedar taken from booms out of the salt water. Tou Avill confer a great favour on us here bj' your earliest reply.' Analijsis of Ashes. ]U:oisture '82 Potash 1"91 Phosphoric acid l'T6 Carbonate of lime .... 36'5o Though not equal, as regards potash, to h'ard wood ashes, I should certainly con- sider these ashes as- a valuable fertilizer, especially in conjunction with farm manures or clover turned under. In addition to the potash and phosphoric acid, they contain, there is a notable amount of car])onate of lime present — and this fact alone would make the ashes valuable for the soils already referred to. The probability' is, from what our correspondent says regarding the storage of these ashes, that they are iiartially leached and have thus lost a considerable proportion of their most important element — potash. We are inclined to think that with a little care and protection, such ashes should con- tain at least between 3 per cent and 4 iier cent of potash. The use of wood ashes may be specially recommended for all classes of fruits, for vegetables and other leafy crops, and for the encouragement of vigorous- growth in clover. LEACHED WOOD .iSHES. Occasionally we are in receipt of inquiries regarding the value of leached wood a.shes. This value, we have pointed out, wiU be dependant upon the extent to which leaching has occurred. In the following data we present the results obtained from, a sample of such ashes, and they go to show the disastrous efi'ect of exposure as regards the potash content. Analysis. Moisture 2*18 Charcoal (loss on ignition) ! . . 26'59 Mineral matter (soluble in acid) o-i'92 '' '' (insoluble in acid) 1G*31 100"00 Potash, solul>le in water '24 It is evident that these ashes have been very thoroughly leached, and are of very little value as far as potash is concerned. There will, of course, be a certain amount of rhosphoric acid present, probably between 1 per cent and 2 per cent. The greater iiart of the mineral matter 'soluble in acid' is lime, or, rather, carbonate of lime. For land needing lime, such ashes would be useful, and the price that the farmer or fruit livower should give ior them should be estimated entirely from that point of view. This sami)]e was forwarded from ' an old ashery near St. Catharines, Out., that has not been disturbeil for many years.' We think this is an extreme case of leaching. REPORT OF THE CUEMl.ST 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 but it certainlj^ furuislies a marked illustration of the loss that ashes may suffer through want of proper protection from rain. In former samples of leached ashes examined in the Farm laboratory, we have usually found between 2 per cent and i per cent potash. ASI-I OF ROCK MAPLE. A sample of ash from rock maple, forwarded by ^h\ James L. ^latheson, Dundas, P.E.I., furnished the following data : — Anali/sis. Per cent. Moisture "21 Organic and volatile matter (chiefly charcoal) 12'08 Insoluble residue (clay and sand) 1'32 Potash 12"4G Lime 42*46 Phosphoric acid 2'05 Our correspondent, in forwarding these ashes, says : — • These were obtained from the Eock maple and are much lighter in colour than those ixsually seen here. We ar- interested to know how they compare in fertilizing value with ordinary hardwood ashes.' Good samples of commercial wood ashes will contain, as a rule, from 5 per cent to 6 per cent potash, and from 1'5 per cent to 2 per cent phosphoric acid. It is thus seen that the sample under consideration is much superior, as regards its most valiuiblcr element, potash. We have frequently in our publications called attention to the fertilizing value of wood ashes, especially as a source of potash. Without unnecessarily repeating what has been said as to the composition of ashes and the crops for which they are best suited, it may be advantageous to point out that while the commercial value of ashes will depend upon the potash and phosphoric acid content, the manurial value will be considerably higher. The ]n-esence of a large amount of lime, the mild alkalinity of the ash, the particular combinations in which two elements of plant food are held, are all, undoubtedly, factors that enhance the value of wood ashes as a fertilizer. In other word.s, the benefits derived from their use include, in addition to the supplying of mineral plant food, the correction of sourness, the conversion of injurious iron com- pounds into harmless forms, the encouragement of nitrification, and the general im- provement of the tilth of the soil. It has frequently been noticed that soil to which ashes have been applied is much l^etter able to resist the injurious effect of a protracted drought than adjoining land Avhich has not been so treated. ASHES FROM MUCK. Two samples of ashes obtained by the burning of muck in heaps, were forwarded by Mr. James ITopgood, West Cape, P.E.I., who writes: 'These ashes were made by piling soft wood stumps and covering over with partially dried-out muck. The bulk of the ashes is like Xo. 1, dark-grey and heavy. There i>, however, a fair proportion of No. 2, which is light in character and almost white. Do you think it is worth while to go to any expense in making these ashes V Analysis. No. 1. Xo. 2. Moisture '77 'J'02 Insolvible matter (clay, sand, »S:c.) 77'83 73'55 Oxide of iron and alumina 7'46 3"S9 Lime 6'40 7'00 Potash "30 "51 Phosphoric acid '39 '57 154 j:xfi:i;i MENTAL FAints 4-5 EOVVARD Vll., A. 1905 In No. 1, tliere is a very large proportion of sand; in Xo. 2, the chief constituent 16 silica — also valueless as plant food. Though undoubtedly possessing a certain fertilizing value, both these ashes are decidedly inferior to wood ashes. The potash and pliosphoi-ic acid arc not present in amounts larger than those found in most fertile soib, but they are possibly in a more available condition. Tlie lime would prove 'beneficial for certain soils, but we do not think the data waij-ant any great expense in obtaining the ashes. No. 2, is the mucli nvoro valuable ash, as will be evident from the larger percentages of potash and phos- ihovic acid. The most valuable fertilizing constituent of muck is nitrogen, and the next in importance is the organic matter. Both of the?e are lost iu burning the muck, and for this reason we counsel composting by one or other of the methods outlined in our report for lOOH. ASIIKS FaO>r CARBIDE WORKS. These so-called ' ashes ' are described as ' the residue from the manufacture of the carbide' and were forwarded from the carbide factory at St. Catharines, Ont. They are not to be confused with the residue from tlie acetylene gas machine, (resulting frc.m the action of water on carbide), which as we have repeatedly stated, is practi- cally slacked lime. In the formation of carbide in the electrical furnace, the outside portion of the mixture is but imperfectly acted upon and it is this, we conclude, separated from the carbide, that constitutes these ' ashes.' Analysis. Per cent. Moisture 11"51 Loss on igiiitiuu (rar'uoii and coke) ]•! 88 Residue, insoluble in acid 5'8G Oxide of iron and alumina 3 50 Lime (i)resent partly as e;nl uuate) 46*53 Potash ." '12 Phosphoric acid 'flight traces. Nitrogen 1'03 As regards the mineral constituents of plant food, it is evident that this material can have no agricultural value, save for the lime it possesses. Phosphoric acid is ab- sent, or practically so, and the potash is present in an amount less than that found in most fertile soils. Such ashes, however, are undoubtedly of A'alue as an amendment for soils deficient in lime or requiring lime to correct sourness or improve their tilth. The nitrogen is 1 per cent., or 20 lbs. per ton, and the question naturally presents itself as to its availability for plant use. To obtain information regarding thi.s matter certain experiments were made, with the following results : — 1. Ten (10) grams of ashes, to which were added 500 cc- of water, were distilled wilh magnesia. TJiis resulted in obtaining *J1 per cent nitrogen. This shows that practically 10 per cent of the total nitrogen present exists in tlie lorm of ammonia salts, or in such a combination that under the conditions of the experiment ammonium compounds are formed. Distillation with water only gave *0T5 per cent nitrogen. 2. Ten (10) grams of the material were digested in the cold with 200 cc. water for two hours and filtered. 100 cc. of the filtrate were distilled after being made strongly alkaline with magnesia, but no ammonia Avas obtained. This proves that no part of the nitrogen exists either as free ammonia or as ammonimn salts. n. Two (2) grams were extracted in the cold witii dilute sulphuric acid, filtered and filtrate made alkaline and distilled. Nitrogen amounting to 0*91 per cent was obtained- REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 4. Hydrogen Avas passed over the aslies (5 grams) in a red-hot tube. The gas was L'onducted into diulte sulphuric acid, which was subsequently made alkaline and dis- tilled. Nitrogen amounting to 0'T2 per cent was obtained. IJnfortunately the furnace at our disposal for this class of work is not very satisfactory as regards obtaining high temperatures, and it is probably owing to this fact that this experiment did not result in a larger percentage of nitrogen. However, there seems to be no doubt that the nitrogen of the fresh material exists very largely, if not entirely, as ealeiimi nitride. By paragraph 2, it will be seeii that the absence of ammonium salts was proven. On keeping the ashes, as in a bottle, it Avas found that a considerable amount of ammonia developed. As to how soon such nitrogen might become available to plants we cannot at pres- ent say, but from the fact that ammonia is so readily formed in the presence of moisture, there seems a strong probability that this material may be found of some value as a nitrogenous fertilizer. ASHES FROM INCINERATOR. These are the product of the crematory or incinerator at ITontreal. In forward- ing them for analysis, the Hon. J. A. Ouimet writes : ' These ashes are from burnt garbage, &c. It is a matter of .some importance for farmers and others in the neigh- bourhood to know wliat fertilizing value they may possess.' As received, this sample consisted of fine ash mixed Avith a Luge proportion of cinders and clinkers, among which were observed many pieces of glass, crockery and unburnt coal. A few fragments of burnt bone were also noticed. Anrihj.^is. Per cent. Moisture '45 Insoluble mineral matter. 7.Vs;j Lime 3'80 Phosphoric acid I'OS Potash '44 A mechanical sepaxition gave GG per cent cinders, (S:c.. and 34 per cent fine ash. The fertilizing value of these ashes, it will be seen, is extremely small, Ix-ing re- presented practically by the phosphoric acid, which the analysis shows to be in tha neighbourhood of 1 per cent. "We cannot, therefore, regard this waste product as of any importance from the manurial standpoint. It might, however, be used to advant- age on heavy, plastic clays. ITpon such, ashes of this character have an ameliorating efiect by lightening and mellowing and otherwise beneficially affecting the mechanical condition of the soil- CALCAREOUS DEPOSITS FRO^t BRITISH COLUMBIA. Deposits of tufa-like appearance, with a semi-crystalline, more or less honey-comb structure, occur not infrequently in various parts of the country in or adjacent to the so-called dry belt of British Columbia. As a rule this mateiS 1 is reported as found in the valleys or canyons, apparently issuing from the hillside as a plastic mass, cover- ing possibly a considerable area, and subsequently hardening by simple exposure. From an examination of one of the deposits made by the writer in the Xicola valley la.st summer, it is evidently formed by the evaporation of wa'ters or springs highly charged with carbonate of lime, held in solution by carbonic acid. One correspondent writing respecting this deposit, says: ' xVs the growtli of the vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the deposit is very vigorous, the material must be of some importance as a fertilizer.' 156 LXl'Kh'lMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 At tlie request of irr. J. R. Anderson, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Victoria, B.C., we have analysed specimens collected at Enderby, Okanagan Mission, Kicola Lake and East Kootenay. There was a strong similarity between these samples; witli the exception of the one from Okanagan, it would have been difficult to distinguish them the one from the other. Analysis of Calcareous Depasits. Locality. Carbonate of Lime. Insol- uble Matter (Clay). Oxide of Iron aTid Alumina. OrganicMat- ter, Mag- nesia, &c. Knderin- N icola Lake Knst Kootenaj' i>kanagau Mission p. c. 9414 95 71 95-33 70 75 p. c. •61 -63 •35 3-40 p. c. •60 •86 •65 18 93 p. c. 4 05 3- 00 3-67 6-92 They are all essentially carbonate of lime, the first three mentioned in the table being very similar in composition, and of excellent quality. As this material is usually extremely hard, it would seem that in order to make it effective agri'Culturally, it would be necessary to crush or grind it to a powder. But most probably the best plan would be to burn it. The resulting lime would, I think. be found very serviceable, especially on the strong claj' soils, as about Enderby and Armstrong. It would be valuable to low-lying and mucky soils, which as a rule are cxce-ssively rich in organic matter and nitrogen, but deficient in mineral matter con- stituents. It is of interest to note that the analysis of a second sample of the Enderby deposit, forwarded after being burnt and allowed to air-slake, gave 90'23 per cent slaked lime and 1"33 i^er cent oxide of iron and alumina. Its quality was such that it could be well used for making concrete, and for other building purposes. BOXE FROM WHALE. This sample consisted of two pieces of rib bone, dry and bleached by exposure. It was forwarded from East Leicester, X.S., and accompanied by the information that ihere were about 20 tons of the boiies procurable in tlie locality at a cost of $10 per ton. Our correspondent, with others, was anxious to learn how thay compared with the ordinarv bone meal on the market. Analysis. Moisture. Organic and volatile matter"-' (gelatine, fat, iN;c. ) . . Mineral matter (phosphate of lime, &c.) 7'41 35"95 56"64 lOO'OO Pho-phoric acid (equivalent to 4T'33 per cent pho<]ihate of lime) . ■ . 21'68 Xitrogen S'OS Reference to the la.st issue of the bulletin on Commercial Fertilizers (Inland Eev- crixie Department) shows that the bone meals upon the Canadian market contain be- tween 2'7 per cent and 4'7 per cent nitrogen, and from 19*0 per cent to 26'0 per cent • Coiaiaining 14 -So per cent fat. REVORT vr THE CHEMIST 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 pha^phoric acivl. We may saftlj- eonelude, therefore, that as regards these essential elements, this bone does not differ in any marked degree from the lx>ne meal generally sold, the priee of which is in the neighbourhood of $25 per ton. It has not, however, the same agricultural value of bone meal, for two reasons: its unground condition and the presence of a considerable quantity of fat. The degree of fineness and the proportion of fat. in a very large measure control the rapidity with which the bone is decomposed in the soil and its plant food liberated in available form ; the finer the bone and the freer from fat, the more valuable it is from the standpoint of a fertilizer. In the event of its being impracticable to have the bones groiuid or treated for conversion into superphosphate, it is suggested that the bones be broken and crushed, composted with barnyard manure, wood ashes or with alkali, according to one or other of the metliods outlined for the reduction of bones on the farm and described in our re- port for 1S95. Unbroken and untreated, the bones would be of very little immediate value as a fertilizer — they would probably remain for years in the soil with but little decomposition. THE COXTROL OF SOIL :iIOLSTUEE. Among tlic several factors that go towards successful orcharding three may be mentioned which are intimately connected: (1) the control of the soil's moisture at different seasons of the year, (2) the maintenance or increase of the fertility of the soil and its mechanical improvement, and, (3) the furnishing of ' cover ' to protect the roots of the trees during the winter. By cultivation, followed by the growth of a cover crop, all these objects may be attained, but as soils and climatic conditions throughout the country are not the same, it will be evident that the plan — as regards periods to be under cultivation and under crop — best adapted to one locality may require modi- fication before giving equally good resttlts in another. In order to test various modifications of this system as regards soil treatment, and to obtain information as to the fertilizing value of certain new crops or new com- bination of crops, experiments were begun a number of years ago on the Experimental Farm, Ottawa. The restilts of these investigations have appeared in the annual re- ports of the farms. In continuing this work dttring the past season, we have carried on experiments at Ottawa and at Xappan, X.S., the information sought being solely with regard to the control of the soil's moisture. Experiments at the Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ont. Two series of experiments were instituted; the first, to ascertain the comparative effect of cultivation and mulching on the soil's moisture; the second, to learn the rela- tive amounts of water withdrawn by certain crops sown broadcast and in drills, re- spectively— in the case of the drill-sown crop the cultivation was carried on between the rows as long as practicable. Series I. — Consisted of 5 plots. A, B and ('^, adjoining one another; D and E also adjoining one another, but in a different part of the orchard from the first three named. The soil of one plot (A) was to be kept in ' clean culture ' throughout the season and its moisttire content, compared with that of a soil carrying a growing crop of Hairy Vetch, uncut (plot B), of a soil with Hairy Vetch cut and mulched (plots C and D), and of a soil with a crop of mixed clover and Timothy (E) cut and used as mulch. Plot A was ploughed May 6, cultivated June 10, 25, July 25. Plot B had been sown in 1903, with Hairy Vetch, which before the close of the season had practically covered the ground. The vetch sttrvived the winter well and during the early part of the present (1904) season produced an excellent, though some- what patchy, growth. Towards the end of July the crop began to die and it was cut August 5, to be saved for seed. 153 EXPKh'lMLXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Plots C and D diifered from B only in tlie cutting and mulching of the Hairy- Vetch. The crop was cut June 2 and left on the ground. From an observation made shortly after the cutting, it was thought that the vetch would not produce any after- math, and that it would not long survive the cutting. This proved to be the case. The vetch rapidly died and its place was taken by a growth of Foxtail, &c. These facts ■are indicative of the unsuitability of Hairy Vetch if it is desired to mulch. Further, the data of these two plots as regards the effect of mulching on the moisture content •must not in any sense be considered conclusive. Plot E was in clover and Timothy, sown 1903, Throughout the season it gave but a ' thin stand,' the clover gradually disappearing. The dates of cutting are May 28, June 29, July 21, and August IT, The cut herbage was all allowed to remain as a mulch, but being very light acted poorly in that capacity. The samples were collected every two weeks from May 0 to August 28, and were taken to a depth of 14 inches. It will be noticed that at the outset the percentage of moisture in Plot A is con- siderably lower than that of the other plots of the series. Four days previous to the collection of the sample this plot had been ploughed but not disked or harrowed. This reglect resulted in a most serious drying out of the soil. When soil, and especially that which has been in sod, is left in ridges, the air freely circulates about and through it, with the effect just noted. If moisture is to be conserved it is es-sential that the ploughing be followed immediately by the disc and smoothing harrows. It is only thu3 tbat a fine earth mulch will be formed and evaporation checked. Although there was n very fair rainfall — one above the average, indeed — for May, this plot did not equal the othere by several percentages until June 6, so seriously had its soil been dried out. There is in the results of this plot during May an important lesson alike for the farmer and the orchardist. From the fact already referred to, that the growth of Plot B was not as uniform as could be wished, it may not be wise to discuss the details too closely. We had hoped inferences might be drawn from its data as to the relative amount of moisture with' drawn from^ the soil by Hairy Vetch or conserved by the shade of its foliage. As the summer may be described ns, both cool and wet, and as the soil was in places not entirely covered with foliage, we only feel justified in saying that the data do not indicate any great exhaustion by the Hairy Vetch of the soil moisture. Probably the loss which would otherwise ensue from the setting up of capillarity is prevented by the shade furnished by the crop, the heavy foliage, undoubtedly, would act beneficially and effectively as a mulch. On Plot C, the crop (Hairy Vetch) was cut on June 2, and the crop left on the ground. There v/as not, however, a sufficiency to cover the plot and we find that as the summer advanced, moisture to some extent was lost through capillarity beinj; established. Consequently, in July the soil of this plot was drier than that of either A or B, The growth on Plot D was very scanty, resulting in an exceedingly^ thin mulch when cut, and we have, therefore, in the data, evidence of the drying out through capillarity and evaporation, especially in the latter part of June and during July. The results of Plot E are similar in trend to those just considered, though showing a still further exhaustion of soil moisture. This was undoubtedly due to the stronger growth on Plot E, which of course, means more soil moisture lost through transpiration. Our results in 1902 and 190C showed most emphatically the great draft made by a sod on the soil's moisture and the reduction to 4*7 per cent (July IS) was most assuredly chiefly due to the same cause, the large amount of transpiring surface. ItErORT OF THE CHE MIS 159 SESSIOK'AL PAPER No. 15 O o 1 -2 xnricxj: Ti-fO 1 o o ir-j r-. -M vr y: 1 - c-3 i-*^ t-3 o I- 7]^ -r -J -r - "^'-"S^ ^^s-o I—' >-rt-r i-Ti-T o ^ i i ^' — "3 ^2 5j s o c^ 1- — :^ fM r; ri :c 5> o ?i ri •*• w C-. o i^ CO CI « M f-l r-l C! r-i ?1 f- 1 'i'? i 3 ii ^ ^Tl — 0-fOXC5> p-t 1^ s C >0 C. I'- :c -T* I'- ^ C: i^ ? *i c^ .^ c^ « ii' i- ■^ -^ i'- = o.i; ^ l—i r-H i-H T— t r— ! oS 1 z I ^ 1 p-i • ! -r 1 93 C^M'OC^rJ'O-P-l'r^ '^ g S iri « It ic -f cocc i~ o 1 0/ 1 av m (t; m •!• T T o t ^ ^- ^ ^- »— t r-' !— 1 ] i-^ 1 1 '-^ •/ ?; c: ir — -r t^ f i ^ — ri rj -^ Oj g >-^. — -r o IC — X -.C .:: ^ ^ 1— 1— ^ i-l r-i ^ 3 £h t— ! <:, 2 ;'; -f t': X ^ ~. t^ t- o o 1 i ^ 1 -f -r T 1 X r: i" ^ y:> 3i C-) 17 r^ T-i TTM r; ^ CI q 1 3i 1 -f L"; r/; X ~ w -f ~ T") >> c i^ >.": t~ T X re o -t< t^ b -^ c'c i^i f 1 .^ ie X Ti ^ ^ '5 i ,_ t,: J, -^ _ ., ^ _. ^_ ,, _ g ^ i-^ c ri f^ X S -r X o ^ 0-. .- -1 X . r t-C". ri o -''-'-'■--■ -'-'-<" t^ 1 i3 S o w X o t- -f :': i^ ~ fd 1 1 lU r-i O :;; 9P, $ S^ 5S n iii 2P =P i P^ ll H 1 o ''^ 7^; ?i T) o r^ x i: .'.'; ri ri r: o i -^ -^ o ri 53 Ph g ;l CI t- -^ t- s --T •-: t - n C r". — r X -r X -M C — — ' t-- .- X -r .- o f-Tl— • T— '' ' , '' .— « cj i < -a 1 ^ 1 C-. 1- X iff 3 rt ~- — ^ Plot '•1 3 1* cr X' ao cc- 00 c; X' cc o a Iff — . Iff OC rH CI r-i Iff r> (X .^ « O A* iff t^ M f ^ / bl a; 1 . Ph t t t- t^ Iff C5 — tc ^ c s i £ 3-. — . s; .ff -r X X -T -r C- ^ ?1 1-i r-i 1) ■^ ! ^ ^• _c '■*3 o Q> o O C4-I O ci CO — b -t X r- uff r-. e Cl Cl r- r- 11 "3 v^ 3 3 i f^ i-i t-i -^ p I 150 hXi'innM i:mal fa iras 4-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 ci d Id a: v: ^ ' — ■ /■^ C Ji S ^ I ^"^ 'Ui o 1 gp > fH X'~ r^ 1 - 3* Sjs o tS (^ ^ Ph ^ ts fe q ' bO cS.C '.a o ee Ph p3 C,^ oc ■*• ^ :* =c £■ ^ b S « r^ ~ 00 ^ '%, »2 1^; 5 2 ^ X i5 [:: 55 w M ;^ ^^ Ji « '^ ^ ,-^ ?i 30 p © >5 ' 5 3o ^ "S 5 5^ '^ t- iri ■» i^ -J o X M tc ce Jr C t^ o c^ o "'; ■* "2 ^ S ^ lO ^ C2 -^ c: o C5 X' »^__x_ ;^ ;_, C-i rl riTl M ?1 to© 030©■ w i>- f CO 1-1 1- !-! -5 ■* X X r-. t- 1- -.i m 1-1 ^ t>. i^ Plot 2. c o rt ^ 0,' ;-> o ci i 1 4.50 1,231 '.m\ ;598 391 642 :?79 1,391 :{61 715 279 1,247 188 1,977 212 1,091 :{68 i,8:i5 351 549 444 313 C o 1 0 © X -i- 1- -^ ■* CO c. CO i- e X I- 1- -^ CO - 0 -^ tr a-. » r-J s a5 u o P^ 1 t-, 10 1-1 « f -2 'M "-S l-"^ I- W ^ t~ CO y^ ■* e — . ;: y. I- 1-1 -- C0_O IH i-H^-O 11,^^ ^,'*, c; "* I- 0 o;,»-i -^ 1-1 3 1." X 0 t- 0 r- t^ n- ii — . CV -^ X fCOCllli-lr-ii— r^CICOl' o .-( -^ M :s 13 :s CO 0 5; 1-1 CO tMI 1.-5 rn 0 -* 5<1 X t-- OV CO 0 05 X I- 11 0 C; t>. X Cv t - Tf -J „ rt ,_! ,-, .- rH 11 ^ id c Pi O t— 1 C-. 0 i^ 0 CO -.I IS Lt' m tc -f c 1-1 r; ;s c: -r = r- ui 11 ;-. P "3 COr-! r-l T-l—CI— i-^ 5 ^ .2 o O -u a C5 >•.! -^.^.-S.-^- 4 1.12 1-24 017 Flints. 79 04 20 36 1C3 0 0!) 11 01 .5 -56 116 1-41 0-22 Dry Matter. Dents 7-23 0-35 .58 10 28-43 573 0-35 0-88 Flints 812 0-44 58-99 26-72 5-73 6-91 1-21 The fodder (fresh material) of the Flint varieties, compared weight f«r weight with that from the Dents, is seen to contain the larger amount of dry matter. The difference is not a large one, but the superiority of the ' Flint ' fodder is still further emphasized by the fact that its dry matter is richer in albuminoids and possesses less fibre. In the second table, to be found on page 168, we present the data of the yields and weights of nutrients per acre from the Flint and Dent varieties examined. REPORT OF THE CJIEMIST 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 h- Tf .— n t- 3^ -<- ,... 1- © CI © ,p«< J« -/■ X l-t- LO © t- IS CO CC CO Tf r-i l~ l^ :» ©CO 1-1 1- c CJ -r i---r ■x^X ■V -^ l^ 00 ■* O -r - © © 'TO -V O X l- ■^ -1- ir: IS © © -r IS , T -H 00 l^ O (M TJ> 1^ © lo X X CO X ca X © 10' •»1" © © ® 00 X 1 •spiou IM IM ^ t- -^ o: .-n (N Ot- CO CO •* © T :> Cl t- CO ■* ® CO o s ^ O © 5-1 i-H O O O ©.-t " © ■" O O (N CI 1-t 1-! O © r^ C-l O rH :o M CI ■M' t rj -c >•"; CO fTi ^m X -* — ; ^M l^ rr: X >0 -^ ■^ 1-0 r^ CI 1 1 C> •. c: © -o t- f O X X m t- ©1^ — — 1- X X l~. l^ X © X w 1— 1 ca iO r^ © o iM -n CO © CI ,_) t^co ,_l «^ 1^ * 'N^ X CI CO © CO © rf O r-li-(C<5Xti30©-*X Ci CO-^X ©X T— » c* X © X IS IS © rH 1 -puj^xe 0^ ij — uaSo.xjiv^ ct -^ 00 '- i;t © lo ^ -t< .V !■- ^ © © ;. -r ca i^ CI X © X -*i r< 1 •" O © lA o © © o OOIO ■o '■- ti; © O IS IS o © © O © IS L-l-'M t- ©l- ^^ _ — . rrx CI ,_ '/■ *c © o *"- "^ © 1— ' *"■ 'P- 1 r-i©c^'ri^©-r© 1—1 o J; CO -^; — rr CI r- -r X F-l C3 © .-1 T-l •e.iqux P* © © © ct: CI O m t^ — X ^ •^ I- C 1- X .— cq t^ -r t^ Tf © r-l eo c^ iM c-i ?i i-i ^: CO o CI C-l •'• CI '^ Cl C<1 CO CJ CJ Cl CI © O —1 1- o © » ■*f "^ © ^_ .* I- C> X — ' ..-. OC CI CO X iC © t~ 1 T-i ?t t^ cc ri T 3 — ' •''.; ~f -f 1'.. © T ■ — -~ *'; © rt -?> CO O 1 •%^A © © © © © o © © © -' © w = =^ c =■ = — © © C: © © © i ©i-©o©x©© T* rvi 1". *— 1 i* — . .. M © -r --J ^ t^ © — . © ■— © -/» — — — — , iS © T- ca -f '^ I- X X X CO X l^ X I- y. l~ X l^ l~ t^ X l- t~ 1^ X X X X T-i ^ '^■j *i •^* -^ .-^ ■ CI -i „• .,■ ^• ~1 *1 .-■ ^ ^ T^ ci ca" oo' co' ^.2 © © © © © o © © o © = © © © ©©©©©©© .-^ ;:: ;:: ::: - ;i: ;i: ;:; ~ f^y ^ _' _' ^ _' ^- _^' _p' _f' — ^i-T 1s^ IM C-J J1 IM ?1 71 ?1 CI CI CI CI CI CJ Cl CI CI C4 CI C5 f) ca CI CI CI P'o .ui O a, . Q - - ~ - - - - ^ - - ~ " " - - ' " ~ ^iH ,-1 ci cj CO CO —■ ^ ^ ^ — • • — ca ci CO CO © © © © © c: - © © 3 © o© ^ -0 c • = — ^ X x't- r-Ti- i^x T r^ r^ f ^ -/• CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI C) CI ca ca ca ca 1—7. ^= = . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - to lO ffi-5 CiZ23:::j:.=: a: z. ir z. X ~ - c — ~ zz ^ T.Z-ZX ■ tjo = : ^ .^ ■i 1 .2 cS o '."ti (4 t-? — b r~ > -o o ~ " " ~ * -=1 O c J i c o 5 CQ >^ •-} U m 170 EXPEIilMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Indiax Corn as grown in Hills and Drills. Yield and AYeiglat of Nutrients per Acre. Variety. Hills or Drills. Date of Sowinp Date of Collection. Weight of Crop. i Lbs. i Lbs. Selected Learning. Drills . Hills... Drills . Hills... ?.Iamiii;>tli Cuban Li ingfellow . . . Canada White San ford Drills Hills. Drills Hills . Drills Hills. I Drills . .! Hills.., Drills . . Hills... Drills . . Hills... Drills . . Hills... Drills . , Hills... Drills . Hills... Drills . Hills... May28, 1901 Sept. 21, " " i " ' May 27, 1902 Sept. 24, May 27, 1003 Sept. 24, :N[ay 28, 1901 Sept. 21, May 27, 1'.'02 Sept. 24, May 27, 1903 Sept, 24, May 28, 1901 Sept. 21, ,, „ I „ May27, 1902 Sept. 24, May 27, 1903; Sept. 24, iMay 28, 1901 'Sept. 21, iMay27, 1902|Sept. 24, May 27, 1903 'Sept. 24, '01)22 800 0223 1,300 9,97018; 3.005 8,41128 2,235 9,257ir>8 17 980: 5,54821 '03 17 l,97o' 6,80018 2,70G 1,034 1.550 10 lO; 5,990|29 1,.501 "01 19 940 8,830; 8; 3,131 , j20 140 10,300, 5j 3,832' "02 22 1,320] 9,517i32 2,869 , jl7 1,640! G,9S6 29| 1,996 'Os'ig 1,000, 8,28030 1,814 , |19 775 7,59243' 1,888 '01115 300 Lbs. 5,900 5,150 4,93; 2,87; 4,453 3,453 4,864 5,328 5,216 3,934 Protein. O 1^ 563 541 590, 570 856 657 567 409 400, 417 467 i 413 I 405j 393 574 547 793i 671 592 438 22' 484 14; 403 199, 090 98; 451 I 43 320 54' 346 12 428 27 j 621 122 007 104; 435 5,575 479 410 63, 376 4,001 605' 500 105: 465 , 20 40 '02122 1,320 , |17 1,040 8,021 55: 2,999 8,24836| 2,527 9,43218 2,-583 6,95729 1,967 "03 15 1,240 6.214 25: 1,190 „ 14V,260 G,045lGlj 1,361 '01118 1,840; 7,946,49: 2.210 M !17 100 S,200! 3 2,824 "02 17 700| 0,80914' 1,800 „ il8 1,400 6,80330; 1,709 '0315 l,570l 5,63.016; 1.133 „ 13 1.500 4,20825! 891 4,074 4,620 5,177 3,771 4,246 3,800 513 486 625 585 271 aso 40! 440 879 6891 190; 775 677 506 171j 513 475! 409 66 278 533; 4.59 4,578 674 617 4,372 576' 549 3,990 4,084 74 290 435 491 528 431 97 417 600 471 135 434 3,805, 376 357 2,0951 ■'o{efore. so that now it occupies an important position among the succulent forage crops.* Its use, so far, has been in the fresh condition, being consumed either on the field by the stock (sheep, swine and steers), or cut and used as a soiling crop. On account of its leaves crumbling to powder on drying, rape cannot be cured as hay, and by reason of its large percentage of water, it was considered unsuitable for ensiling. This latter, however, has been disproved by the experiments of Mr. Grisdale, the Agriculturist, who during the past season made ensilage solely of rape and also a mixture of coni and rape, both being found at the end of six months sound and very palatable to cattle. These ensilages were used in a feeding experiment by the Agriculturist, and the rcsuhs obtained will be found in his report for the current year. To supplement these results and to learn what changes might take place by the ensiling of the rape, certain analyses have been made. These analyses, further, allow us to compare the composition of fresh rape, rape ensilage, and an ensilage composed of half rape and half corn. Eape. Eape Ensilage and Eape and Corn Ensilage. (Ee.-ults on the frtsh material.) Constituents Water Crude protein Fat Carbo-hydrates. . Fibre Ash Nitrogenous compounds (crude protein) Albuminoids Non-albuminoids Rape as put in the silo, Oct. 6, 1903. P.O. 80 05 1 91 016 8 n 2 33 l-4t 130 001 Rape Ensilage, Mar. 18, 04 I Rape and Cfrn Ensil- age, h Rape, ^ Corn, Mar. IS, '(J4. p.c. 7S • 19 2-67 0 84 12-93 200 1 ,36 1-31 P.O. 79 -or, 2 18 0-37 10-40 5-29 2 10 1 04 1 14 First, comparing rape with rape ensilage, we notice that ensiling the crop has resulted in a large loss of water, increasing the percentage of total dry matter from 10'93 to 21'81. Weight for weight, then, we should expect the rape ensilage to have a considerably higher feeding value. This, of course, is not to be interpreted as mean- ing that the rape increases in value in the silo, that a given weight of green rape gives an equal weight of ensilage with an increased percentage of dry matter, for such is not the case. The fermentation that ensues in the silo necessarily means loss in cer- tain of the nutrients (especially the carbo-hydrates) ; this is true of all ensiled crops. But comparing equal weights of green rape and rape ensilage, the latter is the much more valuable. This will be further apparent by continuing the comparison of the two analyses. In crude protein the ensilage is considerably the richer. This gain, *For an accoun in report of this Div information respectin t of the food value of this crop, see the article, 'The Chemistry of Rape," 3ivision for 1000. Bulletin No. 42 (Experimental Farm Series) furnishes its culture and use. 172 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 however, is more apparent than real, for by refeiieuce to the percentage of albuminoids — the part of the crude protein which has by far the greater feeding value — it is seen that it is practically identical with that of the rape. From this fact we may infer that in muscle-forming constituents the rtxpe and its ensilage are of about the same value. In carbo-hydrates (starch, &c.) — heat-producing constituents— the ensilage con- tains about one-third more, and it is in this, principally, that the greater feeding value of the en.-ilage lies. The fibre is almost the same in both. In fat the ensilage is higher, making it the more valuable. Lastly, as regards ash or mineral matter, the percentage in the ensilage is almost three times that in the fresh material. This does not arise, of course, from any creation of ash, but from the disappearance through decomposition of the organic constituents, leaving a higher percentage of the mineral matter. The comparison of the raj^^e ensilage with the rape and corn ensilage makes clear, from the chemical standpoint, the superiority of the former. In all the more valuable nutrients the rape ensilage is the richer; in fibre — the constituent of least value — the presence of the corn increases the amount in the mixed ensilage. The average composition of corn ensilage may now be given for the purpose of comparison with the foregoing analysis of the rape and mixed ensilage. Analysis of Corn Ensilage. Water V9"l Ciaide protein 1*7 Pat '8 Carbo-hydrates ll'O Fibre 6'0 Ash 1'4 lOO'OO The corn ensilage, it is evident, is less valuable than either rape ensilage or that from rape and corn, in that it contains less crude protein. The difference is, of course, more marked between the rape ensilage and corn ensilage than between that of the mixed crops and the ensiled corn, but the difference is one of degree rather than of kind — the addition of corn increases proportionately the percentage of fibre while reducing that of the crude i^rotein in the product. To sum tip these consideration.s, there seems no doubt but that in both the rape and mixed ensilages we have a succu- lent feed of a more nutritious character than in an ensilage from corn alone, and this chiefly by reason of the nitrogenous character of rape and its low fibre content. A consideration of the data calculated on a water-free basis, in other words, of the composition of the dry matter of the several materials, throws some light upon the nature and direction of the changes that take place on ensiling the rape. Kape, Eape Ensilage, Eape and Com Ensilage. (Eesults on the water -free substance.) Constituents. Crnile protein F.it Carbo-hydrates Fibre Ash Nitrogenous couipounds- Albuminoids Non-albuminoids Rape as put m the silo. Rape Ensilage. Rajie and Corn Ensil- age, i Rape i Corn. p.c. p.c. p.c. 13 •72 12-25 10 75 114 3-86 1-84 .')S14 49-27 51-05 10 70 19 18 20-02 10 30 15-44 10 34 9 -.3.5 6-22 5 10 4-37 6 03 5-65 REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The increase in the nou-alhamiuoids and the concomitant decrease in the albu- minoids that has followed upon ensiling the rape marks the most important change in the composition of the dry matter of the rape. This in conjunction with the destruc- tion of a part of the carbo-hydrates necessarily increases the percentages of the fibre and ash. The changes are such as might have been expected and indicate a certain deterioration in the silo of the dry matter of the rape. ROOTS. Five years ago (1900) we began the study, from the chemical standpoint, of the relative feeding values of the more important farm roots. This worlc has been con- tinued every season since that time. It has been instrumental in showing that as regards the percentages of dry matter and sugar, the two chief nutrients in determin- ing the feeding value of roots, considerable differences may, and frequently do, exist between mangels, carrots, turnips, &c. ; and, further, that between -varieties of the same class similar differences may often be found. Of course, no two roots from the same seed and growing side by side are exactly alike in composition, but in this research a sufficieut ntimber of roots has been taken to practically eliminate the factors of size and individualism. It may also be remarked that in the endeavour to arrive at a knowledge of the various factors influencing the composition of these roots, the soil factor has, as far as possible, been also eliminated by growing the roots under experiment on gTound of a very uniform character. The relative richness of the soil need not, therefore, be taken into account when comparing the roots of the same sea- son with one another. Influence of Inherited QuaUties. — Differences of a well marked, and, to a certain! degree, constant character undoubtedly exist between the varieties of a class. Thus, for instance, in mangels, for five years in succession, with varying seasonal and soil conditions, the ' Gate Post ' has invariably proved itself richer in dry matter and sugar than the Giant Yellow Globe. We must conclude that such differences are due to inherited qualities. Dry ]\ratter and Sugar in Gate Post and Giaiit Yellow Globe Itangels. 19( . s J )0. c = •- te • to 3 CZ2 1901. C 1 4) P i '^. 19 Sugar in Juice, 1903. t j _J P 1 ^ 19 I-- o Is P D4. •r- ^j AVER.4 5Yi 1900 S P GE OF .ARS, (-04. Gate Post p.c. 11 14 819 p.c. G15 2-64 p.c. i p.c. 9-4li 4-15 9-10! 4-08 p.c. 13-90 10-24 p.c. 9-39 5-24 P.O. 12-93 10 89 p.c 7-38 p.c, 12-64 p.c. 7-62 p.c. p.c. 1200 fi-9i Giant Yellow Globe, . . G17 9-24 5-26 9-53 468 These results show that the ' breed ' factor is an important one. They open up a most interesting field for work in the improvement of roots — one which undoubtedly offers an opportunity for obtaining results of practical value to the farmer. Tlie Vilmorins of Paris have already' achieved a marked success in this research in the production of the so-called ' Sugar Mangels,' a cross between the sugar beet and tlwl mangel. This root is far superior in feeding qualities to the ordinary mangels, and at the same time gives a very satisfactory tonnage to the acre. Influence of Scas&n. — The above table, further, uvaj serve to illustrate the effect of the season upon the composition of the root. It would not be altogether correct 174 EXPE RIMES TAL FA HM i? 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 to asci'ibc tlie differences observable from year to year, entirely to climatic causes, but there can be no doubt that the percentage of sugar (the most valu- able nutrient) is particularly influenced by the character of the season. It) would seem from our observations that heavy rains and low temperatures in the late summer months had an injurious effect upon the sugar content of the root. From investigation with sugar beets it seems evident that ideal climatic conditions for sugar production include a comparatively low mean summer temperature, certainly not higher than 70° F., an evenly distributed but not excessive rainfall during May, -Tune, July and August, and warm and moderately dry weather during September and October. Analysis of Roots, C E. F., Ottawa, 190f. Variety. Mangels- Half Loiij» Sugar Rosj' Giant Sugar Mangel Half Long Sugar White . . (4iant Sugar White (Jiant Sugar Rosy Crate Post Yellow Gate Post Pted Giant Yellow Globe IMammoth Long Red Giant Yellow Intermediatt Carrots — Guerande or Oxheart Improved Short White . . . . Half Long Chantenay Turnips — Se'ect^'d Purple Top Good Luck Swede. Xew Century Skirvings Sugar Beets Wanzleben Seeds Purchased from. Water. Drv Matter. Sugar in Juice. Vilmoi-in, Paris, France. . Rennie, Toronto Vilmorin, Paris, France, (iraliarn Bros., Ottawa . . Rennie, Toronto Bruce & Co., Hamilton . Rennie, Toronto , Steele, Briggs & Co., Toronto E'.ving & Co., Montreal i Steele, Briggs & Co., Toronto; Grahaii Bros., Ottawa Kenneth McDonald, Ottawa.! Berlin Sugar Works. p.c. SG-52 86 08 89-20 88- 94 87 -90 87-36 88-53 90-76 87-45 90-36 89-47 89-59 88-94 89-17 89-33 88-08 88-14 77-88 p.c. 13-48 13-92 10-80 11 06 12 10 12-64 11 47 9-24 12-55 9 64 10-53 10-41 11 06 10-83 10-67 11-92 11-86 22 12 Average Weight of one Root. 8 70 , 9 18 5 45 5 06 / 00 ^ 62 6 56 5 26 6 65 4 75 3 44 3 00 3 63 2 73 i 11 2 51 2 11 15 40 Lbs. Ozs. 15 14 7 13 G 14 13 10 5 6 6 2 11 4 11 1 Mangels. — Ten varieties of mangels were examined. The lowest percentage of dry matter was 0'24-; the highest, 13.92; the difference is 4:*68 per cent, or practically So per cent of the total dry matter. In sugar, the percentages vary from 4*75 to 9'18, or a difference of 4:"43 per cent, equivalent to 49 per cent of the total sugar. The ' Sugar !Mangels,' the first six given in the table, as in past years, are char- acterized (with one exception) by an excellent dry matter and sugar content. These arc followed by the variety known as Gate Post, including the Mammoth Long Eed which is probably the same mangel under anoth.er name. The Giant Yellow Globe and Giant Yellow Intermediate close the list with less dry matter, though showing a very fair proportion of sugar. Carrols. — The Ox-heart and Improved Short White have given results practically identical as regards dry matter, and very close as regards sugar. The Half Long Chantenay is somewhat richer than these in both respects. It will be observed that, taken as a class, carrots do not furnish the same amount of dry matter a- mangels, and fall considerably below the latter in respect to sugar content. Turnips and Swedes. — Four varieties were analysed. Of these, the Kew Century stands highest, both in respect to dry matter and sugar, closely followed by Skirvings. REPORT OF THE CHEJillST 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The Good Luck Swede, thougL practically equal to tlie Selected Purple Top in dry matter, possesses a very much lower proportion of sugar. Though comparing verj' fayourably as a class with carrots in dry matter, they are not quite so rich in sugar. Sugar Beets. — An example of the Klein Wanzlehen, grown for feeding purposes, is added in order to show the vast differences in composition that exist between sugar beets and the ordinary field roots LIXSEED OR OIL CAKE. A sample of oil cake, manufactured by the Canada Linseed Oil Mills, Montreal, and sold as the 'Maple Leaf brand, has been submitted to analysis. It is stated as being made by the ' old process ' — hydraulic method. The following data were obtained : — An((hisis. Per cent. Moisture 11*29 Protein ,']2'00 Pat or oil G"38 Carbo-hydrate^ ,"6'81 Fibre 8*25 Ash 5'2T lOO'OO Oil cake is widely recognized as a ' concentrate ' of great value, both from its high protein content and its large percentage of oil. It is, therefore, unnecessary to say more than that the above figures are in close accord with those obtained in the Farm Laboratories from samples of unadulterated, good quality ' old process ' linseed cake. GLUTEX FEED. The various by-products of the corn starch factory have been discussed in con- siderable detail in former publications and their relative feeding values pointed out. At first tliese products were sold separately, and inspection only was needed to determine, approximately, the nature and value of the material offered for sale. This is scarcely possible now, for all the by-products (with the exception of the germ) are mixed together and sold as Gluten Peed. This should not be confounded with Gluten Meal, which was formerly upon the market and contained about 35 per cent protein and from S to 11 per cent fat. It is stated that Gluten Peed is by some being sold as Gluten Meal ; this, of coui-se, is distinctly fraudulent. Gluten Meal has, we believe, entirely disappeared from the market, but whether such be the case or not, it is desir- able that farmers should know that Gluten Peed is the product now offered them, and that it will contain 10 to 13 per cent less protein and G to 8 per cent less fat than the Gluten Meal they were accustomed to iise.-' Thus, we may place side by side analysis made of Gluten Meal two years ago and of Gluten Peed received a few weeks ago, both being from the Edwardsburg Starch Co. : *Since wriliug the above, and just as this report is going to preis. we have received a letter from the Edwardsburg Starch Co. stating that they have a true ' Gluten Meal ' upon the market. 176 ElfERIMKyiAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1S05 Gluten Meal. Gluten Feed. Per cent. Per cent. Moisture 5"25 3*68 Protein 30";3S 23*00 Fat or oil ll'n,5 2"S3 Carbo-hydrates 43'S3 e3"T9 Fibre I'^A 5*75 Ash l'.J5 '95 lOO'OO 100*00 The dili'erence between these two in feeding value is at once apparent. The Gluten Meal was sold at $25 to $30 per ton, and the price of the Gluten Feed this year was about $22 per ton. We have no hesitation in saying that the Gluten Meal was riuch the better value at these prices. -COTTOX-SEED MEAL. This feeding stuff is used largelj- in the maritime provinces and, as we have pointed out in several of our past reports, great differences in feeding value exist between the brands found upon the market. We have, further, found that the prices are not in accordance witli the quality, so that frequently of two meals offered the price of the inferior brand may be only a few dollars, or even, a fraction of a dollar per ton less than that of a brand worth, from the feeding standpoint, one-third more. It is for these reasons that we have repeatedly urged that sucli products be sold under a guarantee stating the amount of protein and fat present. (See page 14-3,. Report of Experimental Farms, 1903.) Until such time that farmers are so protected it has been thought desirable to submit to analysis such sarnples as might be for- \varded. Among these many have proved of excellent quality, with the proportion* of protein and oil found in genuine meals. On the other hand, not a few sampler have been shown to be of inferior quality. Thus, genuine grades should contain from 42 to 44 per cent protein, and from 9 to 11 per cent oil, and data have been obtained recently from samples received showing a protein content ranging from 19 to 35 per cent, and from 5 to 7'5 per cent of oil. With respect to the genuine cotton-seed meals, it is evident from our work that the methods now employed extract more of the oil than was the custom, and thus, while reducing the oil-content, tend to increase the percentage of protein. An analysis is absolutely necessary to determine the percentages of protein and fat (the constituents of greatest importance from the feeding standpoint) a meal may contain, but it will be of assistance to farmers to know that genuine meals are of a bright yellow colour, while inferior grades are much darker and show on closer inspec- tion many fragments of hull intermixed with the finer meal. UVECO AND FLAJCERIXE. These are * cooked ' foods, manufactured by the Uveco Cereals Co., Ltd., Newport, Monmouthshire. Quantities of each were received for trial, the Uveco being in- tended for cattle, the Flakerine for poultry. In appearance they are not at all dis- similar (though witli a little practice they can be distinguished), and give the impres- sion that they consist largely, if not solely, of Indian corn which has been steamed or partially cooked, rolled into flakes and dried. They are bright, clean-looking feeds, witli a pleasant, slightly sweetish taste. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 177 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Analysis. Uveco. Per cent. Moisture 9'T5 Protein S'94 Fat 3'yj Carlx)-hydrates 74.02 Fibre 1"4S Ash r:32 Flakerine. ♦Cornmeal, Per cent. Per cent. IFoO 15"0 12-43 9*2 i>-:37 :j'8 09"T1 G8'7 '2'22 1*9 FTT r4 lOO'OO lOO'OO lOO'OO Aqueous extract : • Total solids, soluble in cold water 4*76 S'lG Containing- dextrine 4'51 0"13 It will be observed that both Uveco and Flakerine contain somewhat less water than com meal and this, of course, is in their favour. Uveco is considerably the drier of the two. In protein and fat, the two most valuable nutrients, Uveco (notwithstanding its higher percentage of dry matter) is practically identical with corn meal, and the same may almost be said with regard to the amounts of fibre and ash present. The only difference of moment, therefore, between Uveco and Indian corn meal apjpears to be thid the former contains a larger percentage of carbo-hydrates (starch, &c.), a pare cf which by the cooking process has been converted into dextrin, which, unlike starch, is soluble in cold water. Flakerine is considerably richer in protein than Uveco, though poorer in fat. Its percenta-ge of carbo-hydrate is very close to that of Indian corn meal, but a greater proportion has been made soluble by cooking- than in the case of Uveco, as evidenced by the larger percentages of extractive matter and dextrin. "While admitting the great palatability of these foods, it is very doubtful if their real feeding value, so far as most classes of stock are concerned, has been enhanced by the cooking process. Many experiments have been made to ascertain the effect '> -50 Moi^liire. — Meat meals by reason of their high nitrogen content are. if at all moist, very susceptible to change of a deleterious character, to become tainted and in- fested with mites, &e. The drier a meal is the better it will keep. It' is advisable for ])oultrymen to examine critically any meat meal they may be purchasing; it should bo sound and dry. Examination with a pocket lens is necessary to detect insect life, which, if present, indicates a certain degree of decay. With tiie exception of one of the samples of Beef Scrap Xo. 1, all are excellent as regards moisture-content. The sample referred to, it is only right to say, was not obtaine.l directly from the raaniifacturer and may have absorl>ed moisture through undue exposure- Protein. — This is the most important of the nutrients, and provided the meal is sound and the soureme of the protein wholesome and digestible, the value of a meal should be very largely regulated by the percentage present. * Remarks on the general principles of Poultry feeding and the relative values of dif- ferent foods and rations, may be found on page 218, 213, Experimental Farms Reports, 1902. REPORT 01- THE CHEMIST 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Owing to the difficulties iu manufacturing a pvcxluet of this cliaractcr that shaii not vary in composition, it becomes necessary in considering analyses of the same to overlook small differences. Further, the mechanical condition of these meals makes it an exceedingly hard matter to sample accurately — and irregularities of sampliug, of course, become apparent in the subsequent analysis. We may, however, safely divide the meals examined into three classes, according to their protein content. Class I — 50 pr cent to 55 per cent Protein — -Beef Scrap ISTo. 1, Cyphers. Darling Beef Scrap. Class II. — io per cent to 50 per cent — Superior Meat Meal, Freeman. Class III. — 35 per cent to 40 per cent — Beef Scrap Xo. 2, Cyphers. ]Morgan's "Meat Meal. Fut. — This is also a valuable constituent, serving alike as a source of fat in the body and for the production of animal heat, but a large percentage is not desirable in poultry meat meals. In the brands analysed, this nutrient varies from 11 to 22 per cent. In comparing these meals, using the tabulated data, we would impress upon the reader tliat it is not desirable to have protein replaced by fat ; in other words, a high protein content with a moderate percentage of fat will give better results than a meal contain- ing a minimum! of protein and a large percentage of fat. Ash. — The two last columns of the table allow us to form some opinion of the amount of bone present. The proportion of this material undoubtedly affects the value of the meal when used for laying stock. We may, for our present purpose, consider bone to consist of, approximately: Organic matter (nitrogenous and fatty) and moisture, 40 per cent. l\[ineral matter (chiefly phosphate of lime), 60 per cent. On this assumption and, further, supposing that the differences between the data of columns 4 and 5 of the table represent the mineral matter furnished by the bone present, we obtain the following approximate percentages of bones in the various brands : — Beef Scrap Xo. 1, approximately 30 per cent, bone Beef Scrap Xo. 2 " 50 DarliiTg's Beef Scrap '' 35 Superior Meat ^feal '• 50 " --:\rorgan's Meat Meal " ? '' The very small percentages of 'insoluble ash' make it very plain that in no in- stance was sand present, either intentionally or by accident- >[U.LIXG PRODUCTS FROM PF.ASE, OATS AND BARLEY. Attention has repeatedly been called to the desirability of some official system of inspection and analysis of concentrated feeding stuffs as sold in Canada and wliich will, further, necessitate the manufacturer or vendor of these producis to attach to each bag or consignment a tag bearing a guarantee of the amounts of protein and fat contained by the feed. Such a plan has long been in force with regard to the essential elements of plant food in fertilizers and the ever increasing number of milling by- products now in the market makes it equally important that a similar method be adopted for them. This matter was discussed at some length in our report for 1903, **This brand effervesces strongly on the addition of acid, showing the presence of a carbonate. It is the only one of the number analysed that' so reacted. By reason of thTs carbonate (probably carbonate of lime) the method here employed for estimating the amount of bone present cannot be applied. 16— 12i 180 EXPinu Mi:y ta l fa nm s 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 19D5 an«l is only here again brought forward for the reason that recent analyses have fur- nished an excellent illustration of the force of this contention. In the early part of the present year a quantity of several such materials was bought from a miller in western Ontario for use in feeding experiments at the Ex- l>erimental Farm, Ottawa. These on arrival were sampled and analysed and the re- sults are to be found in the subjoined table. Together with the analytical data, the name under which the product was bought, and the price paid are stated : Pea meal, ground pea chips (•$25 per ton PeA dust li22 per ton) Ground pea bran ($14 per ton) Barley feed ($14 per ton) Meal seeds ($12 per ton) Oat dust ($5 per ton) Water. p.c. ,S02 8-37 8 01 8-57 5 67 4-81 Protein. p.c. 25-91 26 16 28-53 12 12 7-09 9-59 Fat. Carbo- hj-drates p.c. 219 2-77 2 89 4-34 3-83 3-77 p.c. 61 19 48 70 48-44 59-00 6005 52-13 Fibre. p.c. •20 10-28 8-11 10 87 19 17 24-60 Ash P c. 2 49 3-72 4 02 5 10 4-19 5 10 It is quite unnecessary to enter into any detailed discussion of these results in order to make good the point under consideration. A casual review of them with re- ferences to the percentages of protein and fat will be sufficient to assure the reader that in most instances the food values and the prices of these feeds are not in accord. Thus, the Ground Pea Bran at $14 per ton contains more protein than the Pea Meal which is quoted at $25 per ton. Again, the " Meal Seeds ' at $12 per ton is poorer in pro- tein than the Oat Dust at $5 per ton. Similar differences are observable between many of the other feeds, and throughout the whole series there is no direct relation- ship between prices and feeding value. We do not wieh it to be inferred that any fraud was intended by this manufacturer; these discrepancies between price and value arc, without doubt, the result of ignorance on the part of the manufacturer as to the nature of what he is selling, but they serve, as we have said, to illustrate ad- mirably the desirability of official analysis and the selling of these products with a statement as to their composition attached* RATSIXS. At the request of the Poultry Divi-^ion, Department of Agriculture, we submitted to analysis a sample of spoiled raisins, the object being to ascertain if they were of any value as a poultry food. A comparatively large quantity could be purcha.?ed at a very low rate (our correspondent writes) and it is interesting to know how they com- pare with grain (oats or wheat) at the same price — say 1 cent per pound. Analysis. Per cent. Moisture 7*86 Crude protein . . 5*19 Fat 3*39 Carbo-hydrates T2'44 Fibre 6*71 Ash 441 100*00 This could not be regarded as of any considerable value cither for egg or llesh production as the crude protein is very low — not quite half that present in oats or REPORT OF THE CUEML^T 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 wheat, for instanoc. Xo doubt a considerable part of the carbo-hydrates is glucose or grape sugar, the function of which in the animal economy is the production of heat and energy, and to some extent, the formation of fat. We do not, however, tjliink that this would prove a satisfactory poultry food even at 1 cent per pound. GROUXD SEEDS. A sample under the above name was received from Joseph C. King & Co., Port Arthur, Ont. It was in the form of a fine meal, and results, we presume, from the grin.l- ing together of the weed seeds, screenings, &c., from cleaning grain. An all/sis. Per cent. Moisture 8'14 Protein 15"12 Fat S'TT Carbo-hydrate.s 49'12 Pibre 13'15 Ash 5'2S 100*00 Compare*! with bran, this product contains about an equal amount of protein and about 3 per cent more fat. It is, however, about 3 per cent higher in fibre. Provided this feed is found to be palatable, no objection can be urged to its use. The fineness to which it is ground precludes the possibility of any dissemination of weeds over the farm in the resulting manure. HERBAGEUif. At the request of several corresijondents, an analysis of this well advertised eon- dimeutal food has been made. It is manufactured hj the Beaver Manufacturing Co., Gait, Ont., and its use is stated to ' ensure true economy in the production of milk, flesh, butter, cheese, poultry and eggs.' Analysts. Per cent. Moisture G'TO Protein 22*94 Pat G*98 ■^Carbo-hydrates 40*01 Pibre T*8G ■■"Ash 14*91 100*00 Microscopic examination shows it to consist largely of linseed meal and briin or some other wheat refuse. It also contains, in addition to the salt and sugar stated fibove, fenugreek and charcoal. Its price, 4 lbs., 60c., 100 lbs., $12, precludes its consideration as a feeding stuff — and in this connection it may be pointed out that its value as such cannot be equal to* oil cake meal. "We must, therefore, look upon it largely as a tonic or condiment and suppose that the high price for which it is sold is placed upon it for its (alleged) jnedicinal properties. But viewed either as a food or medicine, or both, it is altogether •Including sugar, 2'22 per cent. ** Including salt, 10-17 per cent. 182 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VI U, A. 1905 too clear. All its constituents are of a cheap character and. the mixture, if desired, could be made at a very much lower figure. Without denying that such condimental foods may be useful at time^, the con- tinuous or general employment of them, as is so frequently practiced, is quite unne- cessary and uneconomical. Animals that are in good health and thrifty do no better from the addition of such ' tonics ' to their ration — this is the conclusion reached by careful experiment — and it becomes a question whether it would not be far cheaper and better to treat stock that are out of condition as their ailments require. SUGAE BEETS, FOR FACTORY PURPOSES. Examples of roots from the three best varieties of sugar beets, Vilmorin's Improved. Klein Wanzleben, and Tres Riche (French 'Very Rich'), as grown on the Experi- mental Farms during the last season, have been analysed. Sugar Beets grown on the Dominion Experimental Farms, 1901. Variety. Locality. Percentage of Sugar in Juice. Percentage of Solids in Juice. Co-efficient of Purity. Average Weight of one Root. Vilmorin's Improved II ti Klein Wanzleben. n 1.3-59 16-;.9 16-66 14 87 7 03 13-83 16-92 16-65 15-96 13-82 17-24 16-56 14-89 8-17 20 04 18-50 20-40 1800 12-13 18-03 19 34 20-50 19-50 18-89 20 01 19-68 18 03 13 13 77 8 90-2 81-7 82-6 57-9 76-7 87-5 81-2 81-8 73-2 85-7 841 82-6 62-2 Lbs. Oz. 1 4 Ottawa, Ont Brandon, Man 14 1 3 Indian Head, N.W.T. . . Agassiz, B.C Xappan, N.S 1 -^ 1 2 1 10 Ottawa, Ont 14 Brandon, Man 1 Ti French ' Very Rich ' Indian Head, N.W.T. . . Xaofian, N.S Otiawa, Ont 1 2 1 5 1 5 1 8 11 II Indian Head, N.W.T... Agassiz, B.C 1 4 1 '' Sugar Beets grown on the Experimental Farms, 1904 — Particulars of Growth. D.\TE. Locality. Pulling. Distance Betweex. Rows. Plants in Rows. Experimental Farm— I Xappan, N^.S ■ May 30.. Ottawa, Ont.. . Brandon, Man. Indian Head , N. W. T. . ' May 27 . . Agassiz, B.C I April 25. . Oct. 12. Sept. 24. Oct. 6.. I. 24.. Ft. In. 2 0 In. 12 12 Reuiarks. Light clay loam, manured at rate of 25 one-horse cart loads per acre. Rich black sandy loam, manured three years ago with barn-yard manure at the rate of 10 loads to the acre Clay loam, 10 loads rotted manure to the acre. KEPOUT OF THE CHEMIST 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Kova Scotia, Xappan. — The beets of this farm are perceptibly of lower quality than those of last year. This is noticeable in the sugar content, but more particularly so in purity. The average percentage of sugar in the three varieties tested, for 1903, ■was 15'33, with a co-eiBcient of purity of 81*3; for the present season, the averages lire 11'41 and T5'S, respectively. It will be observed that as regards both sugar content and purity, Vihnorin's Im- proved is the best. Klein "Wanzleben and Tres Eiche give results practically identical and are somewhat less valuable for factory purposes. Ontario, O/ifljt'Of.— Both as regards sugar content and purity, the results are con- siderably in advance of those of 1903, .due, undoubtedly, to the more favourable character of the past season. They indicate a beet in all respects eminently suitable for sugar extraction. The following data will allow a comparison of these varieties for the past three years: as grown on the Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Sugar iu Juice, Co-efficieut of Purity, per cent. Yilmorin's Improved — 1902 IT'26 srO 1903 15"G1 92*0 1901 1G"59 90'2 Klein Wanzleben — 1902 IT'Sl: dVo 1903 15'12 86'9 1901 16"91 87*5 Tres RIche (Prench 'Very Eich')— 1902 1.3'81 SO'l 1903 Xot grown. 1901 - 1T'21 857 The results not only indicate the high character of these varieties for factory purposes, but furnish an excellent illustration of the effect of the season upon the sugar content of the beet. In 1903, it will be noticed, there Avas a considerable falling off in the percentage of sugar, compared with the results of 1902 and 1901. This was due, no doubt, to the exceptional climatic conditions that prevailed that season (1903), a protracted drought in the spring followed by heavy and continuous rains in the autumn. These rains induced a second growth of the root at a time when the storiuij up of sugar more particularly takes place and for which, if the sugar content is to be satisfactory, warm, dry weather is essential. Manllolja, Brandon. — For several years past sugar beets from Manitoba, as grown at Erandon and in the neighbourhood of Winnipeg, have been analysed, but we have never before been able to report — save in what might be called one or two exceptional eases — very favourably. Thus in 1903, Yilmorin's Improved gave only 11*3G per cent sugar in juice and T3'7 co-efficient of purity. Eeference to the foregoing table, how- ever, sho-\\s the beets as grown on the Experimental Farm, Brandon, this year to be of excellent quality. Mr. Bedford, the superintendent, on being informed of the results, v. rites: 'I was not aware that the season had been particularly favourable to a high sugar content, but nearly all field roots with us have given above an average yield.' Korth-west Territories, Indian Head. — In all three varieties a very satisfactory sugar content was obtained. The percentages of sugar are slightly lower than those for 1903, but are sufficiently high for factory purposes. British Colunibia, Agassiz. — The two varieties received this year from the Expert mental Farm at Agassiz, Yilmorin's Improved and Tres Eiche, were very poor in 184 EX PERI M EX 1 A L FA R M S 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 sugar content, with a corresponding low co-efficient of purity. In 1903, excellent beeto were grown here, showing a very satisfactory sugar content. Mr. Sharpe reports ' a very poor season (1904) for mangels, carrots, and sugar beets,' so we must suppose the present unsatisfactory results liave been due to specially unfavourable climati; conditions. CHEMISTKY OF THE SUGAE BEET. Within the last few years, as is well known, there has been a revival in certain centres in the Dominion of the beet sugar industry, and factories are now in operation at Berlin and Wallaceburg, Ontario, and at Raymond, Alta, X.W.T. The commercial success of the amdertakiug at any point depends very largely on obtaining an adequate supply of beets. It is necessary, if the extraction of the sugar is to be profitable and the return to the farmer a lucrative one, not only that the beets be up to a certain standard of richness and purity, but also that the tonnage available, in other words, the acreage be sufficiently large. According to the size of the ' plant ' or factory so will the tonnage be necessary for its profitable operation, but we may safely assume that not less than 30,000 tons will be required for a modern factory — one Ontario factory stated 40,000 tons as a minimum, and another, 50,000 tons. If we allow a yield of 10 tons per acre (the average over large areas is somewhat less), the area under beets, within reasonable distance of a factory necessary to satisfactorily supply its requirements, will be from 3,000 to 5,000 acres. These considerations and the further fact that on some part of the farm the crop must be grown annually (or otherwise there will be a shortage of beets for the factory) , have led to many inquiries as to the effect of the sugar beet on the soil, i.e., as regards the exhaustion of the more esential elements of plant food. To answer these inquiries we have submitted to analysis beets — roots, collars or crowns and leaves, separately — at three stage of growth, determining, among other constituents, the percentages of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, and lime present. The variety selected was Klein AYanzleben and the collections were made on July 29, September 8, and October 19. The soil of the plot (Experimental Farm, Ottawa) was a fairly rich, warm, well drained sandy loam. Immediately on taking the samples the beets were cleaned and the proportions (by weight) of the leaves, collars, and dressed roots (as ready for the factory) determined. Proportion of Leaves, Collars and Roots in Sugar Beets. Date of Collections. First collection, July 29. Second u Sept. 8. Third .. Oct. 19. Collars or Crowns. G-4 12-7 11-4 Roots 40-9 50-S The proportion of the dressed root had increased from 25*3 per cent to oO'P, per cent between July 29 and October 19 (practically an increase of 100 per cent), while the relative weight of leaves had decreased from 68 per cent to 37 per cent, or 44*0 per cent. The proportion of crowns or collars, the part from which the leaves spring and which with the leaves is left on the ground when dressing the beets for the factory, increased from 6'4 per cent to 12'7 per cent, practically 100 per cent, between the dates ©f the first and second collection. On October 19, when the last collection was made the proportion of collar was somewhat less, viz., 11*4 per cent. REPORT OF Tin: CUIJ.UIST 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The composition of the leaves, collavs and roots as regards water, organic matter, and ash, on the several dates of collection, is shown hy tlie follnwing data : — AxALTSis of Sufrai- Beets. Leavks. CoLL.MW OR Crowns. Roo-rs. ^-^-;S^i^ Ash. Water. Organic Matter. Ash. 1-20 1-46 1-28 Water. 86-38 82-12 80-70 Organic Matter. 12-71 16-97 18-50 Ash. First collection, Julj' 29 Second .. Sept. S Third „ Oct. 19 92-16 89^16 87^58 5-96 874 10 10 1-88 210 2-32 84-21 80-95 79-50 14 59 17-59 19 2-: -91 •91 •SO Leaves. — These show a general and continuous increase in organic matter and ash constituents throughout the growing period. Compared, weight for weight, with the collars and dressed roots, the leaves are considerably lower in organic matter, but decidedly higher in ash. This is true at all three periods of growth at which the examination was made. Collars or Crowns. — These also show a continuous increase in organic matter, though the increase is not so marked as in the leaves. On July 29 the percentage of organic matter was almost three times that of the leaves. On the two last dates of collection it was practically twice that of the leaves. Compared with the dressed roots, the collars are invariably the higher (from 1 per cent to 2 per cent) in organic matter. The percentage of ash is intermediate between that of the leaves and that of dres-.- ed roots, but imlike that in the leaves does not uniformly increase. The results seea\ to show a slight increase between July 29 and September 8, but a decline from that date till October 11. practically to the percentage present on July 29. Jloofs. — As regards organic matter, we find a marked increase throughout the ■whole period. The percentage of ash remained the same from July 29 to September ■'^, and fell off a little from the latter date till October 19. FERTILIZIXG C0XSTITUEXT5 IN' THE BEET. Proceeding to a discussion of the essential elements of fertility present in the Toots, collars and leaves, respectively, we may first consider briefly the data ol' the following table, which gives the i^ercentages of phosphoric acid, potash, lime and nitrogen, in the fresh material :— Fertilizing Constituents in Sugar Beets (in fresh material). Leaves. CoLt..\RS OR Crowns. Roots. Dates of Collection. c . r 1 B ■^5 i 1 O o 1 c 1 1 Phosphoric Acid. 1 1 13 Nitrogen. 1 1st collection, Julv 29 051 "563 2nd M Sept. 8' 065 '716 ^rd .. Oct. 19! 110 -823 •129' 231 •184 -249 •211 ^279 •106 •111 •132 i ! •382! 038 1941 -080 •354 -042 -2211 115 •303| -062 •2711 'lOO ) 1 ] •403 •366 •338 •068 •0.S2 •046 •148 •138 •187 186 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Leaves. — As mlglit hare been expected from the already observed continued in- crease in organic matter and ash, the i>ercentages of all these elements increase. Weight for weight, the leaves are very much richer in potash than either the collars or dressed roots, and the percentage of this element, it will he noticed, makes a very marked advance as the season progresses. The same tendency is to be observed in the case of the phosphoric acid and lime and nitrogen. It is thus seen that the older leaves, compared weight for weight, con- tain much more soil-derived plant food than the younger. Collars or Crowns. — -Here we find a slight increase in the percentages of phos- phoric acid and lime, but a failing off in the potash. The percentage of nitrogen shows a notable increase in this part of the beet a3 the plant grows. Boots. — As the season advances, the following changes are to be noted : The phospnoric acid slightly increases; the potash shows a slight, but more apparent de- crease; the nitrogen apparently increases, though the gain is a small one. A review of the foregoing data when calculated on the dry matter (water-free material) reveals certain interesting facts : Fertilizing Constitvients of Sugar Beets : Calculated on Water-free material. Leaves. Collars or Crowns. Roots. D;ites of Collection. .2 o 1 1 a i 2 o ■j: o 1 o IS h3 0) bo o ■§ . J?' 5 Ph a 1 of Colkctloi). l-"iist collection, July 29 S 'cond .1 Sept. 8 Third „ Oct. 19 Leaves. Tons. Lbs. 4 1,3S1 9 1,702 4 872 Collars. Tons. Lbs. 879 2 1,392 2 470 Roots. Tons. 1 8 10 Lbs. l,47iJ 1,3G7 In spite of the large increase in the weight of the dressed roots per acre during the period, September 8 to October 19 (due chiefly to the development of sugar), the total weight of the crop is less on the latter than on the former date. The weights, respectively, are 21 tons, 4G1 lbs. on September 8, and 19 tons, 134 lbs. on October 19. This is explained chiefly by the drying out of the leaves; the loss of the weight of water in this way being greater than the gain in weight of sugar. It may in a small measure be also due to the breaking off and falling away of certain of the more mature leaves. This w'ould not only lessen the weight of crop at this date, but also reduce the amounts of the fertilizing constituents contained in the crop at this period, and thus explain a certain small decrease in weight of potash per acre noticeable between September 8 and October 19. It is of interest to observe that of the total weight of crop at harvesting, if the beets are properly ' topped ' on the field, practically one-half is removed in the dres«cd roots. In the following tabular scheme the data representing the fertilizing constituents in the crop are given, the figures indicating the amounts (per acre) found in the various parts at the three periods of collection : — Fertilizixg Constituents in Beet Crop, Pounds per Acre (Computed). Lka VKS. COLT.Al;S OR CkOWXS. Re vrs. Dates of Collections. .- _o _o s o o c ;3 1 5 1 a3 E k3 1 * 1-^ be C 1st collection, July 29 4-8 52-8 121 21-7 •9 3 3 •3 1-7 30 140 o., 51 2nd M Sept. 8 12-8 141 0 36-2 49-0 6 0 190 2-3 120 20-0 63 6 ,5-6 24 0 3rd .. Oct, 19 16-3 122-4 31-4 41 -5 5-9 13-5 2-8 12-1 21-2 67-6 9-2 37-4 188 EX PER I MES TA L EA h'M S 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 - There is iu tliese results much of interest, but it mny suffice for our present pur- I>ose to call attention to one or two of tlie more important deductions that may be made from them. The largest draught is upon the potash. On July 29, the amount vras TO lbs. per acre, increasing to a total of over 200 lbs. by the time the beets were rt-ady to harvest. The relative amounts of this potash in roots and leaves is also a matter of im- ]X>rtauce. Thus, according to these results, there i.s' at the time of harvesting the iieet practically twice as much potash in the leaves and crowns taken together as in the dres.sed roots. Further, we conclude that at this i)eriod the phosphoric acid in the dressed roots is essentially ei. Potash . . . . Phosphoric acid . Nitrogen Leaves and Crowns. Lbs. 135-9 22-2 53-6 Dressed Roots. Lbs. 67-6 21-2 37-4 Total. Lbs. 203 5 43-4 91 0 It is very evident that if the leaves are carted away and vised as cattle food the restitution of potash and nitrogen to maintain the fertility of the soil must be very much greater than if the crop is ' topped ' on the iield. Another important deduction may be made respecting the period of growth at whicli this plant food is more pai'ticularly absorbed by the beet crop. The figureii from which to obtain this information are as follows : Wkiohts of Fertilizing Constituents per Acre in Beet Crop (Roots, Crowns and Leaves) at various stages of growth. Dates of Collections. Phosphoric Acid. First collection, July 29 Second ■. Sept. 8 Third .. Oct. 19' Lbs 388 43-4 Potash. Lbs. 70-1 213 6 203-5 Lime. Lbs. 14-8 441 43-4 Nitre Lbs. 28-5 850 910 It needs but a glance to show that there is very little appropriation of soil food f.ftcr September 1, though from that date till the middle of October there was a large production of sugar, as made evident by the increase in the weight of dressed roots (1 ton 633 lbs. per acre) and the higher percentage of sugar in them. The percentages of sugar iu the beet at the various periods, were a.s follows : July 29, 8'07 per cent; {September 8, 11"12 per cent ; and on October 19, 14'94 per cent. This early assimila- tion of nourishment from the soil, to my mind, points to the desirability of thorough •From the -weight of potash recorded for this collection being less than that for Sept. Sth, it seems quite probable that all the data for the third collection are somewhat too low — owing, we conjecture, chiefly to the loss of mature leaves, as already explained. REPORT OF THE VHEMIST 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 preparation of the soil, so that by a favourable tilth or mechanical condition of tlu soil and a generous supply of available plant food the young plant may make a rapid growth during the sprmg and early summer months. It is not desirable, as is well known, to ctow a large beet, as that would mean a poor beet for factory purpose:-, but the size shoiild be controlled by the system of sowing rather than by lack of plant food or an unfavourable condition of the soil. The elaboration of sugar — the aim of gro^ving the crop — does not t-ake place to any large extent while the beet is yet yoinig, it occurs rather during the maturation of the plant. For a large production of sugar there must be an abundance of foliage, and this cannot be obtained unless the plant has access to large stores of soil food, both mineral and nitrogenous, during (hat earlier period in the beet's history, when the foliage is more particularly de- veloped. THE EFFECT OF EUST OX THE STEAW AXD GEADv OF WHEAT. The prevalence of rust this season in certain districts of Manitoba has led to in- quiries regarding the general effect of this fung-us upon the wheat plant — both straw and grain — and more particularly as to how it may influence their feeding value. To obtain data on this subject, samples of both rusted and rust-free wheat have been obtained and analysed. In order that the results should be strictly comparable, it was important in pro- ciiring these samples that the clean and the affected wheat should be of the same age and grown on the same soil. Through the kind oflices of the editor of the ' Xor-Wesr Farmer,' we were able to secure such specimens. In the letter accompanying them (under date of September 15), it is stated that both wheats were collected by hand on the same day in the same field, on the farm of Sir William Van Home at East Selkirk, Manitoba. There was a marked difference in appearance between them, both in straw and grain. The rust-free wheat had a clear, bright yellow, well-ripened straw; a normal ear, both as to size and colour, and plump, well-filled grain. On the other hand, the rusted wheat straw presented in general a dirty greenish-brown appearance and on closer inspection showed many spots or patches of infection, while its ears were smaller than normal and the kernels light and much shrivelled. Analysis of Eusted and Eust-free Wheat — Straw and Grain. o oteiu. 0) 'u-^ 'm ■i^ 6V t ^2 O O s ^ s < Grams. 7-92 7-9L' 2-44 7-69 1-65 1-97 39-00 38-44 39-95 36-78 9 04 11 rusted •> 7-20 Grain from i-ust-free wheat .- 3 0r)04 12 2t> 10-50 2-56 70-55 2-29 1-84 II rusted « 1-4944 10-66 13 09 2-35 68 03 3-03 2-24 The Straw. — We first notice that in crude protein the rusted straw is much the richer. Under the term, crude protein is included all those nitrogenous compounds of a food that go to repair waste, form blood and build up muscle and tissue. The high j^cQ EXPERIIILXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDVVARO VII., A. 1905 value of concentrated feed stuffs is due chiefly to the hirge proportion of protein they contain. It may safely be concluded, therefore, that the rusted straw, containing as it dues more than three times the protein found in the rust-free straw, is very much superior in feding- value. Further, in the rusted straw we have a slightly higher percentage of fat — the constituent next in value to protein — and somewhat less fibre — the element of least value in a fodder, and hence there is additional evidence of the most satisfactory character to support the statement respecting the more nutritious nature of the rust- affected straw. The Grain. — The small and shrivelled character of the grain from the rusted wheat may be deduced from the data in the first column of the table — the weight of 100 kernels being only half that of 100 kernels from the unafl'ected wheat. This fact, however, from the standpoint of a feed does not betoken a lessening of the nutritive qualities; indeed, as the data for the protein show, it has, weight for weight, consider- ably the higher value. The protein of the shrivelled grain is 3*19 per cent higher than that of the plump grain from the rust-free plant. Part of this higher protein content in the smaller grain is no doubt to be accounted for in its larger proportion of bran — ^Ijut chiefly is it due to the fact that the transference and accumulation of starch in the kernel has been but partial and incomplete. "" Other features of note in the analysis of the grain from the rusted wheat are : (1) the somewhat larger percentages of fibre and ash — indicating more bran — and, (2) the lower carbo-hydrates (starch) and fat content. Apart from the valuable information that these data furnish regarding the relative feeding value of the straw and grain of rusted wheat, we have in these results interest- ing evidence as to the physiological effect of the rust on the wheat plant. Speaking l)roadly, there are (after germination) two periods in the life of the wheat plant — the first, a period of feeding and assimilation; the second, a later and usually shorter period, during which the food materials accumulated in the stem and leaf (straw) are trans- ferred to and stored in the seed (kernel). There is, of course, no exact time when it can be said that the one ends and the other begins. Under normal conditions there is a gradual cessation of feediug, both by root and leaf, accompanied by an ever Increas- ing movement of the accumulated material to the seed. The first period is charac- terized by growth, the second is recognized by the maturation or ripening of the seed. Further, it would seem that in the development of the seed, the albuminoids or protein are the first to be transferred and later — towai'ds the close of the maturation period — the carbo-hydrates (starch, &c.), are more particularly deposited. The rust apparently does not affect the vitality of the wheat plant during the first stage or period, but as the season progresses and the ripening period advances the fungus attains the ascendancy, crippling the energies and functions of the tissues and checking the movement of the food materials to the seed. In other words, the growth of the rust arrests development and induces premature ripening, which, as we have seen, means a straw in which still remains the elaborated food, and a grain small, shrivelled, immature, rich in protein and deficient in starch. It may be well to point out that althrmgh the rust makes the grain more nitro- genous, it at the same time very materially reduces the yield per acre — the present figures indicating a loss in weight of about 50 per cent. "We have not as yet been able to complete the analysis of the milling products of this shrivelled wheat, but we may rest assured until «ueh time as the data are avail- * Note. — Some years ago in determining tlie relative feeding value of frosted wheat (which presents a shrivelled appearance very similar to that of the grain from rusted v.heat) we found that the protein content was considerably higher than in the unfrozen mature grain. It is evident that the effect of rust and frost in this respect, is the same, resulting in a prematuTP ripening or ralher a drying out of the grain which, as we have seen, means a kernel high in protein, but low in starch. liEfORT OF THE CHEMIST 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 able that its proportion of bran to flour will be higher than from normally ripened wheat. We may, further, conjecture that this bran will be found slightly more nitro- genous than that from rust-free wheat. It is held by certain millers that rust makes the flour somewhat 'stronger/ but at the moment there are no data, I believe, to sup- port this contention. WELL WATEES FEO:\r FAEM HOMESTEADS. One hundred samples of well water have been received during the past year. Of these, 66 were submitted to analysis, the remaining 34, by reason of insufficient ciuan- tity or a dirty bottle or cork, were not examined. In the appended table the data obtained are given, together with a very brief conclusion as to the character of the water. To those forwarding the samples more extensive reports have been sent, indi- cating the character of the pollution when present, and when necessary and possible making suggestions for the improvement of tlie supply. It will be seen by reference to the table that of the GQ waters examined, 27 were returned as safe and wholesome, 18 were found most seriously polluted, and 16 were reported as very suspicious and probably unsafe. Five were saline waters. There are too many shallow wells in existence and most of them, I regret to say, are situated so that they may receive soakage from the barnyard or similar contami- nating source. The barnyard and back-door wells should all be filled up, for they are a menace to the farmer and his family and, further, it should be emphasized that water which is dangerous to use in the house cannot be good for stock- The soil is an excellent purifying agent, but it has its limitations and once it has become loaded and choked with organic filth it cannot longer perform this beneficial function. When once the soil surrounding a well has become so charged no amount of cleaning the well will prove effective; the well should be abandoned. Our ' deep seated ' waters are for the most part pure and the driven well, placed at safe distance from the farm buildings and equipped with a windmill pump, should be a source on many farms of an ample and wholesome supply for house and barn. There are other sources of good water, creeks, rivers, and lakes, and these can fre- quently be utilized at little cost. An earnest and intelligent effort will result in most instances in securing pure water, and no farmer should rest content without making this effort if his present supply is from the barnyard well. Pure water is as necessary and desirable in the country as in the city, and there is no reason, with a moderate outlay, why it should not be found in the rural home. We believe there has been a great improvement in this matter during recent years, but the facts clearly show that there is yet room for advance. All that has been said regarding the supply for the farm applies with equal force to that of the creamery and cheese factory. It was admitted at the Dairy Conference recently held in Ottawa that the water supplies of many of these factories were any- thing but satisfactory. Instances, and many of them, were given of very foul water iieing used in the making of both butter and cheeS'e — and the consensus of opinion (imongst those present was that there shoidd be a systematic insix?ction and examina- tion of all the supplies of creameries and cheese factories and, if necessary, to have legislation on the matter. Dairy experts jxre agreed that neither first-class butter or cheese can be made if the water is not good. It will thus be seen that the water ques- tion is one that affects our commerce as well as our health. 192 EXPEh'LUJ:yTAL FA h'AIS 4-5 EDWARD Vll.. A. 1905 H 1-3 O m CO s << <5 0 rr c Tl 9 o o o '■z n s '^ ^ 2 ? T^ i T) CJ r« S o ft C3 >- C"^ o •il <^ f^ CD ,^ -o 2 o-c = ^S fi-t^ s^'S S . « = cS-r- S-a ^ a o F ■" t> •« O'^S 3 o^J D O tC.S 03 = S O S >-.. "* "^ S ^ ' 5 i? S - o'S. oj o "" 01 Ol'tj u- s c ^ •uoqiuSi •0 cCOl OX-*C^ OOMiXiCC-tO OCI'TtD i-Hi-iCOeOMCCOOOCC •^tOOOOO^©'* — O'*»'«*'00C''»©©X O©©O*-1-f:3-<»'Q0-f cq /c CI w X t~ ^ ir-1 1^ o CI 1-- IN ■* 00 i CO ■^ ■^ ^ © »ni ai •^^ r - •^j od sp 5.©l-^-1-XiM«CCCO--OlO-*' TfOit-t^OiSC'Il^Cl ^Sio ^Oi-I -*rH TfrHS-^CS COr-l ClCOrirt CO •<>< •9n;.io[iio ir5oooc©©io©i>''0©©©dMi^©© mocococioio©©o •ifOCOJOr-li-'ClOjil^CI-^'^ioopCI^© •<*"©C^■^^■M-^(^l©l~C: -iNj put; sd^ijj^ 1— I lO a: t^ "-I o ; O 00 i-- w f-i d cod c: -" r-ico»r!iM.-(«owcj^-^a)©©®-xi©iMco oD©©©o©io=rON •uiuorauiy piouiuinqTy loo t-iftioio o o lom m ot^ooio ooo oo . C5e»0000'*CO^»Ot^tftC0XC-lC1005O©CO T-ilOXCO-* t-- X < ffl W CI CI CI ?1 CI CJ < REPORT OF TEE CHEMIST 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 . 3 . '^H p=H>; H>HaH;2;>:z;EHEo ?: s OOOOOOOOCOOIM ©IM(MCo©-)>ooi-ir-'iMr-iTfmoio©ooto © «5I©M©0©300 00 lO 5D ira CI © CO 5C (M »Ct-C0^in-^<10l^'Orf<.-lTf.t^:ci~^eoi*'t^Cir;i©-^iOMt-^(Mco©i-iioco;ct^i-i ■^ O i-l ■* «5 r-l CO r- (N •<»• © t^ CC CO 1-1 iH 1-1 C*. o C: (NC<) T-H pq .- •<*• tM ^ ^ g^ H t-~ 1-H IM lO .CI .CO mOO-* TflOlOOTPCOCO . O^ . © p© aj'*! o©c^ Cn-*©'+iio©uo--l©crr0©in.-l©i— C-1 '©.^ o CO 00 to © "*< © lO . .! O . . -: „: 00 IM t- ® ■«<.-(>- © rHcoi-i'*— S "4 ^ a td d iz < ^ cd c < l"|s Cj ^ o C C C 0. E "a :^ ■ ■ ■ -H • ••! P3 © d 2 - "il £5 estbori >', (Jut. . . How (4rass, As spe, Que Samuel, Beauc ngsmere, Que. . rth Govver, On Igary, N.W.T . Bstboro', Ont.. . deauville, Ont . anagan Landin c O o u M S^Mffie^v3^-^ S6<^^ o'icS^S^co ^^^i^c-:^i2^u^So o i-iiMCO— 'OiX-t^OO --_ cocococococococo co-^- le— 13 : © © ^ 0-1 CO •<»• I : c: t^ oc © c i-H IM CO ■ 'TiriiOiOiOiCirsiniaiC'iO-xxco^cico 194 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 THE SEPTIC TAl^K FOE THE DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE. Certainly one of the most hopeful signs of progress, one might almost say of ad- vancement in civilization, at the present time is the widespread desire in the country home for a better and more convenient water snpply, for a bath-room, and f-or those sanitary conveniences (closet, sink, laundry, &c.), which go so far towards making the difference in comfort between the city and the farm house, especially in the winter. The requests for information regarding these matters, and particularly respecting some simple and effective method for the disposal of the sewage from the farm, house, have been very numerous during the past year. As regards the latter question, these inquiries have been answered by an account of the septic tank system, a comparatively speaking new system, but one that has proved highly satisfactory, as far as the writer is aware, wherever it has been tried. In many instances this correspondence has further led to requests for details, di- mensions and drawings. It has, therefore, been thought advisable to insert the following detailed account of this system with illustration in the Annual Report, since it:. publication in this way will not only bring the matter prominently before a very large number of farmers, but will place on record in an available form particulars which it is almost impossible to furnish in the limited scope afforded by an ordinary letter. We have no hesitation in saying, at the outset, that there is no method of sewage disposal at once so effective, so cheap, and so simple for the farm house, the creamery and the cheese factory, as that which is known as the Septic Tank System. For its working, a water supply in the house or building is necessary, but there is no good reason now-a-days why such should not be obtainable on the majority of farms. There are many means of bringing water from a safe, and perhaps fairly distant source, into the house and barns, and one or other of these, as circumstances dictate, shoukl be employed. Apart from the question of sewage disposal, apart from the convenience and the saving of labour that would follow, such a water supply must now be con- sidered fromt tlie health standpoint most desirable, if not a necessity. Reference to results given annually in these reports show that the shallow well, sunk in the barnyard or about the farm buildings ought to bo abandoned. Such wells art always a menace to the health of the farmer and his family, and his stock. With a water supply in the house — even though that may consist merely of a tank in one of the upper rooms periodically filled by a force pump, and from which pipes lead to the bath room and kitchen — there is nothing to prevent the installation of this system, which, as one writer of authority puts it, is at once ' inexpensive, absolutely automatic, scientific, simple, and in every way thoroughly efficient and satisfactory.' Very briefly, the system may be outlined as follows: — The sewage or waste from the closet and sink is conducted by the soil pipe, 4 inches in diameter, intjo a tank, situated outside the building, in which, without the addition of any chemical or disinfectant, but simply by the action of certain self-sown microbes or bacteria (which accomplish their useful work of destruction largely in the absence of light and air), its organic matter — its filth — is decomposed and rendered harmless, and moreover its disease germs, if any are present, destroyed. The effluent or what might be termed purified sewage is now discharged automatically and intermit- tently from the tank, either into a filter box containing gravel or sand, or coke, or. better still, into a system of subsurface or distributing field tilesofunglazed ware which allow the effluent to soak into the soil throughout their whole length. The distance from the house to the tanl^ is not a matter of any moment. The tank must be water-tight, and may be constructed of brick or stone cemented or, preferably, of concrete. When this system was fin;t put into iTse it was supposed that light and air prevented the develop- ment of the filth destroying bacteria and, therefore, that it was essential for the tank to bo practically light tight and air tight. Further, it was held that the inlet and outlet should be so arranged that the sewage would not be disturbed by currents. According to certain authorities it is still believed that the bacteria can only do their best work under these conditions. More recent investigations, however, go to show that such REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 195 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 precautions are iinnecessary. The bacteria wliich are engaged in this destruction, or ratlier nitrification, of the organic matter of the sewage do not all belong to that class which can only thrive in the absence of the oxygen of the air. However, these considerations need not be here further discussed. It is sufficient for our present purpose to know that the system, as consisting of the closed tank and distributing tiles, is efficient alike in the satisfactory disposal of house sewage and waste from the hr.r.<:n fpptnvy or creamery. For practical purposes — that is, for the installation of the system — the following details and the accompanying illustrations will no doubt prove serviceable. -4 I- a: h2 if) 0 ui p N cC J Z 3 Hi F ^ r \ fv. N D J H 16— 13J 196 EXPERIMEyiAL FAIiMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Fignre I. represents a tank fitted with the automatic discharge valve. The size of the tank for the ordinary farm house may be 6 feet long by 3 feet wide by 3 feet deep, or a working capacity, say, of 120 g-allons to each compartment. Since it is appar- ently desirable that the sewage should be. submitted to the action of the bacteria for a period of 24 to 36 hours before passing- into the second compartment of the tank, it is perhaps better to have the tank a little too large than too small. It is customary to allow a capacity of 12 gallons for each person. It will be seen that by a partition wall, carried within two inches of the top or roof, the tank is divided into two smaller tanks or compartments, figured as No. 1 and 2. Into the first of these, near the top, the sewage from the house flows through the glazed tile E. connected with the soil pipe which opens above the roof. The pipes from closet, bath, sink, &c., should, of course, be trapped before entering the soil pipe. In this tank or compartment (No. 1) there should be a perforated partition, as shown in cut, to prevent paper and other solids entering the overflow and being car- ried over into compartment No. 2. It is in No. 1 compartment that the bacteria chiefly effect their work of decomposing the organic matter of the sewage, and when in time this compartment bec(Mn€s full its fluid contents pass over into No. 2 by means of the overflow F. If there is no perforated partition in No. 1 the lower orifice of this overflow (F) is covered with wire netting which may act as a strainer to pi-event any paper. &c., passing into No. 2. In compartment No. 2 is the automatic valve H., con- nected with the discharge pipe D, which carries off the effluent to the subsurface tiles (see figure 2). • The success of the system depends largely upon this valve, for it is essential that compartment No. 2 should be emptied as soon as it is full, and then allowed to refill. This can only be satisfactorily accomplished by a self-acting (both opening and closing) valve.* This second chamber should have a 4-inch vent pipe, to allow the entrance of air. Manholes are provided at G, to permit of the examination of the tank at any time. The probabilities are, however, that no cleaning out will be nccessarj' for years, as the action of the bacteria is very thorough and complete in destroying the organic matter. The tank must be so situated that its glazed discharge pipe D. at the point from which the field tiles are led off is not more than 12 inches heloiv the surface of the ground. This pipe as well as the field tiles are to be laid on a level so that the lat'er will be equally filled when the tank is discharged. If the ground be level, this will necessitate constructing the tank so that a portion of it is above the surface of the land, and in this case it should be bardced around, covered with earth and sodded. It is not essential that the tank should be close to the house, but if placed at a distance the inlet pipe should have a fall from the house and be protected from the frost. Un- glazed field tiles inserted every two or three feet along the discharge pipe D. finally distribute the effluent through the soil (Fig. 2). If desired, these distributing tiles from D need not commence in the immediate vicinity of the tank, but it is important that they should not be at a greater depth than 12 inches, unless the soil is very light and sandy and has good natural drainage. Since a 4-inch tile holds -J gallon and it is essential that there should be tile capacity for all the effluent immediately on discharge, a tank with a compartment No. 2 of 100 gallon.? will require at least 200 distributing tiles. If the soil is heavy clay, it should be underdrained. Wlien the soil is of such a character that percolation is very difficult, the distributing tiles may be replaced by a ' filter box ' of sufficient size, filled with sand or gravel, or coke, the effluent entering near the top at one end and being conducted away from the other end by subdrains. However, in practice it is found that a larger tank with less frequent discharge and more tiles is preferable to a filter box. •An automatic discharge valve is made by the Dominion Valve Co., Toronto. The price Is from $18 to $25, according to size and quality. RtiViiT OF THE CHEMIST 197 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 This system is in operation in many parts of Canada and has proved satisfactory wherever installed, so that it cannot be regarded as an experiment. It is in use in rural homes, in several cheese factories and creameries, in asylums, factories, &c., and in every instance, I believe, it is working efficiently. In the preparation of this article, the writer has consulted Dr. P. H. Bryce, Chief Medical Officer of the Department of the Interior, who, when Secretary of the Pro- vincial Board of Health for Ontario, was instrumental in introducing this system into various public institutions. He authorizes the statement that after 15 years' experi- ence this system properly installed has proved the most sanitary and most economical method yet discovered for sewage disposal on a moderate scale. AN AGBICULTUPtAL TOUR IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. Accompanied by Mr. J. R. Anderson, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Victoria, -I visited during May and June of the present year the greater number of the more important agricultural districts of that province, both on Vancouver Island and tho main-knd. This tour had been under contemplation for some, time past, for the number of inquiries regarding soils, crops, &c., &c., received from that province has been steadily on the increase for several years, and it was felt that the information, the advice thus sought could be more satisfactorily given if the writer had some personal knowledge of the country, its soils, and methods of farming. Further, it was desirabk to study more fully the climatic conditions prevailing in the various districts referred to, as well as to obtain an insight into the practice of irrigation, largely used in the Okanagan, Nicola and valleys and other parts of the 'dry belt' of British Columbia. The itinerary was planned and arranged by Mr. Anderson, to whom I am greatly indebted for much help and many kindnesses. It was at a time when one could best study the soils and their crops and afford an opportunity of meeting the men working the land on the land and discussing with them their failures and successes. The days, there- fore, were spent largely in examining soils, crops, and conditions generally. We were frequently accompanied through the fields by the farmer and his neighbours and this enabled us to hold many impromptu meetings ' on the ground,' which -proved of much interest and value to all present. In the evenings, meetings of a more general character Vere convened under the auspices of the local Farmers' Institute. In all, twenty-one of these evening meetings were held and addressed, and with very few exceptions the attendances were lai^e. The interest of the people in agricultural matters was evident at every point visited and there was a sincere desire on the part of all whom we met in this way to benefit as far as possible by our visit. Considered from every point of view, I look back upon this tour as possibly the most satisfactory I have ever made to any province in the Dominion. The information gained must be of immense value % to me in the future when considering the farming problems of that province, and in this connection, I desire to add that very much of the interest and enjoyment of the trip was due to the intimate knowledge of the country by Mr. Anderson, who was not only of the greatest service to me, but who strove to make my visit both pleasurable and profitable, and in this was eminently successful. It will not be possible to give any detailed account of this survey trip here, but an outline enumerating the places visited, together with one or two of the more salient features of the districts examined, may prove of interest.* Vancoiivei- Island — Nanaimo and Cedar. — Though there are clay lands in this district their area appears to be limited. The larger part of the soil is of a light sandy or gravelly nature, which is frequently deficient in humus. The value of clover — *A report of this tour, in extenso, has been written by Mr. Andci-son. and viill appear in his forthcoming report of the Department of Agriculture for British Columbia. 198 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 which undoubtedly will grow well here — for replenishing ' the soil in this valuabk constituent was pointed out- The clay soils require similar treatment and would also be improved by an occasional liming. The use of swamp muck as a fertilizer was explained and the most economic treatment for bringing these muck soils (which occupy considerable areas in Vancouver Island) into successful cultivation, given- Orchards here were found, as a rule, in sod. This is evidently a plan not best suited for the soil and climatic conditions prevailing. Dairying is progressing and a creamery, started about a year ago, is stated as making good progress and leading to the increase in the number of milch cows, and consequently to more manure produced on the farm. There seems no reason why pork production should not increase with the development of the dairy industry and thus give the farmer an additional and lucrative source of revenue.. Comox and Courtenay. — This has already established an excellent reputation as a dairying district, there being good pasture, excellent water and some very fine dairy animals on practically all the farms visited. The co-operative creamery at Comox is well patronized and is stated to be in a flourishing condition. Greater care is required to keep the fields free of weeds, among which we noticed the Canada thistle and Velvet Grass. This lattor is almost worthless as a pasture grass or for hay, and efforts should be made by ploughing up old pasture and re-seeding neglected fields to stamp it out. A very noxious weed that is spreading here and elsewhere on the island is the Wild Barley (Hordeum jubatum). Its awns are dagerous, causing sores in the jaws of the cattle eating the grass. Since dairying will undoubtedly be the most important branch of farming here, the value of com and the silo was pointed out. In both Nanaimo and Comox districts the introduction of silos would no doubt be advantageous. From CoTirtenay we proceeded to Cumberland, and from that point drove to Park- ville — most of the way being through a magnificent forest, chiefly of Douglas fir, cedar and balsam. There are but few ranches as yet along the road. The soil on the higher ridges is light and gravelly, but much of the nature of a black sandy loam is noticed in the lower levels. At Parkville there was an excellent meeting, at which many matters of interest in connection with the treatment of soils, &c., were disciissed. Alherni. — The drive from Parkville to Alberni (27 miles) traverses a most magni- ficent primeval forest, one certainly that no effort should be spared to protect from the ruthless axe of the lumberman. This region would, if reserved, make a national park of unexcelled beauty and grandeur, for its scenery, especially in the vicinity of Cameron lake, is very fiue. Managed under the rules of good forestry, moreover, it could be made remunerative, -which we scarcely thinlv will be the case once the trees are gone, for the soil is very light and for the most part ill adapted to agriculture. At Alberni a beginning is being made in co-operative dairying, a creamery being in course of construction a few miles from the village. This will materially help to improve the farming prospects, by converting the raw material into a finished and more concentrated product. There will then be a possibility of getting the produce to Victoria and other markets, at present impossible owing to well nigh prohibitive freight rates. The reclamation of muck lands vi&s a subject here of much interest as there are large areas now in swamp that might be made productive. On the Mainland — Agassiz and ChilUwaclc. — These were the first places visited. Two days were spent with much profit on the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, and under the experienced guidance of Mr. Sharpe, the Superintendent, much informa- tion was gained as to the possibilities of the district, not only as a fruit-growing area, but also as to its suitability for mixed farming. It was somewhat a matter of surprise to me to find such excellent soil on the upper benches of the mountain here, soil of better quality in fact than much of that occupying the flats level with the river, the greater part of which at this point is of a very sandy or gravelly nature. The luxuriance of the clover crop here showed that there should be little difficulty in econ- omically maintaining the soil's fertility. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Chilliwack is essentially a dairying district, and here two days were spent in in- specting many of the good farms in the neighbourhood. There are two creameries in operation and each, I was told, had its full quota of patrons. Oats are extensively gro\\Ti, but the chief crops are roots and clover, though the area in Indian corn is yearlv increasing. This is essentially one of the most thriving and prosperous of the districts -visited. The crop yields are reported as excellent. Velvet Grrass, already referred to is, however, taking possession of some of the fields owing to poor methods of farming. In certain portions of this district the soils were found to be sour and in a measure unproductive, owing to insufficient drainage. I, therefore, spent considerable time in discussing with the farmers such means as might be practicable for lowering the water level, which I feel sure is essential to ULaking such soils profitable. There are certain areas here covered with muck soils, and we, therefore, devoted some time to their care- ful inspection and the outlining of such treatment as we considered desirable for their improvement. Ladner and the Delta Districts. — ^Between two and three days were spent in visit- ing the farms of the Delta, which for the most part are devoted to dairying and are in a thrifty and prosperous condition. Clover, grasses, roots and oats, all give large yields on this excellent soil, which, at many places on the lower Eraser, has been formed by the deposition of rich silt brought down by the river. Though good pastures were seen that had not been re-seeded for 10, 15 and, in lie case we saw, 30 years, my opinion is that still better results could lie obtained if they were broken up from time to time and resown. One reason for this opinion is that the Velvet Grass and Buttercup (Ranunculus acris) have in many fields taken such possession as to crowd out to a very large extent the clover and good grasses. A general neglect of the orchards is noticeable in this district ,the trees showing want of pruning and care, the soil being uncultivated and the Tent Caterpillar very common. This pest had in many places stripped the trees of their foliage. A large number of fine milch cattle in excellent condition were seen here, as at Chilliwack. Most of the land is of a heavy, plastic nature and would, we believe, be improved by more thorough drainage and an occasional liming. The district is on the whole in a thriving condition, the only serious drawback being the scarcity of really good water. Nearly all that is used is taken from the ditches ]>etween the dykes. The difficulty in this water problem lies in the fact that much of the land is below the level of the river. A system of supply that would convey water from the higher lands and distribute it over the Delta would prove a creat blessing. THE DRY CELT. Spence's Bridge and Nicola. — Up to this time I had never visited the Dry Belt, and beyond what I had read and had been told, my impression had been formed from what could be observed from the carriage window in passing through on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. These impressions, from the agricultural point of view, I am willing to confess, had not been very favourable. The general aspect is forbidding, the apparently barren soil bearing a scanty growth of sage brush and it is indeed difficult to realize that the coimtry is one adapted to agriculture. A closer acquaintance, however, with those parts cultivated under irrigation was destined to dispel this impression and to make one astounded at the truly marvellous results ob- tained on this sterile looking soil merely by the aid of water. Crossing on the ferry at Spence's Bridge, I had the opportunity of personally examining for the first time the results of irrigation, and these results were certainly a revelation- The farms of Mi. Clements and Mr. Smith are veritable oases. The crop of clover and timothy 200 EXPERIMEXrAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 wliicii was being cut, was very fine; growth generally was of the most luxuriant character and the fruit trees vigorous, healthy, and bearing well. A casual inspection of the soil, apart from what it can produce with the aid of water, certainly would not lead one to suppose it to be a fruitful one; indeed, it would on such an examinatioq be generally judged as of poor quality. We purpose, therefore, during the coming year to subject typical samples of these soils to careful analysis and hope therefrom to arrive at some better knowledge than we have to-day regarding the cause of their great productiveness. Very possibly it may be shown that the climatic conditions prevailing have been conducive to an accumulation of ' available ' plant food — we think this more than probable — and if this proves true it will point to the desirability of carefully husbanding this most valuable heritage and not allowing its waste by the excessive use of irrigation water. From Spence's Bridge to Lower Xicola the road winds along on the side of the Nicola canyon. Several farms on the route are to be observed, chiefly at the bends of the river, most of them apparently being occupied by Indians, near the cultivated spots. The irrigation ditches are to be seen winding their way down, or rather around, steep inclines of barrenrlooking soil, carrying a stream of living water brought from some creek at a higher level; then as they reach the bottom lauds branching and los- ing tliemselves and their precious burden in innumerable smaller channels amongst the most luxuriant herbage of field and orchard. Agriculturally speaking, one cannot help realizing, with water, everything; without water, nothing. At the Lower Nicola we stayed two days in order to allow me to more thoroughly study the irrigation schemes in vogue, to examine the crops and to visit certain out- crops of ' alkali ' that I had been asked to report on. It would be undesirable here to enter fully into the several problems in connection with irrigation that must be solved if this country is to be more than sparsely settled, but we may briefly refer to one or two of the more important features, as they occun-ed to the writer. We have first to recognize that in many parts the water available for irrigation purposes is limited — many ditches several miles in length were seen, proving that even now water has frequently to be brought long distances. To obtain an equitable distribution of the water is of the utmost importance to the future welfare and progress of this country, for land and farms without water are practically unproductive and valueless. If the tapping of the streams and other sources is left so largely to the greed or caprice of the individual, if the conservation or storage of available waters is neglected, it seems scarcely likely that the community can continue to benefit equitably from the supply. At present much water is wasted that might on other lands prove of the greatest service. Secondly, we should like to point .out how the more frequent use of the cultivator and harrow to preserve a dry earth mulch, might be profitably substituted for water. Such a method of conserving soil moisture is most effective and quite applicable in orchards and for root crops. Lastly, it is quite evident that in some places too much water is used. The exces- sive application is detrimental both to soils and crops — the soils are injured physically and chemically, by being choked, becoming sour and losing their more soluble plant food, and the crops suffer through the drowning of their roots. In several instances, we noticed much harm as resulting from this excessive use, especially on the lower levels. Patches of land were examined that were evidently suffering from the presence of alkali, of which both the ' white ' and the ' black ' forms are found here. The nature and origin of alkali were explained and the best methods for the treatment of such lands outlined. We took pains at all tur meetings and demonstrations in the dry belt to give information on this matter, as well as to speak on the equally important matter, the use and abuse of water in irrigation. At Loewr Nicola and at Coutlt-cs truly magnificent crops of Red Clover, Alfalfa, Sainfoin, and Alsike Clover were seen — it was very evident that all the legumes thrive liEl'ORT OF TllE CUEMIHT 201 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 here. On the roots of all those examined, notlnles were foimd. Potatoes and root crops also do very well. The chief agricultural industry is at present the production of beef though we think, with railroad facilities to a market, the district would prove almost equally suited to dairying and orcharding. The universal cus,tom is to allow the cattle to find their own food in tlie woods on the mountains during the summer and to feed them in the winter months on the hay cut from the irrigated fields already spoken of. As the land is taken up, this primitive method of farming must be more and more abandoned, and we are of the opinion that even in beef production the more modern methods which the changed conditions will render necessary to adopt, will be more remunerative than those now in vogue. A day was spent in the vicinity of Nicola, where there was further and abundant evidence of the wonderful growth of both grasses and clovei-s. On the road between Nicola and Kamloops many excellent farms were visited, though some fields, we regretted to notice, were badly infested with wild mustard. Exceptionally fine'crops of Alfalfa and Brome Grass were examined at ' Pattersons,' about half way to Kamloops. Tw^o, and frequently three, cuttings, I was told, were taken from the former in the season, while the latter gives a large yield of hay and a very heavy and palatable aftermath for grazing. Strange as it may seem, great injury to roads and fields had been caused in several places along the route by freshets in the spring. "With uncontrollable fury the waters had burst forth from the ravines bringing huge boulders, stones, trees, «S:c., with them and ruining thereby sometimes beyond hope of reclamation, considerable areas of fine land. Unfortujiately our programme did not allow time for an excursion to Grand Prairie, where I am told there is an excellent farming section and a large number of interested and intelligent men. ' From Kamloops a drive was taken on the north side of the Thompson river, along which a ditch to bring water for irrigating purposes is being constructed. The water will be conveyed about 17 miles from Jameson creek. It is expected when the schemo is finislieu that several thousand acres can be brought into productive cultivation. The Ckanngan. — Proceeding from Sicamous to Okanagan Landing by rail wo thence continued by boat to Summerland, a comparatively speaking new agricultural development near the southern end of the Okanagan Lake. This and Peachland, fur- ther north on the same side of the lake, were of particular interest to me, by reason of the methods by which they have been developed and exploited by the parties or companies originally owning these sites: The land after careful survey, has been divided into five and ten acre lots, allowances for roads, &c., being made. These lots are sold subject to certain rules and taxes, among the latter being an annual rate (25 cents per acre at Sum- inerland) for irrigation water supplied by the company. The newer of the two places ij Summerland, and here at present the greater activity is evident. Many of the lots have been planted as orchards, and if not at present worked by the owner are managed by the company, which, in addition to an initial charge for breaking and planting, collect an annual fee for this care of the trees. The land before this operation has a * thin ' look and is spai-sely covered with the native sage, &c., but with working and the careful application of water, it can no doubt be made productive. We should strongly advise, however, better preparation of the soil, than has been the practice, before setting out the trees, and we further believe that the fertility of the soil should be kept up by the occasional growth of clover or some other legume. There is no doubt as to the success of clover here — evidences were clear as to that — and it is the height of folly to imagine, as many do now, that nothing furtlier than water is or ever will be necessary. The climatic conditions we recognize as most favourable, but warmth and water, though all important, do not constitute all the factors necessary for proritable fruit growing. Most of the people who have taken lots speak enthusiastically of the future and certainly the prospects are promising. Summerland is yet in its 202 EXPERIilEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 infancy and necessarily some years muslj elapse before there can be much return. Peachland is older and should be in a position to ship fruit in considerable quantities in a year or two. Many who are taking up land ijj. this district have had no ex- perience in fruit growing, but a hoi>eful sign is the general desire for information by the new-comers. There seerns no doubt of the suitability of the climate for fruit, nor with regard to obtaining good markets for the produce in the Kootonays, the North-Avest Territories, and Manitoba. We may, therefore predict that with careful management of soil and water and the experience that will be gained in the actual culture of the fruit, there is a large measure of success in store for these and similar localities. In addition to apples, pears, cherries, and peaches, corn, melons, tomatoes, and s'lTiall fruits and vegetables generally are, it is stated, raised successfully. A very fine cherry orchard in full bearing was seen at Trout Creek, a few miles below Simimerlanod. Large shipments of delicious fruit were being made at the time of our visit. At Peacliland the orchards on most of the lots are thrifty. Many of the peach trees were coming into bearing and gave great promise. Examination of the soil revealed areas of excellent quality, more particularly on some of the higher levels. Careful management of the irrigation water is here necessary as it was noticed that the seepage from water applied on the upper slopes appeared on some of the lots at the base of the hill. In several places this was excessive and doing injury to the trees. These lots required drainage rather than irrigation. Kelowna. — Several very fine cherry orchards were seen in this vicinity, notably those of Mr. Pridham and Mr. Stirling, and that the district, speaking generally, is eminently adapted for fruit theo-e can be no doubt. Certain large estates in the neighbourhood are being subdivided and sold in small lots for fruit culture and the ' boom ' in land was apparently as active here as elsewhere in the Ok-inagan district- Through the kindness of Mr, Chaplin, Secretary of the Farmers' Institute here, I was enabled to go over a large amount of the ground within a radius of 25 miles of Kelowna. At one or two places patches of alkali occur and samples were taken for further examination. One very interesting drive was through the main valley to Duck Lake, returning by ' Dry Valley.' This main valley, or rather the greater part of it, has for the past twenty-five years been cropped with wheat without any rational attempt to maintain the soil in a productive condition. The result is most deplorable. Land that I am told was once the most fertile^ has been reduced to such a condition that in many instances I could see the crop was not worth harvesting. The heavy clay of which most of this land is composed has been depleted of its humus and avail- able plant food to such an extent by continuous growth of wheat that it is now re- fr'ictory, hard and altogether unsuitable, chemically and physically, for farming: pur- poses. The only hope for this land which has been so ruthlessly treated lies in the addition of humus and nitrogen through the growth of clover or some other of the legumes. This no doubt will be very difficidt to obtain at the outset owing to the condi- tion of the land, and probably at first buckwheat or rye will be found easier to grow for green manuring- These, however, should be followed by a leguminous crop to enrich the soil in nitrogen. We also think that tile drainage and occasional liming will be found valuable in reclaiming the land, both tending to improve its physical condition. Towards Duck Lake several large hay farms v\-cre seen, the crops on the whole being good. ' Dry Yalley ' suffers for want of sufficient irrigation water. If by an engineer- ing scheme water could be brought at a reasonable cost into this valley, there is a large area of arable land here that would be made profitable. Vernon. — This is widely and favourably known as a fruit-growing district. There is very little grain sown now, but the area devoted to fruits of all kinds is continually on the increase. The planting out of orchards is considered a profitable investment. The interest and pleasure of our visit to Vernon were much enhanced by our stay at REPORT OF THE C'HEillST 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Coldstream ranch, the estate of Lord Aberdeen, Mr. llicardo, the manager, having kindly extended to us his hospitality. Mr. Ricardo not only took us over the larger portion of this magnificent and well-kept estate, but drove us over a considerable part of the surrounding country- In this way I was able to learn much of the character of the soil, the methods of irrigation in vogue, and the capabilities of this highly favoured district. A visit to the Commonage was of much interest. This district lies only a few miles from Vernon, but unfortunately has practically no water supply available for irri- gation purposes. For the past few years, I understand, the farmers here have done fairly well (the district has been settled about six years) owing largely to a succes- sion of wet seasons. This year being exceptionally dry, the crops are very short. It is certainly a hazardous undertaking when farming is attempted here without the aid of irrigation. Excellent meetings were held tinder the auspices of the Farmers' In- stitute at Vernon and Commonage. Armstrong. — It is held that here and northward there is a sufficient rainfall for agricultural purposes and therefore irrigation is not practised. However, the present season had been a very dry one and as a result very short grain crops were obtained. Much of the soil is very heavy and had become refractory owing to poor methods of farming. It stood badly in need of humus. Wliere hay was grown, both the crop and the soil were better. The soil generally is a strong one, but it already stands in need of much better treatment — which may be outlined as comprising, the growth of clover, more attention to rotation of crops, the use of tile drainage, and the application of lime. We, further, are of the opinion that both dairying and fruit growing might be considerably developed with advantage to the district. From Armstrong the drive to Enderby was taken, spending a day or two on the road at Sir Arthur Stepney's ranch, now in charge of Mr. Heggie. It is only right that I should add, this ranch is being conducted on rational lines, the land constantly improving rather than deteriorating. As already remarked, much of the land in this district of Spallumcheen is unprofitable, due to the continuous growth of wheat. At Enderby the general conditions of soil, &c., are much the same as at Armstrong. It has been a wheat-growing district and in conseqtience the land has suffered. Wliere Alfalfa and clovers are grown, excellent crops are obtained and the land is steadily improving. If the farmers can only get away from this practice of wheat after wheat and grow the legumes more largely, this district will assuredly hold its reputation as amongst the richest farming areas in 'the province. From Enderby we went to Mara on the Spallumcheen river, where a number of low lying, mucky lands were inspected and instruction given for their reclamation. The last locality visited in British Columbia was Salmon Arm, on Shuswap Lake. Some very promising orchards were seen here, and the district is considered as one eminently adapted to the apple. Though a certain amount of dairying and mixed fanning is carried on, it is evident that the future growth of the district is intimately connected with its development as a fruit-growing centre. We were enabled to see many comparatively large areas that had been recently planted, and all gave promise of good retxirns. In conclusion, I should like to thank all those who helped to make this tour of such great interest and pleasure to me; many devoting time to driving me over the country in the various districts, explaining much which otherwise would have been obscure and m.any kindly and hospitably entertaining mc. I should also like to s;iy, a" a last word, how gratifying it was to meet so many who were anxious to benefit by our visit. Never have I had the pleasure of speaking to more interested and en- thusiastic men than those I met on the field and a.t the meetings of this visit to British Columbia. 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER Nc. 16 A. 1905 HEPOUT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST (James Fletcher, LL.D., F.L.'S., F.R.S.C.) 19 04. Ottawa, December 1, 1904. Dr. William Saunders, Director of Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to hand you herewith a report of some of the most import- ant subjects which have been brought officially under my notice during the past season. The development of the Division of Entomology and Botany in the various direc- tions has been pushed forward as evenly as possible, with an effort not to allow any work once undertaken to fall behind by giving undue attention to other branches. Collections. — During the past year, as previously, the collections of insects and plants have been very much increased. Large additions have been made from material collected in the field, as well as also through the kindness of correspondents who have applied to the Division for help in their studies of insects and plants. The great atten- tion which has lately been directed to Nature Study in schools has brought the officers into close contact with many teachers and students in the public schools of the country. There are few things more marked, in matters connected with the development of the country, than the keen interest which is being shown by all classes of society in those investigations which in a general way may be grouped under the head of natural history, and with which the work of the Division of Entomology and Botany is inti- mately associated. This includes not only a study of insects of all kinds, and plants, wild and cultivated, but also allied researches in forestry, the reclamation of land from the encroachments of the sea or of drifting sand, and also to a certain measure investigations into the habits of birds and animals with which farmers come into contact in their every-day life. This new movement in the schools of the country is giving to the growing boys and girls, who in a few years will be the citizens of Canada, an elementary knowledge of many of the common things which surround them every day of their lives, and which for this very reason are of importance to them. A prac- tical knowledge of animals, plants and natural phenomena cannot but be of enormous assistance to the farmers of the country, whose every occupation is connected in some way with nature. The Nature Study movement is going steadily forward, and it has been a great pleasure to the officers of the Division to be in a position to encourage and help those who have taken it up so earnestly in all the provinces of the Dominion. Our collections here have been of much use in this work, and many visitors have availed themselves of the opportunity of consulting the cabinets. 205 203 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 Insects. — As 'in previous years, much time has been given to the rearing of insects, eggs or larvae of many of which have been received by mail from all quarters or collected in the field. An exact knowledge of the preparatory stages of insects, the number of broods, and the time at which they develop, is of the greatest value when devising remedies for injurious species. Careful notes are taken of every species studied, and year by year the collections are enriched by the addition of specimens reared from the egg and prepared for the cabinets, showing all stages of growth, as well as the work of the various species. At the same time, records are kept for reference or for future use in the reports when sufficient data have accumulated or when occasion demands it. Plants. — Extensive additions have been made to the herbarium, either from speci- mens sent in by corre-spondents for naming or as donations; and in many instances fine specimens of rare plants have been acquired by growing the plant from the seed and securing samples at different stages of development. During the year the her- barium has been gone over, and many imperfect specimens have been replaced by better one^, or additions have been made by increasing the series of various species by representatives from other localities. The collection of weed seeds has been largely increased, and it is now a rare thing for a seed to be submitted by seedsmen or purchasers of seeds, or even to be sent in by students, which cannot be recognized. The institution of the Seed Division, under the Commissioner of Agriculture and Dairying, has had a most marked effect upon the quality of all kinds of seed now offered by seedsmen, and it may be jiistly said that at the present time, if purchasers will pay a reasonable price, they can easily obtain in Canada all crop seeds of the highest quality, both as to vitality and as to freedom irom the seeds of other plants. Fodder Plants. — The Experimental Grass Plots during the past season have been very attractive to visitors. The season at Ottawa was extremely favourable for the development of all fodder plants, and consequently very complete collections of all the leading hay and fodder plants were made for exhibition at the various fall fairs and other exhibitions where the government has assisted by sending exhibits. A large collection has also been made for the museum at the Central Experimental Farm. Reclaiming Sand Hills. — A visit was paid to the large tract of shifting sand near Lachute, Que., locally known as the Argenteuil Sand Hill. This is estimated as now covering nearly one thousand acres, stretching along the Ottawa River in an elongated patch about four miles long by half a mile to one mile in width, for the most part entirely destitute of vegetation, but bearing in places clumps of spruce trees, birches, maples, tamaracks and willows. As is usually the case on such areas, the surface is very dry; but a few inches below this there is an abijndance of moisture available for the support of any plants which can be protected against the drifting sand. At the request of Mr. Thomas Christie, M.P., I called upon the various farmers living around this sand hill and examined the work they had been doing in their efforts to control the sand. I found, without exception, that every one of them had taken a keen interest in fighting against the common enemy, and much good work had been done in the way of holding back the drift by planting trees and other vegetation. Since 1898 the attention of the Division has been directed to this tract of land, and a few hundreds of plants of the Beach Grass, and also of Norway and White Spruce trees, have been sent to different farmers to be planted on the sand as an experiment; but no extensive work has been carried on by the department. I was much pleased to see the success which had attended the efforts to grow trees on this apparently barren sand hill. The kinds of trees which were noticed growing wild in the scattered clumps which here and there appear, were White Pine, Tamarack, Canada Balsam, Wliite Spruce, White Cedar, Balm of Gilead, Aspen Poplar and White Birch; and round the edges all the ordinary forest trees of the region are represented. In low spots two or three kinds of willows and the Gray Alder flourish. Of shrubs which attracted attention by their vigour and REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No 16 the extent to which they had spread out in every direction, special mention may be made of the following kinds which doubtless can be made use of in prosecuting this work. The Willow-leaved Meadowsweet (Spircea salicifolia, L.). — This free-growing bush, which not only produces large numbers of running roots or stolons, but also ripens much seed, was found to be covering many acres and spreading rapidly over some low spots in the central portion of the sand hill. This is a native shrub, common in all swamps and low lands. The Red Raspberry (Ruhus slrigosus, Mx.). — A form of this common shrub was seen covering a large area on the farm of Mr. Thomas McGregor, who has encouraged its growth, as well as some other native plants which occur with it. The common Blackberry {Rubus villosxis, Ait.). — Even more luxuriant than the Red Raspberry was the Common High Blackberry, which rooted freely through the sand and threw up many stems. Both of these berry-bearing plants produce heavy crops of excellent fruit, and it seems as though they might prove a valuable resource to farmers, while at the same time performing the important office of providing a bar- rier against the encroachments of the sand or as a temporary shelter, while more valuable trees are being grown. Roses. — At various places old and vigorous clumps of Sweetbrier, which were evidently many years old, were seen, as well as of the little old-fashioned semi-double Cinnamon Rose. The Smooth Meadow Rose (Rosa hlanda, Ait.) was found in spots, covering several yards in diameter and showing an imex- 3)ected power to grow up and keep its head above the drifting sand. Shrubs which also showed great vigour and which occurred in rhany parts of the sand hill, where evi- dently they had sprung up spontaneously, were the Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus siolonifera, Mx.) and the Beaked Hazel (Corylus rostrata. Ait.). Of the wild her- Laceous perennials growing naturally on the sand, and the growth of which had to some extent been encouraged, the most noticeable were the Common Milkweed (Asclepias cornuti, Decne.), the Canada Thistle (Cnicus arvensis. Scop.), and Couch or Quack grass (Agropyrum repens, L.). There were also seen in some places a few plants of the Strawy Sedge (Carex straminea, Schk.), the Ox-eye Daisy and the Dan- delion. The trees which have been experimented with to the largest extent by farmers living in the locality are the White Pine, Canada Balsam Fir, the Norway Spruce, the White Spruce and the Tamarack or American Larch. Of these, the last-named has made the most rapid growth, but seems to require more protection than the sturdy spruces. The Balsam Fir has succeeded as well as the spruces, but is a less valuable tree. The Norway Spruce has been planted only to a small extent, a few hundred trees having been sent from this department three years ago. These were planted carefully, and doubtless will succeed; but it is too early as yet to compare them for this purpose with the White Spruce, which is the favourite conifer and is transplanted from the woods in the neighbourhood. The greatest satisfaction is expressed by all of the way in which willows have succeeded. The kind used for the most part is the large European Tree- Willow (Salix alha, L.) known mostly in this country under the name of French Willow. Large numbers of these trees have been started from cut- tings and have in a single year made a remarkable growth, even from small cuttings put in with little labour in a furrow made by a plough. Such plantations were seen on the farms of Mr. John Doig and Mr. Walter Smith. On the edge of one of Mr. Doig's plantations the sand had been drifted away by the wind so as to expose the roots of one of his trees. These, by actual measurement, extended for forty feet from the central point, showing the great value of the willow as a sand binder, both from its rapid growth and from its great root production. An observation of much interest, as showing the power of the Canada Balsam to resist destruction by sand, was that this tree, when covered up to a certain extent with sand, threw out large numbers of roots from the branches which were partially submerged. (See Plate II., fig. 10.) Many samples of such branches were found upon trees which had their roots and trunks covered up with from six to ten feet of sand. Experiments with Beach Grass and the Sea Lyme Grass have been very satisfactory, particularly where the former has been planted on 208 EXPEIilMEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDV^^ARD VII., A. 1905 exposed banks. In low, undisturbed spots the Sea Lyme Grass has succeeded ratiiel* better than the Beach Grass. Tufts of both of these grasses were found in some places to have extended four feet in each direction by the end of the second year, and on Mr. Walter Smith's land one clump was found which had a thick growth four feet acro^ in the centre, with five smaller shoots round it and 18 shoots just showing through the sand, which will produce tufts of leaves next spring at a radius of twelve feet from the centre. It is hoped next year to encourage this work by sending a large consignment of Beach Grass and several thousand cuttings of those willows and poplars which have shown the greatest vigour at Ottawa and at our western experimental farms. Tha enthusiasm and interest shown in this subject by the farmers themselves, every one of whom has already gone to much trouble and expense, is most encouraging. I can see no reason why in a few years this large tract of sand may not be brought under control. Meetings. — Meetings of farmers, dairymen, fruit growers, &c., have been attended whenever other official duties would allow of my absence froni Ottawa. December 28, 1903 : St. Louis, Mo. — Annual meetings of the Society for the Promo- tion of Agricultural Science, of the Association of Economic Entomologists and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. January 29, 1904 : Cowansville, Que. — -Convention of District of Bedford Dairy- men's Association. February 12 : Ormstown, Que. — Huntingdon Dairymen's Association. April 18 : Perth, Out — Horticultural Society and address to school children of the Public Schools in the town hall. May 5 : St. Catharines, Ont. — Meeting of fruit growers to discuss the San Jose Scale remedies. May 6 : Toronto. — Normal School : Address on Nature Study. — Toronto Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario and Toronto Horticultural Society — joint meeting : Address on ' The Opening of Spring and Spring Work.' June 14 : Amherst, N.S. ; and June 18 : Halifax, N.S. — Meetings of Maritime Stock Breeders' Association and Nova Scotia Farmers' Association. June 21 to 24 : St. John, N.B. ; June 16 : Kentville, N.S.— Address before King's Coimty Board of Trade on ' Orchard Injects.' June 27 and 28 : Gagetown, N.B. — Address before Farmers' and Dairymen's Asso- ciation on ' Farm Insects,' and attending spraying demonstration in orchard. July 11 to August 11. — In Manitoba and the North-west Territories, holding weed meetings for the North-west government. September 5 : Brome, Que. — Attending the Brome County Fair and judging horti- cultural exhibits. September 9 to 17 : Halifax, N.S. — Attending the Nova Scotia Provincial Exhibi- tion in company with the Dominion Live Stock Conimissioner. Meeting farmers and fruit growers in the Farmers' Pavilion and delivering addresses on Noxious Weeds and Injurious Insects. September 19 to 23 : St. John, N.B. — Attending Canada's International Exhibition and judging the natural history exhibits sent in by the school children of the province Thi.s competition is worthy of special mention on account of the excellence and num- ber of collections sent in. No less than 83 separate collections, aggregating nearly three thousand specimens, were on exhibition and formed a most attractive exhibit. For the most part, the specimens were well preserved, neatly mounted and labelled. The identifications in most of the collections were also as accurate as could be expected under the circumstances. On the whole, I believe that this competition was the most extensive and best managed of any similar effort which has ever taken place in Canada. Tl^e example of the Exhibition Association may well be followed by other similar institutions. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 209 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 September 24 to 30 : Cbarlottetown, P.E.L — Provincial Exhibition. Attendiiijj meetings and giving addresses in the Farmers' Pavilion upon Weeds, Hay and Pasture Grasses and Injurious Insects. October 19 : Lachute, Que. — Visiting the Argenteuil Sand Hill and discussinj^ ■with farmers means of controlling the drifting sand. October 21 : Whitbj', Ont. — Visiting the Model Fair Grounds with tlie Live Stock Conxmi^ioner and examining the illustration plots of various crops; and also the fodder crops grown in the district. October 26 and 27 : London, Ont. — Annual meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario : ' Injurious Insects of the Year,' ' Entomological Record for 1904.' November 15 : Toronto, Ont. — Provincial Fruit, Flower and Honey Show : Address on ' The Value of Bees to the Fruit-grower.' In addition to the above, Mr. Arthur Gibson attended the County of Carleton Annual Exhibition at Richmond, Ont., and judged the natural history exhibits made by the teachers and school children of the county. These exhibits were on the whole very satisfactory, and showed good careful work on the part of the teachers. Mr. Gibson also attended the annual meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario at London, and took an active and acceptable part in the proceedings, reading two papers : ' Further Notes on Basswood or Linden Insects,' and ' The Columbine Borer {Papaipema ptirpiinfascia, G. & R.). Achnowledgments. — I have again gratefully to acknowledge many favours from specialists who have assisted me with identifications of many specimens of insects re- ceived for the collections during the past year. My thanks are specially duetto Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the Bureau of Entomology at Washington, and members of his staff, particularly Dr. H. G. Dyar, Dr. W. H. Ashmead, Messrs. Schwarz, Coquillett and Busck ; also to Prof. J. B. Smith, of New Jersey ; Mr. W. D. Kearfott, of Montclair, N.J. ; Prof. J. S. Hine, of Columbus, Ohio, and Rev. G. W. Taylor, Wellington, B.C. Valuable additions to the collections of insects have been made by the following: Mr. F. H. Wolley-Dod, Millarville, Alta. — A collection of named noctuidie from Alberta. Mr. T. N. Willing, Regina, N.W.T. — Many specimens of insects of all orders from the North-west Territories. Mr. Norman Criddle, Aweme, Man. — Many rare moths and other insects from Manitoba. Mr. W. Metcalfe, Ottawa. — A large collection of minute diptera and other insects beautifully pinned, mounted and labelled. Mr. A. W. Hanham, Victoria. B.C. — A large collection of pinned hymenoptera, diptera and hemiptera taken in Manitoba and British Columbia. Mr. E. F. Heath, Cartwright, Man. — A collection of Manitoban moths in papers. Mr. C. H. Young, Ottawa. — Specimens of rare moths taken at Ottawa. Mr. E. P. Venables, Vernon, B.C. — A collection of named Bomhi taken at Ver- non, B.C. Correspondence. — The correspondence of this Division has been sufficient during the past year to take up every minute of the time of the officers which could be spared from time necessary for investigation. Many thousands of specimens of insects and plants have been received from students for naming. This requires much time, but is of great value in the work of the Division in bringing the officers into contact with students all over the country and in learning of the occurrence of many insects and plants, which otherwise would not come to their notice. From December 1, 1903, until November 30, 1904, the number of letters, exclusive of circulars, registered in the Division as received on official business was 3,231, and the number despatched was 2,909. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, JAMES FLETCHER, Entomologist and Boianisi. « 16—14 qiO EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD V!I., A. 1905 DIVISION OF EJSTTOMOLOGY. CEREALS. The season of 1904 in all parts of the Dominion has been remarkably irreguiar ami uncertain. Extensive areas have suffered from drought, while in other places there has been trouble from too much rain at certain periods ; crops, accordingly, lia^-f been very irregular. Through the greater part of the Maritime Provinces and in the eastern part of the province of Quebec, a prolonged drought during the months of Jujie, July '^iid August reduced enormously all hay and grain crops. In the western portion of the province of Quebec and in eastern Ontario, weather conditions were very favourable and excellent crops of grain and hay were secured. In western Ontario, on the other hand, and in the whole of the province of British Columbia, hot dr/ weather prevailed and somewhat reduced crops of all kinds. The Ontario November crop report describes the wheat crop as below the average and rather light in weight ; bar- ley as one of the most successful crops of the year; oats a splendid crop, yield and quality most gratifying. Throughout the Dominion, however, the season on the whole ha? been cool and backward. In the North-west Territories and Manitoba the growing season began late; but with improved summer conditions and no killing frosts until rather later than usual, a large crop was reaped. The quality was not quite as high as was at one time hoped for, owing to rain at harvest time and slight frosts in some localities, and also to a certain amount of injury by rust. Eust is almost unknown in the West as a serioiis enemy of cereal crops; but during the past season a more severe epidemic of this destructive parasite made itself manifest towards the end of August, than has ever previously been recorded. Mr. J. K. C. Honeyman, the Deputy Com- missioner of Agriculture for the North-west Territories, although stating that the j)resence of rust last summer was a factor to be considered, claims that practically it rli.l not affect the crops in the Territories to any appreciable degree. Writing on November 16, he says : * There is a large amount of very good grain in the country, and prices are satisfactory. However, a comparatively small proportion of the crop hag been marketed, owing to the continued fine weather, which enables farmers even at the date of writing to continue their fall ploughing.' Mr. J. R. Anderson, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for British Columbia, wr-'tes : ' The abnormally dry season which extended through the whole of the pxo- vince, had the effect of reducing considerably the production of all crops in those parts where irrigation is not practised, because it is unnecessary. Spring wheat was generally a failure where it is grown for milling purposes. Fall wheat was better, but on the whole, milling wheat was short. Nevertheless, some fine samples were pro- duced. Kansas Red from Spallumcheen weighed G9J lbs. per bushel, with a fine, hard, plump grain. Oats and other small grains were good where the seed was got in early, and on irrigated land. In dry regions these crops were indifferent.' In Northern Alberta the summer was fine and dry, and grain crops were better than they had been for two or three years, except in some instances where poor seed oats had been sown. No mention was made of rust. In Manitoba, however, tha injury by the Black Stem Rust caused great anxiety to farmers. Some crops were actually cut green or before they were ripe to save fiirther damage. The districts most affected were between Brandon and Winnipeg and in the south and west of the pro- vince. Loss from this cause was not confined to the West. Reports from Ontario and Quebec mention rust on wheat, oats and barley, and a consequent shrinkage in those REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 211 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 crops. An undetermined injury referred to as ' Dead Heads ' by settlers also occurred rather widely in Manitoba just before wheat har\'C3t. Unfortunately, no cause for this injury which involved patches of from two to fifteen feet in diameter, could be discovered by my correspondents, who made investigations in accordance with sugges- tions sent to them. Neither fungus nor insect enemy could be discovered. Mr. Geo. H. Greig, Secretary of Live Stock Associations of Manitoba, wrote that the injury ceased about August 20, and that in speaking with the farmers in the district where this occurred, the opinion seemed to prevail that new land was worse affected than old, and he estimated the loss in the fields which showed meet of the injury at about 5 per cent. Among insects which have attracted attention by their numbers on cereal crops during the season of 1904, mention may be made of the following: — WiREwoRMS. — Wireworms in grain fields were complained of in New Brunswick, near St. Jchn, on Prince Edward Island, at Kensington, and at Qu'Appelle in the North-west Territories. These troublesome larva?, for which up to the present time no satisfactory remedy has been discovered, did much harm by eating into the young sprouting grains of wheat. It was noticed by Mr. William Henley, of Qu'Appelle, that oats sown on the same land where wheat was being destroyed, were not injured by the wireworms. The destruction of the wheat, however, was considerable. He writes under date June 20 : — ' Wireworms are destroying our wheat crop in the Wascana District (T. 13, R. 15, W. of 11., 30 miles south of Qu'Appelle). This is heavy hum- if..oeky land full of humus. I broke a hundred acres last summer, disked it in the fall and harrowed it before and after seeding this spring. I shall not get over half a crop from it. I am breaking another hundred acres this summer, and should like to avoid this trouble next season, if possible. Would more cultivation in the spring have any effect on this insect, or would you recommend putting on extra seed? I don't think this worm does much harm after the wheat has germinated. We had two weeks of cold weather this spring aftei- seeding, and the seed did not start to grow for some time. This was when the wireworms did most harm.' A remedy which has given a measure of satisfaction to those who have tried it, is to plough the land twice in autumn — once in August, when the wireworms (the larvae of several species of Click Beetles) change to the pupal condition, in which they are soft and easily injured, and then again in October or later, when the perfect beetles have formed but are still too soft and delicate to stand the cold of autumn and winter if their pupal cell is broken. This late ploughing also exposes them to many enemies. In the North-west, as Mr. Henley has pointed out, it is very rarely possible to plough land as late as October. The present open season, jiearly up to the did of November, gives farmers a good opportunity to try this remedy. It has been noticed that oats are not so much attacked as wheat; and barley and rye are even less so, therefore, when land is found to be badly infested with wireworms, it will be advisable to sow other crops than wheat. Cutworms ik Graix. — In the middle of July the ' Nor'- West Farmer ' referred to the Division several complaints of injury to wheut crops by cutworms (Plate I, fig. 1), and specimens were received from Manitonas, Man. These proved to be the Red- backed Cutwonn (Paragrotis oclirogaster, Gn.), which is a very general feeder, but, as a rule, restricts itself in a large measure to the weeds growing in grain crops, instead ci attacking the grain. Occasionally, however, as in the oat crops of Manitoba in 1901, widespread injury was done by this cutworm; and, in 1900, as well as in 1901, several undoubted instances were reported of its attacking wheat. This bad habit, however, mtist be considered exceptional; and it is particularly to low vegetables and mot crops that the Red-baclvcd Cutworm does harm. The Glassy Cutworm {Uadena devastairix, Brace), a greenish white caterpillar with a red head, which works beneath the ground, damaged wheat fields seriously in the neighbourhood of Virden, Man. In grain fields it is difficult, as a rule, to appl;v' remedies for cutworms; but, as many of the different kinds assume a mardhing habit as they clear away the food be- IG— 14i 212 EXl'ERlMEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 fore them, it is frequently possible to prevent damage to a large extent by applying poisoned bait in advance of their line of march. The poisoned bran remedy, which gives such remarkably good results against all surface feeding cutworms, is probably the best form of bait. This can be scattered lightly through the grain near the spots where the caterpillars are numerous, and the small particles of bran will be found by the cutworms, which eat this material with avidity. For the Glassy Cutworm, which feeds almost entirely underground, this remedy would be of little avail, and the best means of combating this insect is to keep the land to be used for small grain crops the fol- lowing year as free as possible from long grass and weeds in the autumn before. Prai- rie or sod land which is to be broken for seeding the next year should be fed off as late as possible or mowed before breaking. In this way the female moths will not be attracted to the tall vegetation on such land when laying their eggs. Grasshoppers. — I visited the districts in Central Manitoba lying between Trees- bank and Douglas in the middle of July, and saw no traces of injury by locusts. Mr. N. Criddle, of Aweme, writes under date of November 1 : ' As was anticipated, locusts did not hatch out in sufficient numbers to cause any loss to farmers in this district. A few reports of their being unduly numerous were heard in the spring from places south-east of here ; but, as far as I can learn, very little, if any, damage was done. The gradual disappearance of these troublesome pests seems .to have been brought about chiefly by the multiplication of their well known parasites, mention of which was made in my last year's report.' The kinds of grasshoppers which have been devastating the crops in Central Mani- toba for the last four years are the Kocky Mountain Locust (Melanoplus spretus, Uhler), the Lesser Migratory Locust {M. atlanis, Eiley), and Packard's Locust (M. ■paclcardii, Scud.). The two parasites referred to by Mr. Criddle are two blister beetles, Epicauta sericans, Lee., and Epicauta pennsylvanica, DeG., as well as two or three kinds of Tachina flies. In some of the dry regions of British Columbia another species of locust, Cam- nuJa peUucida, Scud., appeared in a few places, and did a good deal of harm on the ranges. Mr. George Packham, of the Plateau ranch, Okanagan Mission, writes on June 25 : ' Grasshoppers ere coming out in thousands again this yeai*. Last year they destroyed most of the crops and damaged the young orchards considerably. Is there nothing that can be done to check them ? Is there not a fungous disease that the Australian government supplies to settlers? If so, could not our government supply it to us at cost price? It is important that we get it immediately, or we shall lose acres of vegetables and thousands of young trees.' In view of the great success which had been obtained by Mr. Criddle in controlling vast hordes of grasshoppers in Mani- toba in a practical way with the Criddle mixture, I recommended Mr. Packham to try that mixture in the Okanagan country. It has been noticed that the Pellucid Locust, which was the species there prevalent, has the habit of occurring in dense swarms in rather restricted localities, and therefore gives a good opportunity for the application of poison. The Criddle mixture, for convenience, is made in quantities of half a barrel at a time. It consists of fresh horse droppings 100 parts, Paris green 1 part (=1 pound), and salt 2 pounds, dissolved in half a pail of water, and the whole mixed together. In this connection, Mr. Criddle says: 'We usually measure witli a three-gallon patent pail, because it is more convenient to farmers than to weigh the material. Five pails we calculate approximately equal lOO parts of horse droppings, and each part equals in bulk one pound of Paris green. The great drawback in using weights is that horse droppings are not always of the same weight.' The propagation and wholesale cultivation of the fungous disease for the destruc- tion of grasshoppers of all kinds, which is mentioned by Mr. Packham and has been inquired about from time to time by many other correspondents, I regret to say, has not proved to be, on the whole, of much service in fighting outbreaks of injurious locusts. REPORT OF TUi: EXTOilOLOGJ ."ST AXU BOTAMST 213 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ^ For a short period, and in restricted localities, with all conditions favourable, good results have occasionally been obtained; but the difficulty of preserving, the spores alive and using them when required, has been so great that all entomologists who have experi- mented with the fungus have, after a short time, relinquished the effort in favour of other methods not so dependent for their most effective use on climatic conditions. Hopper dozers and other mechanical contrivances have proved of much service ; but the best results have followed agricultural methods of control, such as the early plough- ing down of all stubble lands, in which by preference the eggs are laid, before the young emerge in spring or have grown to such a size as to be able to save themselves by hopping or flying, so as to avoid being ploughed down and buried. The Hessian Fly (Cecidomyia destructor, Say.). — Injury by this destructive enemy of the wheat crop lias been slight this year. Most reports merely refer to its absence. Last year specimens were found as far west as Indian Head, N.W.T. In Manitoba it has done less harm by far than in 1903. Mr. Norman Criddle, who has been on the lookout for it, says : ' The only report of this insect comes from ^Mr. Cooper, of Treesbank, who states that quite a number of pup-iria were to be found on his stubble fields this autumn f.nd that he estimated the damage on his farm at about 'half a bushel to the acre. Elsewhere in the province, it is just possible that this insect may have escaped notice on account of the damage done by rust. There was no appearance of Hessian Fly here at Aweme.' Prof. F. M. Webster, who is making a special study of wheat insects in the United States, writes at the end of this season : ' I found Hessian Fly in large quantities in North Dakota, quite as bad as in many places further south. You will be interested in hearing that from a lot of stubble collected west of Fargo, I have not reared a single adult this autumn; but from stubble collected at Lincoln. Nebraska, we get plenty of adults, showing that there must be a dropping out of the fall brood somewhere between these two localities.' This observation confirms the opinion that there is only one brood of the Hessian Fly each year in our western wheat fields. I^his is an important fact, as indicating a proper remedy, and shows the value of cutting wheat high and then burning over the stubble before the time when the flies emerge in spring. In the Ontario November' Crop Returns we find : ' The crop suffered much less than in recent years from Hes- sian Fly and other insects;' and 'in the new fall wheat little injury was complained of, compared with the ravages of this pest during the past three or foiir years.' In Prince Edward Island, where the Hessian Fly is always present to some extent, little harm was done, but specimens of infested straws were received from Mr. A. M. Mc- Millan, of Eldon, P.E.L Wheat-stem Sawfly [Cephus pygmwus, L. (?)]. — The intermittent manner in which this insect attacks wheat in the North-west was again demonstrated this year. T^ was not reported from any of the localities where it did harm during the past two years. The only place where a crop was injured conspicuously was at North Portal, Assa. Mr. George Harris writes under date August 24 : 'I send samples of wheat injured by a small white worm. The attack is worst on the edges of fields, but is pro- sent all through the grain. Where the plants stand thick, you can cut with a binder; but where thin, the wheat falls down and there are patches three and four feet square, which are quite flat.' The worm which causes this breaking of the straw is the larva of a slender black four-winged sawfly, about one- third of an inch in length, banded and spotted with yellow. The eggs are inserted into the straw by the females near the top of the stem ; and the grub on hatching eats its way down to the root, near which it passes the winter in a cocoon spun inside the stem, but above which it has first gnawed almost through the walls of the straw, so that about har^-est time injured stems fall over easily and break off, leaving the grub inside the stubble, where it remains, and about June of the following year turns first to a pupa and then to the perfect fly. Burning over 214 EXPERIIIENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 stubble fields and ploughing down all land left for summer-fallow early, so that tha co'joons may be destroyed by the burning or buried so deeply that the flies cannot emerge, are the remedies recommended. The Grain Aphis (Nectarophora granaria, Kirby). — It is probable that two or three species of plant-lice have been spoken of collectively by correspondents under the name of the Grain Aphis, as there is a remarkable difference in the appearance and colour of many of the plant-lice described in tlieir letters, and very few send in speci- mens of what they consider a so well known insect. The grain plant-lice were more complained of this year in the West than any other enemies of cereal crops. They were exceedingly abundant in many places, and did some harm by sapping the stem and grain and caiising shrunken wheat. Specimens were sent from New Brunswick by Mr. W. H. Moore, of Scotch Lake, and reports of unusual abundance were received from several places in Ontario. Nevertheless, there was little appreciable injury to grain crops in the East. In Manitoba and the North-west grain plant-lice were in places so abundant as to cause a good deal of anxiety. Mr. T. N. Willing, the Chief Territorial Weed Inspector, of Regina, reports that the Grain Aphis was very plentiful at some points, particularly north of Wapella, N.W.T. ' They were so abundant on Mr. F. Carr Dufton's farm, Wapella, and that of Mr. W. M. Gordon, HazelclifEe, that the binder was actually stopped by reason of the canvas slipping on the rollers, from the slipperiness caused by the crushed plant-lice, and these were cleared off from the plat- form by the shovelful.'— T. N. Willing. ' ' Pilot Mound, Man., Aug. 17. — I send wheat heads attacked by the Grain Aphis. I have a large acreage in which the grain is infested; but the only harm I can see that they do so far is to delay ripening. In walking only a short distance into the standing grain my clothing became covered with these insects.' ' Aug. 2S. — The plant-lice which were so abundant when I last wrote, soon after- wards suddenly disappeared. They got wings about August 18 and flew away, I hope, never to return.'— Phil. W. Robinson. 'Winnipeg, Man., Sept. 6. — We send sample of wheat received from a farmer at ' Wawanesa, Man. Yon will notice that it is affected by a small insect which is work- ing on the head. The farmer writes : " The heads of the wheat are covered with a small insect of a green and black colour, which seems to be a bad pest. The heads of the wheat are covered with them and there must be millions in a single field. They seem to be sucking out the juice of the straw and the berry.' — ^W. J. Black, Editor Farmers' Advocate. 'Torkton District, Assa. (30.25.2.W. of 2nd), Sept. 13.— There was an insect on the grain this year which, had it come sooner, would have done a great deal of dam- age. There are millions of them on the oats, and I understand they are on the wheat also. They cluster around the kernel.' — A. C. Gibson. So far, no treatment has been discovered for controlling plant-lice on grain crops; but fortunately, they very seldom affect the output to any considerable extent; for an excessive occurrence of these insects is invariably attended by a correspondingly abun- dant development of parasites which feed upon them. The Wheat Midge (Diplosis iritici, Kirby). — It is many years since any notice- able loss from the larvte of the Wheat Midge, usually called ' The Weevil ' by farmers and millers, has taken plaae. Fifteen years ago the injury through the country was enormous, but suddenly, about 1889, the insect practically disappeared from our wheat fields. In 1898 a rather severe outbreak — the loss amounting to about 25 per cent of the crop — appeared as suddenly in the Niagara Peninsula, particularly along the lake shore in the county of Lincoln. Nothing has been heard of the Wlieat Midge since that time, there or elsewhere, until the past summer, when specimens were sent from the fertile Chilliwack district of the Eraser River valley, in British Columbia. Mr. J. R. Anderson, in his report on the crops of the year, says ; ' The Wheat Midge REPORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 215 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 (Diplosis tritici, Kirby) made its appearance at Chilliwack, but does not seem to Have shown itself elsewhere. Where noticed, the infested wheat was destroyed by fire/ Specimens of wheat heads more heavily infested than any I have ever seen, were received from Mr. Henry Kipp, ef Chilliwack. ' Chilliwack, July 27. — I enclose heads of wheat infested by a small red maggot. There were a few last year, but this year my field is ruined. Please let me know what it is, and send a remedy if there is any. I believe there are hundreds of acres more or less injured by this insect. You will be doing the farmers of this district a great favour if you publish a remedy for it so that we may be ready to protect ourselves an- other year.' — R. Roberts. ' ChilHwack, July 28. — I enclose heads of wheat infested with a little red insect, which is attacking all the wheat crops here. Is there any remedy ? I suppose not, as the wheat is so far advanced and is just beginning to ripen. I hear rumours of barley being attacked. So far, oats and peas are not.. I see under the microscope this little insect resembles a minute worm. Most people, including myself, are going to cut the wheat green.' — G. Maxwell Stuart. ' Chilliwack, Nov. 24.— As far as I can hear, wheat was damaged by the Wlieat Midge more or less all over the lower Fraser valley; the extent of the injury varied according to locality and to the state the wheat was in when the Midge attacked it. On the whole, the average would be, I think, less than one-third of me crop for the turn out. I heard of one farmer who only got 10 sacks of wheat off 10 acres; another got 25 bushels off five acres; he estimated the crop, before the Midge attacked it, at at least 20 bushels to the acre. On the other hand, Mr. Evans, of Sumas, had his wheat in very early; and it was not injured at all. I suppose the wheat had got too hard for the Midge; and for the same reason the fall wheat here was not hurt at all. I do not put in much wheat, my land being better suited for clover and peas; but off two acres which looked very well before the Midge came, I got only about two sacks. A good many cut their wheat for hay as soon as they knew it was attacked. Do you think this insect is likely to occur again next year ? It would be a useful hint to farmers if you could include in your report a suggestion as to whether it would be wise to sow much wheat or not.' — CI. Maxwell Stuart. As to sowing spring wheat next year in the Chilliwack valley, it would certainly be wiser not to do so, but to use the land for some other crop such as oats or barley, which are not attacked by the Wheat Midge. It is, of course, possible that the Midge may not be abundant next year ; but it is much more likely to be present in some num- bers, which would make it unwise to grow wheat when the land can be used for so many other valuable crops. ' Chilliwack, November 28. — Re losses from Wheat Midge in this valley, I may say they were even more serious than I first thought. After attending a number of threshings, I am sure fully half of the wheat crop was destroyed by it; there would be found several bushels of the grub underneath the machine after it had worked one or two hours. But a few like myself cut their wheat and made hay when the insect was found to be bad ; but I may say the loss was not felt as bad here as it would have been in a wheat-growing district ; for the farmers here only grow wheat for feed, and only a comparatively small acreage is annually sown to wheat ; so the loss, although considerable, will not be felt very m.uch, and the chickens will have to eat something else. I notice an increase in the acreage of fall wheat sown this fall ; for, strange to say, the insect does no harm to fall wheat, and a few fields of very early spring wheat escaped the Midge. I have just rubbed out a few heads of the wheat which I cut for hay, and find the grub still there, with no change, as far as I can see, since I first noticed it.' — ^R. Roberts. All the samples of infested wheat received were remarkable for the enormous numbers of the larva; clustered round the grains in each floret; and, although few farmers reported injury by the Midge, this was without doubt great where the insect 216 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1i^'j6 oecnrred. Immediately on receipt of the samples an article was prepared for the Province newspaper of Vancouver, B.C., in which the insect was described and the best steps to take were mentioned, so that as much as possible loss might be minimized in the future. The Wheat Midge possibly attacks some grasses, but has never been detected, as suggest-ed above, on barley nor upon oats and peas. The Wheat Midge and its attack are thus described in my report for 1888, page 49, which I reprint here, as I have nothing further to add to it in the way of useful information : — ' The Wheat Midge is more widely known in Canada under the inaccurate desig- nation of ' Weevil,' a term which must be discouraged, because it belongs to another class of insects altogether. The weevils are hard-shelled beetles, with elongated snouts, while the Wheat Midge in its larval stage is a legless maggot, and, when in the per- fect state, a delicate gnat-like creature with gauzy wings. The life history of the Wheat Midge, as at present understood, is as follows: — During the month of June, just when wheat is in blossom, tiny yellow midges with black eyes and yellow bodies may be seen flying over the fields, particularly on dull days or towards evening. Large numbers of the same midges may also be . seen in houses as soon as the lamps are lighted. These are the Wheat Midge and the parents of the Bed Maggot of wheat. ' The body of the female fly is prolonged into a long slender tube which can be extended or drawn in at pleasure. With this tube, which is called the ovipositor, she pushes her minute eggs down between the chaff of the green wheat ear. In about a week these eggs hatch into small transparent yellowish maggots, which at once attack the forming grain. Gnawing throixgh the outer skin of the kernel of wheat, they extract its juices and prevent it from filling out properly. As tiese larvae grow older, they gradually become darker in colour until they acquire the tint which has given them the name they are best known by in England, " the Eed Maggot of the wheat." Grain injured by the Midge has a characteristic shrivelled appearance, known amongst millers as " fly struck." There are^sometimes four or five maggots to each grain in an ear.* As soon as the maggots are full grown they either work their way up between the scales of chaff and fall to the ground, or remain in the ears until the crop is car- ried. Those which fall to the ground — and these are by far the most numerous — penetrate about an. inch beneath the surface, where they spin a small cocoon of exceed- ing thinness, which fits so closely to their bodies that it is sometimes thought to be only the skin hardened, in the same manner as takes place in the case of many other flies when they pass through their pupal or quiet state. It was generally supposed that the perfect flies from these pupte did not appear until June in the following year. This, however, is not always the case, for, on a warm, damp evening in August, and again in the beginning of September, 1SS8, large numbers flew into my study and were killed at the lamp. Prof. F. M. Webster, a- special agent of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, on one occasion bred considerable numbers of perfect Midges in the month of July, from heads oi wheat which had been badly attacked by the red maggots during the previous month; and, off and on, during the rest of the summer until ^NovemlxT. he caught the perfect insects at large. In the report of the United States Entomologist for 1884 the same obser\-er records as follows : — " From September 4 to 15, I not only found larvae in considerable abundance under the sheaths of volun- teer wheat, but adults too in the same situation, and also on the outside of the plant or hovering above the upper leaves. From a quantity of this wheat placed in a breed- ing cage, on September 7, appeared three or four adults." Not only, then, did these maggots of June produce perfect flies that same summer, but there was a second brood ■which had time to lay eggs in the young fall wheat. That this insect has a double life history, living both in the ears and later in the season in the shoots of young ♦There were from 10 to 15 in almost every instance with each grain in the heads sent froi British Columbia this year. REPORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTAMST 217 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 wheat plants, is an important discovery made by Prof. Webster, and suggests another means of checking its ravages.' Remedies. — The remedies for the Wheat Midge, as for all other insects which attack crops, depend largely upon its habits and the way in which it passes the winter. Tho-^e methods which have given the best results are as follows : — 1. Deep ploughing directly the crop is carried, so as to bury the larvae so deep that the flies cannot work their way out through the soil. 2. The burning of all chaff, dust and rubbish known as ' screenings ' or ' tailings ' from beneath the threshing machines, as these contain many of the larvaj which are carried with the crop. If fed to chickens or domestic animals, this should be done in a place where none of the puparia can escape destruction. 3. Clean farming, including the cutting of all grasses along the edges of iields and the ploughing down of all volunteer crops found in wheat fields before winter sets in, so as to destroy an autumn brood where one exists. 4. The cultivation of such varieties of wheat as experience has shown are least affected by this insect. There is a great difference in kinds of wheat in this respect, and from time to time so-called 'midge-proof varieties have been introduced, but it is probable that there is no truly midge-proof variety of wheat as yet known. The Pea Weevil (Bruchus pisorum, Linn.). — The satisfactory state of affairs referred to in my last years report as to the sudden and remarkable decrease in the numbers of this pest has continued, and, even to a greater degree, during the summer of 1904. This sudden cessation of activity on the part of such a persistent enemy can- not be accounted for by any one cause; but it must be claimed to be due, to some extent at any rate, to the pei-sistent work which has been done by entomologists in stirring up farmers to greater care in treating their seed pease before sowing them, and in harvesting and treating the crop as soon as possible after it is ripe. Many farmers, for fear of loss from the depredations of the Pea Weevil, gave up growing peas altogether during the last two seasons. In 1903 the numbers of the Pea Weevil were perceptibly reduced, but no natural parasites such as frequently bring down the nnmbfirs of other insects when they increase unduly, could be detected to account for this. The winter of 1903-4 was more severe, both from its duration and the inten- sity of the cold than has been experienced for many years. There is no doubt that the cold weatlier destroyed many of the weevilsi which had emerged in the autumn and were hibernating around barns and buildings. It is probable, too, that many of those still remaining in the seeds through the winter wore also killed by the cold. In some rather extensive experiments carried on during two or three years to decide whether there was any exact limit to the low temperature which could be borne with impunity by the Pea Weevil, I found that beetles exposed inside tl)e pease, botli with the skin of the pea intact or with the cell cap pushed off, were killed at between 18 to 20 degrees below zero, Fahr. On several occasions during last winter the thermo- meter dropped lower than 20 degrees below zero, Fahr., in those districts of Ontario where the best seed pease are grown. Mr. Geo. E. Fisher, a practical farmer and care- ful observer of insect life, writing from Burlington, Ont., on September 29, says : * The pea crop here is now being threshed. It is a good crop and characterized by the entire absence of bugs. This substantiates my contention that cold weather settles the Pea Bug. I believe there will be a large acreage put in to peas next yeai*.' Prof. C. C James, in his November crop report for Ontario, says : 'The round or common field-pea has not been widely sown during the past three or four years owing to the weevil or " bug." The yield and general quality of pease this season, how- ever, will do much to restore confidence in the growing of this crop. The injury from weevil was comparatively slight, and a larger area of peas may be looked for next year.' 218 EXI'HRLUEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Mr. J. D. Evans, President of the Entomological Society cf Ontario, who has made inquiries for me in Prince Edward county, one of the most important districts ir Canada for the production of first-class seed and pease, writes on November 11 : ' The Pea Weevil was not destructive at all this year ; in fact, it seems to have entirely dis- appeared. There were none found at Picton, Bloomfield, Wellington, Trenton or Frankford. Mr. Cooper, of Bloomfield, and Mr. W. P. Niles, of Wellingtion, both well known to you as first-class mien, report its apparent disappearance in the above- mentioned localities.' I draw special attention to the great diminution in the numbers of the Pea Weevil at the present time, in the hope of inducing growers to avail themselves of this exceptional opportunity of pressing home their advantage now when the infestation is so slight, and when, therefore, every insect killed is of much greater importance in the conflict than when Pea Weevils are occurring in the incredible numbers in which they existed in Canada only three years ago. I again repeat that I can see no reason why the Pea Weevil should not be entirely wiped out in Ontario. There are special features about the attack of this insect which render its con- trol a simpler matter than is usually the case with injuries of an equal magnitude. The Pea Weevil is not a native of Xorth America, and has no other known food plant than the cultivated pea, which, being an exotic plant, will not live over the winter in our climate if seed is left in the open field; consequently, every seed sown for the pea crop of the year must, before it is sown, have been under the control of some one by whom it could have been treated before sowing to destroy the contained weevil if it had one. Fumigation with bisulphide of carbon is a certain, effective, easy and cheap remedy, which is welP known and can be applied by any one. If all growers of pease, will combine to do this this year, when on account of the cool season of 1904, it is not likely that many of the weevils have left the seed, by far the greater number of the Pea Weevils now remaining in the country can be destroyed before another season cpens. This, however, alone will not be sufficient. The knowledge of the life history of the insect must be made much more widely known to farmers than is the case ; for, notwithstanding all that has l^een written on the subject and the attention which has been given to it at farmers' institute meetings, I have received during the past season a great many inquiries as to the best means of treating pease before sowing; and fur- ther steps must be taken at the proper time of the year to spread more widely a gene- ral knowledge of the subject, so that those growing seed and sowing pease, may under- stand the reason why certain steps are advised. My recommendations are : 1. That all pea.se for seed should be treated before they are sown, whether the weevil is thought to be present or not, and that seeding should be as early as can be, so as to get the crop ripe and ready for treatment at the earliest possible season. 2. That pea-growers should harvest their pease ks much on the green side as is safe, rather than, as is usually done, waiting until they are dead ripe. This has many advantages; not only is the straw of much higher quality for feed, but the seed is heavier and better for every purpose. The pease should be threshed as soon as dry enough, and then fumigated at once. The weevils will not have completed their growtli and will have destroyed a smaller proportion of the bulk of the seeds than if they were left until later in the winter. It is certain that weevils in all stages of growth may be killed inside the pease by fumigating with bisulphide of carbon. Consequently, if growers will sow early and harvest and thresh a little earlier than usual, and either themselves treat their seed immediately or sell to the grain buyers, who for their own sakes will do this, much good must surely result. When for any reason pease cannot be treated at once or disposed of, they should be bagged up and the sacks tied up imme- diately so as to prevent the escape of any weevils which might emerge in the autumn. When the grain is required for feeding, and therefore it is thought not necessary to fumigate, pease should be ground as soon as they are dry enough; and, for the con- venience of. grinding and to prevent the meal from becoming musty, some old pease should be mixed with the new before passing them through the grain grinder. REPORT OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 219 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 3. That everybody who understands the ^avity of this question should use every endeavour 'to persuade all growers of pease to abstain from sowing any pease which contain living weevils, and, when purchasing seed, to refuse determinedly to buy any without an assurance from the seed merchant that they have been treated, and, even with this assurance, to examine for themselves to see that any contained weevils are really dead. There are two points which should always be remembered by those who purchass pease for sowing. Seeds which have been injured by weevil are so much reduced in vitality and producing power that they are only worth about one-quarter re much as sound seed, and also, that treatnient with bisulphide of carbon in no way injures the pease, whether they are to be used for seed or to be fed to stock. FIELD CROPS. The irregular nature of the weather during the summer months of 1904, which has already been referred to under cereal crops, was manifested even more plainly by its eilects upon fodder crops. Good hay crops were the exception, perhaps the best being secured in western Quebec and central and northern Ontario. Com was nowhere heavy nor well developed. Complaints of poor seed were frequent; but it is possible that some of the disappointment was due rather to weather conditions than to lack of quality in the seed. Late spring frosts did some injury, and early frosts in autumn reduced very much the weight of ensilage corn per acre. The Ontario returns sum up the crop as follows : — ' Com for the silo is described by some as being of inferior quality, while many others claim that it will be good or of fair quality. Taken alto- gether, however, it has been a decidedly poor year for corn.' In the Maritime Pro- vinces and Quebec some injury was done by cutworms, necessitating replanting and a consequent retarding of the crop, so that it was caught by frost in the autumn. The drought which prevailed from the Temiscouata district in Quebec to the sea coast reduced enormously hay crops, which up till the first of June were apparently in a flourishing condition. Writing of the climatic conditions in Prince Edward Island, the Rev. Father Burke says : — ' The season opened with much promise, and there was more soil moisture than we have had for several years. The weather was warm and genial, and the opportunity for getting the crop in was unexcelled. Towards the end of June, however, the complete absence of rain began to be felt, and, as almost every day we had high winds from the south-west, growing crops became a greater concern to farmers. We had merely a few insignificant showers till away on to the last of Sep- tember, so that grass and all forage crops were seriously affected. Hay was not half a crop, and grain in land not particularly rich in humus very poor indeed. We are exceedingly short of fodder, and the government is importing hay from Quebec to pre- vent the wholesale slaughter of cattle.' A much brighter report comes from British Columbia, notwithstanding that large areas were affected by drought. Mr. J. R. Anderson reports grasses and clovers as giving ' good yields tliroughout the province, and on account of favourable weather hay was mostly well cured. Red clover, alfalfa, sainfoin and alsike in different loca- lities gave some surprisingly large yields on irrigated lands, as much as three crops being cut in places. Timothy is largely grown, but its production is discouraged, as other grasses are preferable for pasture.' Insect enemies of these crops were not complained of to any large extent ; but this cannot be taken to mean that no injury was done. Enormous losses may be sustained in hay and fodder crops without farmers noticing the fact. Then, again, some losses have become so much a matter of every year occurrence that no mention is made of them in reports. This is particularly the case with the Cloveu-seed Midge, to which I 220 EXrERlMEyiAL FAKMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 have drawn attention very froqueutly. The annual loss at the present time is enor- mous, and yet, if those who grow clover seed practise the simple remedy of feeding off or mowing the first crop before June 20, the results are always so satisfactory tliat I cannot vuiderstand why the practice is not more generally adopted. Mr. G. H. Clark, Chief of the Seed Division of the Department of Agriculture, ■who has exceptional opportunities of learning the condition of crops throughout the country, writes to me as follows : — ' Ottawa, 'Nov. 30. — Referring to your inquiry about the condition of the clover seed crop for 1904, I have to say that our instructor in seed-growing for the province of Ontario has reported that, on account of the severe winter, the crops of alsike and red clover in June and later months appeared patchy, and, in consequence, a much smaller area was left for seed crop than in previous years. Mr. Newman also inspected fields of red clover that had been left for seed in nearly all of the districts where red clover seed is extensively grown, and found in practically every county that the crops liad been badly injured by the midge. These conditions, together with the unfavour- able weather for ripening the seed, would indicate that the clover seed crop of 1904 will fall considerably below the average.' Further efforts will be made next season to draw the attention of the clover seed growers to this important matter; and it is to be hoped that a reduction may be made in the great amount of loss which is now taking place every year. Letters appeared in the newspapers last year at the end of June, advising the best steps to take and a few farmers followed them; but the result of the clover seed harvest of this year is very unsatisfactory. The plants in many places suffered from the severity of last winter, and there was a great deal of' winter-killed clover in spring. AlsAke seems to have suffered even more than red and mammoth clovers, and red clover in all partis of the province of Ontario was injured by the midge. In travelling over part of New Brunswick and in the Annapolis valley of Nova Scotia in June last, I found red clover in almost every section badly attacked by the midge. The Corn Worm (HeUothis arviiger, Hbn.). — From time to time complaints are received from various parts of the country of more or less injury to sweet corn in autumn by the caterpillar of a noctuid moth, which is known by various popular names. It is what Professor Lugger called the Sweet Com Moth, or Tassel Worm, in Minnesota, and is also the same as the notorious southern ' Boll Worm ' of the cotton, to which crop it frequently does great damage and for which it has been found very difficult to find a practical remedy. The name of widest use is the Corn Worm, although its injuries in Canada are not confined to Indian corn, for the caterpillars have also been found boring into the fruit of tomatoes and attacking many other plants. There is but one brood in the year in Canada, the caterpillars occurring in autumn and the moths from these emerging the following summer. The worst injury by this insect in Canadian crops is to the cobs of sweet corn, because the work of the caterpillars renders the ears unsightly and discoloured so as to be unfit for the table. In 1898 there was a bad attack at Orillia, Out., when as much as 95 per cent of the ears of both sweet corn and yellow field com were injured. There were other out- breaks in the same year in western Ontario and at Ottawa. These caterpillars do not appear till late in the season, generally during the months of September and October, when they vaaj be found of all sizes, eating the young grains near the tips of the ears, frequently as many as five or six caterpillars working in the same ear. As they approach full growth, when they are an inch and a half in length, they frequently eat their way out of one ear and attack another one. The only account of injury by the Corn Worm this year comes from Nova Scotia, and is the first record I have had of injury by it in that province. ' Mahone Bay, Sept. 7. — I send you under separate cover specimens of what is to U9 a new pest. It affects garden corn in the way you will see by the portions of seve- REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTAMST 221 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ral ears I am also sending. There are from one to three of the caterpillars in each ear, and, of about 45 ears picked by me, so far only five were free from them. This pest seems quite general here, and at least for eight or ten miles around. One man only, of all I have asked about it, tells me that his corn is not affected. After a while the caterpillars make a round hole through the husk and disappear, I suppose, into the ground, although I have vainly hunted for them in the ground about the corn roots.' — Charles A. Hamilton. The caterpillar is somewhat variable in colour, and is from one and a quarter to one and a half inches in length when full grown. The head is honey yellow, and the body varies in colour from pale greenish to dark brown, and is marked with longitudi- nal dark stripes and with a conspicuous band along the sides w'here the breathing pores are situated. This band is white, mottled with pink. On the body are the ordinary tubercles which are found on noctuid larvae. These are distinct and black, each one bearing a slender bristle. The upper surface is marbled irregularly with white, and the whole surface of the skin has a velvety appearance, owing to numberless very short bristles, which are black and white in about equal numbers. A single specimen, which turned out to be a caterpillar of this moth, was found in a greenhouse late iu the year (October 28). It w^as full grown and buried in the ground on October 31. The jar containing it was kept out of doors for the winter, and the moth emerged on July 8 the following year. This caterpillar was remarkably unlike those occurring on corn the same year, being entirely dark velvety green, without conspicuous markings, and was feeding on the leaves of a scarlet geranium. This moth, however, is by no means a common species in Canada, and nearly all of the specimens I have seen have been taken late in the year. Prof. Lugger states that the insect does not winter in Ivlinnesota, but that all are killed late in the fall. This, he points out, would mean that the insect has to be reintroduced every summer from the south, where it can successfully hibernate. Whether the insect also hibernates as a moth in Canada, I have been unable to decide, but it certainly passes the winter in some instances as a pupa, although the caterpillars vary so much in size late in the year that many of them must be caught by early frost, which destroys their food plant. The moth of this insect is somewhat variable in the intensity of colour, but is usually of a dull pale ochreous yellow, with olive or ruddy markings on the forewings. The yellowish hind wings have a broad blackish band, and are edged with pink. These moths expand a little more than an inch and a half from tip to tip of the opened wings. The caterpillars of the Corn Worm are recorded as having been found on a great many different kinds of plants, including the following crops : Pumpkins, tobacco-, beans and peas; and the full grown caterpillars seem to have a penchant for eating into any solid firm object, such as a fruit or pod of any kind. Remedies. — Unfortunately this is a very diflicult insect to keep in check. When it attacks com, as described above, it is seldom noticed until a considerable amount of harm has been done. Where the caterpillars are troublesome regularly every year, growers, it is claimed, get into the way of recognizing at a glance, ears which are infested, by the discoloration of the silk earlier than is natural in perfect ears. As soon as an infested ear is discovered, the leaves of the husk are pulled back and the caterpillars destroyed by hand. Where, as in Canada, it is only at long intervals that harm is done in any one place, corn growers are taken by surprise, and the injury is done before it is noticed. It is claimed that many of the moths may be taken in lantern traps consisting of a lamp standing in an open pan containing water with a little coal oil on the top of it. Anyone, therefore, who knew the appearance of the insect, upon recognizing the moths in years of great abundance flying around lights at night, might place lantern traps as described above in his crop, and thus prevent future loss; but this insect,'like many others which appear in an intermittent manner, will always be a source of trouble. On fields whc-re a crop of corn is known to have been attacked by the Com Worm, the old stems should be removed from the field as 222 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VI!., A. 1905 60on as the crop is gathered, and the land ploughed deeply in autumn so as to hreak up the cocoons and expose the pupae to the weather and their various enemies among the small birds and mammals. The Black Akmy Worm (Noctua fennica, Tausch.). — This cutworm was found in small numbers at Ottawa, chiefly in gardens and clover fields, but no great harm was done. There was a serious occurrence of the insect at St. Emile de Suffolk, Que. Mr. Elsimere Guerin wrote on May 27 : ' This spring I sowed 13 bushels of peas, which have been destroyed by the caterpillars of which I send you specimens. They are beginning to attack my oats. Oan you tell me what I can sow in place of the peas without loss ? Also, if there is anything I can use to destroy the worms V The samples sent were full grown specimens of the Black Army worm, which is a velvety black caterpillar with red head and legs and is striped down the back and sides with distinct but fine white lines. The dorsal area is sometimes more or less washed with a reddish tinge. There is a distinct white waved stigmatal band, washed with yellow and bearing in the centre an irregular black line. The lower side of the body of tliese caterpillars is a dusky green mottled with white. They become full grown about the end of May, when they burrow into the ground and turn to chrysalids, from which the moths emerge in July. In reply to Mr. Guerin's question, he was advised to leave the pea field and see if the plants did not recover, this having been our expe- rience at Ottawa in 1891, when from a field similarly injured a heavy crop of peas was harvested. Later in the year Mr. Guerin wrote to me that he had reaped a heavy crop of peas from this field. The Cottony Grass Scale (Eriopeltis festucce, Fonsc). — ^In the report of the Entomologist and Botanist for 1895, some account is given of a curious scale insect which has occasionally appeared in vast numbers in pastures and meadows in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. From time to time specimens of the egg-sacks of this scale insect on grass (Plate I., fig. 4) are sent in for information, and apparently the species is not imcommon in the Maritime Provinces. During the past summer I observed small colonies in many places, and Mr. W. H. Harrington tells me that he also found them very abundant near Sydney, C.B. Mr. Charles Myers sent specimens from Lake Verd, P.E.I., with the statement that in many places, both in new meadows and on old sod, almost every blade of grass had one or more of the scales upon it. This insect passes the winter in the egg condition beneath the scales. The young hatch in spring and feed on the leaves and stems of grass. The females become full grown in July, and towards the end of the month lay their eggs in conspicuous elon- gated oval sacks of closely felted downy white threads. As the eggs pass the winter upon the old grass, the burning over of pastures and meadows late in autumn or before growth begins in spring, would be an easy way of destroying this scale, should it at any time multiply so as to become injurious. EOOTS AND VEGETABLES. Both field and garden roots and vegetables have been to some extent affected by weather conditions in spring, and also have suffered considerably from well known enemies, but in most places they picked up well in autumn. Foremost among insect enemies were cutworms, which were extremely abundant and destructive in some parts of the Maritime Provinces; Ontario and the North-west Territories, and also in some places in British Columbia. The Turnip Flea-beetle did a great deal of harm in Nova Scotia, making it necessary sometimes to sow twice and even three times. Turnips REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 223 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 in fields as well as in gardens were much injured by the ordinary Cabbage Root Mag- got. The Onion Maggot was destructive everywhere. Beets and mangels had their leaves somewhat blistered by the mining larvae of the fly Pegomyia hicolor, Wied., re- ports being received both from western Ontario and Nova Scotia; little harm, how- ever, was done, as the attack stopped early in the season. The Turnip Aphis, Cab- bage Aphis and plant-lice upon several other vegetable crops were numerous and de- structive. Potatoes were in most districts a satisfactory crop. The Colorado Potato Beetle was less aggressive than for many years, and no new enemies of prime importance were reported. The Potato Aphis occurred at Mahone Bay, in Nova Scotia, and did some harm ; 'but this is an insect which so far has only appeared at long intervals. The Potato Rot has been rather prevalent and destructive. In Prince Edward Island ' the root crops were good — potatoes never better nor less attacked by pests of any kind.' (Rev. A. E. Burke.) At the Provincial Exhibition held at Charlottetown in i^^eptember last, the exhibit of potatoes was simply wonderful, the tubers being even in size and remai-kably free of blemish. In Nova Scotia the crop was a good average one, with little mention of rot. In Ontario there was a large yield, but considerable rot appeared, especially on heavy soil or on low land; the extent of the loss is var- iously estimated at from 20 to 50 per cent. In British Columbia, Mr. J. R. Anderson says : ' Potatoes are decidedly under the average in those sections where the best qualities are produced ; fair on low lands ; prices firm. The yield of other root crops is about normal, but short in some of the higher regions, although the quality is good.' Spraying potato fields with Bordeaux mixture to prevent injury by the Potato Rot has again shown the great value of this useful remedy. Four sprayings on August 1, 15, 31 and September 14, gave potatoes absolutely free of all traces of disease- This was on light sandy land, and, as a rule, one or two more sprayings would be advisable. The saving from this treatment for Potato Rot is now so well established and so many object lessons have been given at fall exhibitions and on the experimental farms, that it is a most remarkable thing that more farmers and others do not practise such a simple method of saving a large proportion of their crop. Although, as with every ■ uici" remedy, there is a variation in the amount of protection, in every instance that has come under my notice, and these have been many since we began to spray potatoes on the experimental farms, to show farmers what an excellent remedy it is — it has been invariably shown that spraying potatoes with the Bordeaux mixture to prevent Potato Rot always pays. Every year such demonstration plots have been grown since 1891, and, besides this, the Horticulturist and Agriculturist now spray all their potatoes as an economic method of obtaining as big a crop as possible. The Potato Scab, another fungous disease which frequently disfigures and lowers the market value of potatoes very much, was also reduced to a minimum by soaking the tubers used for seed, before sowing, in a solution of 8 ounces of commercial for- malin and 15 gallons of water. Cutworms. — The larvae of several species of noctuid moths known collectively under the name of cutworms (Plate I., fig. 1), as usual, did a large amount of harm in gardens, as well as, in some instances, in fields. By far the greater part of the in- jury was done by the Red-backed Cutworm (Paragrofis ochrogaster, Gn.), which is one of the widest spread and most injurious cutworms we have in Canada, appearing every year in greater or lesser abundance. It is not always possible to determine the species which is reported upon, but in most instances mentioned below actual speci- mens were received: I was informed when in Prince Edward Island recently that, in almost all parts of the Island, cutworms had been most) destructive last spring. Father Burke says : ' They were never more plentiful than last year and did a great deal of damage to all crops. Your poison bran remedy seems dangerous to apply where there are birds, fowls and other domestic animals about.' 224 EXPERUIEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Mr. A. McXeill, Chief of the Fruit Division, Department of Agriculture, writes on July 27 : ' During my last visit to Prince Edward Island, I saw in many places, particularly in Queen's County, most serious depredations by cutworms. Our July crop reports emphasize this and show that the root crops as well as gai-den truck have been almost completely destroyed by cutworms. I trust you will be able to think out some scheme to help farmers get rid of this enemy.' Mr. Saxby Blair, Horticulturist at the Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S., told me, when visiting the farm in June last, that this same cutworm had done a great deal of damage in his vegetable plots and in the flower beds. I advised him to use the poisoned bran remedy, and he now tells me that, as far as the cutworms are concerned, this was most satisfactory in checking them. ' Mahone Bay, N.S., June 28. — I send si)ecimeus of cutworms which are doing damp.ge here. They cut off indiscriminately all kinds of vegetables. One of the speci- mens sent had just finished cutting off a potato stalls nearly lialf an inch in diameter. About ten per cent of my peas were taken, and other vegetables were injured. Some of my neiglibours suffered somewhat more severely. These grubs, I notice, are becoming more common. Last year there were comparatively few, and the year before I saw none. Please tell me the species. I don't need other information as I find cutworms fully treated in your reports.' — C. A. Hamilton. ' Tignish, N.S., June 30. — Cutworms are doing much damage in this part of Cumberland County. In my garden, with the exception of potatoes and sweet corn, they have eaten nearly everything.' — G. E. Stopford. ' Northport, N.S., July 6. — The cutworms I am sending are destroying cabbages, mangels, beans, &c., and are a perfect pest. What can be done to prevent their still growing more plentiful another year and to put a stop to the damage they are doing now ?' — G. Braxder. ' Forest Glen, N.B., July 1. — I send you specimens of grubs which have given us great trouble this spring in our garden. They eat off the bean stalks just as they come above the ground. After they had destroyed a great many of our early beans they attacked black currant and gooseberry bushes.' — J. BLEAKNEYi ' Hartland, N.B., July 4. — I am very much troubled this year with insect pests. Many of my plants are being cut off by grubs, and the trouble is general in this neigh- bourhood. In my garden, only cauliflowei-s and cabbages are attacked; but, with my neighbours, beans and tomato^ are badly destroyed. One man lost half his' bean3. I see that you recommend mixing bran with Paris green and sweetened water, putting a little of this round the plants. Is there any possibility of the plants absorbing enough of the Pari? green so placed to render them unsafe for food ?' — John B.uinett. * Batiscan Station, Que., July 8. — What can I do to destroy grubs that are eating up my onions, cabbages and other vegetables ?' — M. SissoNS. * Trenton, Ont., November 11. — The only instance of serious loss from insect tnemiop during the past season, which has come under my notice, was when I was at Coe Hill about midsumiuier. I learned of the almost total destruction of young cabbage plants early in the season by cutworms.' — John D. Evans. * Calgary, Alta., June 20. — We are sending herewith some cutworms which are destroying all plants they come in contact with.' — Hole & Anderson. * Blaekfalds, Alta., July 8. — Cutworms are very bad here this year. They have even started to eat off stalks of the potatoes.' — E. Dalton Tipping. At Ottawa there was again this year a veritable plague of cutworms. My assistant, Mr. Arthur Gibson, took notes upon some fields which had been treated to save the crops from cutworms ; and his observations confirniied us in the belief that the poisoned bran remedy, which I have advised so widely during the last few years, was on the whole the most satisfactory way of stopping injury by cutworms, and is a practical remedy equally applicable for crops growing in fields as in gardens. Mr. Gibson fcund in a field of tobacco which was being rapidly destroyed, that, by the second da.y after the remedy was applied, the destiniction of the plants stopped entirely, and dead REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTAMST 225 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 or dying cutworms could be found by moving the soil lightly beneath every plant. By actual count, as many as nineteen vpere found under a single plant, and nearly as mrany under several others. This is only one instance of the very remarkable efiFectiveness 01 this remedy. Remedy. — The poisoned bran mash is made by mixing half a pound of Paris green with fifty pounds of slightly moistened bran. In making this, it is best first to dampen some of the bran slightly with water containing a little sugar. After mixing thoroughly, add the Paris green by dusting it on the surface and stirring all the time. We have found that when Paris green is added to perfectly dry bran, owing to its weight, it wiU sinlj at once to the bottom when stirred, in the same way that it does in water. Half a pound of Paris green is enough to poison fifty pounds' of bran,, although double this amount may be used. If the mixture is too wet, more dry bran diould be stirred in until the mixture will cnimble easily and run through the fingers without adhering. When required for garden use, all that is necessary is to sprinkle a little of the poisoned mixture by hand around such plants as are liable to attack. When crops are planted in drills or in rows, a convenient way is to make the mixture almost dry and then distribute it by means of a Planet Junior or other wheel seeder. In field prac- tice, among such close growing) crops as standing grain, which are sometimes in- jured by the Eed-backed Cutworm, the poisoned bran remedy is also serviceable. The mixture can be distributed by means of a paddle or shingle and can be thrown easily to a distance of twenty feet. When distributed in this way, there is much less danger of chickens and birds picking it up than if it is placed in lumps. The question of danger from the use of this poisoned bait is one which must h: considered. It is frequently inquired about by correspondents, and some instances of the poisoning of poultry where it has been used, seemed to be justly attributable to theii- having eaten some of it. As a rule, there is little danger from this cause. The quantity used is so small that it is not noticed by poultry; and then, in gardens, poultry do so much haxm to plants that they should never be admitted, at the time of year when cutv.'orms occur injuriously and only at special times of the year when there are no crops to injure. If, however, there should be a bad infestation by cutworms and there is no means of barring out or driving away the chickens, the owner of the crops must decide whether he will lose his crop or take special means of protecting his chickens. The experience of a great many people who have used this remedy without taking any special precautions, is that injury to domestic animals is extremely rare ; and, although I have been on the watch for any trouble of this sort for many years, I do not know of a single instance when poultry have been poisoned, without doubt by eating poisoned bran put out for cutworms. However, there will be many occasions when plants in gardens may bo protected by putting out the poisoned bran in small heaps and then covering these up with a piece of shingle or some other covering, so tliat the material cannot be got at by stray chickens and other poultry. It has also been asked whether there is any danger of plants absorbing Paris green from this mixture when placed near their roots. In reply to this, it is only necessary to point out that Paris green is practically insoluble and therefore cannot be absorbed by the plant. Root Maggots. — These insects, which every year are a serious tax on market gar- deners, were in 1904 particularly aggressive, and from every province frequent demands were made for a practical remedy. Radishes, cauliflowers, cabbages, turnips, onions, and, in a few instances, beans and sweet com were injured. Only a few years ago there were many districts in the West where root maggots' were unknown; but of late years these have been invaded. Bad infestations are reported by Mr. N. H. Holland, from Norquay, Man., who speaks of his success in growing onions in former years, but now finds that he has this year lost a third of his crop and says that the maggots are get- 16—15 236 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD' VII., A. 1905 ting worse every year. Loss is also reported from Regina, Moosejaw and Calgary, as well as from many places at the coast, in British Columbia. In the Ottawa district these maggots were particularly destructive, and on the Central Experimental Farm Onion Maggots worked actively throughout the season from the middle of June till November, when they were destroying the ripe bulbs. The Radish Maggot was abun- dant in spring, and again in September. Cabbages and cauliflowers which were kept free from these enemies tiU the middle of July, were not afterwards injured. This was probably due to the hardening of the stems and the abundant root growth. Beans planted late and too deep in the soil were moderately attacked, but this is an unusual injury. Only one instance of com being injured came to my notice, and this was from the ssed having lain in the land for a long time and growth being retarded by cold wet weather. Several remedies were experimented with, but no very satisfactory results were obtained, except in the case of plants grown under a light wooden frame covered with cheese cloth, such as was mentioned in my last report. Under these protections, however, radishes and cauliflowers of high quality were grown which were perfectly free from the attaclis of the maggot. Onions were too much drawn up by the shade and did not bulb well. I found that a convenient covering of this nature 8 feet long by 2 feet wide, and 2 feet high, can be made for about 25 cents, the frame being of light one-and-a-half-inch square wood simply nailed together at the corners and with cheese cloth taclced on on the outside. In a frame of these dimensions five cauliflowers and two rows of radishes were grown. The frame was kept on from the time the seeds were sown until the radishes were pulled. Cauliflowers were sufficiently advanced to require no further protection, and the frames were removed about the 1st of August. As a rule, the attack of the root maggots becomes perceptibly less by the first of August; and even late cabbages planted in July are seldom attacked by root maggots. During the season of 1904, the insect in all stages could be lound throughout the season. For plants grown in the open, the best resnlts this year were secured from the fcllowing remedies : — For Onions. — White hellebore dusted along the rows once a week gave compara- tively clean onions, very few being attacked. In years when it is necessary to apply the remedy throughout the season, this would be too expensive to be considered a prac- tical remedy. The Cook carbolic wash, which is very effective for radishes, was less so with onions. Pyrethrum insect powder, Bug Death, Paris green and plaster, used as dry powders, had little effect. Sand saturated with coal oil and Jeyes' Gardeners' Friend, were also tried this year without any decided results in saving onions from attack. For Cabbages. — The remedies which have given the best results for cabbages are : 1. The Goff tar paper disks, which are pieces of ordinary tarred building paper three inches in diameter, with a slit running to the centre so as to allow of their being placed around the stems of the young cabbages at the time of planting. 2. About half a teacupful of a decoction of pyrethrum insect powder, four ounces to a gallon of water, poured around the roots of each plant after drawing away the earth, right down to the rootlets. The earth should then be pushed back again and hilled up round the stem. As a substitute for pyrethrum insect powder, hellebore was tried this year, not only at the Central Experimental Farm, but also by Mr. Saxby Blair, the Horticultur- ist at the Experimental Farm for the Maritime Provinces, at Nappan, N.S.. The re- sults were very satisfactory. Mr. Blair writes : ' The Cabbage Root Maggot gave us considerable trouble last year; but this season their numbers were much greater and they proved very destructive to all the plots of cabbages and cauliflowers except two. These were where hellebore was used. This remedy exceeded all my expectations, and no root maggots could be seen around any of the plants in these two plots ; indeed, they were the only good cabbages out of some 1,500 set out. The powder was mixed with water and applied with a force pump ; I used two ounces to the gallon and four ounces to the gallon, and found the resnlts of the two ounces just as good as where REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 227 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 four were used. I am mucli pleased with this remedy, and, as far as one can judge from a single season, I am inclined to consider this a positive remedy for the root maggot of cabbages.' Hellebore as a remedy for root magots was first recommended to me many years ago, about 1888, by Mr. S. Greenfield, a successful gardener of Ottawa East; and I have found that, as a rule, it is a useful remedy. At Ottawa this year, as in previous years of heavy infestation, it provided considerable protection, but was not as perfect a remedy as Mr. Blair found it at Nappan. For Kadishes. — The Cook carbolic wash, consisting of one quart of soft soap, or one pound of hard soap, in a gallon of water, with half a pint of crude carbolic acid added, and the whole boiled together for a few minutes, to make the stock emulsion, has Tiroved over and over again an excellent remedy for radish maggots. The stock emulsion can be kept in a closed vessel, so that dust and rubbish will not fall into it; and, when required for use, one part of this mixture by measure is added to fifty of water, and should be sprayed directly upon the growing plants from the time they appear above the ground, once a week until ready for the table. Applications of nitrate of soda, kainit and potash whale-oil soap, all of which have been from time to time recommended, proved' to be quite useless at Ottawa. It must still be acknowledged that up to the present time we have not secured ! practical remedy for root maggots on onions. For radishes, which are ready to pull from five to six weeks from the time the seed is sown, the question of protecting L lein is mucli simpler than in the case of onions, which are growing throughout the season. The maggots of the first brood are nearly full grown and very destructive ab'^ut the end of June ; and, in some years, if the plants can be protected from injury up to that time, they are as a rule safe for the rest of the season. There are some features about this attack which make it of interest to the en- tomologist- Some experiments have seemed to indicate the great value of a certain remedy, and then under other conditions this same remedy has proved comparatively useless. For next year extensive experiments have been planned, and special attention will be given to this matter, which is one of great importance, both to the professional and amateur gardener from one end of the country to the other. From the. limited ex- perience we have had with the cheesd-cloth coverings, I have no hesitation in recom- mending these to amateur gardeners, however small their gardens may be, as a sure means of obtaining perfectly clean, as well as early, radishes and cauliflowers of the very best quality, at a comparatively light expense. The Green Blister Beetle (Cantharis cyanipennis. Say). — Several kinds of blis- ter beetles occasionally attack cultivated crops, and, unless driven off or poisoned, do much harm in an incredibly short time. Although in the larval state they are predaceous parasites feeding on the eggs of locusts, in the perfect condition they feed voraciously on vegetation. The Green Blister Beetle has not been previously sent in as a crop pest, but on June 15 last Mr. Richard Coates wrote from Cowley, Alta.: — 'Enclosed you will find some insects which have come in numbers to my garden this year. They stay ria-ht with the beans and peas and soon destroy them.' These beetles are long narrow insects, sometimes nearly an inch in length, of a most beautiful deep blue-green colour, which alight in large numbers and tlien m.ay be noticed crawling quickly over the plants they are attacking and rapidly devouring the foliage. I have collected this species on the wild American vetch, at several places in western Assiniboia and southern Alberta. • Cabbage and Turxip Aphis (Aphis 'brassicos, L.). — Reports of injury by tlis plant-louse have again this year been received from many and very distant localities. On the whole, however, I do not think it has been quite as destructive as usual. 16— 15i 228 EXI'i:i:iMEMAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ' Victoria, B.C., November 1. — Aphides of various kinds were in evidence. Swed- ish turnips and cabbages suffered severely from their ravages.' — J. R. Anderson. ' Cowley, Alta.; October 19. — My vegetable garden is covered this year with a gray- ish-green insect, something like the green fly that attacks house plants. They began on the turnip tops, but now the Brussels sproiits are so covered that I cannot use them, and I can only use the large heads of cabbage which are too firm for them to get in- side the leaves. Most of the cauliflowers were unfit for use from the same cause.'— F. W. GODSAL. ' Depot Harbor, Out., September 12. — I send you samples of insects which are destroying my turnips and cabbages. What are they and what is the cure ? ' — .J. F. Pratt. Other Ontario occurrences which came to my notice were of fields moderately in- fested at Whitby and at Ottawa. There were a few reports from Quebec and from Prince Edward Island, and one from Mahone Bay, N-S. The remedies are to watch for the beginning of the infestation when hoeing tur- nips and cabbages, and destroy the colonies either by spraying with kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap, and the destruction or deep ploughing down of all turnip tops or refuse of cabbage beds in autumn, so as to destroy the eggs. Although parasites are generally present in considerable numbers, they have not, as a rule, controlled this species so completely as is the case with many others. On the Ottawa fields, specimens of a parasite were present, which has beeii kindly iden- tified by Dr. Ashmead, through Dr. Howard, as Lipolexis (Aphidius) rapce, Curtis. Dr. Howard says : — ' This is a European species evidently introduced. We have it also from Michigan.' Plant-lice of various kinds were complained of on many kinds of vegetables and root crops during the past season. Dr. C. A- Hamilton, of Mahone Bay, N.S., ha? favoured me with some interesting notes which he has niade from time to time in his locality during the past summer. Potato Aphis (Nectaropho)'a soloiifolii, Ashm.). — Potatoes are not of ten troubled with plant-lice in Canada; but at long intervals outbreaks have been observed on this crop, and such a one occurred last summer at Mahone Bay, which was closely watched by Dr. Hamilton. ' Mahone Bay, June 28. — I send you some aphides from potatoes. These are ap- parently the same species as is now on my salsify and are abundant enough to have appreciably blighted my potato plants.' ' July 10. — There seem to be aphides on almost everything this summer, probably because of the abnormally dry season. Besides those sent, I noticed them to-day on squashes, cucumbers, broad beans, turnips, cabbages, beets and carrots, in fact, on almost everything I looked at.' ' J\jly 14. — The aphis on my potatoes has overnm the whole patch, with the result that the potatoes have stopped growing and look very unhealthy. The blossoms have withered up and fallen, the lower leaves have turned yellow, and many others have turned black, just as if smitten with the blight, and are falling. They occur in im- mense numbers. Their favourite position is upon the peduncles of the flowers, which they cover completely. They are also found in large clusters on the stems and upon the under surface of the leaves. In many colonies there are a few flesh-coloured in- dividuals. * July 15. — In re potato aphis, I to-day examined several plots near the village and found one field with about half the plants which had blossoms fairly well covered with aphis ; other plants also had a few. 'July 16. — The plant-lice on the potatoes are fast diminishing in numbers; but they have left the crop in a sorry condition.' ' August 1. — I send you to-day a last specimen from my potato plot. They have evidently been killed by a fungus. I first noticed its effects about a week ago on on3 REPORT OF TUE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 229 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 corner, and it has since spread over the whole piece. Very few aphides are left alive. Since I last wrote, I noticed larva) of lady-bird beetles and of Syrphus flies; but neither of these nor anything else had much effect in reducing the numbers of the plant-lice until this disease appeared, A month ago my potatoes could not have looked more promising. To-day I tried them, and out of six average hills I got 17 tubers, of which two only were large enough to be marketed.' — C. A. Hamilton. Remedy. — Should this plant-louse again appear in large numbers, infested plants may be freed of them by spraying either with whale-oil soap solution, one pound to six gallons of water, or kerosene emulsion, one to nine. These remedies would also be effective against the Colorado Potato Beetle, the Four-lined Plant Bug, Leaf- hoppers, and probably all other insect pests likely to be found on potatoes. They would not, however, probably be of any use against the Potato Rot fungus for which th'j Bordeaux mixture is such a useful remedy. Aphis on celery, carrots and parsnips (Siphocoryne, sp.). — Dr. Hamilton sent also some aphides which he had found on celery, carrots and parsnips. It is probable that there were only two species concerned, and that both of these occurred on celery. Plant-lice are very difficult insects to send alive by mail, and, when put in alcohol or other preservative fluids, they lose their colour so much that they are not very suitable for study unless the species is well known. I am sorry to say that, notwithstanding /nuch trouble taken by Dr. Hamilton in sending them, the specimens did not arrive in very good coridition. They were, however, referred to Dr. Howard, Chief of the tJnited States Bureau of Entomology, who reports under date July 17 : ' Mr. Pergande has examined your aphides and says that 1 and 2 are species of Siphocoryne, apparently undescribed. The specimens on potato and salsify were rotten, but they appear to bvi Necto.rophom solanifolii.'* The two species of Siphocoryne referred to above were very different in appearance, and there seems to be little doubt that they are different species. The specific description of these, however, will have to be postponed until further material is available. I shall be obliged to any of my correspondents who may at any time find plant-lice on carrots, parsnips or celery, if they will foi^ward them to me for study. Injury to celery and parsnips by plantrlice I have never seen before; but the attack on carrots has come to my notice on two or three occasions previously, and has been one of considerable importance. ' Hahone Bay, June 28. — I send aphides from my celery, some have wings and some are without; but, as I always find them together, I take them to be the same species. The small wingless ones are extremely active, disappearing at a touch to the plant. This is the first time I have seen plant-lice on celery in the throe years I have been raising that crop. Eight or ten days after I set out the young plants I found them swarming with these insects, and my neighbour's plants are the same. What I think are the same kind of plant-louse, I find also on near-by weeds, Chenopodium album and Galeopsis tetrahit. I had some carbolic acid and soap wash made up for root maggots. I gave them two sprayings with this and it cleared them out.' ' July 8. — I send a number of aphides with a few celery leaves, which I hope will reach you alive or at least in good condition for examination. It is very difficult to capture these, but by touching the plants with a piece of cotton batting they jump into it and become entangled. The specimens you ask for are in bottle ISTo. 1. Bottle Ko. 2 contains another kind, I suppose, which are found rather sparsely on the under- side of the leaf. In one of my letters I said that I thought that these insects had been brought here from Halifax on plants obtained by a neighbour. I do not think this now, as I find them infesting the celery of another neighbour who raised his plants from seed and who lives over half a mile from either of us. When first noticed, the insects were very plentiful, the celery was only an inch or an inch and a half high. *Dr. Ashmead's description of this aphis is to be found in ' Canadian Entomologist ', vol. XIV., 1882, p. 92 230 EXPERIME'STAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 but eacli leaflet bore from six to ten aphides. They were scattered promiscuously over tlie plant, not clustered in any way. I sprayed my celery three times at intervals of a few days with the carbolic wash mentioned on page 182 of your 1903 report, with the result that the insects disappeared entirely each time for a day or two, then re- appeared, but in diminished numbers. Close observation to-day shows me that these plant-lice are on the celery bed, on the soil and plants of an adjacent salsify bed, one foot away, as well as a few upon beds of carrots ; and they appear to be feeding on both of these latter plants. I cannot see that they have injured my celery- very much, whatever they might have done, had they been left unchecked ; still, they undoubtedly are feeding upon it, and perhaps the injury does not sho^, because the ground is very rich and the plants are well cared for. No. 2, however, whenever pr^ent, distorts the leaves, and, if present in larger numbers, would, I think, be very injurious.' * July 10. — Aphides from. Salsify : These are increasing very fast, and my plants are getting overrun, but you will notice that some of them are parasitized, having died and turned white. They are bound down to the leaf with a webby material which covers a small grub.' ' July 14. — Whitish fragments of dead aphides lying in abundance upon my car- rot leaves and upon the ground beneath called my attention to them, and I found the new leaves had their petioles swarming with plant-lice. Although very plentiful, they do not yet seem to have done much harm. I find a few species of lady-bird beetles and some other predaceous parasites, of which I send you specimejis. I have been more anxious for you to see these insects, because on looking over your reports I find no reference to either a potato or a carrot aphis.' * July 15. — I find to-day that my parsnips are also infested by aphis. Please notice if these are not the same species as those on carrot; and those on potato look verj much to me like those I sent you some time ago, which were found on salsify.' * July 16. — The dark hopping aphis on celery has disappeared ; but I send you more of the green ones from the underside of the leaves, with as many winged specimens as I can find. They have not been very plentiful on the celery, but seem to me very much like those from the carrots and parsnips. I find lady-bird larvae very plentiful on my carrots to-day, and they are clearing oS the aphides nicely. I have been much interested in watching these pests, and shall be obliged if you can send me the names of them : two from celery, one from parsnips, one from carrots, salsify, cabbage and potatoes.' — C. A. Hamilton. 'Antigonish, N.S., Sept. 7. — My celery has been infested by a green bug. I inclose specimens and should like to know what it is and how to get rid of it.' — Y. H. Beals. As stated above, there is still some doubt as to the exact identity of the species found on celery, carrots- and parsnips. I shall, therefore, be glad to get specimens for further study. The Eed Turxip Beetle (Entomoscelis adonidis. Fab.). — In travelling through Manitoba and the North-west Territories in eTuly last, I saw very few specimens of this beetle, which is sometimes a rather serious pest of cruciferous crops in the West; but some inquiries have been sent in as to its nature and habits. * Edmonton, August 21. — Some gardens here are infested with a beetle somewhat like a lady-bird but bigger, Avhich is bright red with black bars down its back and a spot on the collar, about three-eighths of an inch long by a quarter of an inch wide. This is doing some harm to radishes and turnips. In addition to this, some of the white turnips are terribly diseased this year.' — C. H. Stuart-Wade. The same insect was written about from St. Lazare, Man., by Mr. Louis Worms, who says that the insect had appeared in his district, and had been the cause of a good deal of discussion among fai'mers as to whether or not it was the Colorado Potato Beetle. He speaks of the leaves of turnips being entirely eaten or cut up into rags, and also that a large number of the turnips had rotted. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 231 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Mr. Norman Griddle reports that ' The Eed Turnip Beetle became rather trouble- some last summer to cabbage, radishes, turnips and a few other garden plants. I noticed, too, that it had a preference for radishes in the seedling state. A few of these plants left to go to seed would, I think, make excellent traps for the beetles, and could be sprayed from time to time to destroy those which have gathered there.' The Purple-backed Cabbage Worm [Evergestis (Pionea) straminalis, Hbn.]. — Occasional reports have been received at different times during the past ten years of the presence of short bristly caterpillars attacking cabbages and turnips in the Mari- time Provinces. This injury was for the most part to turnips, and was generally noticed late in the season, the caterpillars congregating on the crowns of the turnips and eating cavities into the roots, as well as consuming the leaves. During the past season this caterpillar seems again to have been somewhat abundant, particularly on Oape Breton Island, whence Mr. E. J. Williams, of Little Bras d'Or, sent specimens, toi^ether with notes on the occurrence. He also reports that in some years whole fields oi eabbage and turnips have been destroyed by these caterpillars. Among the speci- merrs sent by Mr. Williams were a large number of half-grown larvae of the Spotted CutTi^orm (Noctua c-nigrum, L.), which undoubtedly had been responsible for some of the injury described by him in the following note. Writing under date of October 24, he says : — ' I am sending you some of the caterpillars I spoke of. They are very gregarious in their habits; they start under the leaves right on the ground but mine their way up to the head, tunnelling it hollow.' In 1903 Mr. C. H. Young, of Ottawa, made some observations on injuries by this species upon cabbages near Old Chelsea, Quebec, twelve miles from Ottawa. The caterpillars, however, were not very numerous in this instance, and were not noticed to bore into the stems as mentioned above, but lay exposed on the leaves, and only two or three caterpillars were found on a single plant. Pull-grown larva? collected by 'i\rr. Young on July 11 produced moths on August 8. There is little reference to this species in the literature on injurious insects ; but under the name of Pionea eunusalis. Walk., there is an account, with a good figure of the lai-va, by Thaddeus Harris in his Entomological Correspondence, page 322. stating that on October 30 and November 1, 1841, he had found larvse on the leaves of horse- radish! He thus describes the attack : ' They eat large holes out of leaves, leaving finally only the veins untouched- They live beneath the leaves, stretched out by the sides of the midrib. They creep regularly, not haltingly, and move pretty fast. When alarmed or disturbed, they curl quickly and loose their hold and fall to the ground. Pound the same on turnip leaves, October 20, 1844. Their ravages were considerable.' The Purple-backed Cabbage Worm is closely related to tlie Cabbage Pionea {Ever- gestis rimosalis, Gn.), which is a well known pest of the cabbage and turnip. That species, however, does not occur injuriously in Canada. The following is a descrip- tion of the caterpillar, and is made from the specimens sent by Mr. Williams : — Body tapering slightly to each end; length, three-quarters of an inch by one- eighth at the widest part; head, a shield divided into two spots on the second segment, and a small plate at the end of the body, black. The general colour of the back, pur- ple with a brownish tinge, the lower part of the body, pale greenish. The body is marked with the ordinary bristle-bearing tubercles and a rather conspicuous yellow band on each side, where the breathing pores are placed. The six tubercles above the side lines are rather more conspicuous than those below the lines and are of a deeper black. The tubercles are all black, but have white marks at their bases, which form a part of an indistinct network of lines over the whole upper part of the body. These lines are broken up into dots, or seem to be narrow, broken, thread-like longitudinal lines con- necting the tubercles in each series. There is also an equally indistinct line which runs transversely across the middle of each segment, and one in each intersegmental fold, the whole forming an open network composed of two series of very indistinct but perceptible lines running at right angles to each other. The chief character by 232 EXPERIMEl^TAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 which this caterpillar will be recognized from that of the Cabbage Pionea, is that its head is shining black, while that of the last named is yellowisn. The moth of the Purple-backed Cabbage Worm is a very neat little species, which expands seven-eighths of an inch. The upper wings are of a strawy yellow with a eatiny lustre, and are marked rather distinctly with a hearl/shaped discal spot, two distinct transverse waved lines across the centre of the wing, the imier of which runs through the middle of the heart-shaped' spot, and two less distinict lines, one at tlie base and the other close to the apex. There is also a conspicuous dark blotch bearing a white crescent outwardly, towards the apex of the wing. The spaces between the transverse lines, especially on the nervures, are powdered sparsely with brown scales. The lower wings are silvery white, with a clear, broad black margin and a narrow Bubmarginal line inside this. The fringes of the upper wings gray, of secondaries white. The full life history of this insect is not yet known; but it passes the winter as a chrysalis in a closely woven cocoon, to the outside of which many particles of earth arc attached. The moth emerges in the spring, and there are probably two or three broods in the season. FEUIT CROPS. The conditions affecting the value of fruit crops in Canada during the past season are peculiar. The apple crop has not been particularly large in most districts, but was of exceptionally good quality. Early apples were abundant, but the markets were poor and ' thousands of bushels of fall apples remained unpicked or were fed to live stock.' — (Ont. Crop Eep., Nov., 1904.) Winter apples were rather short in quantity and, not- withstanding the quality, the present prices are low, owing to the enormous crop of high quality apples in Europe, which discouraged shipments and kept the fruit in our own markets, glutting them and holding down prices. There was an unusually poor plum crop almost everywhere, except in British Columbia, where it is reported ' pi unig and cherries were up to the average; large quantities were sent to the North-west, and good average returns were realized. Small fruits also gave ajj? growers good returns this year; raspberries were a fair crop, blackberries good, s««*a wherries yielded well, and those shipped to the North-west and Manitoba arrived in excellent condition,.' — J. E. Anderson. The excessive cold of last winter seems to have affected somewhat nearly all of our fruit crops this year. Apples are everywhere reported as rather small in size. Many varieties were severely killed back on the young wood. The same thing, and to a greater degree, is reported of pears; and this fruit was also injured by drought in British Columbia, and Black Spot and Fruit Crack in Ontario. Strawberry plants nearly everywhere suffered from winter-killing. The heaviest loss to fruit-growers from the winter was in the great destruction of the peach orchards in western Ontario, and in the orchards of Northern Spys and Baldwins throughout the country. Grapes were a fair crop, but where not sprayed, were considerably injured by Black Eot (Lcestadia Bidwelli, V. & R.), the Brown Eot (Peronospora viticola, De Bary), and mildew. Injurious insects were fortunately not very aggressive in 1904. There was, of course, as is always the case, a certain amount of damage done by the regularly occurr- ing pests of the orchard, such as Tent Caterpillars, Canlj males, and that there might be no breeding. The cold weather certainly reduced the scale very much indeed, only a small proportion being alive, and these developed slowly; but I find that some have reached maturity, and at the present time trees which kiSt fall had a lot of live scale upon them, have larvae in moderate quantity running on the twigs, some with new white cover scales just formed, and some which have reached the drab-coloured state. From what I saw in this orchard, I take it that breeding began about July 5 this year, or two weeks later than usual.' Although the San Jose Scale has not spread beyond its former limits, there is still a heavy and destructive presence of this insect in the orchards within .the infested area. As misstatements with regard to this matter have frequently appe^Crtd in news- papers and elsewhere, it m-cxy be well to again repeat that the only part of Canada where the San Jose Scale is found is in the Niagara Peninsula and in the counties along the north shore of the western end of Lake Erie. Every care is being exercised by the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture to prevent any fresh importation from out- side countries. The fumigation statioiis at Vancouver, B.C., Winnipeg, Man., Windsor and Niagara Falls, Ont., St. John's, Que., and St. John, N.B., are kept open in charge of competent men, who unpack, fumigate with hydrocyanic acid gas, and promptly repack and send on, all nursery stock which comes into the country. The fumigation with hydrocyaic acid gas, of the strength and for the time the trees are submitted; to it in the government stations, is perfectly certain to kill every scale insect upon Ihem. A rigorous watch has been kept on every kind of nursery stock which could pos- sibly bring in fresh importations of the San Jose Scale; and I have again this year the greatest satisfaction in reporting that no single instance has been brought to my notice of living scales having been detected on trees which had passed through the fumigating houses. The superintendents at all of the stations have done their work carefully and well, and no well-founded complaints have been received from importers, either as to the slight delay which must occur while the stock is being treated, or as to any injury to the trees during the necessary unpacking, handling and repacking. Careful experiments have shown that the formula used at our federal fumigation sta- tions is thoroughly effective in killing the San Jose Scale, and does not in any way injure the stock submitted to the gas. The formula used is one ounce of cyanide of potassium (98 per cent\ one ounce of commercial sulphuric acid (66° Baume), and three ounces of water— exposure, 45 minutes. In addition to the above, the provincial government of Ontario have strictly en- forced an Act compelling nurserymen to fumigate every shnib and tree sent out by them from their nurseries, whether the San Jose Scale had been found in their nur- series or not. These firms have, wisely, acted well up to the letter of the law, and, while complying with the provisions of the Act, by sending out only first-class stock, have sustained their business reputation in the best way possible. The federal fumigation ho;ises are kept open, with a superint-endent constantly in attendance throughout the seasons of spring and autumn shipments of stock. Th-3 fumigation seasons for the various stations are as follows : — Vancouver, B.C. — October 15 till May 1. Winnipeg, Man. — March 15 till May 15, and October 7 till December 7. Windsor, Ont. — March 15 till May 15, and September 26 till December 7. Niagara Falls, Ont. — March 15 till May 15, and September 26 till December 7. St. John's, Que. — March 15 till May 15, and Septembex 26 till December i. St. John, N.B.— ]\rarch 15 till May 15, and October 7 till December 7. The San Jose Scale Act and the amendments which, have from time to time been made, are the result of an effort on the part of the Honourable the Minister of Agri- REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 235 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 culture to help tlie fruit-growers of the Dominion by allowing them to import nursery stock of such new kinds of fruits as from time to time are originated outside of Canada, and which it is claimed by fruit-growers are necessary for the profitable prose- cution of their business, but at the same time, to safeguard their interests in every pos- sible way by taking such precautions as would make it practically impossible for any new infestation of the San Jose Scale to be brought into the country with tlie nursery stock. The whole expense of the different stations is assumed by the Dominion Gov- erjiment; but all shipments are made entirely at the risk of the shippei's or consignees, the government assuming no risk whatever. The packages must be addressed by tho shijjpers so as to enter Canada at one of the above-named ports of entry, and the route by which they are to be shipped must be clearly stated upon each package. Many horticulturists and nurserymen have availed themselves largely of this concession, and at every point much stock has been imported from the United States and Japan. Nursery stock of all kinds can be imported from Europe without fumi- gation, as the San Jose Scale has never gained a foothold in European countries. Certain other plants which are not liable to the attack of the San Jose Scale are also exempted from treatment under the San Jose Scale Act. These are: (1) green- house plants, including roses in leaf which have been propagated under glass; (2) herbaceous perennials, including strawberry plants; (3) herbaceous bedding plants; (4) all conifers; (5) bulbs and tubers; (6) cottonwood (Populus monilifera), grown in Minnesota and the Dakotas. Remedy. — Frequent inquiries are made as to whether there is a practical remedy for the San Jose Scale. I believe that it may now be justly claimed that the lime and sulphur wash made by any of the recogTiized formulae is a reliable remedy for this insect. Orchards which have been carefully treated, are in better condition than they were at this time last year, and have borne during the past summer siatisfactory and profitable crops of fruit. No remedy, however perfect it may be, will give good results unless great care is taken in applying it ; and even with the lime and sulphur wash, it is not claimed that a single application will always give perfect results. Any remedy which does not cost too much for labour and materials, and which will ensure a paying crop, is certainly a practical remedy. All remedies will vary in the degree to which they secure the ends aimed at, and all that is claimed for the lime and sulphur wash for the San Jose Scale, is that up to the present, all things considered, this has proved the best remedy, and is, at any rate, as successful in its results as any known remedy which is used in medicine for controlling the diseases of animals or human beings. Success with any remedial treatment will necessarily always depend on the thorough- ness with which it is carried out. The making of the Lime and Sulphur wash is described with full details in my last report. The Canadian wash is made by mixing lime and sulphur together in the proportion of twice as much lime as sulphur, and boiling these together in an iron kettle for two hours (or not less than one hoiir). The quantity of water added to make up the required amount of wash is largely a matter of convenience in using. When boiled with steam, barrels ma.y be used, and to begin with, should be one-quarter filled with water and th-j steam turned on until the water is boiling; then turn off the steam and put in the lime and sulphur together as quickly as this can be done without making the mixture boil over. When the lime is all slaked, turn oA the steam again, and lea'^e the mixture boil- ing for at least an hour. In Mr. Geo. E. Fisher's outfit, which has been frequently described and has been figured more than once, eight barrels of wash were cooked at once, and he found that with steam at 80 or 90 lbs. pressure, the quarter barrels of water, before the lime and sulphur were turned in, could be brought to a boil in five minutes. Mr. Fisher secured the best results when each gallon of the wash contained one pound of lime and half a pound of sulphur. The Oregon wash consists of lime 15 pounds, sulphur 15 pounds, blue vitriol IJ pounds. Dissolve the lime and sulphur by boiling for one hour, then add the blue 236 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 GDWARD VII., A. 1905 vitriol dissolved in hot water, and boil for fifteen minutes longer; fill up to 50 imperial gallons. The California wash consists of lime 15 pounds, sulphur " 15 pounds, salt 15 pounds, water 50 imperial gallons. The Lime-Sulphur-Soda wash consists of lime 40 pounds, sulphur 20 pounds, caustic soda 5 pounds. In making, the 40 pounds of lime is placed in a barrel, and only enough water is added to make it boil rapidly. While slaking, 20 pounds ground sulphur, which has been made into a thin paste, is stirred in thoroughly; the five pounds of caustic soda dissolved in hot water is then poured in, with more water as needed, and the whole is kept stirred thoroughly all the time. As soon as all chemical action ceases, as shown by the absence of bubbling in the mixture, add hot water up to 60 gallons, and the wash is ready for use. The whole time necessary is twent(7 minutes. Dr. E. P. Felt, the State Entomologist of Xew York State, has made a further modification in this formula, by which he substitutes ordinary wasliing soda for caustic soda and has secured equally good results. In all of the above mixtures, it is best to use hot water, and to have the sulphur powdered so as to help the rapid combination of the constituents. The lime and sulphur mixtures must only be used as winter washes while the trees are dormant, or the trees will bs injured. The best time is late in spring, just before the buds expand. If necessary, they may be followed in summer by applications of whale-oil soap solution, one pound to six gallons of water, or kerosene emulsion in the dilution of one part in nine of water. Plum Aphis (Apliis yrunifolii, Fitch). — The Plum Aphis was found rather abundantly on plum trees in Prince Edward Island, and Mr. Saxby Blair found it also troublesome in the orchards at Nappan, N-S. He writes: 'The pests that have ■worried nie most are the plum and apple aphides. They are perfect nuisances. T thought I had them all controlled this year by early spraying, twice with whale-oil soap, one to six, but later on they appeared in myriads on some of the trees. It seems almost impossible to get men to spray their trees thoroughly enough to get at all of the plant-lice. Any information you can give about Plum Aphis will be useful to our fruit-growers; for this insect is becoming a general pest. Another thing is this: you advise whale-oil soap; now the average farmer in this country cannot get whale-oil soap. I tried to get some in this locality last summer, and they wanted 20 cents a pound for what they called whale-oil soap. If you can give in your report definite information where this soap can be procured, and what the usual price is, it would help. Could you not give instructions by which it could be made by the farmers them- selves ? I must say I find the whale-oil soap much easier and more convenient to use than bothering with tobacco water. Tobacco stems in most places are very difficult to get; but if whale-oil soap is just as good and can be got easily, that is what the average man will use. I find, too, that it takes much more liquid to do thorough work with tobacco wash than with a strong solution of soap.' Remedies. — The standard remedies for plant-lice are soap washes and kerosene emulsion. Strange as it may seem, dark-coloured species of plant-lice certainly re- quire stronger applications than the green kinds. Kerosene esmulsion in the dilution of one part to six of the stock emulsion has given good results against all kinds of aphides. Soaps. — The mo-.t effective £cap wash ii made with whale-oil soap, one pound to from fniir to six gallons of ■?,"ater. The term whale-oil soap is merely a trade name for a fish oil soap, made with either ^jctasi. oj soda. The potash soaps, which are the bes*, because even L-trong .=o!ntion3 remain liquid when they cool, are soft soaps. The soda soaps are hard. Of the two the potash soaps are considered the best to use on vogotntinn, and they are more convenicni to use. Both kinds should always be dis- solved in hot water. REPORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTAMST 237 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 When bought at retail prices these soaps cost from 15 to 20 cents per pound, according to the locality, but, if obtained in large quantities, can be got at from 3 to 5 cents per pound. Fifty pound kegs are supplied at 5 cents per pound. Two well known brands of potash soft soaps which have been much used in Canada and have given good satisfaction, are those made by W. H. Owen, of Port Clinton, Ohio, and by Good & Co., of Philadelphia, Pa. If thought desirable, these soaps can be made at home; but it is very unpleasant and dirty work, and it is besides doubtful whether such good or cheap results can be secured as by buying from firms which make jx special business of manufacturing soaps with only the required amount of moisture and the proper grade and amount of potash. It has been found in experiments carried on at Washington that what is required for spraying purposes is a caustic potash and fish oil soap, made with a fairly good quality of fish oil and from which water has been elimin- ated by boiling, so thar it does not exceed 25 or 30 per cent of the weight of the soap. Soaps made with caustic soda instead of caustic potash are unsuitable for spraying purposes. Dr. J. B. Smith, in his circular No. 5, 'Whale Oil Soap and its Uses,' says : ' Whale oil or fish oil soap is one of the most reliable materials for use against plant-lice, and generally against sucking insects which can be killed by contact insec- ticides. It kills by clogging the spiracles or breathing pores of the insects and also to some extent by its corrosive action. The advantages of fish oil over ordinary laun- diy soap lie in the greater penetrating power, in the fact that it remains liquid when cold at much greater strengths, and that fish oil itself seems to be more fatal to insect life than other animal fats. A good soap can be made as follows : — Concentrated potasli lye 3| lbs. Water 7i gallons. Fish oil 1 gallon. Dissolve the lye in boiling water, and to the boiling solution add the fish oil; con- tinue to boil for two hours, and then allow to cool. Any grade of fish oil will answer.' The Plum Curculio (Conotraclielus nenuphar, Herbst,). — The Plum Curoulio made serious inroads into the sparse crop of plums of 1904. It was complained of in all localities east of and including Ontario, .and was perhaps the fruit pest most men- tioned by correspondents. Plums, apricots, cherries and apples were injured. The injury of the Plum Curculio is known by sight by thousands of fruit-growers who have never seen the beetle to recognize it as the cause of the injury wKich they know so well on their fruit. The beetle itseK (Plate I., figs. 2a and 3) is less than one- fourth of an inch in length, brown and rough, with black and gray mottlings, which give it a remarkable resemblance to a small piece of bark, and make it very difficult to dis- tinguish. There is only one brood of this insect in the year; but perfect insects may be found at all times, because the beetles which emerge during August or September of one year, pass the winter as perfect insects under dead leaves, &c., and feed on the buds and leaves of plum trees early in the spring, and later during the season on leaves Ejid fruit of various kinds; the old insects of the year before may often be collected at the same time as the newly emerged brood. When plums are about as large as pease, the crescent-shaped slit, with a small flap containing the egg, may be seen upon them. The egg hatches soon after, and the white grub (Plate I., fig. 2c) bores into the fruit, so that in the case of the plums .they soon fall from the tree. The peach, apricot, cherry, apples and pears are also injured, but do not fall from the trees to nearly the same extent as plums. A great many more of the larvte of the Plum Curcu- lio come to full growth in plums than in the other fruits ; the rotting of the fruit seems to be necessary for these grubs to mature. There is no doubt that by far a larger number of the grubs become beetles when they have fed in plums and cherries than ir. any other fruit. In apples, to which it causes serious injury also, from the dis- figuring of the fruit, very few larvas mature. By midsummer the larvas are full grown and burrow a short distance into the ground, where they turn to pupae, and the adult beetles emerge in August 233 EXPEIililENTAL FARJ/S 4-5 EDWARD Vli., A. 1905 Appbs badly disfigured were sent by Mr. C. L. Stephens, from Orillia, Ont., and similar samples were also received from two or three localities in Quebec province. Remedies.— The remedies for the Plum Curculio are as follows : (1.) Sprayins the trees early in the season so as to destroy the beetles which for some time feed upon tlie buds and opening leaves of plum trees. The second spraying, with poisoned Bordeaux mixture, should be made when the plums are about as large as pease. This will coat the young fruit so that the beetles are destroyed when they feed on the fruit or cut the crescents for egg laying. (2.) The destruction of all windfalls or injured fruit that drops, so as to clear away all fruit before the larvae emerge and enter the ground to pupate. Poultry, pigs and sheep help well in this work. (3) The plough- ing up and cultivation of orchards so as to remove gratss and other vegetation which, besides weakening the trees, gives places for the insects to hide in. The depth at which the larvaj pupate is about an inch beneath the surface, and the pupation in this part of Canada takes place during July ; therefore cultivation during that month will destroy many of the pupse, and this has been found the remedy which has given the best re suits in old orchards which had been in sod for many years and in which the fruit liad been furiously injured 3^ear after year. (4.) The jarring of plum trees, which is much written about and highly recommended, will certainly destroy many of the beetles, but costs too much for labour when compared with spraying with insecticides, which give more certain results in my experience. As the plum and peach are rather easily in- jured by. some arsenical poisons, arsenate of lead, 1 lb. to 50 gallons, is preferable to Paris green for these trees. The Apple Maggot (Trypeta pomonella, Walsh). — The Apple Maggot has never done much harm in Canada, although its injuries are very serious in the apple orchards of Main and some other States adjoining our borders. The slender white maggots,, about a quarter of an inch in length, burrow in all directions through the flesh of attacked apples, feeding upon the pulp and leaving discoloured channels (Plate I., fig. 5). There are sometimes as many as a dozen maggots in a single apple, but even one ifl sufficient to render it worthless. The eggs are inserted beneath the skin of the fruit by beautifully marked black and white flies, with shining greenish golden eyes. The general appearance of the fly is show^ in Plate I., fig. 6. In size it is about half an large as the ordinary house fly. There is only one brood in the year, and the eggs are inserted into the fruit by the females with a sharp ovipositor. Egg-laying takes place from the beginning of July until autumn. The young maggots become full grown in about six weelis, and their work, as a rule, causes the fruit to ripen pre- maturely and fall to the ground, when the maggots work their way out and enter the soil for a short distance, where they change to pale-coloured puparia, but inside which tbey remain as maggots until the following spring The pupa forms only a few days before the perfect insects appear the next summer. The maggots of late-laid eggs are frequently in the fruit at the time it is picked, and these develop, destroying the fruit more and more as they grow. Apples apparently sound when gathered may, by the presence of eggs or young larvoe, afterwards become perfectly useless. The develop- ment of the maorgot is slower in late and hard fruits. In September last I received from Mr- R. W. Shepherd, the well known apple Kliil^por. of Como, Que., samples of infested Fameuse apples, with the following in- formation : — ' Montreal, Que., September 2G. — I mail you to-day specimens of Fameuso apples taken from one of my orchards, an old one, which show serious blemishes. There is some disease unknown to me which has affected some of the Fameuse trees in that orchard. The outside skin of the apples shows dents, and, when the apple is cut open, there are brown punky spots in the flesh; the fruit is generally undersized, and in any case is practically worthless for sale. No other varieties are affected here, as far as I have been able to learn; but there are some other orchards which are suffering in a similar way to my own. REPORT OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 239 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ' October 10. — It is only my old orchard, which has been replanted at different times, that is badly affected. I have pigs there eating up the fallen fruit. I do not notice the maggots affecting any other variety than Fameuse, and in that orch-ard there are St. Lawrence, Mcintosh Eed, Scott's Winter, and other varieties. I noticed this injury last year for the first time, when the Shiawassee Beauty was affected. At that time I thought it was a fungus affecting the inside of the apple. ' October 20. — I am glad it was right to put pigs in the orchard ; and, as they do not eat up the apples fast enough, I have given instructions that a herd of cows should ho pnt in every day to make sure that all the fallen apples are done away with.' — R. W. Shepherd. ' Como, Que., October 25. — I thank you very much for your annual report. I am glad to have it, and hope to profit by your suggestions. Last year was the first time we noticed the Apple Maggot in our fruit; but it has increased a good deal this year. The Mcintosh Red does not seem to have been troubled like the Fameuse, but Rus- sets have.' — M. L. Gibb. In addition to the above occurrence, apples from St. Hilaire, another celebrated locality for the production of first-class Fameuse apples, showed slight infestation. Com.o is thirty miles west of Montreal, and St- Hilaire twenty-three miles east. . Early and subacid varieties of apples seem to be preferred ; but all varieties are said to be liable to attack, including late and winter varieties. When the late varieties are infested, the maggots do not emerge until some time during the winter after the fruit has been stored, the larvse emerging and the pupse forming inside the barrels or bins. The destruction of these pupae and of all fruit when it falls to the ground dur- ing the summer and autumn constitutes the most reliable remedy for this injurious insect. The fallen fruit may be collected by children and fed to stock; or sheep and swine may be turned into the orchard from about the middle of July. Poultry will destroy many of the maggots and puparia beneath the trees. Late autumn ploughing will throw Tip many of the puparia to the surface of the soil, where they will be des- troyed by birds, &c. Although the Apple Maggot has never done very much harm in Canada, the losses in Vermont, Maine and parts of New York State are sometimes extensive, occasionally amounting to 50 per cent of the fruit; and, as the injury does not show much on the outside, the uncertainty as to whether fruit is attacked or not renders it useless for sale. It may be well to point out here that, as the egg is in- serted beneath the skin of the apple by the female fly, spraying with arsenical mix- tures is quite useless as a remedy for this insect. CoDLiXG Moth (Carpocapsa pomonella, L.). — One of the striking characteristics cl the season of 1904 is the absence of injury by the Codling Moth, and this seems to be the ease in all the fruit-growing districts of the country. I fear that this state of affairs rciay have an injurious effect by inducing many to give up spraying their or- chards for the control of this pest. The absence of the Black Spot disease of the apple in 1903 had just this result during the past season. In some orchards which were free from disease in 1903, no spraying was done this year, and, as a consequence, what might have been beautiful crops have been ruined. Fungous diseases, although not caused by climatic conditions, are checked or developed enormoiisly in accordance with favotirable weather conditions or the reverse. The fruit-grower w'ho is a good business man, has learnt before this that there is no longer any question as to whether spraying pays or not. That it docs, is manifest every year by the predominant excel- lence of the fruit from all orchards which are sprayed, both as to insect presence and as to injury by fungous diseases. Mr. R. W. Shepherd, of Como, Que., and other buyers of the very best apples for the European market, assure me that, when purchasing the high quality fruit they require for that purpose, they cannot afford to waste time even in looking at orchards which have not been sprayed. Although the Codling Moth was less destructive than usual this year, the presence of the eggs on apples and of the larvse in fruit could be detected if closely looked for. 240 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The weather tlirougliout the past season has been such that insect occurrence of all kinds has been markedly less than has been the case for the last thirty years, so that the small numbers of the Codling Moth larvae seen this year must not be taken as an indication that this most injurious enemy of the apple has disappeared to such an extent that spraying for it is no longer necessary. Moreover, it must be remembered that, by spraying apple trees at the times advised, viz., just when the buds are bursting and once a fortnight for two months afterwards, not only is the Codling Moth kept in check to the extent of saving an average of from 75 to nearly 100 per cent of the fruit, from its ravages, but also a great many other insects as well as fungous diseases are destroyed, giving the fruit-grower an enormous profit, compared with the cost of spray- ing. Green Fruit Worm (Xylina, sp.). — When examining orchards at Gagetown in New Brurxwick, as well as in the Annapolis Valley and other places in Nova Scotia in June last, I frequently came upon the larvce of a Xylina. These caterpillars, of which there are many species very similar in appearance, are kno^vn by the name of Green Eruit Worms, and have the habit of gnawing large cavities in the sides of apples, as well as devouring the foliage. The perfect moths from these caterpillars emerge in the autumn, and after passing the winter as such, lay their eggs on the trees in spring. The best remedy is the regular spraying of fruit trees with the poisoned Bordeaux mixture. The Red-humped Caterpillar (Scliizura concinna, S. & A.). — This caterpillar feeds upon a great many different kinds of trees besides the apple, and is seldom de- structive except upon young trees. The eggs are laid in clusters, and the caterpillars are gregarious throughout their lives. Mr. E. P. Venables, of Vernon, B.C., reports that they were numerous in his locality last summer and did much damage in young orchards, in many cases the whole foliage being stripped from infested trees. He de- tected a hymenopterous parasite which was doing good, and is now rearing specimens* So as to learn the identity of this useful insect. The Shot Borer {Xyleborus dispar, Eab.). — There were several complaints from fruit-growers in the Annapolis Valley, N.S., of injury to apple and plum trees by the small wood boring beetle, which has received the name of the Shot Borer (Plate II, fig. 7). There has not been much complaint concerning this insect since 1897, but last spring its work was noticed in many places in the above district. The attack consists of a small black burrow (Plate II, fig. 8)^ beginning generally at a bud and running right round the stem inside the wood and near the bark of young living trees. Inside this there is often another burrow, and then a short perpendicular shaft at right angles running down the centre of the twig or branch. There is variation in the nature of the tunnels, according to the size of that part of the tree where they are located ; but they are always about one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, and if in a small branch or stem form a circular gallery with an ascending or descending perpendicular shaft, which serves as a brood chamber. When, as is sometimes the case, they occur in trunlcs of young trees of moderate size, from 4 to 6 inches in diameter, the galleries are straighter and simpler. These galleries are the homes and breeding chambers of the larva; and their mother ; for, although this insect is the cause of much injury to trees, with the exception of the wood which is gnawed out to make the tunnels, the tissues of the wood are not eaten either by the mature beetles or the larvae; but the tunnels form caves within which a special kind of fungus is cultivated by the beetles as food for the larva?, which simply lie in a small cell and feed or are fed by their pa'rents on the fungus as it grows. An account of these beetles and their method of feeding upon the * ambrosia ' is most delightfully described by the late H. G. Hubbard, in an article entitled ' The Ambrosia Beetles of the United States,' one of the most charming narra- tives to be found in the literature of Economic Entomology. (See Bulletin No. 7, n.s., IT. S. Division of Entomology.) ^■c s^ bo REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGLST A^'D BOTANIST 241 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The remedies for this insect aim at either filling up the eiitrauees to the holes iu which the broods are being reared, so as to suffocate the larvae, or in applying some liquid which will penetrate and destroy the fungous food or the larvae and mature beetles while in the holes. For this purpose, kerosene oil and carbolic washes have been used with success; crude petroleum could probably be used with even greater effect, as on account of its extreme subtility it would penetrate the burrows more deeply than most liquids, and also would act as a deterrent wash which would keep the mature beetles away from the trees when seeking places to make their breeding burrows. The carbolic wash which has given good results in Nova Scotia is soft soap, 1 gallon, water 3 gallons, crude carbolic acid ^ pint; the trees to be washed two or three timos when the beetles are known to be prevalent. A difficulty with this insect will be found in the intermittent nature of its occurrence. Ao it is pretty sure to be present in some numbers in the same orchards where it was troublesome last spring, it will bo wise for the owners to spray or wash their trees with a deterrent wash next season. Trees noticed to be badly infested at the time of winter pruning should be cut out and burnt before the beetles appear in spring, unless considered to be of special value, when they may be treated. The Black Vln'e Weevil {Otiorhynchus sulcatus^ Fab.). — This weevil seems to have become a regularly occurring pest in gardens around Victoria and some other places on Vancouver Island, and also near Xew Westminister and Vancouver on the mainland. It is a black snout-beetle, three-tenths of an inch in length, of a dull black, the wing cases being deeply grooved and spotted with fine white points. The grubs are yellowish white, with dark heads, and have the body somewhat curved; they feed on the roots of several kinds of plants. These beetles have no trvie wings and the two wing-covers are connate or joined together in the middle, so their only means of spreading from place to place is by crawling. The beetle occurs near the coast on both sides of the continent and is sometimes a destructive pest in strawberry beds .in Nova Scotia and British Columbia. The plants which have been reported to me as injured by the Black Vine Weevil in Canada do not include the grape vine; the name Black Vine Weevil is taken from European publications, where it is the recognized popular name, and will answer here until a better is suggested. The grubs probably do more harm than the adult weevils and have been found attacking the roots of Cyclamens and other plants in greenliouses, particularly Gloxinias, Primulas and Maiden-hair ferns. The most important injury so far recorded against this weevil is of its attacks upon strawberry beds. Mr. J. R. Anderson, reporting on the insects of the season, says ' the Black Vine Weevil did a considerable amount of injury to strawberry beds. This was principally on the lower Fraser. It also attacked the roots of Primroses in som'3 localities.' 'New Westminster, B.C., May 30. — The Strawberry Weevil (Otiorhynchus sul- catus) is very bad in several places this spring, and I find that in every case where strawberries are infested, they have been planted on land where the sod had been turned in previously, and that in neighbouring patches where no sod had been turned in they are comparatively few.' — W. D. Dashwood-Joxes. ' Victoria, B.C., May 30. — I send you specimens of larvae and pup^e of an insect which is in large numbers in a strawberry bed at Esqulmalt, near here. I take these to be Otiorhynchus sulcatus; am I right ? There are many complaints of injury to straw- berry plants this spring from this or a similar pest, chiefly along the Fraser at Ham- mond, Haney and Mission, but also in the Victoria district.' ' June 13. — I will send you further specimens of 0. sulcatus from Mr. Fleming's garden near Victoria, and I will also try and get you other specimens from the lower mainland, where by the bye, I am told by Mr. Cunningham that there are two dis- tinct species of weevils infesting strawberry plantations.' ' June 20. — I send you a box containing specimens of weevils, principally in the pupal form, but also including some beetles which were taken from strawberry fields 16—16 242 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 at Hammond. You will see that there are two species, one much smaller than the other. From the appearance of the infested plants, I take the larger specimens to he either Tylodenna fragarice, or T. foveolatum. Will you kindly identify and suggest remedial measures?' — E. M. Palmer. The specimens sent forward by Mr. Palmer were extremely interesting, and showed distinctly the work of two different insects which attacked the roots in a sim- ilar manner, but could be easily distinguished. All the plants sent were old plants, with large crowns, from a stout caudex ; and it was into this that the larvae bored from the outside, leaving large cavities, and in some instances destroying the whole of the interior of the stems. By the time the parcel reached Ottawa, most of the specimens were pupse, and from 'these a little later I reared several specimens of the Black Vino Weevil and of the Sleepy Weevil ( 0 tiorhynchus ovatus, L.). This latter is a com- mon weevil, and is a curious slow mjoving creature, which is frequently found in out- of-the-way places. It may always be found out of doors at almost all times of the year, when sifting moss or leaves to collect beetles. It frequently penetrates into lioiisGS, sometimes in large numbers, and it has even been accused, with every appear ance of good reason, of having inflicted very painful bites on campers sleeping in tents during the summer time. It occurs commonly throughout Canada east of the prairies, but I had not heard of it previously from British Columbia. The Sleepy Weevil has occasionally been accused of injuring potatoes, and Mr. P. J. D. Edmonds sent me from Summerville, P.E.I., specimens with potato leaves, and the following note : ' I send you a sample of a new kind of potato beetle, showing the way he i6\(\<^ himself up after cutting off the branches of potatoes. Please let me know what thi'^ is, and whether he is doing damage or how he can be destroyed. I did not actually see this field, but I" am told that many of the stalks are stripped bare of leaves.' The Sleepy Weevil is only about half the size of the Black Vine Weevil, and i.q of a dull pitchy brown colour, smooth and without any markings. It is always a very slow moving beetle, and it is probable that some injury may have been attributed to it for whicli it was not responsible. From its habit of hiding in dark comers, folded leaves and in hollows, it is frequently found in close proximity to injury which may have been done by other culprits. There is now no doubt that the larvae feed on the roots of strawberries, and it is probable that they also attack the roots of many other plants. I have frequently found the beetles in old grass fields, and I shall not be sur- prised, especially after the observation made by Mr. Dashwood- Jones that strawberry beds planted on sod were most injured by weevils, to find that the usual food plant of both the Sleepy Weevil and ibs larger companion, the Black Vine Weevil, may be tho roots of grasses. Should these insects become abundant in strawberry beds it will bo well for growers to adopt the one-crop plan which has been used very successfully by Mr. Macoun, the Horticulturist of the Central Experimental Farm, and was adopted many years ago by Mr. Peter Dempsey, at Trenton, Ont. This consists of setting out new beds of strawberries in the spring, cultivating these for the first summer, taking one large crop of berries the next spring, and then ploughing the plants up as soon as the crop is off. In the meantime a new bed will have been set out from tht? runners of the bearing bed early in spring before the fruit ripened. This plan of strawberry culture not only prevents loss from the attacks of such enemies as the White Grub and the above-mentioned Weevils, but is also a paying operation, giving b-ettcr returns from the higher price secured with the large fruit tlms grown than from a large crop of smaller berries. Both of the weevils here treated of are nocturnal, doing such injury as is attri- butable to them at night and remaining quiet by day, hidden away in crevices or beneath rubbi:?h and other shelters. They can, therefore, be trapped in considerable numbers by placing objects about tho beds convenient for them to hide in by day, and also easy of examination for the destruction of the beetles. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 243 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FOREST AND SHADE TREES. Xo widespread or extensive injury to forest or shade trees was brought to my iioticG during the past season, but there were many inquiries sent in with specimena for information concerning these insects. Tfxt Caterpillars of several species, which a few years ago were so enormously abundant, but which everywhere suddenly decreased in 1900, seem to be again increas- ing in certain districts, not only on forest trees, but also in orchards. There is some confusion as to the species mentioned in reports; but western references are probably to Malacosoma (Cliswcampa) dalifornica. Pack., and M. americana. Fab., northwestern to M. disstria>, Hbn., and M. fragilis. Stretch, and eastern to the Apple Tree Tent Caterpillar, M. americana, and the Forest Tent Caterpillar, M. disstria. Mr. J. E. Anderson says : — Victoria, B.C., Nov. 1. — The Tent Caterpillars again appeared in larger numbers than usual this year. In some localities on the lower Fraser and in those places where no steps were taken to check their ravages, fruit and ornamental trees were utterly defoliated, and this was also the case with trees and bushes on the roadside.' When travelling in northern Alberta last summer, holding meetings with Mr. T. N. Willing, the Territorial Weed Inspector and Entomologist, I found, on July 21, two destructive colonies of what I took to be the Forest Tent Caterpillar (M. disstria). The first one was in a bush of many acres of Aspen Poplars, a few miles out of St. Albert. The moths were in thousands and were just emerging from tho cocoons. Only a few dipterous and hymenopterous parasites were noticed at largo or detected by their larvae in the cocoons. The second colony was close to the town of St. Albert and was less extensive than the first one referred to, the chief injury being done on the tops of young aspen trees. Earlier in the season Mr. Willing sent me specimens of the larvse of Malacosoma fragilis, Stretch, which he had found abim- dant on rose and other bushes at Medicine Hat. There are a few reports of injury by Tent Caterpillars in orchards and wood lots in western Ontario; and I hear from Nova Scotia that Tent Caterpillars are evidently again increasing in numbers. The remedy for all these species, where practicable, is prompt spraying as soon as the young caterpillars appear, with poisonous mixtures. Basswood Looper [Erannis (Hihernia) iiliaria, Harris]. — Mr. T. N. Willing i'ound caterpillars of this eastern moth very abundant on the flat north of the south 1/ranch of the Saskatchewan at Medicine Hat. They were stripping the Kegundos or Ash-leaved Maples (also called Bex-elders in the United States), and skeletonizing all the leaves on some trees over an area of more than two acres. A moth was reared from these caterpillars, which like the larvtr, did not appear to differ in any way from eastern specimens. The Negundo Twig-borer (Proleopteri/x wiUinga)ia,'Kear{.). — For many years the Ash-leaved Maples grown at Winnipeg, Brandon, Ecgina and other points in the West r.s street shade trees, have been injured every season by the caterpillars of a small moth, which burro-s#in the bases of sm,all twigs and branches, and hollowing these cut, cause them to swell and form elongated galls. These have occasionally been reared, and some years ago moths were sent to a specialist who identified them as Proieoieras aiscidanum, Riley. Under this name the insect has been referred to until tlio present season, when several specimens were reared by Mr. T. N. Willing, of Beffina, and were forwarded to Mr. W. D. Kearfott, a specialist in microlepidoptora. ^ 16— 16i 214 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 (See ' Ciinadian Entomologist,' vol. xxxvi., 1904, p. 306.) After careful examination they were decided to be an imdescribed species, which was named in honour of Mr. Willing, as a recognition of the excellent work he is doing in working up the natural history of the North-west Territories. The caterpillars attain full growth during June and then leave their burrows in the twigs, and penetrating a short distance into tho ground, spin close cocoons from which the moths emerge eaxly in July. Some caterpillars of this moth, however, reared here in the Division of Entomology, pupated in the twigs where they had been feeding. It cannot be said that this insect does very serious injury to the Negundos; but it is sometimes ex- tremely abundant and by destroying shoots makes it difficult to train these favourite trees in the way desired by those growing them as shade trees. The Negukdo Plant-louse (Chaitophorus negundinis, Thos.). — As might be ex- pected from the enormously extended area over which the Ash-leaved Maple or Box- elder is cultivated of late years, the insects which atfack it are gradually spreading from the west with their host plant. One of the most troublesome of these is th-d Negundo Plant-louse, which for many years has been a disgusting pest of shade trees in the West, covering the trees with honey-dew during the summer and making them very unsightly objects instead of ornaments, in the streets, by reason of the copious growth of the Sooty Fungus (Fumago salicma) , which, always develops as a consequence of their attack. Erom several points in Ontario during the past sumaner, even as far east as Ottawa, this plant-louse was reported upon the Ash-leaved Maple trees. When not controlled by spraying with kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap solution, these plant-lice do serious injury to the trees they infest; and they are so persistent in their attacks that many lovers of trees in the West have given up the cultivation of the desirable and quick-growing Negundo, for other trees less subject to insect attack. The Aspen Beetle (Lina trcmulce, Fab.). — Mr. Norman Griddle, of Aweme, Man., writes : 'These beetles, which three or four years ago were so enormously abundant and did so much harm by stripping the aspen poplars, are once more on the increase. They were especially destructive to the young shoots of the aspens, causing many young trees to die.' In 1900 and 1901 this bettle was so abundant and destructive on the prairies that many miles of beautiful aspen i>oplars so useful in that country for firewood and shade, ^^ere stripped Bare of foliage, and a great many of the trees died. This was particu- larly the case in the Tiger Hills, Man., and in the Moose Mountain and Qu'Appello districts, N.W.T. Willow Beetles. — For the last three years willows in the prairie provinces and in British Columbia have been very much injured by the small chrysomelid beetle. Galerucella decora. Say. This is a small brown beetle, soft", and rather flat in shape, which, both in the perfect and larval states, feeds on various kinds of willows, stripping the green surface of the leaves and leaving the bushes seared and brown. Mr. Griddle says : ' Willows at Aweme were completely stripped by these beetles and their larvae. Later in the season, aspen poplars (P. tremuloides) were also attacked by the same beetles to such an extent that any one knocking a tree would shake down countless numbers from the leaves, which sounded, as they fell on the dead leaves beneath, like a shower of rain. These insects pass the winter beneath the dead leaves, and attack the trees as soon as they come into leaf the following spring. Many trees were killed by them some years ago.' % The Vancoumjr Island Oak-Looper [Tlierina (Ellopia) somniaria, Huslt]. — A? fitated in my report for 1890, the beautiful oaks on Vancouver Island are periodically stripped, every few years, by hordes of the caterpillars of a gx^onietrid moth. 1904 saw cne of these visitations. Mr. J. R. Anderson writes: ' The Oak Looper {Ellopia somni- REPOliT or THE ENTOMOLOOIST AND BOTANIST 245 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 aria) appeared in vast numbers in some places on Vancouver Island this year. Strange t3 say, in certain localities they were entirely absent, but in others they were so numerous that they consumed every particle of their natural food, and they would then attack other trees. In one/place, which I was called to inspect, I found that they had attacked even the fruit on apple trees, eating away a layer of the skin and large holes into the interior near the stem. They w^ere also denuding the apple trees of their leaves. There were hundreds on one tree which stood beneath an oak. The larva) had defoliated the oak tree, then let themselves down in the visual manner, and were on the apple tree in hundi^eds eating the foliage and fruit. Other trees, as cherry, elm, &c., farther away were also attacked, but not so much as those near the oaks.' This variation in the food habits of this insect can, I thinlv, only be considered as exceptional. The natural food of the species in Vancouver Island is the pictur- esque oak, Quercus jacohi, R. Br., which grows round the southern end of Vancouver Island. Among the caterpill-ars forwarded by Mr. Anderson, some parasitized speci- mens were found, from which was raised a parasite which has been kindly identified by Mr. W. H. Harrington, as Pimpla Ontario,, Cress. Another parasite, the species usually responsible for the sudden reduction in the numbers of this species, is Ichneu- mon cestuSj Cr., a yellovrish brown ichneumon Hy about three-eighths of an inch long, with one black band across the abdomen, and was found in considerable numbers by Mr- A. W. Hanham, who wi'ites : — ' Victoria, B.C., October 25. — The moths of the Oak Looper (E. somniaria) have this autumn been a sight to see. Out the Cadboro Bay road large oak trees were covered with the moths a couple of weeks ago, particularly on the underside of the branches and close to the trunks. There were numbers of a reddish brown ichneumon, all of one species, which were flying about the trunks of the trees. I bottled several of these, which I send you.' The specimens forwarded by Mr. Hanham were Ichneumon cestus, Cr. The White-marked Tussock Moth [Hemerocainpa (Orgyia) leucosiigma, S. & A.] — This common pest of cilj shade trees, which was referred to at some length in my last report, continues to injure shade trees in some of our cities. The most effective remedies are the collection of the egg masses in winter and the spraying of the trees with arsenical poisons in spring before the caterpillars (Plate H., fig. 9) have grown much and injured the leaves. The Toronto, civic authorities are this year taking active measures to clear out the infestation, which for many years has injured the appearance of the beautiful horse chestnut trees for which Toronto is celebrated. A reasonably large sum of money has been voted for the collection and destruction of the eggs during the present winter; and there is every reason to hope that by this means private individuals may be stirred up to do their duty in the public interest by destroying the eggs on their own trees in winter and then spraying the foliage in summer for a year or two. Walking Stick Insect (Diapheromera femoraia. Say). — A remarkable outbreak of the Walking Stick Insect, which is worthy of record, is reported by Mr. J. B^ Williams, of Toronto. This is usually a rather uncommon insect; but Mr. Williams found it in such numbers in the Niagara Glen that thousands might have been col- lected on oak and butternut trees during September. These trees are ordinary food plants for this curious insect, which belongs to the Phasmidae, a division of the Orthoptera, the same order as contains the locusts and grasshoppers. 246 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 THE APIARY. The Apiary, as In the past, has been under the management of Mr. John Fixter, the farm foreman, whose ra^'ort I append herewith. The same experiments which have been carried on for some years have most of them been repeated on account of the krge amount of interest which has been evinced in the subject by correspondents and visitors to the Central Exp.^dnKritnI Farm. The services of Mr. Fixter have been asked for at a great many meetings of bee-keepers, and, whenever his duties at the Central Experimental Firm wiuLl permit of it, he has attended these meetings and given addresses. REPORT OF MR. JOHN FIXTER. Season of 1904. The honey crop in the Experimental Farm Apiary has been a fairly good one, giving an average yield of 63 pounds per colony. In many parts of the Dominion the honey crop was light, owing chiefly to the very lieavy losses of the past winter. Many colonies of bees perished from cold, while they had abundance of stores in their hives. The continued long spells of severe weather prevented them from breaking their clusters to reach their stores. Losses were greater in outside than in inside wintering, although many perished inside, either from insufli- ciency of stores or from confinement in cool, damp and badly ventilated cellars. Experiments have shown that bees can be successfully wintered in a good cellar, even if it is damp, providing it is well ventilated. Many colonies died also during the spring after being set out, owing to the cold, backward season. The number of colonies, which was 35 in the spring, was increased by swarming to a total of 50 when the hives were put into winter quarters on November 23. Meetings were attended at the following places in Ontario : — Merivale, Metcalfe, Crossland, Phelpston, Minesing, Grenfell, New Lowell, Stayner, Elpin, McDonald'c- Comers, Balderson, Innisville, Drummond Centre, Locust Hill, Markham, Gananoque, Toronto and Barrie; and in the province of Quebec at Shawville, Buckingham and Venosta. Experiments, 1903-1904. i. cellar wintering. Description of the Bee Cellar. — The cellar is below a private house. The walh are of stone and the floor of cement. The bee-room, 11 feet 6 inches wide by 15 feet long and 7 feet high, allows three tiers of shelves and two passages. It is boarded off from the remainder of the cellar by a partition which extends all around the chamber, and far enough from the stone wall to allow of an air space. Should a person have eniugh bees to fill the cellar the boarding could be left out. Under the cement floor a layer of one foot of stones of different sizes acts as a drain and keeps the cellar perfectly dry. The lowest shelf is 18 inches from the floor, the second 20 inches in the clear above, and the third 20 inches above that. Neither the hives on the third or upper- most shelf nor the uprights supporting the shelves touch the ceiling, so that no vibra- tion can reach the hives from above. This chamber is thoroughly ventilated, as is also the whole cellar. Before entering the bee room is a smaller compartment with a door leading to the outside and another leading to the bee-room. Both rooms have sliding ventilators in the doors, so that outside air may be let in at will. Ventilation is carefully attended to, and sudden changes of temperature are avoided; for this, a thermometer which is REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 247 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 always kept in the cellar, is watched. The best temperature for the bee cellar has been found to be from 42 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit. This arrangement has given entire satisfaction. In former years there was not proper ventilation, and the cellar was always damp. Since the concrete floor has been laid and the ventilators have been put in, the cellar has been much drier and cleaner. It is also rat and mouso proof, which is E very great advantage. Experiment No. 1. — The tops of the hives replaced hy chaff cushions and the brood chambers raised at the bach. ' Six colonies were put into winter quarters in the cellar and placed on the shelves. Under the back end of each hive was placed a three-inch block ; each hive was, besides, raised from its bottom board by a one-inch block being placed at the back so as to ensure free ventilation. All front entrances were left wide open; the wooden covers were all removed and replaced with cushions made of chaff 4 inches thick, snfficientl3' wide and long to lap over the hive two inches. Temperatures were taken once each week all through the winter and were kept very even, from 44 to 48 degrees. The bees were quiet, only a very slight hum being noticeable up to Februarj'', when the temperature having risen to 48, the bees began to get uneasy and made considerable hum. Cold air was carefully let in during the night by opening the slides in the doors and closing them in the morning; this, of course, lowered the temperature, and the bees quieted down. During the past winter every colony in this experiment was perfectly dry and clean, ?nd all came out in excellent condition. Average weight of each hive when put into winter quarters, 58 J pounds; when taken out on April 22, 49^ pounds per hive, showing that each hive had lost Of pounds on an average. Experiment No. 2. — Tops replaced by chaff cushions and the brood chambers raised in front. Six colonies were put into the cellar and placed on the shelves, a three-inch block being placed only in front, between the bottom board and the brood-chamber, making the full entrance three inches high across the whole front. The wooden covers were removed and replaced with a chaff cushion. Temperature the same as in Experiment No. 1. During the whole winter all the colonies in this experiment were perfectly dry and clean and showed no uneasiness of any kind. The bees could be seen hanging in a quiet cluster below the frames any time during the winter. The average weight when put into winter quarters on November 23 was 59 pounds 12 oz. ; when taken out on April 22, 51 pounds 8 oz., showiug that each hi-\ e had lost on an average 8 pounds 4 ounces. Experiment No. 3. — Tops replaced by propolis quilts. Six colonies were put into the cellar and placed on the shelves, with the bottoms of the hives left on, just as they were brought in from the bee-yard. The wooden covers were removed and nothing left on except a tightly sealed propolis quilt; the natural entrance was left wide open. Temperature of cellar same as in Experiment No. 1. During the entire winter the bees kept perfectly dry, and only a very slight hum could be heard. There were but very few dead bees on the bottom board, and no sign of dysentery. On examination when set on their summer stands all the hives were found to be in first-class condition. The average weight when put into winter quarters !Movember 23 was 59 pounds 15 oz. ; when taken out on April 22, 51 pounds 3 oz., show- ing that on an average each had lost 8 pounds 12 oz. Experiment No. Jj. — Tops and bottoms of hives left on. Six colonies were put into the cellar and placed on the shelves, with tops and bottom boards of the hives left on, just as they were brought in from, the bee-yard. 248 EXPERIMENTAL FAUMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 They were watched for dampness, mould, or dysentery, also to compare the amount of honey consumed. Temperature of cellar the same as in Experiment No. 1. During December and January all were very quiet. During February there was considerable liumming. Drops of water were noticed along the entrances of three hives. There were but very few dead bees on the bottom board and no sign of dysentery. On ex- amination when set on their summer stands', two of the hives had considerable moulded combs. The average weight when put into winter quarters, 58 pounds 10 oz. ; when taken out on April 22, 49 pounds 3 oz., showing that the average loss of each hive was 9 pounds 7 oz. 11. — -WJXTERIKG BEES IN DAMP CELLARS. Many letters are received inquiring whether a damp cellar is a fit place to winter bees in. An experiment was conducted during the winter of 1902-3, with three colonies of bees. During last winter it was thought advisable to try the same experi- ment (A) with a larger number of colonies — six — and another (B), also with six col- onies with a laxger amount of moisture. In both experiments the six colonies were selected, all of about equal strength, and all in Langstroth hives, weighing on an average 58 pounds each at the beginning, oi the experiment. The wooden covers were removed from the hives and replaced with propolis quilts ; the bottom of each hive was loosened from the brood chamber, and a block two inches square was placed at each corner between the bottom board and the brood chamber, insuring free ventilation from the bottom of each hive. The cellar was kept at a very even temperature of 44 to 48 degrees, and was well ventilated dur- ing the whole winter. The six hives in each experiment were resting on the edges of seven pails of water, the full surface of the water being exposed. A. — The bees could be seen hanging below the frames in a quiet cluster all winter. The hives were all examined once each week, and at no time did there appear to be any sign of uneasiness from the extra moisture. There were scarcely any dead bees on any of the bottom boards nor any sign of dysentery, and all came out in excellent fcmdition. The colonies were set out on their summer stands on March 20; ihe day being fine and warm, all began to fly at once. The average weight of the six col- onies when set on their summer stands was 44^ pounds each. From March 20 to April 6, the weather was cool, and no flying took place up to the latter date, which was a good bright warm day. After this the bees had to remain in their hives until April 22, when the weather became warm again. They then built up rapidly and were in excellent condition for the honey flow. B. — A second experiment was tried in which the amount of moisture in the at- mosphere of the cellar was increased in the following way: Besides the seven pails of water placed on the floor with the six hives resting on the edges of these pails, allowing the full surface of the water to be exposed, six inches of sand was spread on the cellar floor between the pails and covering six inches of the floor outside of the pails. There was also a large cotton sheet spread over the six hives. The sand, and sheet were kept thoroughly saturated with water which was poured on them once each week during the winter. The be2s in this test were more uneasy than in the experiment first described where no sand or cotton covering was used, having to keep up fanning for ventilation. There were also a great many more dead bees on the bottom boards and several hives had drops of water along the entrance, but there was no sign of dysentery. On March 20, the day being fine, the colonies were removed to the bee-yard, where all began flying at once. The average weight of the six colonies when set on their summer stands, was 44J pounds each. From March 20 to April 22 the bees had but one good flight. After April 22 the weather became considerably warmer; the colonies began building up rapidly, and were in excellent condition for the clover bloom. The average strength of the six colonies that had the extra moisture was not as great as in the former test, but as soon as they got fine weather they gained rapidly. REPORT OF THE ESTOMOLOiJisT AM) KOTAMST 249 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Care was taken that the colonies in both tests had plenty of unsealed stores bcforo fruit bloom and between fruit and clover bloom. This was done by uncapping one side of a frame of honey nearest to the cluster, allowing the bees to use up the honey for food and providing space for the queen to lay her eggs. Although so much moisture was in close proximity to the colonies, a great deal of the success of this experiment is no doubt due to the good cellar in which it was tried, the cellar having stone walls, cement floors, good ventilation and the temperature being easily regulated. This goes to show that good ventilation and even temperature have a great deal to do with successful wintering. An excellent plan for ventilating is to have sliding ventilators in the doors, so that much or little air may be let in as desired. Also connect an extra stove pipe, provided with a damper, to the regular heating stove. This may be done by means of a T, or an extra flue will answer. Allow the pipe to extend into the cellar. This plan of ventilating has proved very successful. III. IXSULATIXG HIVES FOR OUTSIDE WIXTERIXG. For this experiment, .the hives were insulated against the winter cold by air cushions in the following manner. Slats 1 inch thick were nailed at intervals all around the hive, on these was tacked one layer of thick brown building paper and then a layer of oiled paper, which increases durability and also keeps out vermin. In order to provide extra protection to the hive, a box six inches wider and six inches longer was placed over this with an opening cut at the entrance, 1 inch by 2 inches, all other openings being closed. Tha wooden covers of each hive 'were removed and' replaced with a chafl' cushion 3 inches thick, the latter placed on the propolis quilt, and lapping over the sides of the hive; two layers of paper were then put on top of the cushion and a second cushion added, which had the top of the outside box over it. This experiment, first tried during the winter of 1902-3 with two hives, was re- peated last winter for the second time with four colonies in Langstroth hives. These were all four placed in a large packing case, one foot larger each way than the hives, which were six inches apart in the case, with six inches of cut straw on the bottom of the case for the hives to rest upon. The six-inch space between the hives was packed with cut straw, as well as the one-foot space all around and on top of the hives. The entrances of two of the hives faced each other, and two hives faced west. The entrance to the hives was kept clear of snow all winter to ensure free ventilation. The hives were in a corner well sheltered from cold winds. No sound could be heard from these colonies all winter. On March 22 the bees made their appearance, many flying briskly, going out and returning. From March 22 to April 22 the bees 'had but one good flight. On April 22 they were then examined. Very few dead bees were found on ihe bottom boards; the combs were dry and clean and there were no signs of dysentery. The hives were then removed from the pack- ing case and placed on their summer stands. The average weight of the hives when laut into winter quarters was 62^ pounds ; when put on their summer stands, 49^ pounds, showing that each hive had lost 13 pounds 4 ounces. The weather after this date (April 22) being bright and warm, the bees built up rapidly and were in excellent condition for the honey flow. IV. — EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE WailCII BEES WOULD CONSUME MOST OF, HONEY OR SUGAR, WHILE CONFINED IN THEIR WINTER QUARTERS. Eight colonies in Langstroth hives were selected for this experiment, all of as nearly equal strength as could be secured. On September 1 their natural stores were removed from both sets. On September 2 all were weighed as follows : — (a.) The four colonies fed sugar syrup : No. 1 weighed 30 lbs. 7 oz. ; No. 2, 31 lbs. 12 oz. ; No. 3, 31 lbs. 10 oz. ; No. 4, 31 lbs. 3 oz. ; average of weight, 31 lbs. 4 oz. (h.) The four colonies fed extracted 5ioney: No. 1, weight, 30 lbs. 9 oz.; No. 2, 31 lbs. 10 oz. ; No. 3, 30 lbs. 12 oz. ; No. 4, 31 lbs. 1 oz. ; or an average of 31 pounds. 250 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Miller feeders were placed in empty section supers, close to the top of the brood frames, any part of the brood frames not covered by the feeder being covered by a propolis quilt cut so as to allow the bees a passage through it. By keeping the feeder well packed around, except where the bees enter, the heat is kept in and at the same time the bees cannot daub themselves with the liquid. In both experiments the bees had a constant supply of syrup and honey. Both the honey and the syrup were sup- plied to the bees at about blood heat. The syrup was made of the best granulated sugar, two parts to one of water by weight. The water was first brought to a boil, then the boiler was set back on the stove and the sugar having been poured in, the mixture was stirred until all was dissolved. The four colonies fed sugar syrup when put into winter quarters November 24, weighed as follows: — No. 1, 61 lbs. 4 oz. : No. 2, 62 lbs. 9 oz. ; No. 3, 62 lbs. 7 oz. ; No. 4, 62 lbs. ; or an average of 62 lbs. 1 oz. each. The four colonies fed extracted honey when put into winter quarters on Novem- ber 24, weighed as follows: — No. 1, 62 lbs. 13 oz. ; No. 2, 62 lbs. 14 oz. ; No. 3, 62 lbs. ; No. 4, 62 lbs. 5 oz. ; or an average of 62 lbs. 8 oz. each. The four colonies fed sugar syrup when taken from their winter quarters March 22, weighed as follows : — No. 1, 47 lbs, 3 oz. ; No. 2, 49 lbs. 4 oz. ; No. 3, 51 lbs. 5 oz. ; No. 4, 51 lbs. 8 oz ; average, 49 lbs. 13 oz. The four colonies fed extracted honey when taken from their winter quarters March 22, weighed as follows: — No. 1, 50 lbs. 9 oz. ; No. 2, 53 lbs. 1 oz. ; No. 3, 51 lbs. 12 oz. ; No .4, 51 lbs. 2 oz. ; average, 51 lbs. 10 oz. Difference in favour of the honey feeding, 1 lb. 13 ounces per colony. When the hives were put into winter quarters and placed on the shelves in the cellar, the wooden covers were raised at one end 4 an inch, while the sealed propolis quilt was left undisturbed. The hives were all given extra ventilation at the bottom by placing at the entrance a wooden block between the bottom board and the brood claamber, thus raising the front of the brood chamber 3 inches extra. During the balance of November and December very slight humming could be heard; during January and February scarcely any /appreciable hum could be heard. During the whole winter there was no sign of uneasiness of any kind, and very few dead bees were found about the entrance; the 'bottom boards were quite clean and there was no sign of dysentery in either experiment. All came out in first-class condition and built up rapidly for the honey flow. V, — EXPERIMENT, WITH QUEEN EXCLUDERS IN HIVES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXTRACTED HONEY. Eight colonies were taken for this test — 4 in Langstroth hives, 4 in Heddon hives. Two colonies in each case had queen excluders between the brood chamber and the extracting frames; thus, every pound of honey secured was pure. The two remaining colonies in each set had no queen excluders. The queen in every instance went \ip into the extracting frames where eggs were laid and young brood raised. This latter plan is practised by too many who call them- selves bee-keepers. It is impossible to extract honey from frames where brood is pre- sent without throwing out the young larvae at the same time. There are also many who do not use any suri'lus cases, especially those who use the old box hive. They take their honey out of the brood chamber after smoking or killing the bees. Thia REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 251 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 practice is to be strongly condemned, as the honey taken out of a brood chamber, or out of extracting frames where brood is present is not fit for human food. On November 8, all colonies were weighed and found to be in good condition. They were then put into their winter quarters. Introducing Queens. Eight queens have been introduced during the season, four on the Benton plan and four with frames of brood taken from several hives. All queens belonging to th^ colonies that were to receive the imported queens, were removed 24 hours before intro- ducing the new queens. ONE METHOD — ' BENTON INTRODUCING CAGE." The Benton mailing and introducing cage is ordinarily used in this country. It consists of an oblong block of wood with three holes bored nearly through, one of the end holes being filled with good candy, and the other two being left for the occupancj- 01 the bees and queen. On the back of the cover are printed directions for introducing a new queen into a hive, and at each end of the cage is a small hole bored through the end of the block of wood, but which in tte mails is stopped by a cork. One hole is for the adjnission of the bees and queen preparatory to mailing, and the other for the liberation of the queen, by the bees eating out the oandy in the course of 20 to 30 hours, thus releasing her in a natural way. When the cage is received, the cork covering the candy is to be removed, as well as the wooden cover over the wire cloth. The cage is then carefully placed on top. of the frames, so that the wire cloth be over the space between two frames in the centre of the brood-nest. The queen will then be released by the bees in the manner explained. I would advise all to have extra cages for introducing, so that no disease may be brought in with the queen. See that the cage you introduce with is thoroughly cleaned, and have fresh food made from your own honey placed in the cage in readiness. Then remove the queen and bees from the cage they were received in, to the one prepared for them and follow the above directions. How to Make Honey and Sugar Thick for Feeding. Take good thick honey and heat (not boil) it until it becomes very tliin, and then stir pulverized sugar into it. After stirring in all the sugar the honey will absorb, take the mixture out of the vessel, and thoroughly knead it with the hands. The kneading will make it more pliable and soft, so that it will absorb or take up mor.^ sugar. For summer use it should be worked, while mixing in a little more sugar, until the dough is so stiff as to be hard to work; it should then be allowed to stand for a day or two; and, if still so soft as to run, a little more sugar should be kneaded in. A good deal will depend upon the season of the year; there should be more sugar in proportion to the honey in warm weather than in cool weather. ANOTHER JIETHOD OF INTRODUCING QUEENS. Select a strong colony, remove the wooden cover of the hive, and place a fine wirei lictting over the tops of the brood frames to shut in the bees; place on top of this wire cloth a brood chamlx^r with four frames of well sealed brood, selected from different hives, with young bees just hatching out, but with no imsealed brood. Put the queen in this brood chamber, which should then be closed bee-tight, and kept over the strong colony four or five days. By that time a respectable force of young workers will have hatched; the hive may now be placed on the stand where it is to remain, the entrance being made large enough for only one bee to pass at a time, as a pre- caution aganist robbing. The entrance may be widened as the colony gets stronger. This latter plan has never failed with me. John Fister. 252 EXI'ERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 DIVISIOI^ OF BOTANY. THE RUSTS OF GRAIN CROPS. The losses from the attacks of different kinds of rusts on the cereal crops of the Dominion during 1904, were considerable, and have been reported from every part of the Dominion. In Manitoba and the North-west Territories rust on grain is very seldom heard of; but during the past autumn jiist about the time the grain was ripen- ing the climati-e conditions were such that rust developed to an alarming extent, frhe parasites which cause this disease are always present to a certain degree on grain crops as well as on several kinds of the wild prairie grasses, and this year they spread on the grain crops and were the cause in some places of great loss to farmers. There was so much interest created among settlers in the West that I was requested to pre- pare an article upon the subject for the Montreal Family Herald and WeeMy Star, which was published in the issue of Noveiiiber 30 last. As it is of general interest and a great many inquiries have been made for a popular description of the disease and its cause, I reproduce the article herewith. THE RUST OF }YHEAT. The subject of the rusts of grain crops is of special interest just now, owing to the unusual epidemic of these destructive parasites in the large wheat fields of parts of Manitoba and the eastern iSTorth-west Territories during the past season. The loss from this cause was undoubtedly considerable; but there was no such wholesale or widespread destruction of the wheat crop in the praii;ie provinces, as was described in some United States and English newspapers. I have had opportunities of examining samples of rusted straw from many localities, which have been kindly sent in by Mr. David Horn, Chief Inspector of Grain, at Winnipeg, by the agricul- tural papers and by several correspondents. As a report on the whole of these samples, it may be said that, although some were seriously affected by rust, not one of them was as badly rusted as crops are frequently found to be in eastern Canada, which are nevertheless thought to be worth cutting for grain. In passing through the Territories and Manitoba in the second week of August, although the crop was rather late and green, I saw no appearance of rust, nor did I hear any complaints of its occurrence at that time. The first reports were received about the 20th August. Early in September several items in the newspapers showed that there was much anxiety as to the extent of the loss which might occur. The localities where most harm was done, were in the Red River valley, in south-western Manitoba and in eastern Assiniboia. In the Regina district a few crops are said to have been so badly rusted that they were burned. The rust in these fields appears to have been noticed on the leaves and heads about the middle of August. On the 18th of that month there was a hailstorm, accompanied by rain; and immediately after- wards the rust spread rapidly. In Manitoba, for fear of further injury, some crops of wheat were cut too green to be of use for grain, or were made into hay. Under the circumstances, and, as the sea- son turned out, this was a wise course ; for it has been found by Mr. Shutt, the Chemist of the Experimental Farms, that straw attacked by rust malvcs far better feed for stock even than clean straw, because the presence of the parasite causes the retention in the straw of the nutritious principles which after the seeds are formed are transferred from the straw into the grain. REPORT OF THE ESTOMOLOUIsT A^D BOTAMST 253 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 THE EFFECT UPON THE AVHEAT PLANT. The physiological effect upon the wheat plant by the presence of the rust parasite is better understood by a consideration of the life history of the minute plants which are known as rusts. The term Rust, as applied to cereals, describes a disease due to the attacks of several different parasitic fungi belonging to the Uredinea?, a family which includes the most destructive parasites of cultivated and wild plants; and it must not be forgotten that rust is a plant, and, although so minute that a strong microscope is required to examine it, it is just as much a true plant with a definite life history of its own, as the wheat, oats, grasses, &c., upon which it grows. The general belief that rust comes with rain, fog, or heavy dew after a hot day, is in the main correct; but the moisture and hot air are not actually the cause of the trouble; they merely act as the carriers of it and provide the conditions necessary for its injurious propagation. The rust which was answerable for nearly all the inkiry in the West last season, was the Black Stem Rust. There are about a dozen different kinds of rusts which occur on wheat, oats and barley in this country. The commonest of these are the Orange Leaf Rust (Puccinia rubigo-vera) or Spring Rust, and the Black Stem Rust (Pucciiiia grammis), or Sirmmer Rust, which attack all kinds of small grains, and the Crown Rust, or Orange Leaf Rust, of oats (Puccinia coronata), which does not occuj on wheat or barley. Each of the first two named species has distinct specialized forms which attack wheat, oats and barley and some other grasses, but which very seldom infest plants belonging to other grains than those upon which they developed. For instance, spores of the Black Stem Rust of wheat will not produce readily on either barley or oats the corresponding rusts of those plants and vice versa. The two common rusts of wheat occur in all parts of the world, where that staple crop is grown ; and in almost every instance it has been found that the Black Stem Rust is by far the more injurious of the two. The Orange Leaf Rust appears earlier in the season and is the more conspicuous ; but the later-developed Black Stem Rust attacks its host in a much more vulnerable spot, namely on the stem, the channel up which the nutri- tious principles are carried from the vegetative system of the plant to be stored up in the seed. Developing on the stem, it arrests and feeds upon these important ele- ments, thus causing starved and shrunken grain. The Orange Leaf Rust of oats is a different species from the Orang'e Leaf Rusts that occur on the other small grains ; and like them has a red Txiat or spring form and a dark-coloured or summer form ; but the Black Stem Rust of oats is merely a specialized form of the species (Puccinia gram- inis), which is also found on wheat, barley and rye, as well as on many different kinds of grasses. THE GROWTH OF THE PARASITE. In the case of the Black Stem Rust, the growth of the parasite is the same, what- ever its host plant may be. It passes the winter in a resting condition on tflie old stems of the previous year. In the fields this will be chiefly on the stubble. The winter- spores or seed-bodies germinate early in spring and produce another kind of spores, which are exceedingly light, and are borne from place to place by the faintest breath of wind. These, alighting on the growing grain plants, produce, later, what is known as the red-rust or uredo stage of the fungus, to be followed in autumn by the resting winter-spores of Black Stem Rust. The sequence of this development is as follows: As soon as the minute spores of the first germination are carried on to a leaf of a growing plant, they germinate and throw out very slender tubes, which enter the tissues of the host plant in the same way that roots penetrate the soil. Here they feed at the expense of their host, and in time produce large numbers of reddish brown spores, which burst through the tissues and cause the rod-rust stage, which again, later on in the season, is followed by the black-rust stage, which consists of the pro- 254 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VIl., A. 1905 fuse production of another kind of spores, brownisli black in colour. These are the toleutospores, and are the means of carrying the parasite over the winter. These black winter-spores frequently appear in this species in tie same spots on the stem, where the red-rust stage was earlier in the season, but do not germinate until the following spring. RUST AND THE BARBERRY. In addition to these two forms of the Black Stem Rust, there is another stage which has been the subject of much controversy. This comes from the spores of the first generation in spring falling upon the leaves of some species of barberry, where they give rise to a curious fungus, known as Barberry Cluster-cup. After a time this matures and pours out enormous numbers of spores which are carried in all directions by the air and fall upon grain plants, where they give rise to Red Rust. Strange to say, this remarkable fact in^he life history of rust was discovered very many years ago, and laws looking to the extermination of the barberry plant date back to 1660, when an Act having this object in view was passed in France. It is not, however, absolutely necessary for Rust to have its first stage on the bar- berry, although experiments have shown beyond doubt that it does sometimes occur on that plant. The theory has been advanced that growing in this way in one of its stages on the barberry gives the parasite greater vigour; but it is beyond question that the Black Stem Rust can continue to grow in localities where no barberries are grown, and it is also known to occur in specialized forms on many of the wild prairie grasses. Among the samples of grasses sent to me from Manitoba with the rusted wheat, were specimens of the Skunk-tail grass, or Squirrel-tail {Hordeum jubatum), which bore well developed pustules of Black Stem Rust, similar to those which occur on wht-at and cultivated barky. The Skunk-tail grass is a very bad weed of the "West, and certainly increases in hay lands, owing to a habit farmers have of leaving this grass uncut when mowing, so that it ripens and distributes its seeds. If it were cut down at the same time as hay, the unripe seeds would soon dry up, or might be easily burnt after the hay was carried. Mr. Mark A. Carleton, Cerealist of the United States Bureau of Plant Industry, who has made extensive investigations of rusts, writes as follows : — ' It is positive now from experiments made by this department that the Rust of 'Hordeum jubatum will easily transfer to wheat and barley, and therefore it would decrease the chance of infection of a wheat field, if this grass could be kept out of the wheat, or if the wheat were sown away from its influence.' REMEDIES. Little can be done as a remedy against rusts; but, as the parasite passes the winter on tho old straw, land left for seeding on stubble should be burnt over care- fully before seeding, and the ploughing down of stubbles for summer-fallow should be done as early as possible in the season, so as to prevent as much as may be the dis- tribution of the first generation of spores. Rusted straw fed to cattle is said to dis- tribute the fungus in grain crops from the spores being carried through with the manure. Fresh manure, therefore, should not be used in fields where grain is to be grown. The investigations which have been carried on in Australia," have run largely towards the discovery of varieties of grain which may be more or loss exempt from the attacks of rust. Although probably no variety has yet been found entirely free from these parasites, still much has been learned as to the comparative immunity of some kinds, and Mr. Carleton points out that the investigations are said incidentally to have resulted in Australia now having varieties of wheat which are vigorous, true to name, and of exceptional quality for the particular region in which they are grown. REPORT OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST A/YD BOTANIST 255 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Ever since the institution of tlie Experimental Farms, much attention has been paid in our experiments with cereals to the problem of rust-resistance. Seed ^ain has been obtained from all parts of the world. The Australian and many other varie- ties said to be of special quality have been secured and experimented with, with a vie'.'j to ascertaining the rust-resisting power of each. A vast amount of useful infovr-'a- " tion will be found by looking through the annual reports of the Experimental Farms, where in the tables of yields of varieties, a special column is devoted each year to the amount of injury by rust on every vpjiety of wheat and oats grown at the differ- ent Branch Farms. The result of these experiments, as stated above, is that no varietv of wheat or oats, so far, has been found ^.vhich is perfectly free from rust, althougli by constant selection those varieties are being separated, which have the greatest power to resist "the attack of the parasites. It may be mentioned here that up to the present time experiments in spraying grain fields with Bordeaux mixture and other fungicides for the prevention of rust have not been attended with any success. EXCOURAGIXG FEATURES. There are some features of the rust epidemic of 1904 which may well be borne in mind by western farmers. 1. The extent of injury this year was much influenced by the unusual season, owing to which all crops were later than usual. The spring was late, cool and drv, followed by hot weather, which suddenly changed at harvest time to dull, wet weather of long duration. The result of these conditions was that, at the time when wheat and oats should have been ready to cut, which was the exact time when the rust ap- peared this year, not only were grain crops in an exceptionally late and succulent state, but the atmospheric conditions, which were very 'unusual for the region, were just such as would allow of the rapid development of parasitic fungi. 2. Such an extensive outbreak of rust is without any precedent in the history of the Canadian West. 3. As in ordinary seasons rust has been almost unknown in the West, such exten- sive injury as was experienced in 1904, must be considered as exceptional and not likely to occur again for many years. J. Fletcher. PERMANENT PASTURES, The following table gives* the yields from the £)ermanent pasture experimental plots for the past four years: — 25S EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDV^/ARD VI!.. A. 1905 Sked sown per Acre. Mixtures Nos. 1-17, sown May 4, 1901. Sainfoin, No. 18, sown May 1, 1903. Grasses. Clovers. Cured Hay, per Acre. 1904. June 24. [August 12. 1904. Lbs. Lbs. I Tons. Lbs. | Tons, Lbs. i Tons. Lbs. 6 Alfalfa ? 4 !.\lsike 2 Tons. Lbs. I Tons. LLs. Timothy Meadow Fescue Orchard Grass 2 Mammoth Red ... 1 Kentucky Blue 1 Common Red I Red Top 1 IWhite Dutch 2 MeadowFescue 6 Alfalfa 4 Timothy 3 jAlsike 1 Canadian Blue 2 Orchard Grass 3 Red Top 3 Timothy 5 Awnless Brome 4 Orchard Grass 2 White Dutch 1 Alfalfa G Alsike 3 Meadow Fescue 6 jConnaon Red 4 Orchar.l Grass 2 Alfalfa 3 Kentucky Blue .... 1 VVhite Dutch 1 Timothy 6 lAlfalfa G Upright Brome 4 'Mammoth Red — 4 Timothy 10 Timothy 10 Orchard Grass 18 Common Red .... G Manamoth Red 6 Alsike 5 Orchard Grass 18 |CommonRed. ... 8 MeadowFescue ... 20 l Common Red 8 Timothy 12 Mammoth Red .... 8 Timothy 12 i Common Red. ... 8 Timothy 5 j Common Red. ... 5 Awnless Brome 10 Mammoth Red — 5 Awnless Brome 25 Awnless Brome.. . 15 Timothy 8 Common Red 8 Mammoth Red ... 8 Sainfoin 40 Alfalfa 15 3 880 3 960 3 1,021 2 101 1 1,320 3 1,079 1 1,381 3 1,282 1 1,339 3 880 j 1 840 3 120 j 1 520 1 1,GS0 I 1,892 j 2 3G0 ! 1 IGO i 2 240 j 1,997 I I 2 1,980 i 1,912 3 320 JO 2 1,840 t 1 1,240 I ! 1 1,881 i 840 2 1,889 1 320 3 1,652 1 129 3 1,998 2 1,400 2 840 1 837 5 883 5 1,061 5 341 5 4G0 5 621 4 1,720 4 640 2 1,572 3 520 3 237 3 1,922 4 390 3 1,030 2 721 4 209 4 1,781 6 1,398 3 1,677 Total. 1903. 1902. 4 520 3 1,560 4 770 4 320 4 840 2 880 1 1,520 2 . SO 2 1,600 2 G80 2 1,400 2 1,920 2 1,840 1 1,360 3 360 3 1,160 4 1,160 4 40 4 660 5 120 5 1,520 4 9G0 4 760 3 h200 2 1,200 3 1,280 3 40 3 1,760 3 20 4 300 3 1,020 4 760 3 340 3 1,160 4-5 EDWARD VII, SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1905 REPORT OF THE EXPERTMEXTALLST. (Chas. E. S-U-NDiiRS, ILA., Ph.D.) Dr. Wm. Sainders, Director Domijiioii tx]ierimeiital Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I liave the houour to submit herewith, the second annual report of the Division of Cereal Breeding and Experimentation. The cross-fertilising and the selecting of desirable types among cereals occupied much time during the early summer; and, the comparative, study of the different varieties of cereals, field roots, &c., as they reached maturity, was the chief work of the later part of the season. Some attention was also given, during your absence on j-our annual visit to the branch farms, to the new varieties of hardy, hybrid crab-apples which are being produced for tlie northern parts of the Dominion. Good progress has been made during the year in the enlargement of the museuni' collection of cereals, which is proving of great value. In the month of December, 1903, I attended the first meeting of the American Breeders' Association at St. Louis, where I presented a paper entitled : ' Some Obser- ■\ations on Hereditj- in Wheat.' On the same trip, visits were paid to some of the wheat-testing laboratories in Chicago, Minneapolis and Brookings (South Dakota). Much kindness was received from Prof. Jas. H. Shepard of the South Dakota Experiment Station, who explained in detail the methods used by him in his studiea on the milling qualities of the macaroni wheats. During the winter, much time was spent in the careful study of a largo numbev 01 selected heads of wheat and other grains for the purpose of starting improved strains of some of the most important varieties. Hand selection of threshed grain, from the plots of some of the best sorts of wheat, in order to eliminate certain un- desirable t5i>es of seed, has also been carried on; vrhile the whole of the grain for th? experimental plots was, as usual, carefully hand picked before being sown. The purchase of a roller-process flour mill for the grinding of small quantities of wheat has enabled me to comn:.ence an investigation into the quality of Canadian A', heats. I am much indepted to Mr. George Fixter, for his valuable work as foreman in charge of the exijerimental plots, and to Miss M. Hager, for the great care with which she performed the work of seed selection in the difficult eases which were entrusted tK- her. I am indented also to I'rofc::sor C. A. Zavitz, of Guelph. for se-:d of a strain o: Early Yellow Soja beans, to Professor J. H. Shepard of Brookings, for an excellent sample of macaroni made at the South Dakota Experiment Station, to the Sheffield- King Milling Company of Faribault, Minn., for a large sample of patent flour made from macaroni wheat (which proved verj' good for bread making), to the Lake of the "Woods Milling Company and to the Ogilvie Flour Mills Company for fine samples of the products of their mills, to the L'nited States Department of Agriculture for som3 r:ew varieties of barley, to Mr. C. Boije of Finland, for new sorts of oats, and to Mr. 16—17 257 258 EXPERIMEXrAL / I /.'.!/ .S' 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 A. McMulleu of the Guinness Laboratories, DuWiu, for &onie extremely interesting samples of Irish barley. 1 have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, CHARLES E. SAUNDERS, E.rperim e ?i lalist. CROSSING OF CEREALS. Owing to the fact that so many cross-fertilised seeds were obtained in 1903, it v.'as ]iot deemed desirable to devote quite so much attention t^o this part of the work this year. A smaller number of crosses was therefore attempted, but most of these were of unusual interest. The results were quite satisfactory. The work of cross-fertilising was begun on June 20 and continued until July 6. Eleven different crosses were accomplished in wheat, giving 85 seeds, four in barley giving 28 seeds, and one in oats giving one seed. Some mixed crosses (wheat with barley) were also attempted but the seeds obtained were not plump and may not germinate when plaiited. The cross-fertilised seed produced in 1903 was sown on April 25. In no case were the seeds put in closer than 4 inches apart ea-ch way. This allowed .space for the study of each plant by itself. The oats, barley and peas were sown at greater dis- tances apart. Most of the seed germinated well. The following figures give the num- ber of plants harvested: Peas, 20; wheat and emmer, 416; barley, 18; oats, 4. This makes a total of 458 new varieties of grain. Most of these made very strong growth, many of the plants of v/heat attaining a height of nearly five feet. The unusual severity of rust, however, very materially reduced the yield of grain. Nevertheless, if the seed germinates well next season, it should give several thousand new varieties; for ex- perience has shown that every seed from an original cross-bred plant produces a new- variety of grain. SELECTION OF PROJ^QSING TYPES OF CEREALS. The selection of the most promising types from mixed seed found in commerce and from the newer cross-bred sorts produced at this Farm was continued this year with unusual care. Altogether nearly 300 selected strains were sown, and of these about 200 were harvested, a number of them having been rejected during the growing season on account of their lateness or for some other cause. Among these new strains are several very promising types, which are sufiaciently distinct to be ranked as new varieties. The best of these will be brought into the uniform test plots as soon as possible. The cross-bred varieties of wheat described in the report for last year (Preston, Stanley, Huron, Percy. and Laurel) were subjected to very careful re-selection, sulfi cient seed being obtained in each case to sow the one-fortieth acre plot. This has now given a small stock of grain, greatly improved in character, co serve as the* foun- dation for improved strains of these varieties. Early Riga, Dowaiy Riga, Riga and Bishop were also re-selected in a similar manner. White Fife, a variety seldom met v/ith in a condition at all approaching purity, was also treated in the same way RUST-RESISTING VARIETIES. Rust in cereals has attracte^l more than the usual amount of attention during the past season, the damage from this disease having been greater in some sections of the REPORT OF THE EXPERIMEXTALIST 259 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 country than is geuevally the case. It s&ems desirable, therefore, to call attention to the efforts which have been and are being made at the Dominion Experimental Farms to discover rust-resisting varieties of cereals. For many years careful notes have been made at the Experimental Farms on the extent to which each variety of grain has suffered; and this information has been published in the tables in the annual reports. Many new sorts of cereals (aspecially wheat) have boeu obtained from Evirope, Asia, Northern Africa, the United States and Australia in the search for rust- resisting sorts. In addition to these, many cross-bred varieties have been produced at this farm (by cro&sing ordinary wheats with macaroni wheats and wheats with emmers) in the hope of obtaining exceptionally strong types. A careful study of single plants of certain varieties is also being carried on, to see whether individuals can be found to be used as the mother plants of rust-resisting strains. These lines of investigation have not yet been followed long enough to reach very striking results, but the work is being continued on a larger scale than before. DESCEIPTIOX OF CEOSS-BKED YAEIETIES OF WHEAT. The following new varieties of wheat produced at this farm are here described for the first time. They are all being propogated as rapidly as possible, but are not yet available for general distribution. It should be noticed that Early Riga, Downy Eiga, Eiga and Bishop are valuable chiefly on account of their earliness. They are not recommended for cultivation in districts where the ripening season is long. The measurements given in the descriptions apply to the grain as grown at Ottawa. Early Riga. — Parentage, Gehun (female) crossed with Onega (male). Kernels red, rather small. Heads beardless, rather small, usually about 3 inches long. Chaff yellowish, smooth and downy mixed. Straw stiff, but not above medium height, usually about 42 inches long. Eipens very early, about 12 days before Eed Fife. Gives a rather small yield, especially in seasons when rust is unusually severe. i^Iakes ex- cellent flour. As this variety is a mixture of two distinct types, easily distinguished by the hairiness or smoothness of the chaff, it has been separated into the two varieties de- scribed below. Downy Eiga. — Obtained from Early Eiga by selection of the heads having downy chaff. Riga. — Obtained from Early Eiga by selection of the heads having smooth chaff. BisJiop. — Parentage, Ladoga (female) crossed with Gehun (male). Kernels yel- lowish, of about medium size. Heads beardless, usually about 3i inches long, rather blunt. Chaff yellowish, smooth. Straw moderately stiff, usually about 43 inches long. Eipens quite early, about 8 days before Eed Fife. Gives a fair yield. Makes very good flour. This variety resembles White Fife in some respects, but is distinguished by its rather blunt head, its much greater earliness and its somewhat smaller yield. (White Fife usually ripens with Eed Fife). Red Preslon. — The original Preston wheat gave two types of heads, some having yellowish chaff and others red chaff. The name Preston is now being used to designate only the type with yellowish chaff, as described in the Eeport of the Experimental Farms for 1903, page 219. The name Eed Preston is given to the type having red -chaff. In other respects Eed Preston resembles Preston. DOUBLE EOWS AXD OTHEE SMALL PLOTS OF CEEEALS. Well-known varieties of cereals which have been rejected from the uniform test plots as imdesirable for general cultivation are retained for reference purposes and are groirn annually in the double rows. These rows are 33 feet loug and about G inches apart; and each pair of rows is separated from the neighbouring pairs by a space of iG—m 260 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 about '> feet. lu these double rows are also sown all tbe new varieties of grain, of wliich there is onlv a very small quantity of seed on hand. When a larger amount of seed, is available a small plot is sown, but the yield per acre is not usually estnnatcd when the plot is less than one-fortieth of an acre in extent. An alphabetical list of the principal varieties grown in the double rows and other ^mall plots, during the past season, is here given. Ihe total number of these was 157. Those sorts which are given under letters and numbers are new varieties produced &■: this farm, but not yf.t named. Spying Wheat. 6 B 2 I Red Fife X Polish). € E " - 6 T 7 D (Red Fife X Roumanian). 7 E 8 C (Red Fife X Goose). S E SHI i< A 1 9 D 1 9 D2 9 G 9 HI (Common Emmer X Colorado Wheat). 9 K 2 10 C (Colorado Wheat X Common Emmer) 10 F .\lpha. Eanat. Bearded March. Beaudry. Camrbell's White Chaff. Cape. Cartier. Cassel. Chiddam March. Club. Crown. Macaroni or Dunitn ]y]ieat Early Sonora. Galician. Gurke. Herisson Beardless. Hungarian Mountain. Hungarian Red. Hungarian White. Japanese. Japhet. Ladoga. Naples. Xorval. Persian Black. Pringle's Defiance. Progress. Red Bearded. Red Preston. Red Swedish. Rideau. Robin's Rust Proof. Rye Wheat. Sicilian. Sirubes. Summer Cob. Touzelle. Victoria. Adjini Red. Adjini Yellow. Arneutka, Italian. Madonna. Mahmoudi Red. Black Bearded Spelt. Abyssinia. Aitken Black. Australian. Bayonet. Bergs (black). Beseler. Black Mesdag. Bonanza. Brandon While. Brandon Yellow. Brown Algerian. California Prolific (black). Clydesdale. Cream Egyptian. Cromwell. Dinauor. Blue Short Head. Excelsior. Foyston. Hulless White (beardless). Mahmoudi Yellow. Mishriki. Polish. Red Indian. Sleaford. Sorentino. Emmer and Spelt. Double Emmer. Oats. Doncaster Prize. Early Archangel. Early Blossom. Early Gothland. Early Maine. Eureka. Fichtel Mountain. Flying Scotchman. Holland. King. Leutenwitzer. Liberty. Miller. Newmarket. New^ ."Zealand. Norwegian Black. Six-row Barley. Petschora. Phoenix. Small Blue Naked. Oderbruch. Prince Royal. Rennie's Prize T^Tiite. Russell. Salines. Scarboro. Scottish Chief. Selchower. Sheffield Standard. Tobolsk. Tunis (brown). Victoria Prize. White Russian. White Schonen. White Wonder. Zhelannii. Success (beardless). Surprise. Vanguard. REPORT OF THE EXRERLMEyTALL^T 2G1 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Black Two-row. Duckbill. Erfurt While. Gambrinus-. Hofbrau. Alma. Bright. Bruce. Centennial. Creeper. Elder. Tiro-row Barley. Improved Thanet. Italian. Jewel. Kinver Chevalier. Large Xaked. Peas. Elephant Blue. Fergus. French Canner. Harrison's Glory. Maple. iMuliipIier. Nepcan. Prize Prolific. Rigid. Triple Naked (.beardless). Victor. Xpv.- Potter. Xorv.cgian Grey. Oddfellow. Perth. Trilby. UXIFOEM TEST TLOTS OF CEREALS, FIELD ROOTS AXD FODDER CORN. The standard and new varieties of cereals which are obtainable commercially are annually grown in plots of one-fortieth of an acre, along with the cross-bred sorts pro- duced at the Farms and a number of other varietieo obtained from various sources. The field roots and fodder corn are grown in similar plots, and the yield per acre is estimated from the crop obtained from two rows, each QQ feet long. The object of these tests is to determine the relative productiven?s-, earline??, kc, of the dift'erent varieties. Those which for a series of years are found to be distinctly inferior are rejected, and strong. efforts are made to keep the list 'within as small bounds as possible without omitting anything whicli may ultimately prove of value. The number of these larger plots grown during the past season was as follows : — Spring wheat, 98; macaroni wheat, 14; winter wheat, 20; emmer and spelt, 11; oats, SO; six-row barlev% 47; two-row barley, 28; winter barley, 1 ; pease, 34; spring rye, 1; winter rye, 4; soja beans, 3; horse beans, 2; field beans, 4: flax, 7; turnips. 40; mangels, 32; carrots, 20; sugar beets, 16; Lidian - corn, 50; mixed grain, S; making a total of 520 plots. These represent about 410 varieties, duplicate plots l^e- ing neces.sary. for special reasons, in some cases. Some of the varieties mentioned in the Report of the Experimental Farms for 1903, have been discontinued on account of lateness, small yield, or for other defects. PREPARATIOX OF LAXD FOR THE UXIFORLM TEST PLOTS. Tlie system of cultivation adopted for the land devoted to tiie experimental plots is necessarily somewhat different from that which is generally considered advisable in ordinary farming; but it is worthy of mention that abnormally large quantities of fertilising material are not employed. The land used for the plots consists of tlnve separate fields, and a three-year rotation is practisxl. Each field receives every third year a dressing of fresh barn-yard manure. This has been applied in the past at the rate of only twelve tons per acre, but this amount has been found insufficient when- ever the manure has not beemof the highest strength. The quantity is therefore being increased to 18 tons per acre. This is at the rate of 6 tons per avre for each year. While this is a somewhat larger quantity of barn-yard manure th.an is used in ordinary farming, it must be remembered that there is no opportunity in this case for the ploughing under of sod or for allowing the land to be used sometimes for pasture, as is the common practice. For these reasons it seems necessarj- to apply the manure in somewhat greater quantities than usual, thougii it cannot be fairly claimed that the land is unduly enriched by this method. The manure is spread on the ground and ploughed under in spring. This field is then used for roots, fodder corn and other hoed crops. In the autumn, after the harvest is over, tlie land is ploughed about seven inches deep, and is left in that condition until the following spring, when it is culti- vated twice with a two-horse cultivator and harrowed twice with a smoothing harrow. Cereals are then sown. After the grain is harvested the land is ploughed about three or four inches deep, to start the shed grain and any weed seeds present, and is again 252 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 plouglied a few weeks later about seven inches deep. In tlie following spring it is prepared as before and cereals are again sown. It is not', however, the practice to sow the same cereal twice in succession on the same piece of land. SELECTIOX OF SEED FOR UNIFORM TEST PLOTS. In order to obtain the seed for the uniform test plats in the best condition, and as nearly as possible in a state of absolute purity, selected heads are gathered by hand from each plot just before the grain is cut. About eight pounds of heads are harvested in this way. During the winter these selected samples are carefully threshed and cleaned by hand; and the grain to be sown the next season is thxis brought to a very high standard of purity. This method has been tised for several years with wheat and barley; and is being continued with these grains. In oats, however, the selection of heads is not usually carried out unless the grain in the plot shows signs of being mixed. It is much more difficult to select the heads of oats ; and the plots are always injured more or less while the work is being done, on account of the growth of the oats being very thick. In all cases, when the seed for the plots is not obtained by hand selection in the field, the crop. from the plot is thoroughly screened and carefully hand-picked before being sown the next season. WEATHER. Spring opened late, but the rather luuTSually cool weather during the month of May gave ample opportunity for the root gi'owth of cereals wherever the seed had ger- minated well. On some soils, however, the crops made poor progress during this month. June and July were favourable months, but August and September were wet and rather cold. On the whole the season was a good one, except for the unusual severity of rust on cereals. Late-maturing varieties and all plots sown rather late suffered most, wheat being in some cases badly shrivelled in consequence. SPRING WHEAT. The following varieties of spring wheat were added to the plots this season : — Biga. — See 'Description of Cross-bred Varieties of Wheat.' Downy Biga.— 'See 'Description of Cross-Bred Varieties of Wheat.' Pearl. — This is a beardless wheat with large, round, red kernels. It was obtalfled from Sweden. It proved late in ripening and suffered severely from rust. Saiimur. — Obtained from France under the name of Saumur de Mars. The ker- nels of the imported grain were rather large, red and soft. It gave a vei^- poor yield this season. Two other sorts, Pithiviers and Red Prolific, obtained from France, proved entirely unsuited to our conditions. Several varieties have been dropped from the luiifonn plots this year. Only one of these, however, is of importance : the variety known as White Connell. A careful study showed that White Connell is an impure strain of White Fife. It was, there- fore, rejected. All kinds of wheat were affected by rust this season, but the injury was most severe in the case of those varieties which were late in ripening, whether the lateness was due to a delay in sowing or to the habits of the varieties. The results this year serve to emphasise most strongly the importance of early sowing for wheat. The sowing of the v,-heat plots was begun on April 27, but owing to unfavourable weather, was not completed until May 2. All the plots were one-fortieth of an acre, except in the case of Pearl, where the amoimt of seed on hand was only sufficient for one-eightieth of an acre. The seed was used at the rate of 1^ bushels to the acre. The yield per acre is expressed in * bushels ' of 60 pounds. REPORT OF THE EXPERIMEyTALLST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 SPRIXG WHEAT — TEST OF VAiUirflES. 263 Name of Variety. Date of Ripen- ing. Byron* An Australian No. 28 N'ewdale* Weldon* Australian No. 21 tfastings* Admiral*. , Spence* ' 9 Bishop* 10 Chester-* 11 Australian No. 12 12 Benton* 13 Advance* 14 Redpath* 15 Xixon* 16 Herisson Bearded 17 Orleans* 18 Plumper* 19 Red Fern 20 Dawson* 21 Preston* 22 Laurel* 23 Clyde* 24 Crawford* 25 Countess* 26 Colorado 27Ebert* ._ 28 Pringle's Champlain 29 Dayton* 30 Monarch 31 Dawn* , . 32 Percy* 33 White Fife 34 Downy Riga* | July Gehun July White Russian Aug. Early Riga* Julj' Stanley* Aug. July Aug. Jii Au Fraser McKendry's Fife (Minn. 181) Australian No. 19 Rio Clrande Power's Fife (Minn. 149) July Aujr. 44 Minnesota No. 163 45 Australian No. 15, 46 Riga* 47 Australian F ! „ 48 Red Fife j -. 49 Harold* j July 50] Marvel Aug. 51iWellman's Fife. 52iBlue Stem 53iHunsrarian 54iPeari 55 Tracey* 56iHaynes'Bl'ieStem(Minn.l69)| 57i Huron* SSjSaiunur 59| Australian No. 0. be Length of Straw, includ- ing Head. ! Inches. 96 39 lOO; 44 93 99 100 97 95 94 91 93 to 41 „ 46 99; 45 99; 43 99' 40 99 1 48 99 42 99 39 99, 44 93 39 98 43 99 48 97 38 98 42 98 41 92 38 93 44 93 42 92 38 98 1 38 94 103 99 97 99 92 93 103 92 97 93 99 99 97 99 101 100 96 98 103 92 93 103 40 38 42 36 40 39 40 40 39 36 35 42 35 40 37 43 33 37 36 37 37 39 40 1031 40 102 107 104 103 99 101 97 37 48 40 46 SO 31 36 Character of Straw. Stiff 47 .. 46 .. 45 .. 44 M 43 ■ 49 „ 08 n 41 „ . . , . 47 45 M .... 42 „ . .. 50 „ 44 „ . . . 41 M .... 46 ,, .... 41 „ 45 „ 50 „ 40 „ 44 „ 43 40 „ 46 „ 44 „ 40 „ . ... 40 „ 42 , 40 „ . .. 44 „ 38 42 „ 41 42!Medium. 42;Stiff 41 „ .... 38! M 37 44 37 48 39 45 35 39 38 39 39 41 42 48 39 Medium . 50i Stiff. 42! 48! 38i 33; 38! Medium . StifiE Length of Head. Yield per Acre. oj C 00 5: rt c - § S § ■" S 5 u a* j2 Rusted. Inches 32 to 4i 27 20 3h „ 4.i27 20 4 |20 20 4 26 20 4125 40 [3 33 25 20 4 !25 . . 4 24 40 3i24 40 4 [24 40 4 24 20 4i H 4.i m 4| 41 4" 4 4J 4 120 20 4 19 40 3? 19 40 23 40 23 40 23 40 23 20 23 .. 23 .. 23 .. 22 40 22 20 21 20 21 20 21 .. 19 20 19 .. 19 .. 18 40 18 20 18 .. 18 .. 18 .. 3i'17 40 4 '17 . 3.i 17 3S16 40 3.116 40 -.1 10 40 16 40 16 20 16 20 15 40! 15 40i 15 20t 15 20! 4.i 3.i 5 3| Si 4 4 31 4 4 4.i 3^:14 41 13 201 12 40: 12 40i 12 20' 12 20| 15 ..I 14 40| 14 20; 14 20! 11 20 59A 61| 56i 60"" CH 61i 62 62 61 61i 60 59i 61 60 60 60 60 60 58-i 60.^ 59 6Ci 59.? 61" 58i 60i 60" 59^ 00 CO 59 56i 57i 01 55 58 5Si 59* 55' 5Gi Lbs. 63 00 61 59i 60i 62 613 631 62| 01| OU 60| 6U 59" CO G3i 60| 63^ ] Badly 61^ Badly. Slightly. Badly. Slightly. Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Considerably Badly. Slightly. Badly. Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Badly, Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Badly. " Cross-bred varieties produced at the Experimental Farms are marked witli an asterisk. 261 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Most Productive Varieties of Spring ]Yheat. — Excluding the macaroni wheats, which are considered separately, the most productive varieties of spring vrhcat at this Farm for the last five years have been Preston, Huron, Herisson Bearded and Pringle's Champlain. These are all bearded varieties. Preston, Huron and Pringle's Cham- plain are of good quality for milling purposes. The most productive beardless variety, during the last five years, has been Whits Fife. Red Fife (beardless) and Red Fern (bearded) have also given very good yields; while "White Russian (beardless). Laurel (beardless), and Wellman's Fife (beardless) iuive proved almost equally productive. Earliest Varielies of Spring ^M^eat. — The earliest varieties of spring wheat grown in the plots on this Farm are Harold, Ebert, Fraser, Gehun, Early Riga, Riga and Downy Riga. These sorts are not yet available for general distribution, but the best of them will be introduced as soon as possible. Prcfton, Stanley and Percy are the earliest kinds which are now being sent out from the Experimental Farms. They ripen at Ottawa about six days before Red Fife. MACARONI OR DURU]\I WHEAT. The term " macaroni " wheat is generally employed to designate those extremely liard varieties with large kernels of which ' Goose ' or ' Wild Goose ' is the best- known example in. Canada. The diiferent sorts of macaroni wheat are by no means identical in quality, but for commercial purposes they are generally considered as practically the same. They are looked upon with disfavour by millers; and farmers who grow any wheat of this class should exercise great care to prevent it from becoming mixed with wheat which is to be sold for flour-making. As a rule, these wheats suffer less from drought and from rust than other sorts. They may, therefore, in some cases, be grown to advantage, especially in rather dry districts where rust is apt to be severe. Though these varieties were attacked by rust during the past season at this Farm, it will be noticed that the evil effects of the dis- ease were not nearly so marked as in the case of spring wheats of the ordinary type, the macaroni wheats being higher in yield and in weight per bushel. They are not, however, to be generally recommended for damp climates. It should also be borne in mind that the market price of macaroni wheat is generally lower than that paid for varieties of wheat Avhich are popular for milling purposes. The plots of macaroni wheat were one-fortieth of an acre in extent. The seed was sown on May 2 at the rate of 12 bushels to the acre. The yield per acre is expressed in '' bushels ' of GO pounds. '%:' y '^' HI I VI % JiisJi o A 11 t a (L . Down'^ aiocL,^] 7k e Jtkotoara'hks show the actua.1 S/zeSc/^Ae Jieaclsf REPORT OF THE EXI'ERI.UEMALIST 265 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 MACARUXI WHKAi — TEST OF VARIETIKS. Naiue of Varietj'. Date of 1 Ripen cil ing. I Length of Straw, includ- ing Head. Roumanian ' Aug. 18 Velvet Don j .. 11 Goose i> 10 Gharnovka n 15 Black Don .. 10 Yellow Ghaniovk.i J n 15 Kubanka .... u 9 Kahla .. 14 Mahmoudi « It Medeah n "J Beloturka » 11 Inches. 108 50 to 52 Stiff I Character! Length of of Straw. of Head. Yield Inches. 10145 100 48 105' 100 105 99 104 105 99 101 47'Mediuni . . 50| „ SOjStiff 47 .- to 3 M 3 Yield ^^ cs =P 43 Si— » C per j= J Si'S Acre, '.^g"* ?« o £ 3 j:^ o 2 3 Rusted. 51 [Medium. 431 .„ . 48.Stifr OOl M . . . . 41 M .... m . 2i . 2h . 3 2h , 3 2 . n 2i . 3 2h ■ 3 2i . n 3-J -J. Lbs. » ^ 39 40 (i3 36 20 63i 35 20 63i 35 .. 62^ 33 .. 63 31 20 63 30 20 63i 26 20 60i 26 .. 59 24 20 59i 24 .. 64 Considerably. Badly. Considerablv Badly. Considerablv. These varieties of macaroni wheat have not been grown long enough to permit the drawing of definite conchisions as to their relative yield and earliness throiigh a series of years. Roumanian can, however, be recommended for its large yield. rOLISII OR CORN AVIIEAT. Much attention has lately been given by the public to a variety of macaroni v\-hcnt called 'Polish' or ' Polonian ' or 'Corn Wheat' or 'Giant Eye.' This wheat is char- acterized by extremely large, bearded heads and long yellowish kernels, and is alto- gether very striking in appearance. It has, however, been rejected from the larger test plots at this Farm on account of its imiformly very small yield, and its great sus- ceptibility to rust. During the four years ending in 1903 the following average yields were given by Polish, Goose, Eed Fife and Preston wheats : — Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. Polish 13 33 Goose 27 3 Eed Fife 31 23 Preston 33 55 WIXTEE WHEAT. Several varieties of winter wheat which had not previously been tested at this Farm were added to the uniform plots this year. They were all obtained from seeds- men in America (chiefly in Ontario), except the two Eussian sorts, Kharkov and Padi, which were kindly furnished by the Department of Agriculture of the United States. Kkarl-ov (Washington, Xo. 7786).— This is a bearded variety with rather small heads and with smooth, yellowish chaff. The kernels are red, rather small and unusually hard for winter wheat. This is a very promising variety for flour-making. Padi (Washington, Xo. 9129). — This resembles Kharkov in almost every respect except that the heads are beardless. Alundance, American Banner, Red Chief, Early ^yindsor, Invincible and Pros- perity are beardless varieties; and Silver Sheaf is a bearded sort. The plots of winter wheat were sown on September 10, 1903. All the plots were one-fortieth of an acre, and the seed was used at the rate of 12 bushels to the acre. Wlien winter set in the plots were looking well, but when growth commenced in spring many of the plots were thin or bare in some spots owing to winter-killing. In 266 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 most cases, therefore, it was deemed advisable to estim.ate the yield of grain from one-eightieth of an acre only. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels' of 60 pounds. WINTER AVHEAT TEST OF VARIETIES. j= a: a;- Name of Variety. Date of Ripen- ing. ?^,hp O c3 Red Velvet Chaff Turkey Red Abundance American Banner Kharkov Iinnerial Amber Red Chief .'■larlv Windsor [leliable Silver Sheaf Invincible Biida Pesth Dawson's Golden Chaff Early Red Clawson. . . . Golden Cross Surprise iProsperity IGold Coiii Egyptian Amber Padi Julv 31 314 315 316 314 317 317 321 31G 314 Length of Straw, inclnd'g Head Inches. Character of Straw. 55 to 50 1. 47 .. 56 ., 46 >. 50 „ 54 M 55 „ 48 n 55 ■> 316 47 31G 45 317 50 316 41 31646 319 50 31746 31538 319;40 32143 57 Medium . 52, Weak... 49' Stiff 53i „ 48jWeak . . . 52J 56. Stiff ... 571 „ ... 50l „ ..... 57' Medium, 49lSti(t .... 471 " • • 52| 43 48 „ 52l -,.... 48| 40 42 45 Length of Head. Yield per Acre. Inches . 5 3-3S 31-33 2 -21 3J-3| 3 -3i 3-33 M-4i\ 3i-3| 3 -3i' 3 -3i 22-3i 24-3 34-4 3S-4 3"-34 3i-3| 3i-33 23 »-? 40 40 39 20 39 20 38 40 38 .. 37 20 36 .. 34 40 32 .. 30 .. 28 40 26 ... 26 .. 25 20 25 20 24 .. 22 .. 19 20 19 20 1 Rusted. Lbs. 611 61" 61 61 611 58| 60} 584 63| 59 624 62' 58J 61| 634 56| 621 604 59" 594 Considerablv. Slightly. Badly. Slightlv. Badly.* Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Con.5iderablv. Slightlv. Badly.' STUDY OF THE QUALITY OF DIFFEREXT VAEIETIES OF Vv'HEAT. Reference was made in last year's report to the fact that the work of testing the quality of different varieties of wheat was being undertaken, and that preliminary tests of most of the valuable sort^ of spring wheat had been completed. In view of the great importance of quality in wheat it seemed highly desirable tliat thorough investigations into this subject should be conducted at this Farm in order both to study existing varieties commonly cultivated, and also to test all the new sorts which might from time to time be produced here, or brought into Canada from other countries. The purchase of a small roller-process flour mill made by the Allis-Chalmers Company expressly for grinding very small quantities of wheat was therefore approved by the Minister of Agriculture. This mill is now in use, and though the investiga- tions have not, at this date, proceeded very far the great value of the apparatus has already been shown. The mill is provided witii'two pairs of steel rollers, one pair corrugated and the other smooth. There is also a sifting apparatus supplied with a dozen sieves of different degrees of fineness, from Xo. 16 wire gauze up to Xo. li bolting cloth. With such a machine, it is possible to handle, with satisfaction, any quantity of wheat from a few ounces to several pounds, the most convenient amount being about one or two pounds. A good quality of ' straight '* flour can easily be produced, sufB- ciently well purified to enable the experimenter to make satisfactory comparisons between the different varieties of wheat employed. If a more highly purified product is desired it is possible, by taking special care, to obtain ' patent ' flour of very high grade. The flour made by this apparatus is being subjected to chemical and mechanical r.r.aly^is; and baking tests are also being carried on. The results of this work will be given to the public as soon as possible, with a view to encouraging the sowing (for flour-making purposes) of only those varieties of wheat which will give a product of high quality. REPORT OF THE EXPERIMEXTALIST 267 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EMMER AXD SPELT. Ill June of the present year a bulletin was issued on Emmer and Spelt, giving descriptions of the different varieties and some comparisons between these and other cereals in regard to productiveness and chemical composition. It is therefore unneces- sary to give such details in this report. Single Emmer (Triticum monococcum) is again at the head of the list this year. Its extreme. lateness in ripening is, however, a strong point against it. Comjmon ' Emmer ('' Speltz ') has not proved as productive as some other sorts this year. Two of the varieties reported upon last year have been dropped from the uniform plots, Ufa Emmer because it proved to be identical with Common Emmer, and Black bearded Spelt because of its very coarse hull and rather small yield. The plots of emmer and spelt were one-fortieth of an acre. The grain was sown on May 3 at the rate of about 120 pounds per acre. EMMER AND SPELT — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Single Emmer Red Emmer White Emmer Smooth Spelt 5 Red Spelt fiCommon Emmer TiThiek Emmer 8 vVhite Spelt 0| White bearded Spelt, to' Long Emmer Date ^^1 of p-5 Ripen- '"B -g Length of Straw, includ- ing Head. Inches. a, D -t> Character Length Yield '-'d ^ of Straw. Aug. 28( 117;35 to STiStiff 108 46 108 49 10847 109 48 10145 102145 10448 10148 120 51 of Head. u =;-: = . =S ^ c i Tier Acre, r^i-^ ^1 Inches. Lbs. Lbs. 23 to 3i 3,0b0 29i 3 ,. 3^ 2,760 36 3 „ 3i 2,540 S3 H M o>t 2,260 26 4 ,. 41 2,240 26i 2 „ 2i 2,040 40 2i „ 3 1,980 S4h 4i „ H 1,740 24 4i „ 3 1,680 24h 3i M 3| 1,220 22i Rusted. Slightly. Considerably. Badly. " Considerably. Badly. " Considerably, OATS. The varieties of oats added to the experimental plots this season are as follows : — Bauheney. — This was obtained in commerce in Ontario. It is a white oat with a loose, open head and ripens rather early. Gartons Abundance. — A whTte oat with a loose head. Originated by Garton Bros., England. The imported seed was very plump. Swedish Ligoioo. — This is a strain of the well-known Ligowo oat which was ob- tained from Sweden and is said to be an improvement on the original variety. Bell. — A black oat obtained from- Sweden. The imported seed weighed iOi lbs. per bushel. ^yh^Ung. — A white oat of about medium size and with a loose head obtained from Sweden. The imported seed weighed 45;^ lbs per bushel. Gold Rain. — A yellow oat of medium size, obtained from Sweden. The imported grain weighed 43 lbs. per bushel. This variety has a rather small, moderately loose head, and ripens early. Colossal. — A yellow oat with a loose head. Originated by Carton Bros. 268 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 This did not give evideuci Early Angus. — A -ohite oat, obtained from Ireland. thi< season of being an early variety. Xlola.—A black oat from Finland, kindly sent to this Farm by Mr. C. Boije. The seed of this variety was received too late for sowing among the regular plots. ' The plots of oats were sown on the 6tli of May, all being one-fortieth of an acre except Swedish Ligowo, Bell, Whiting, and Gold Rain, which were one-eightieth. The cold weather in May proved unfavourable for the germination of the seed and for the growth of the young plants, especially in the lower parts of the field on which these plots were situated. Later in the season the oats were severely attacked by rust. The yield from the plots has therefore been somewhat irregular and unsatisfactory. In the case of some of the varieties the yield has been estimated from only one-half of the plot, and m the ease of Bavarian, Columbus, Dixon, Golden Fleece, Prolific Black Tartarian, Swedish Select and "Wallis, it seemed best not to estimate the yield at all. a? it would have been quite misleading. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 34 pounds. OATS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Date of s.= Length ! | i^ g I of Character \ Length T3 . '-^-^l Straw, i of i^lP^^- --Siincludg Straw. '"&• ^ Head. iLmculn Aug 2|T\ventieth Century " 3;Wide Awake " 4 Garten's Abundance " 5 Uberfiuss 6 Virprinia ^Yhite Abundance. 7 MUford White* s Swedish Ligowo it American Triumph 10 Mennonite 11 Sensation 12 Bestehorn's Abundance 13 Pioneer (black). 14 Anderl lecker I') Hazlett's Seiziu-e Hi Holstein Prohfic 17 Keudal Black ' 18 Karlv Golden Prolific ID White Giant 20 i>olden Beauty 2\' Abundance 22 Iveiidal White" . . 23 Milford Black* 24 Thousand Dollar ! 25 Irish Victor '26' Banner 27 Pensc Black* 28' S^xcelsior (black) 2rt' Atlantic j ,30 < iolden Giant I 31 Great Northern j 32 American Beauty 33 Buckbee's Illinois J 34 Bell (black) I 35 Whiting 30 Gold Rain 37 IScotch Potato 38 Danish Island ' 15 101 I 10 96! 15 101' 12 98 16 102 17: 103: 15 i 101 1 12 98 161 102i 13 99 : lo: 9H; 16 102 I 15 lOli 11! 97j 15 101 16 1021 16, 102 11 97 9 95 19 105 13 99 12; 13 14 100 lo; 96i 9 95 17 103 19l 1051 Inches. 48-50 48-50 50-52 48-50 46-48 46-48 46-48 52-54 45-47 43-45 47-49 48-50 37-39 48-50 45-47 40-42 47-49 44-46 45-47 38-40 46-48 46-48 46-48 46-48 44-46 4.5-47 44-46 43-45 44-46 44-46 42-44 45-47 30-38 50-52 44-46 44-46 45-47 48-50 Medium . Weak.... ^led ium . Weak.... Stiff Medium. Stiff Medium . Stiff Medium. Stiff Medium. Stiff... . Medium . Weak... Medium . Stiff.. .. of Head. 1 j"C i - cif • YieldCs^.l per rSg-c S Acre, rs 5: 5 J; Inches. .12 s 8 - 9 7^9 8i- 9^ 8|- 9S Si- 9| Si- Oh 9 -10' 71-9 7i-8^ 7-8 8^- 9 Si- 91 7-85 Si- 9"" 9h-10i 8"- 9 10 -11 8 - 9i 91-lOi 8l- 9 8^9^ 8i- 9?j 10 -11 71- 8h 8-9" Si- 9i 94-10^ 8"- 9 8^ 9h 9 -10 8-9 81- 9i 5i- 6i 8"- 9i 18-9" 8-9 8^- 9| 1 8i- 9 Ip2 ■ 98 8' '93 18: '89 14l 89 14; 87 22 85 30 85 10 84 24 !80 20 179 14 '77 2 Lbs. 36i .S4i 36 34i 34" 35 33j 39i 33; 33i 37 •3.5i 34| 37i .33" 173 181 172 12 172 12 '71 6 ,71 6 71 6 70 20 70 20 70 70 69 14 69 14 09 14 '68 28 67 2 166 16 65 10 64 4 63 18 60 58 28 58 28 57 Rusted. Badly. Considerablv . Badly. 36i „ 33h „ 33 Considei-abl}-. 35 Badly. 35 „ r.3 II m „ 36i „ 35 „ 34 „ 35i „ 34i „ 37 mh 33 „ 34i „ 36 „ 304 ,1 36^ „ 38 34i 341 " Considerablv . *Cross-bred varieties produced at the Experimental Farms are marked with asterisk. RIU'Oh'T OF THE EXl'KRIMEXTA LI ,^T 269 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 OATS — TEST OF VARIETIES — Concluded. ^^ of " = Ripen- o"S ing. Name of Variety. Big Four Aug. Iti Goldtinder ,, lli Olive White' „ 17 Black Be.autj' ■ « 17 Improved American „ 17 Colossal „ 13 Olive Black* „ 20 Forbes* , ,. 20 Early Angus ., 19 Pense White* ! .. 16 Daubeney j .i 15 Tartar King , i, 12| Sorgeufrei I „ 12; Welcome n llj Improved Ligowo « 16 Joanette (black) „ 20 Probstey ' n 17: Chinese Naked n 11 Golden Tartarian m 20 Siberian n 19 Waverley .< 18 Storm King ; „ 11) Length of , Character Straw, of in chid 'g Straw. Head. Length of I Head. Yield per |-tiS-= 5 Acre. I'o i; i =- 102 102 103 103 103 90 106 ; 106 105 i 102 101 ! 98' 98 97 102 106 103 97 106 105 104 105 Inches. 45-47 40-42 45-47 44-46 42-44 48-50 40 -42 44-46 47-40 41-43 44-46 38-40 42-44 44-46 40-42 36-38 44-46 38-40 47-49 45-47 45-47 40-42 Stiff. Medium. Stiff r^Iediuui. Weak.... Medium. Stiff iWeak Stiff. (Medium. . Inches. 7A- Sh 54 8i- 9l 54 94-10 J 53 8"- 9" 53 8^- 94 53 9i-ir 50 8h- 91 47 9i-10i ;47 84- 9| 46 8l- 9h 46 8"- 9' :45 84- 94 45 44 Stiff . I 64- 74 61-74 \ 74- 84 8-9" i „ .:...' 54- 64 Medium.. 104-114 Stiff 84- 94 1 , 8"- 9' .. 10-11 M 181 18] 18 20 2j 2' 16 16 10 10 4 IS 12 6 121 26 6 10 20 ' Lbs. 33 33 34 32 34 33 33 344 32" 354 32 314 37" 35^ 34 324 33 504 294 33 32 31 Rusted. Badly. Most Productive Varieties of Oats.^The most productive varieties o£ oats at tliis Farm during the past five years have been White Giant, Mennonite (yellow), Hazlett's S<^izure, Holstein Prolific (white and yellow, mixed). Lincoln, Banner and Uberfluss twhite and yellow mixed). Columbus (yellow), Golden Beauty (yellow) Goldea Giant (yellow), American Triumph. Sensation, Wide Awake and Abundance have also done very well. The most productive black oat during the past five years has been Black Beauty. Earliest Varieties of Oats. — Taking the average of the returns for the past five years, Tartar King is the earliest variety of oats which has been grown on this Farm for the full period. The following varieties, which have not been grown for the full five years, are also of interest on account of their earliness : Welcome, Daubeney and Gold Kain (yellow). SIX-KOW BAELET. The following varieties were added to the uniform plots this year : — Escourgeon (' Escourgeon de Printemps,' ' Carree de Printemps'). — This variety was obtained from France. Black Japai}. — Obtained in commerce in Ontario. This barley is distinguished by the fact that its hull is very dark in colour. The kernel itself is rather dark, but not so dark as the hull. Eclipse. — This i.s a so-called ' six-row Chevalier ' barley originated by Garton Bros., England. It does not resemble the Chevalier type. Bere. — This is a variety of barley well-known in Great Britain, where it is some- times referred to as ' four-row ' barley. It. however, belongs to the six-row class. The seed for the plot arrived very late and could not be sown with the other varieties. The 270 EXPERIilEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 date of ripening and the luiniber of days required for maturing are, therefore, not recorded this season. The plots were all one-fortieth of an acre. The seed was sown on May 5 at the rate of 1| bushels to the acre. Both the yield and the quality of the grain were satis- factory. The yield per acre is exi:)re5sed in ' bushels ' of 4S pounds. SIX-P.OV,' BARLF.Y — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Date of Ripen- ing. >,tii Length 5.51 of ^|! Straw-, c "S I includ- 6'^ in? ;z; Head, IjStella* ]Aug. 2!Nugent* 'July Baxter Aug. Yale* Escourgeon Sisolsk Common Odessa Argyle* • Summit* Claude* Mensury Black Japan Blue Long Head Empire* Garfield* Rennie's Improved ... . Bere 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 18 19;Brome* July Ausr. July Aug. 1| 88 31 87i 2 80: l! 88! li 88] 2! 89 28 84i 31 87| 4 911 88| 90 July Aug. 23 84 3 90 C 93 3' 90 3 90 28 84 HuUess Black Oderbruch Albert* Royal*.. Norwegian ! m Eclipse I " Trooper* July Silver King I Aug. Champion (beardless) — Mansfield* Chine.'^e Hulless 3 4 3 i 4 41 29| 85' 2' 89 ?• 90 13i lOOr 7 94| 90 91 90. 89; 881 91 01 Inches. 42-44 4.S-4.5 39-41 42-44 40-42 40-42 3(J-38 30-38 36-38 38-40 37-39 36-38 28-30 34-36 36-38 39-41 34-36 28 30 .S7-39 34-36 38-40 36-38 30-32 34-SG 35 -.S7 28-30 30-32 35-37 32-34 30-32 Character Length of of Straw, i Head. Yield- I)er 1^ c5^ c5 ti) Acre. cc 2^ 5 g ; Stiff . Inches. 3i-4 |u8 4 -4i 50 Medium. Stiff.... Weak . . , Stiff Weak . . , Stiff Medium . Stiff... . i Medium. Stiff Medium . H-^^ 46 32 2i-3i 45 20 2 -2h 45 3i-4| 44 8 31-4 43 36 4-44 43 16 3 -.Si 43 16 S^4i 43 16 3A-4.I 43 16 3i-l 42 24 2 -21 41 32 3 -3.V 41 12 31-4 41 12 3i-4 40 40 3-3t 40 3-3^ 39 8 22-3r 37 24 3--!* 37 4 3 -3| 4 -4| 36 32 36 12 Lbs. 51 50i 51" 48 54 3i-33 31-4 3 -3| 3 -3| 3i-4i 3"-3| 3 -3^ Rui5ted. Slightly. Con.siderably. Slightly. 51 49^ 49i 495 50"" 49| 49i 'Considerably. 42' I 48 5U 45 51 6U 50i 49 .50 47 52 49i 48i 42" 45 Siightly. Badly. Slightly. Considerabb, Slightly. Badly. *Cro5S-bred varieties produced at the Experimental Farms are marked with an asterisk. Most Productive Tariefies of Six-row Barley. — Taking the average of the returns for the last five years, the varieties of six-row barley found to be the most productive at this Farm are Stella. Blue Long Head, Odessa and Mensury. Earliest Varieties of Six-row Barley. — The differences in enrlinoss to be obs-erved among the varieties of sixri'ow barley are not very striking. Among the earliest sorts are Mensury, Common, Odessa and Stella. Beardless Six-row Barley. — The tests carried on at this Farm indicate that Cham- pion is the best variety of beardless barley that has been grown here. It gives, how- ever, rather a small yield. It ripens early. Hvlless Six-row Barley. — The mo.st productive variety of hulless barley which has been tested at thii^ Farm is Hulless Black. This is a bearded sort. REPORT OF THE EXPERIMEXTALIST 271 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 TWO-ROW BARLEY. Several additional varieties of twn-row barley were included in tlie plots this season. Swedish Chevalier, Princess, Primus and Hannchen are selected strains of seed from Sweden, kindly supplied to ns through the courtesy of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. Swan's Neck is another variety received from Sv/eden. The seed of all these new sorts was very plump and heavy. The plots of two-row barley were sown on May 4, the seed being used at the rats of two bushels to the acre. The plots were one-fortieth of an acTe. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 48 pounds. TWO-UOW CART.EV — TE^T OF VARIETIES Length ' J of ; Cliaracter i Length Straw, i of i of inclucli'g Straw, i Head. Head 1 ;Swedish Chevalier r A 2 Swan's Neck I 3 Canadian Thorpe.. 4iFrench Chevalier ! .5iPrincess Sialof ! GIBestehorn's Kaiser i TiPiimns SiPrincess ' DjStandwell lOjGordon-' | 11 Invincible 12[ Jarvis* ... l3|Brewer"s Favourite 14[Newton 1.5!Danish Chevalier 16 Fulton* 17Clifford* ; 18] Hannchen | 19:Fichtel Mountain 26 Beaver* . . Sidney'"'. . Harvey""'. Pelham'^' . Plumage . Maltster. Logan* . . Dunham* i' 92 4' 92 4J 92 5, 93 9' 97 7i 95 4 92 « 94 7 95 3 91 8' 96 89 96 96 92 .)1 91 90 95 89 91 94 91 96 101 98 100 Tncli 25- 32- 28- 31- 28- 26- 31- 28- 28- 30- 40- 27- 26- 33- 34- 34- 26- 30- 39- 31- 33- 33- 32- 25- 31- 32- -27 j Medium.. -34 Stiff -3o: „ 331 M . ... -30 Medium. . -28: „ . . -33 Stiff. ... -30 Medium.. -30 .. . . ■32 Stiff -29 Medium.. -42 Stiff. ... -29, Medium.. -28 Stiff -35 .. -30 .. -36j : -281 , -32 Medium. . -41 [Stiff -33 •. -35 .. -35 M •34 „ _ -27 JNIodium. . -33 ,. .. -34 .. . . Yield ^s J:. S .per -&|^i •- a* 3 0) Acre Inche?. § 3i-4i|47 3i-3|46 3 —34 44 3^—4 44 32-4i43 3 — 3J 43 3 — 3| 42 3.9— 4l;42 3i-4 ill 2i^— 3i!39 3 -3S 36 4-4S 3i-3| 3 — 3^ 4 — 4A 31— 3||32 3.^-4 132 31—4 32 4'— 4*32 4 — 4i|31 3i-4 3|-3| oh-H 3i-3^ 2.V-3 35-4i 3i-4 Lbs. 52i 51| 52 511 51 50i 52" 51 51 51i 50h 51i 5U 50 51 521 52' 53i 52 50^ 52 51i 49 52i 49i 46| Rasted. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerabh'. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Badly." ^Cross-bred varieties produced at tlie Experimental Farms are mai-ked with an as- terisk. Most Productive Varieties of Two-rov: Barley. — Taking tlie average of the returns for the past five years, the varieties of two-row barley found to be the most produc- tive at this Earm are : French Chevalier, Canadian Thorpe, Beaver and Danish Chevalier. Earliest Varieties of Two-row Barley. — The earliest among the more productive varieties of two-row barley grown at this Farm are : Beaver, Jarvis and Gordon. These ripen, as & nile, about two days before French Chevalier and Canadian Thorpe. 272 EXPEBIMEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 AVIMER SIX-ROW BARLEY. A variety of six-row winter barley known as Zero,. Avas added to the plots of autumn-sown grain in 1903. This barley was introduced by Garton Bros., England, who claim extreme hardiness for it. A plot of one-eightieth of an acre was sown on the 10th of Septembei-, 1903, though the amount of seed on hand was only sufficient for a rather thin sowing. The plot was partly winter killed, but gave a yield at the rate of 41 bushels 32 lbs. per acre. The date of ripening was July 28. Turtlier tests of the hardiness and productiveness of this barley are being made. PEASE. The plots of pease were one-fortieth of an acre each. The seed was sown on the 4th of May at the rate of from two to three bushels per acre, according to the size of the pea. The crop produced this season was larger than the average. A few of the less productive varieties of peas grown in previous years have been discontinued. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 60 pounds. PEASE — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. 1 Date i-'^ Length of 1 •" of Ripen- ^ '^ Straw, ing. includ g ^.'^ Head. Chai-acter | of ] Straw. I Length of Pod. IjMackay* 2| Victoria* 3, Golden Vine. . 4 Prince* 0, Prince Albert. 6lArcher* 7iPicton* .. 8; King* 0' Cooper'*. ...... 10'Xel.son* 11 12 13 14 1.5 IC 17 18 1ft 20 21 22 23 Prussian Blue White Wonder. 11. . Agnes* Kent* Field Gray., Wisconsin Blue . . . German White Daniel O'Rourke. . Gregory* White Marrowfat. Canadian Beauty.. Macoun* Black-eyed Marrowfat Aug. 24 Chancellor. " 25 Arthur* | " 26 Munim V < « 27 Engli.sh Gray I •■ 28 Early Britain i ■> 29 Pride 1 -- 30 Crown 31 Duke* 32 Pearl* 33 Carleton* 34iParagon* 13; 101 19; 107 12^ 100 141 102 101 103 100 13 101 14 102 111 99 141 102 9, 97 12, 100 15 103 10 98 15 103 10 98 10 98 191 10' 13 101 13j 101 19 1 107 13: 101 9; 97 Hi 99 19 1 107 13- 101 14 102 9 97 lOi 98 12: 100 ni 991 13 101; 8: 961 Inches. 45-50 55-60 50-55 55-60 GO-65 45-60 40-45 50-55 4.5-50 30-.35 55-60 30-35 45-50 43-48 25-30 45-50 45-50 35-40 40-45 40-45 55-00 60-65 45 50 45-50 50-55 43-48 45-50 40-45 35-40 40-45 40-43 45-50 45-50 20-25 Strong Medium. i " Strong. 'Medium. Strong. Medium. Strong. Weak!!. Medium . Strong. Medium. Strong. 5 [Weak . . . Inches. 2i-2S 2i-3 2''-2.!; 2 -2| 2i-2| 2i-2| 2^-23 2 -2i 2i-2| 2 -2I 2 -2I 2 -2I 2^2| 2^-2* 1^2| 2 -2h 2 -2| 2 -2i 2^-3 2A-3 2"-2i 2h-3~ 2"-'>| 2i-2| 2|-2| 2 -2i 2i-2| 2 -2h 2 -2h 2i-2| 2^-3 l|-2i 2I-2I Yield per Acre. pq 1-^ 15 40 45 .. 42 20 42 .. 41 20 41 20 41 .. 39 40 39 .. 38 40 38 20 .37 40 37. 20 36 40 36 40 35 20 34 40 34 .. 34 .. 33 20 32 .. 32 .. 31 .. 30 .. 29 40 29 40 29 20 27 20 26 26 25 23 22 21 20 Z^ fcc 4; 2 £ Lbs. 62 62| 63i 62S 62' 6^ 64 63i 64 64 64 63i 64 62.1 63 64i 63 62^ 63| 62 63 63 02 634 63; 63" 62 61 02 64 63i 64 03 ^•Cross-bred varieties produced at the Experimental Farnis are marked with an asterisk. REPORT OF THE EXI'ERIMKXTALIST 273 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Most Productive Varieties of Peas. — Taking the average of the returns for tlie last five years, the varieties of peas found to be the most productive at this Farm are :— Golden Vine, Prussian Blue, Paragon, Cooper, Prince and Kent. Earliest Varieties of Peas. — Chancellor appears to be the earliest ripening variety. It ripens, as a rule, about 4 or 5 days before Golden Vine and gives a good yield. SPPJXG EYE. One plot of spring rye (one-fortieth acre) was sown on May 3. the seed being used at the rate of one and one-half bushels to the acre. The rye made strong growth and was ripe August 7 (96 days). The straw was stiff, its length (including the head) being 64 to 66 inches. The length of the heads was from 3| to 4^ inches. The rye was slightly attacked by rust. The yield, exin-essed in ' bushels ' of 56 lbs., was 34 bushels 36 lbs. per acre; and the weight of the grain (after cleaning) was 58i lbs. to the measured bushel. WIXTEE EYE. Four varieties of winter rye were sown on September 10, 1903. The plots were one-eightieth of an acre. The seed was used at the rate of li bushels per acre. Giant and Emerald were obtained from France, Mammoth "White was procured in Xew York State and Thousandfold in Ontario. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 56 lbs. WIXTER RYE — TEST OF VARIETIES. i. ^ 1 u — s ee-a w-^ LfS i 5S T! § =« Name of Variety. Date of Character Yield c c Ripening. .s of Straw. o per Acre. Rusted. — o ti bD o be tCi-Ji ^ 6.B M 5 .... '5 so > In. In. Bush. lbs. Lbs. iGiant July 25... ,S19 63-65 Weak .... 4i-5.| 70 40 56i Xo rust. 2 Emerald .. 25. . . 319 63-65 Medium. . 4A-5i 62 48 .55 ,1 3 Mammoth White - 21... 315 60-62 1. Stiff 4i-5 57 48 5i)i „ 4 Thousandfold .. 23... 317 66-68 31-4 40 .. 60 GEAIX SOWX IX DIFFEEEXT QUAXTITIES PER ACEE OX SAXDY LOAM. These experiments were all conducted on plots of one-fortieth of an acre each. The wheat was sown May 3 and was ripe August 9. The oats were sown May 3 and were ripe Augtist 9. The barley was sown !^^ay 3 and was ripe August 2. The results of the test.s in previous years are published, for comparison, along with the figures obtained this year. 16—18 274 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Xame of Variety. Quantity Sown per Acre. Number of Days from Sowinc to Harvcstin"'. Yield per Acre. 1901. i 1002. i 1903. i 1904. 1901. 1902. Preston Wheat 1 bushel.. 1^ bushels li Bus. Lbs. i Bus. Lb.=!. Banner Oats Mensury Barley. U n 100 100 100 100 100 100 33 96 96 96 96 96 84 84 84 84 84 84 108 108 108 108 108 108 107 107 107 107 107 107 9o 95 95 95 95 95 108 98 108 98 108 98 108 98 108 98 108 98 108 98 108 98 , 108 98 108 98 i 108 98 108 98 105 91 105 91 105 91 105 91 105 91 105 91 10 20 15 .. 19 40 20 20 21 .. 19 40 41 6 59 14 57 2 43 IS 31 26 35 10 35 35 37 19 43 11 42 19 39 23 43 11 24 .. 20 40 15 20 10 40 20 40 17 20 60 .. 45 30 52 32 50 20 50 20 54 4 40 40 28 16 27 24 37 24 26 32 45 .. loc:: 1904. Bu.s. Lbs. |Bus. Lbs. 15 .. 14 20 20 40 15 20 13 20 16 40 63 18 56 16 79 14 84 4 88 8 67 22 61 32 60 .. 54 28 40 12 47 44 35 40 22 20 24 20 20 40 17 20 17 20 26 40 43 18 78 8 75 10 77 22 92 12 84 4 35 40 49 8 40 40 32 24 41 32 52 44 GEAIN SOWN IN DIFFERENT QUANTITIES PER ACRE ON CLAY LOAM. These experiments were all conducted on plots of one-fortietli oi an acre each. The wheat was sown May 5 and was ripe August 8. The oats were ?own May 5 and were ripe August 8. The barley was sown May 5 and was ripe July 28. The results of the tests in previous years are published, for comparison, along with the figures obtained this year. Number of Quantity Days from Sowing tn TTrirvpstino'. Yield per Acre. Name of Variety. fiovm per Acre. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1001. 1902. 1903. 1904. Bus. Lbs. Bus. Lbs. Bus. Lbs. Bus. Lbs. Preston Wheat 1 bushel.. 97 108 108 95 28 20 24 40 28 40 16 40 l\ bushels 97 108 108 95 28 20 24 40 30 .. 23 40 11 11 H .. 97 108 108. 95 29 29 20 30 40 25 to 11 II 2" 11 07 108 108 95 26 20 28 .. 28 .. Z.U 20 11 11 2J> 11 97 108 108 95 26 20 30 .. 29 40 21 20 11 11 3- 1, 97 108 108 95 25 24 40 28 20 19 20 Banner Oats li 11 92 111 110 95 58 28 63 18 72 32 64 24 2" 1, 92 111 110 95 65 30 62 12 78 28 (;:{ 38 11 11 2.V 11 92 111 110 95 67 o 72 32 74 4 71 6 11 11 3 92 111 110 95 64 24 67 2 80 20 65 10 1 11 3't 92 111 110 95 01 6 70 20 84 24 75 10 11 11 . 4" - . 92 111 no 95 57 22 67 2 88 28 66 16 Mensury Barley li 1. 83 99 103 84 37 04 8 54 28 48 36 ,, „ 2 1 83 99 103 84 40 35 70 40 59 28 46 12 11 " I2i 1, 83 , 99 103 84 44 3 68 16 48 16 52 24 „ .1 13- 1, ! 83 ! 99 103 84 45 35 69 8 50 .. 56 12 J, ,, i:^ .1 83 1 99 10.", 84 45 35 .65 .. 50 .. 51 32 i4 83 ' 99 103 84 44 O 62 24 1 58 16 1 54 8 HE PORT OF THE EXPERIllEXTALIST 275 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 PLOTS OF MIXED GRAIX, It lias been tliouglit well to undertake some experiment-s in growing mixed grains, especially with a view to determining which varieties should be selected when two or more kinds are being sown together. In choosing the varieties for these plots the greatest care is exercised to sow together only such sorts as are known to mature in almost the same number of days, so that they may both be ready for cutting at the same time. Only one column is given for the number of days maturing, as in every case the mixtures ripened with great uniformity. The plots were ore-fortieth of an acre, and the seed was sown on May 7, at the rate of one biishel per acre of each variety. In some instances this did not seem to be a large enough quantity of seed. It is therefore proposed to increase the amount next season. Wheat and Oats — Preston wheat and White Giant oats. [Aug. 1.3 Wlieat and Two-row Barley — Gehun wheat and French Chevalierj barley , I .■ 5. Wheat and Pease — Huron wheat and Arthur pease ■. 10. Oats and Emmer — ^ I Banner oats and Common emmer . .\ . ' .. 13. Oats and Two-row Barley — j Welcome oats aud French Chevalier barley I i, S. Wallace oats and Princess Sialof bar-' ley ' „ 10. Oats and Pease — White Giant oats and Chancellor pease I .i 11. Two-row Barley and Pease — ! Maltster barley and Paragon pease . . . i i. 14 . h cs C Date 0"S ft of Ripening. "=1 2 t3 ^ ?H Lbs. Proportions in Crop Harvested. 98; 2,110 24 per cent wheat ar.d 70 per SO, 1,880 42 i 95 1,70052 2,560 72 2,180'57 95 1,S20'60 I 97 2,52080 99l 2,32o'59 oats barley 70 per cent oats. 58 II barley. 48 pease. 28 cinnier 43 II barley. 40 1, 20 pea.se. 41 II II SO.JA BEAXS. In addition to the Common Soja Beau, experiments were tried this season with a selected strain of Early Yellow Soja Bean kindly supplied by Prof. C. A. Zavitz, of the Ontario Agricultural College. All the plots were sown on May 2S and cut on October 17. The size of the plots was one-fortieth of an acre. Xone of the beans ripened properly. Early Yellow Soja Bean. — The beans were sown with a hand seed drill in rows 2S inches apart, and made strong growth, reaching a height of 30 to 35 inches. Total yield of green crop, 4 tons GOO lbs. per acre. Common Soja Bean. — Two plots of this variety were sown, the beans being put in with different distances between the rows. Plot 1. — Sown in rows 21 inches apart; growth strong and even, leafy; average height 3.5 to 38 inches; total yield of green crop, 4 tons 1,200 lbs. per acre. Plot 2.— Sown in rows 2S inches apart; growth strong and leafy; average height, 35 to 3S inches; stalks considerably stiffer than in Plot 1; total yield of ^reen crop, 4 tons 1.400 lbs. per acre. 16— 18J 276 LXl'LlUMEyiAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 HORSE BEAKS. Two plots of onc-fortietli acre eacli were sown on May 28, with the rows at differ- ent distances apart. The plots were cut green on October 17. The beans did li' ' ripen. Plot 1. — Sown in I'ows 21 inches apart; growth strong, but rather thin; pods fairly numerous; height, 40 to 45 inches; crop all stood up well; total yield of green crrj . 3 tons 1,600 lbs. per acre. Plot 2. — Sown in rows 28 inches apart; growth very strong; pods fairly nunierou> : height, 40 to 45 inches; crop all stood up well; total yield of green crop, 5 tons 400 lb-. per acre. FIELD BEAXS. Eour plots of field beans were sown this season, in continuation of some experi- ments which have been carried on at this Earm for several years past, but which have not previously been mentioned in the Annual Report. The plots were one-fortieth of an acre, and the beans were sown on May 2S. The yield per acre is exi^ressed in ' bushels ' of 60 lbs. FIELD BEANS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Xame of Variety. Date of Ripening. No. of Daj's Maturing. Length of Straw. 1 White Field 'Sept. 22.. 2' Marrowfat I " 22. . 3 California Pea Bean . . n 3. . 4 Norwegian Brown A.^g- 27 . . 117 117 98 91 23-27 25-30 15-17 14-16 Length of Pod. Yield per Acre. Inches. Inches. :Bush. Li-. 4 -4^ 3^4" 3i-4^ 5'-5| 46 40 42 40 33 20 26 40 FLAX. Uniform test plots of flax, one-fortieth of an acre each, were commenced this season for the purpose of ascertaining the relative productiveness and earline?s of the different varieties. The seed of most of the kinds was obtained from France. The seed was sown on May 28 at the rate of 60 pounds to the acre. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 56 lbs. FLAX — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety , I Date I No. of Length I of ' Days j of Ripening. Maturing, i Plants. Yellow Seed Novarossick White Flowering Riga Russian 6iCommon 7 La Plata Sept Aug. 21.. 23.. 15.. 22.. 11.. 12.. Sept. ) 6.. 85 87 79 86 75 76 101 Inches. 31. S3 28-30 27-29 35-37 34-36 31-33 26-28 52i 53i 55^ 55i 54| 55' 52 Yield per Acre. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 20 .. 19 10 16 40 15 10 12 20 12 .. 11 1© RFA'OUT OF THE EM'JJh'lMFXTALI.sT 277 SESSIONAL PAPER No 10 TURXIPS. Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on Z^Iay 17 and the second on May 31. The seed was used at the rate of about four pounds per acre. Before sow- ing, the laud was made up in drills two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land rollei", which flattened the drills nearly one-haK, leaving a firm seed bed. When the young- plants were about three inches high they were thinned out, leaving them about seven inches apart in the rows. The roots were pulled on two different dates : October 1-1 and October 28. The yield per acre has been calculated from the weight of roots gathered from two rows, each 66 feet long. A good yield was obtained. In Canada the ton contain.? 2,000 lbs. TURXIPS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Xame of \';iiietv. Magiium Bonum Kangaroo Hall's West but y button's Champion. . . . .'mperial Swede ....... Sale wood's Bronze Toj) lartley's Bronze Mammoth Clyde Fumbo Emperor Swede Good Luck Perfection Swede ... . Drummond Purple Top Carter's Elephant JElephant's Master Skirvings Selected Purple Top . . . East Lothian New Century Bangholm Selected Yield ' Yield per Acre \ per Acre from from 1st Sowing, 2nd Sowin 1st Pulling. 1 1st Pallinp Tons, 42 40 40 39 39 37 37 36 36 36 36 35 35 34 33 32 31 31 30 24 150 850 272 1,860 45 1,817 1,652 1,672 1,342 930 435 785 372 227 1,155 1,010 1,007 205 885 1,830 17 17 20 24 19 19 20 16 18 18 19 17 18 20 18 18 18 15 17 18 1.310 980 1,827 15 32 1,765 1,910 1,990 1,207 1.290 1,022 1,887 1,125 260 135 630 217 360 1,970 1,207 Y ield Y ield per Acre per Acre from from 1st Sowing, 2nd Sowin? 2nd Pulling. 2nd 1 'ulling 1 Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs 47 545 25 1,480 45 255 27 945 46 1,060 31 535 41 1,490 26 965 44 1,595 26 965 41 1,985 26 1.625 45 1,245 31 1,030 39 705 25 1,645 41 335 23 1,025 38 890 22 1,870 37 1,900 25 1,315 45 915 26 1,625 41 500 28 1,090 44 1.265 25 1,150 37 250 24 1,605 41 1,.325 26 470 41 170 25 655 37 1,570 23 530 47 545 28 925 32 350 26 1,955 Tons. Lbs. The average yield from the 1st sowing, 1st pulling, wa:^ The average yield from the 1st sowing, 2nd pulling, was The average yield from the 2nd sowing, 1st pulling, was The average yield from the 2nd sowing, 2nd pulling, was 35 1,255 41 1,845 IS 1,657 26 073 :\[AXGELS. Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on ^lay 17, and the second on May 31. The seed was used at the rate of about six pounds per acre. Before sowing, the land Avas made up in drills two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller to make a firm seed bed. When the young plants vrere about three inches high they were thinned out, leaving them about seven inches apart in the rows. The roots were p\illed on two different dates : October 14 and October 28. The yield has been calculated in each case from the weight of roots gathered from two rov>s, each Q(J feet long. 278 EXPERIMEyriL ri/^-T/.S' 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 MA^'GELS — TEST OF VARIETIES. 1^ Name of Variety. 1. Prize Mammoth Long Red. 2' Half Long Sugar White 3 Mammoth Long Red . Yield per Acre from 1st Sowing, 1st Pulling. Yield per Acre from Yield per Acre from 2nd Sowing,! 1st Sowing, Yield per Acre from 2nd Sowing 1st Pulling. 1 2nd Pulling. 2nd Pulling, Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. Tens. Lbs. 37 167 36 1,507 31 1,030 Mammoth Yellow Intermediate 34 722 Yellow Intermediate... i 32 1,257 Giant Yellow Intermediate 1 32 1,175 Triumph Yellow Globe ! 31 40 Lion Yellow Intermediate ! SO 637 Prize Winner Yellow Globe j 30 142 Leviathan Long Red I 29 1,482 Selected Mammoth Long Red : 29 80 Giant Sugar Mangel ! 28 1,090 Giant Yellow Globe ' 27 285 Half Long Sugar Rosy ; 26 1,542 15,Selected YeUow Globe i 24 1,665 16 Gate Post | 24 1,005 17 18 17 17 16 16 16 17 15 14 16 15 13 14 14 16 815 1,785 897 1,640 1,907 1,495 422 1,310 1,762 1,452 340 1,185 1,390 957 1,287 670 29 39 38 33 32 32 27 29 22 34 24 23 20 30 24 26 245 1,035 395 1,815 1,010 680 1,770 1,070 880 1,465 1,995 695 920 1,050 1,665 470 Tons. Lbs. 29 20 19 18 16 20 18 18 16 20 15 16 13 17 14 17 1,235 1,745 940 135 175 260 1,290 795 670 1,085 195 1,660 1,885 1,805 1,370 815 The average yield from the 1st sowing, 1st pulling, was The average yield from the Ist sowing, 2nd pulling, was The average yield from the 2nd sowing, 1st piilling, was The average yield from the 2nd sowing, 2nd pulling, v/as Tons. Lbs. 30 1.27T 29 823 16 582 18 754 CAEROTS. Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on May 17, and the second on Mcy 31. The seed was used at the rate of about four pounds per acre. Before sowiua:. the land was made up in drills two feet apart and rolled with a hea^'y land roller to make a firm seed bed. When the young plants were about three inches high they were thinned out, leaving them about five inches apart in the rows. The roots were pulled on two different dates : October 14 and October 28. The yield has been calculated in each case from the weight of roots gathered from two rows, each 66 feet long. CARROTS — TEST OF VARIETIES 1 Giant White Vosgcs 24 1,995 2lOntario Champion 24 840 3 New White Intermediate 24 592 4' Mammoth White Intemiediate 23 200 5 Improved Short White 21 1,560 6 Long Yellow Stump Rooted 19 1,930 ^Carter's Orange Giant 19 1,022 8 Half Long Ghantenay ! 18 1,950 9 Early Gem ' 18 300 10 White Belgian ■ 17 815 Y ield i Yield per Acre [ per Acre from i from 1st Sowing, 2nd Sowing 1st Pulling. 1st Pulling. Yield per Acre from 1st Sowing, 2nd Pulling Yield jier Acre from 2nd Sowing, 2nd Pulling. Tons. Lbs. Tons 21 10 18 19 20 16 17 13 17 14 Lbs. Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. 570 30 1,545 22 1.045 1,165 26 965 24 180 1,785 24 1.S35 20 755 1,600 27. 1,110 IS 1,785 1,415 27 1,110 22 1,045 1,330 25 325 19 610 1,805 22 1,870 21 1,395 1,225 17 1,310 13 70 1,805 16 1,495 IS 1,290 710 18 630 13 895 REPORT OF THE EXf'ERIMEXTALI.'iT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Tons. Lb3. The average yield from the 1st sowing, 1st pulling, was 21 520 The average yield from the 1st sowing, 2nd pulling, was 2?, 1,570 The average yield from the 2nd sowing, 1st pulling, was IT 1,541 The average yield from the 2nd sowing, 2nd pulling, was 19 007 279 SUGAR BEETS. Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on May 17, and the second on Ma.y 31. The seed was used at the rate of about six pounds per acre. Before sowing, the land was made itp in drills two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller to make a firm seed bed. When the young plants were about three inches high they were thinned out, leaving them about five inches apart in the rows. The roots were pulled on two different dates : October 14: and October 28. The yield has been calculated in each case from the weight of roots gathered from two rows, each 66 feet long. Though all the varieties mentioned here are commonly classed as sugar beets, it should b-? noted that the only ones recommended for use in the manufacture of sugar are Wanzle- ben, French Very Rich, and Yilmorin's Improved. SUGAR BEETS — TEST OF VARIETIES. j Yield per Acre ■v.^ c ~t-r ■ . from ^.ameof^anety. 1st Sowing, I 1st Pulling. ! j Tons. Lbs. Red Top Sugar ; 32 762 Royal Giant 1 31 40 Danish Improved . . . | 27 532 Danish Red Top | 26 222 Improved Imperial I 23 ] ,272 Wanzleben 1 21 982 Vilmorin's Improved j 19 1,847 French Very Rich 17 1,062 Yield per Acre from 2nd Sowing, 1st Pulling. Tons. Lbs. 18 465 18 135 15 1,680 14 380 15 277 15 1,432 12 585 11 110 Yield per Acre from 1st Sowing, 2nd Pulling. Tons. 31 31 26 29 18 18 24 Lbs. 700 535 945 1,955 410 1,785 465 345 Yield per Acre from 2nd Sowing, 2nd Pulling. Tons. Lbs. 18 18 17 17 18 16 11 16 Tons Lbs. The average yield from the Ist sowing, 1st pulling, was. The average yield from the 1st sowing, 2nd pulling, was. The average yield from the 2nd sowing, 1st pulling, was. The average yield from the 2nd sowing, 2nd pulling, was. 24 1.840 25 1.892 15 10 133 1.866 465 795 9S0 1,640 1,620 505 935 1,990 IXDIAX CORN. The corn was sown with the seed drill in rows thirty-five inches apart, and was also sown in hills thirty-five inches apart each way. When the plants were about six inches high they were thinned out, leaving them from six to eight inches apart in the rows, and leaving four or five plants in each hill. The seed was sown June 7, and the corn was cut green for ensilage September 16. The yield has been calculated from the weight of crop cut from two rows, each 66 feet long. For the making of ensilage the corn should be cut when the kernels are in the late milk or doughy stage; but the summer at Ottawa is not always v/arm enough to bring the later varieties to this state of maturity before it is necessary to cut the crop to avoid frost. Thoronghbred White Flint was omitted this season, as it was not found possible to obtain seed of this variety in good condition. In Canada the ton contains 2,000 pounds. 280 EX I' Eli I M EX TAL EA h'MS EDWARD VII., A. 1905 IXDIAX CORN — TEST OF VARIETIES Height. ' Lcafiness. Condition when Cat. Weight per Acre grown in Rows. "Weight per Acie grown in Hills. 1 lEureka 2 Superior Fodder 3 Giant Prolific Ensilage . 4 Salzer's All Gold 5 Red Cob Ensilage White Cap Yellow Dent Earlj' Butler Mammoth Cuban Pride of the North Early Mastodon North Dakota White. . . 12 Cloud's Early Yellow . . 13 King Philip. 14 Champion White Pearl. 15 Comptons Earlj' 16 Longfellow 17 Evergreen Sugar 18 Angel of Midnight 19 Selected Learning btrong Very strong. Medium Strong Very strong. Strong.. Medium Strong.. Medium Strong.. Medium Strong Inches. 100-105 110-115 105-110 100-105 105-110 85- 90 90- 95 100-105 105-110 100-105 65- 70 95-100 70- 75 95-100 75- SO 65- 70 75- 80 70- 75 100-105 Very leafy . . Early milk Medium ... ■Very leafy. .' » Leafy ' n Very leafj'. . Late milk Medium Early milk Leafy « \ >' .... " Medium .... Late milk Leafy i Earlj' milk Medium.... n Leafj' Late milk Very leafy..] .i Leafy lEarly milk Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. 20 140 21 570 25 600 28 100 24 1,500 22 1,320 23 420 26 1,680 21 1,780 23 970 21 1,780 23 530 19 910 17 1,750 18 1,730 19 1,380 18 8.50 20 370 18 520 14 820 17 1,.530 18 520 17 980 17 870 17 320 19 ."^SO 16 1,330 15 140 16 835 19 1,820 15 1.240 17 1.200 15 1,240 16 120 14 1,590 17 1,200 12 750 13 200 The average yield from tlie rows was 19 tons 109 poimds per acre, and from the hills, 19 tons 1,183 pounds per acre; showing an advantage, this season, of 1,071 pounds per acre in favoiir of the corn grown in rows. IXDIAX CORX SOW'X AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES. Three varieties were chosen for this test : Champion "WTiite Pearl, Selected Team- ing, and Longfellow. The seed was sown June 7 and the com was cut for ensilags September 16. Sixteen rows of each variety- were sown, that is, four rows at each of the distances mentioned, and the yield per acre has been calculated from the weight of 01 op obtained from the two inner rows in each case. The length of the portions of the rows cut for weighing was GCj feet. Name of Variety. Distance between the Rows. Character of Growth. Height when Cut. Conditioi when Cut. Yield per Acve. Champion White Pearl In. 21 28 Very strong. In. 90— 95 105—110 105—110 105-110 95—100 100-105 100-105 100—105 70- 75 80— 85 80— So 80— 85 Early inilk Late milk. 1 Tons. Lbs. 1 . 22 1,927 . 18 060 35 42 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 Medium . 19 1,050 " . 21 48S Selected Learning .... . 22 1,300 . 17 08(1 . 20 1,030 . 20 1.5-18 Longfellow 17 209 . 10 7 14 1,810 . 16 1,052 It will be seen that, in every case, the largest yield was obtained from the rows which were closest together ; thoujgh the corn in these rows was not so tall as in the others. NEPORT fjf THE EXI'i:iiIMi:\TALl.'. Reasons for the high price of strictly new laid eggs in siunmer. 4. Effects of early moulting on the summer egg supply. 5. Delay in the resumption of egg laying after the hens have moulted. G. Early piillets required for fall layers. 7. Are fowls as good layers one season as another ? 8. Some reasons why pullets should be kept longer than one year. The experimental work proper of the year is described in detail, and includes among other mattters : — The treatment of the laying stock la.^t fail so as to have them to go into winter quarters in proper condition. Effects of various rations on groups of fowls of different ages. Artificial and natural incubation and results. Continued investigation into the cause or causes of so many weak germs in eggs laid in early spring by hens which were kept in warm houses and fed for egg produc- tion. Particulars are given in a number of tables. Results of exi3eriments to show how long after removal of the male bird from the breeding pen fertilization of the egg remains strong enough to hatch a strong chicken. The outside limit so far appears to be five days. An important location of tuberculosis in fowls sent from British Columbia. The result of a post morlem examination by Dr. Higgins of the veterinary laboratory. During the summer a pov;ltry house, consisting of two divisions of 10 feet by 8, with scratching shed attachment 10 by 11 was erected. It is arranged and fitted accord- ing to the most approved and up-to-date designs. In the use of this hou.se. which con- tains 25 pullets in each division, much valuable experience is anticipated. On the morning of April 8 last, fire was discovered in the centre office of the main poultry building. It was fortunately extinguished before it had made serious headway, but not before 35 birds in adjoining pens had been suffocated; 75 early chickens wera also burned to death, and one thousand eggs, set apart for incubator use were destroyed. This mishap caused delay in getting out early chickens and in the sending out of egg.s for hatching pui'poses. 233 234 EXPERIMEMAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 I have much pleasure in testifying to the ability and zeal displayed by my assist- ant manager, ITr. Fortier. His skill in the manipulation of the breeding stock and his care and success in the operation of the incubators and brooders were most marked. As a result of the latter, many details of valiie are embraced in this report. Mr. George Deavey, I am happy to say, has shown interest and displayed energy in the discharge of his duties, with which, from long experience, he is now so well acquainted. There were erected during this season, in addition to the poultry house mentioned, a temporarj- incubator room; colony houses of different sizes and design; brooders for incubators; trap nests, &c., &c. Two incubators of different patterns were also pro- cured. During the year addresses were delivered by the writer at Meaford, Winnipeg and at different points in Cape Breton, X.S. Mr. Fortier delivered 43 addresses at meetings held throughout the province of Quebec during the months of January and February last. In March he attended a poultry show at St. Jerome, and another in August at Ayer's Flat. In August and September he attended poultry exhibits at Sherbrooke, Richmond and Ottawa. In the latter case the exhibit was made, during the month of September, at the annual fall show of the Central Canada Association, and consisted of an unusually attractive and instructive display, which elicited much appreciative comment. Inquiry, both by letter and person during the year, in relation to all branches of poultry-keeping was greater than ever. It may be taken as a fair instance of the gratifying development that is rapidly taking place in the poultry branch of farm vrork, and which our experimental work is so well calculated to advance. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, A. G. GILBERT. Before giving an account of the work of the past year it may be interesting and profitable to discuss certain features of poultry development which have made them- selves evident during that period. It is gratifying to note that the poultry branch of farm work continues to make steady and satisfactory progress. Where fowls of the utility t5T>es are kept progress has been most rapid, and as a sequence of proper fowls and their good management results are satisfactory, because remunerative. Perhaps in no previous year has development in the more advanced phases of poultry-keeping bc-en more apparent, more discussed and more inquired into than in the past twelv; months. It may be asked what is meant by advanced phases of poultry-keeping ? ADVANCED PHASES OF POULTRV-KEEPING. By advanced phases of poultry-keeping are meant the thorough understanding of and putting into practice such methods of up-to-date management as experience has shown to be best calculated to enable producers to fill the requirements of the different markets of to-day to their greatest profit. A thorough and practical appreciation, then, of latest methods of management, as well as of the requirements of the maik;et, is very necessary to success. Producers should realize that methods of poultry-keep- ing change from time to time, as do the requirements of the markets, and always in the way of advancement. It is to the advantage of producers to study the different features of the markets they are catering to. The city markets of to-day differ from those of even three and four years ago. There is an ever increasing call, from both REl'ORT OF TEE POULTRY MAXAGER 285 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 home and abroad, for better tbings and more of tbeni. The most suitable product rG»- celves the highest rakie. SO.ME FEATLRES OF THE EGG AND POULTRV MARKET. The markets of to-day maj- be described as follows : — 1. — A winter market with a growing demiand for strictly new laid eggs for w'hich high prices are paid more readily than heretofore. An article of guaranteed freshness, however, is required. A farmers wife in the neighbourhood of the city writes on the 10th of jSTovember last (1904) ' that Mr. H. Gatehouse, poultry and game dealer, 806 Dorchester street, Montreal, has written offering me 40 cents per dozen for new laid eggs, but, they must not be more than 4 days old. His former limit was 10 days.' This shows a more exacting demand. It illustrates the trend of the market. 2. — A summer market imperatively calling for strictly new laid eggs with unim- paired flavour. They must also be of inviting appearance. The well-known firm of pairveyors, Messrs. Bate & Son, Sparks street, Ottawa, paid as high, during midsum- mer last, as 25 cents per dozen to those frouj whom they could get eggs guaranteed strictly new laid. A member of the fiinn. explained to the writer that these eggs wer^^ for customers ' who would take no other kind." He added, ' and I will give now (August) 25 cents per dozen for such guaranteed strictly new laid eggs.' 3. — Ax Early Summer axd Later Months Market for chickens of good size, cor- rect tAi^e and in good condition, for which fairly remunerative prices are paid. The demand by the purchasing houses of Toronto heretofore has been for early 3J to 4 months of age chickens for export. As to whether it will pay best to kill and dress those chickens for sale on a local or near city market, or to sell them alive, is a feature of the business requiring careful study. So far results go to show that, if the chicks are early and of requisite type and condition, it is best to sell them alive to one of the large purchasing firms for expert. Mrs. Joseph Yuill writes ' that last spring she sold her first lot of early hatchet.1 chickens to the Canadian Produce Com- pany of Toronto at 20 cents per lb. live weight.' But she must have had exceptional facilities for rearing the chickens at such an early season. It is to be remembered that these early chickens cannot be had except by artificial means, as pointed out in i-eports of previous years. ■ A STRIKIXG FEATURE. The new and striking feature of the above situation is the enhanced price paid for guaranteed strictly new laid egg's in the summer months, and the effect it may have on the raising of chickens. It is in the summer niontlis that chickens are hatched on the great majority of farms. The question occurs if the eggs are consumed where are the chickens to come from ?" The reasonable conclusion is that whatever branch of the business pays the pro- ducer best is the one he is most likely to prosecute. Apart from the inducement offered by the high prices of last summer, it does seem as if the production of eggs during the summer would commend itself to the farmer, at any rate, as it is likely to be attended with the lease trouble to him at a time of year when he is busiest. Looking at egg production by the farmer in winter tlie following is taken from departmental i-eport of last year (1903) p. 245 : ' Observation has shown that there is a greater likelihood of a larger and more immediate supplj" of new laid eggs in winter fro::\ thv farm, than of the superior quality of market poultry in later months. For the reason that so many farmers have more time in winter to care for their laying stock (and which attention is absolutely necessary) than they have in spring and early summer to devote to the hatching and rearing of chickens.' So it would seem that from both summer and winter standpoints the production of eggs is likely to be attended with the least difficulty to the farmer. We have also a skilled poultry authority, Mr. Boyer, 23g EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 1905 giving the following advice to an inquirer in a recent number of tlie American Poultry Journal to ' confine himself to the production of eggs as being the most profitable.' It is not likely, however, that a dearth of chickens will immediately follow, and it is quite possible that the high prices of summer and autuian eggs of the past two seasons may not be permanent. But it is a significant phase of the situation and one that th-; student of events is bound to take cognizance of. WHY SUiniER EGGS HAVE BEEN SO HIGH. It is an interesting phase and remarkable instance of the rapidity with which poultry keeping is taking place to find siunmer egg prices which have usually been 10 and 12 cents per dozen, attaining such values as 18, 20 and 25 cents for the same number. Eggs of the cheaper varieties were certainly to be had at the same time, Tjut the increasing demand was for the better article. To the oft-repeated query, ' Why should new-laid eggs be so high at this season V the reply wa^ almost invari- ably given by the dealers, 'Because they are hard to get,' which was doubtless true, but it is not the only reason. A more likely one is that consumers of the better class have found out, or, are being fast educated to the great difference there is between the clean looking, new- laid egg, with the delicious flavour it should always have, and the comparatively stale article. It is fast being realized that flavour and appearance can only come from carefully-fed and cleanly-kept fowls. Certainly in both api)earance and flavour are the first quality eggs preferable to those laid by hens which have access to filthy sub- stances, dirty water, &c., and deposit their eggs in unclean and ill-smelling nests. Another reason may be that the more exacting demand for such carefully-selected eggs has resulted in city dealers buying from only reliable persons, who can be depended upon to send only what is wanted. These producers must be near the city market, or railway shipping point. A new laid egg stales quickly and shipments must necessarily be made frequently and in small quantities, in order to permit of the choice article being placed, as fast as possible, in the hands of the consumer. And the wideawake city purveyor finds out the number of hens the producer has, for he knows that no one with a few hens can save up eggs to make a large shipment without having the greater number of them in a stale condition. It is all important then that the producer should realize the value of and be guided by the following points : — 1. An egg, as soon — after it is laid — as possible should find its way to the con- sumer. 2. After being taken from the nest, the egg should be kept in a cool, sweet-smell- ing cellar or cupboard, and the flavour so preserved from contamination. 3. The nests in which the eggs are laid should be clean and free from odours. 4. The food of the fowls should be pure and wholesome. 5. It should be a strict rule to have no male bird with the hens which lay egg-s for market. The eggs will so be unfertilized, which is desirable. 6. For breeding purposes in spring time select a suitable number of the best- shaped, best-laying and largest hens, and mate with them a male bird of good type and undoubted worth. These should be kept in separate quartei-s. Wlien all the eggs desired for hatching purposes have been secured, the male bird should be disposed of and the hens kept in the breeding pen for two weeks longer before being allowed to run with the others. The above plan will do away with the necessity of having several male birds running promiscuously with the laying-hens in order 'to have eggs for hatching.' THE MOULTIXG SEASON. Another cause which to a certain extent may be affecting the usual summer supply of eggs, is the practice, becoming rapidly more common, of having fowls moult in L'fJPOh'T OF THE POVLTRT MIXAGER 287 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 July, August ov September. And in this connection there i.s another striking in- stance of rapid development in improved methods. Hardly had summer moulting been shown to be possible and comparatively easy — in the months named — than we had efforts more or less successfully made to shorten the period. The moulting season is one of non-production, during v/hich moulting hens do not lay. It is advisable then to have the season of non-production at a period at which eggs, heretofore, have been at their lowest value, viz., .summer. It is also necessary to have hens moult in summer in order to have oggs in winter. It has been a common practice in past years among farmers, and the practice is yet too frequent, to have their hens lay well in spring time, summer and fall, and moult during winter, the period of high prices. With the adoption of the method of having their hens moult in summer may, possibly, come a reduce,! production of eggs at that season and likely an increased output in win- ter. In report of last year, while referring to the subject, it was remarked ' that an increased winter supply of eggs and a less number in summer might result in the evening up of prices.' The trend of the markets to-day is towards a much higher summer value. The effect on the winter market of the past two years was not notice- able. Prices were rather higher last winter than ever before. EFFORTS TO SHORTEX THE MOULTIXG PERIOD. The moulting period usually occupies a period of 10 to 12 weeks, extending from end of July to end of September. The proprietor of a large poultry plant in the United States, and who was among the first to practice early moulting, claims to secure satisfactory results in 8 to 10 weeks. His method is to put his fowls at the beginning of July on quarter rations for ten or twelve days, meanwhile, keeping them in limited runs. At the end of this time the fowls are allowed full range and their rations increased to usual quantity. Cut bone, or, boiled livers, &c., &c., are fed, in liberal quantity two or three times per week. A correspondent, in Xova Scotia, thought that with a diet of boiled and crushed beefheads, grain, grit, a free run. a,nd access to grass, or, vegetables, 6 weeks should be the outside limit of the moulting period. But developments take place quickly and we now have ]\Ir. James Shackleton in his book on ' System in Poultry Keeping,' making the statement that it is unnecessary that hens should stop laying in order to moult. He says : ' Control of season and duration of moult are possible * * * * Perfect health and condition of fowls, freedom from damp and dirt in houses and absence of lice are essential to any control of moulting.' In a following page will be found full information as to care and treat- ment of the birds so as to bring on and expedite the moulting period. DELAY IX RESUMPTION OF WIXTER LAYIXG AFTER 5I0ULTIXG. Another interesting phase of poultry keeping which, in connection with summer moulting, has made itself apparent in recent years is delay in the resumption of e^;^ laying after moulting. There seems to be an unnecessary and certainly unprofitable delay in the resumption of laying after the hens have moulted and are seemingly in the very best condition. This delay has also been noticed in early pullets, which show every indication of laying, but do not. A cause for this state of affairs is now engaging the attention of the best authorities on winter egg laying. In relation to the subject, the following quotation from an editorial in ' Farm Poultry ' of Xovem- ber 1 last, will be read with interest: — 'Soon after November 1 letters will begin to come to us from all quarters and the burden of the refrain of all will be. '"' Why don't my hens lay ? " Ea.ch writer will tell how well developed his pullets are, hov/ they have for some time looked as if they ought to lay, how well they are housed, fed and cared for, and how perversely, in spite of all the conditions being right, nature re- fuses to compel the pullets to produce the proofs of that fact.' Perhaps this delay in 288 EXVERIUEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 the resumption of winter laying has been more marked in the present season than in any previous one. While there are doubtless causes, yet not apparent, close observa- tion has shown that any of the following too common practices, is deterrant to early winter laying, viz. : — 1. In the case of pullets, neglect in care or feeding which has resulted in their becoming immature. 2. Moving hens or pullets from place to place when winter egg laying is expected. Put the birds into their winter quarters and let them remain in them, undisturbed. A run from pen to limited outside run is beneficial. 3. Overcrowding after being put into winter quarters. This applies to botii hens and pullets and is more generally practised than is imagined. 4. Unnecessary exposure of pullets or newly moulted hens to cold fall rains, or, damp quarters. 5. Placing birds, suffering from colds, in laying pens instead of hospital. Xeglect- ed colds generally end in roup. 6. Lice infested fowls which, usually, is synonomous with filthy quarters. 7. Pullets from constitutionally weak, poor e^g laying, or slow maturing strains of fowls. 8. A mistaken notion of economy which leads to the feeding — to growing pullets — of oats (very often of poor quality) instead of wheat, buckwheat or corn. 9. Hens improperly fed during their moult or allowed to hatch chickens late in the season. 10. Hens which have become overfat from being overfed during, or, soon after moulting. EARLY HATCHED PULLETS TO THE RESCUE. For the scarcity of eggs during the months of September, October and early part of November, and which has already been commented on, the practical remedy seems to be early-hatched pullets. In order to have pullets laj'ing in these months they would requir»e to be hatched out in April and early May at the very latest. Farmers should certainly have no difiiculty in having them at that time. Experience has shown that to have pullets laying in July or August would necessitate their being hatched in January or February, and by artificial means, for it would be almost impossible to get broody hens at that season. For this reason, pullets so hatched are not likely — for some time to come, at least — to be as numerous as those later hatched. Eecords of our department show the following dates at which early artificially-hatched and reared pullets began to lay : — 1. Brown Leghorn pullet, first egg in July 1", when 4 montlis and 20 days old. 2. Two White Plymouth Eock pullets, first eggs on July 28, when 5 months of age. 3. A Cross-bred pullet, on July 28, when 5 months old. 4. A W. P. Kock pullet, on August 1, when 5 months and 3 days old. On another occasion several Ba.rred P. Eock pullets hatched on March 26, began laying when 5 months of age, which would be at the end of August. April and early May pullets laid at different dates in late September and October. Some of these were hatched by hens and others by incubator. WHAT experh:xce has showx relative to early pullets. Experience in connection with the hatching of pullets, intended for early layers, leads to the following conclusions : — Pullets to prove early layers should come from hens which have shown them- -eelves to be early and prolific layers. (By Frmik T. Shult.J Experimental Farm new Poultry House, with Shed attachment. Showing windows dosed during heavy snow storms, at night, or on very cold days. Windows face South. , Bji Frank- T. Shuitj Same Poultry House, showing windows of scratching shed njicn on fine bright days. Through windows closed or open sunshine has easy access to Interior. Wire netting in front of window. REPORT OF THE POULTRY MAXAGER 289 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 To make fall layers, pullets should not be hatched out later than second week in ifay. Pullets should be gently pushed from time of hatching. Early-hatched pullet* should not be fed too much stimulating food, or they will begin to moult instead of laying. Pullets intended for early layers should have a separate run and not be crowded. Some strains mature much more quickly than others. This applies to all varieties. Where eggs only are de.sired, a pullet from one of the Leghorn, Andalusian, Minorca or Hamburgh breeds will be found to make rapid maturity. Where early egg-laying and flesh development are required, one of the Plymouth Eock. Wyandotte, Orpington, Dorking or Faverolle varieties will be found suitable. Evei-y effort should be made to hatch chickens from none but the best strains, i.e., the most prolific egg-layers and best market types. This may entail some extra trouble, but it is necessary to ensure the beneficial results, almost, sure to follow. ARi: FOWLS AS GOOD LAYERS ON'E SEASON AS ANOTHER ? This is a question of great import. It is an interesting feature of poultry-keep- ing worth inquiring into. Records of egg-laying by pullets and hens in our depart- ment, extending over eight years, go to show that pullets which laid well during their first winter did not make as good layers the next, when hens. It was also shown that pullets which were poor layers duriug their first winter season did remarkably well when bene the next one. If tbe experience in the first instance was not offset by that of the second, it would go far to warrant the practice, on the part of many poultry keepers of holding their pullets for only one year and then disposing of them. Doubtle-ss it will take the results of several years, yet to come, to confirm or modify the experience already noted, but meanwhile it is a phase of modern poultr^'-keeping worthy of remark as having made itself conspicuous on more than one occasion. REASONS W"nY FOWLS SHOULD BE KEPT LONGER THAN THEIR FIRST YEAR.' While the practice of keeping pullets for only one year has many advocates and some good features, experience has led to the conclu-ion that its general adoption is not advisable in the poultry intei-ests of the country, for the following reasons, viz. : — Pullets, as a rule, do not lay as large eggs as they do when they are hens. The larger egg of the hen receives the better price and is preferred by city dealers. Hens are preferable for breeding stock, for a pullet is admittedly an immature fowl. W^riting recently on this subject, an eminent breeder strongly advises, ' that the breeding pen should always be composed of two-year-old hens of undoubted merit.' At twelve months of age a fowl is not old enough to prove her worth as an egg- layer, or as being of suitable market type. EXPERIMENTAL AVORK OF THE YEAR. Preparation for winter work began (as it should do in every case) in the fall. By the end of September last a number of the laying stock were well over their moult ; a mouth later found them all in new feather and good condition. As in previous years care was taken to avoid getting these prospective winter layers in an overfat condition, v;hich, through a desire to hasten winter laying by too heavy feeding, is often done. As noted in a previous page there is apt to be a tantalizing delay from the time the layers complete their moult until they i-econimence laying. It is likely, as a result of the improved methods now in vogue, that this interregnum will bo shortened, and in the near future. On November 10 the cold weather set in and the fowls went into their winter quarters. The different breeds were culled of undesirable specimens and were ar- ranged in the pens of the different poultry hoitses as shown on page 255 of report of last year. 1003. As far as possible the pullets and older hens were placed in separate 16—19 290 EXPERIMENTAL FAL'ilS 4-5 EDWARD VII.. A. 1905 buildings in order to permit of a correct ogg record being kept. Wben arranged ac- cording to varieties, or, breeds tbe fowls presented a bealtliy and pleasing appearance, the result doubtless of tlieir Laving tbe benefit of outside run imtil closed in. THE IXTRODUCTIOX OF SUPERIOR BREEDING STOCK. On December 13 several new males and females of superior quality and appear- ance were added to those already in stock. The male birds which had been purchased at the Guelph Fat Stock Show, held in the beginning of the month, were exceptionally fine breeding stock and as they were mated with selected females, their progeny were unvisually good. Those persons who purchased eggs from the hens of these matings last spring, could not have failed to be pleased at results, where good hatches were secured. WIIEX THE PULLETS BEGAN TO LAY. The pullets of the different varieties began to lay as follows :^ White Wyandotte pullet, November 8. Buff Orpington pullet, November 11. Jubilee Orpington pullet, iNovember 11. Silver Grey Dorking pullet, November 12. Cross-bred pullet, November 20. Barred P. Rock pullet, November 26. FIRST HENS TO LAY AFTER MOULTING. The following hens were the first to resume laying after moulting: — White P. Pock hen on November 6. Phode Island Ped hen on November 7. Barred P. Pock hen on November 9. White Wyandotte hen on November 11. Buff P. Pock hen on November 11. By the middle of the month (December) winter laying had become general. The weather was unusually cold and during the holiday season — at the end of the month — the demand for new laid eggs was very great with a rather limited supply, probably due to the early and continued severity of the weather. EXPERIMENTAL RATIONS AND THEIR EFFECT. In order to ascertain their worth as winter egg producers and their effect on the health of the fowls, a number of simple and cheap rations, such as could easily be pro- cured on the farms of the country, were made up and fed to groups of birds of dif- ferent ages in manner, quantity and frequency, as follows : — Pen No. 1 icas composed of 10 Barred PJymov.ili Bod- hens of one, iivo and three years of age. Their rations u-ere: — A.M. ration— I lb. of grain — J wheat, ^ oats. Noon ration — 1 lb. of mash, composed of J shorts; i ground oats; i gluten meal. P.M. ration — Same as morning. REPORT OF THE POULT RT MANAGER 291 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The result in eggs during the months named was as follows : — 1903. Xovember 19 December 37 1904. January 5-i February 25 March 82 April, up to 7th instant, inclusive 19 236 A fire which occurred in the main poultry building on the morning of April 8 necessitated the immediate liberation . of the birds and they became for the time- being vmavoidably mixed. This mishap prevented the continuation of the test beyond the date given. The experiments have been resumed this season under similar condi- tions. Pen Xo. 2, composed of 10 one, tivo and three-year old Barred Pli/moiilh Booh hens were fed, as foUoics : — A.M. ration — 10 ozs. of grain, of which J was oats and s wheat. Xoon ration — 3 days of the week 10 ozs. of mash of same composi- tion as in Xo. 1 pen. Remaining 4 days, 10 ozs. of cut bone in lieu of mash. P.M. ration — Same as morning ration. Result in eggs was : — 1903. November 10 December 48 1904. January Go February 37 March , 98 April, up to Tth instant, included 26 2S4 Pen Xo. 3 contained 10 White PJiimoxdli BocJc hens one and two years of age. Their food v:as : — A.j\r. ration — ^ of a lb. of wheat. Xoon ration — ^ lb. cut bone and 2 lbs. beets on alternate days. P.M. ration— 2 lb. wheat. Xumber of egg- laid : — 1903. Xovember 2.5 December 31 16— 19i 292 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 1904. January • • 32 February 21 March 62 April, up to Ttli instaut, inclusive 20 107 Fen No. 29 v:as composed of 9 pure-l/red hens of different varieties. Their ra- tions numbered only two per day and icere : — AM. ration — 2 lb. of grain, viz., g wheat and h oats. P.M. ration— '' '' " " ■ Every clay 1 lb. of beets. Number of eggs laid : — 1903. November 2 December 41 1901. January- 33 February 30 March S2 April, up to 7th in.«tant, inclusive 5 193 Pen No. 30, composed of 9 pure-hred pullets of different varieties. Their rations were two per day, viz.: — A.M. ration — | lb. gra.^n, composed of s oats and a wheat. P.M. ration— 1 lb. mangels every day Result in eggs was : — 1903. December 29 1901. January 28 February 19 March 61 April, up to 7th instani:, inclusive 19 1.56 Pen Xo. SI, contained 9 pullets of Barred P. Eoch and Broicn Leghorn cross. Their rations ivere fed twice per day : — A.M. ration — J lb. grain, composed of § oats and i v(-heat. P.M. ration— *' " " " " 1 lb. of roots every day. KErORT OF THi: rOULTRY MAyAUER 293 SESSIONAL PAPER Nc. 16 Xumber of eggs laid were : — 1903. ^November 12 December 64 19(14. January 107 February 50 March 90 April, to Ttli instant, inelu;;ive 18 311 CONTIXUED IXVESTIGATIOX INTO CAUSES OF WEAK GERMS IX EARLY SPRING EGGS. For several j-ears past experiments have been conducted with the object of ascer- taining the cause of so many weak germs in eggs laid in early spring. The weak germs directly affect the profitable hatching and rearing of early chickens. It is, therefore, important to discover the cause, or causes, and remedy, if possible. The fowls under observation were in two groups and kept under the following conditions : — Group 1. — Hens were kept in artificially warmed compartments. They had laid fairly well from early December. They had been gently stimulated to lay by generous feeding. They were in numbers of 10 to 15 in pens, each S x 14 feet dimensions. Thej' were confined to these pens from early winter until spring weather permit- ted their getting to outside runs. Results noted were : — That the germs of the eggs from these hens were so- weak as to die in large numbers in progress of incvibation. Chickens when hatched were weak. That the germs remained weak until the hens had opportunity, in spring, to get to outside runs and recuperate. That the germs apparently became strong about the middle of April, and when set at, or, after that time, gave good results. See reports of previous years. Group -. — The hens in this group were in cold quarters, which were two rough divisions of a shed. Into this shed there was opportunity for limited run. Eggs from these hens were collected soon after being laid, or they would have been frozen. The hens were heavily fed and laid exceedingly well. The germs of the eggs laid by these hens, iu early spring, were strong and hatched 9 and 10 chickens per setting of 13 eggs. The chickens grew well. The hens were mated with vigorous cockerels. Results were considered in favour of fresh air and plenty of it even if it was cold. Similar experience on the part of farmers and poultry-keepers has led to the more general adoption of the poultry -house with scratching shed attachment. Illustra- tions and descriptions of poultry-houses so constructed, are shown in reports of poul- try department for 1902 and 1903. In these reports will also be found details of the experimental work carried on, up to that time, in connection with the germination of eggs laid in early spring. IXCREASED OPPORTUNITY FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION. In order to permit of further examination into this important phase of poultry- keeping, a poultry-house of moderate dimensions with scratching room attachment and arranged and fitted in the latest and most approved methods, was erected during 291 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 the past summer in close proximity to our main poultry building. A brief descrip- tion of this poultry house is as follows : — Size of building, ineluding scratching sheds, outside measurement, 12 x 40 feet. Size of roosting rooms, inside measurement, 8 x 9'6 feet. Size of scratching sheds, inside measurement, 11 x 9'6 feet. The walls of the building are of 2 x 3-inch studding, covered with rough boards and matched lumber v/ith tarred paper between and battens on joints. The roosting rooms, inside walls and ceilings are sheeted with rough lumber. The partitions be- tween roosting rooms and scratching sheds are also sheeted with two-ply rough boards with tarred paper between. The floors of the roosting rooms, one scratching shed and passageway are of con- crete. The floor of the remaining scratching shed is of sand placed on a foundation of twelve inches of rough stones. The building is painted on the outside and in the passageway inside with two coats of paint; on the other parts inside are two coats of whitewash. A building of similar size and calculated to give almost equally good results could be constructed of rough lumber, and a floor of rough boards or earth take the place of the concrete. Whitewash could also be used on the outside in lieu of paint. The estimated cost of such a building would be about $2.75 per running foot, the lumber being calculated at $15 per thousand and shingles at $3 per thousand. ARTIFICIAL AXD NATUKAL IXCL'BATION — HATCIIIXG CHICKENS AT DIFFERENT SEASONS AND RESULTS. The work of examination into the strength of germs in eggs laid early in spring was continued last season. During the winter the male birds had been placed with the hens in Nos. 1 and 3 houses. On February 20 last, fhe fii'st incubator was filled. In previous years hens were mainly vised as hatching and rearing mediums, but last season artificial hatching and brooding were generally adopted. With the object of comparison as hatching mediums a certain number of hens were used. Experience of past years has clearly shown that where mid-winter or early spring experimental work is carried on in the testing of the fertility and strength of the germs of eggs, or, hatching of chickens, artificial means are indispensable for hens as hatching mediums are impossible to be obtained in requisite numbers at that season. When the hatching- and rearing of broilers for the spring market is carried on as it is by many establishments, operations generally begin early in December or January. In such cases incubator room and brooding house or houses are imperative means to an end. In the following details of the operating of incubators of various patterns at different times and conditions, much that is interesting and instructive may be learned. To the beginner the results shown from the cooling of the eggs at shorter or longer periods according to the season; the number of times and regularity with which the oggs were turned; ventilation of the incubator; supply or non-supply of moisture; temperature of operating room (which was not well adapted for the pur- pose) and of the incubators and other details, cannot fail to be useful, because so much inquired about. It was not intended to have a competition of incubators of different designs, for in operation of them, our own methods of manipulation were adopted and were largely experimental. The different tests and results are given in the following tables : — BEl'ORT OF THE POULTRY MAX ACER 295 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Xo. 1 1'est. — PijAiRTi: State Ixclbatou. Hot Air. Filled on February 20, 1904, with eggs in quality and kind as follows :— Description of Egg.<. Xo. of Eggs. Clear Eggs 1st Test. Dead Germs IGth day. Chicks dead in Shell. Chicken.s Hatched. Silver Laced Wyandottes Buff Orpingtons Silver Grey Dorkings Faverolle White Wvandottes ... ... 20 14 14 12 0 8 7 (1 3 3 o 2 2 0 ? 1 S 3 7 3 4 0 3 0 4 0 3 0 0 8 0 4 3 0 F.arred P^ Rock (No. 2 pen) Black Hamburg White Plvmouth Rock . 2 0 6 Total 00 15 40 12 23 Birds had all the same cave and feeding. Incubator was operated in the office, tiie atmosphere of which was A'ery dry. Variation of temperature in room during hatch was from 23 to SO degrees. Xo moisture was nsed in either machine or room. Time of cooling the eggs was : — • Ist week 10 to 12 minutes, 2ud week 15 to 20 minutes, 3rd week 25 to 30 minutes. Door of incubator was left open during the cooling of the eggs. Eggs were turned once per day after cooling. Test Xo. 2. — Ciiatiiam ' Eeo Bino ' Ixcibatok. Hot Air. Filled on February 27, 1904, with eggs as follows : — Description of Eggs. Xo. of Eg"3. Clear Eggs 1st Test. Buff Orpington Silver Grey Dorkings Silver Laced Wyandottes Whiit Wyandotte? Faverolle Barred P. Rock Black Hamburg Black Minorc.'is White P. Rock 16 IG 1.5 11 11 13 100 Dead Germs IGth day. Chicks dead in Shell. 18 39 1 1 O 4 0 0 1 15 Chickens Hatched. 5 4 10 1 o G 0 0 0 Birds were kept under same conditions with exception of Barred and White P. Eooks which were nnder experiment. Incubators were placed in same office as Xo, 1. Temperature of room and time of cooling the egg.s same as Xo. 1. Water was constantly kept in moisture pan. .i,i^ EXPEUIMEM AL FA EMS 4-5 EDVv'ARC* v/||., A. 1905 Test Xo.G. — Cyphers Ixcubator (220-egg size). Hot Air. Filled on March 5, 1904, -vvitli following eggs : — Description of Eggs. Buff Orpington White Wyandotte •Silver Grey Dorkings . . . White Leghorn Barred P. Rock Black Minorca Rhode Island Reds ..... Faverolle Silver Laced Wyandotte. Black Hamburg Jubilee Orpington Buff Leghorns White Plymouth Rock.. S. Spangled Hambm-g. . . Xo. of Eggs . Broken by Accident. 43 4 32 o 27 0 23 0 20 0 10 0 12 0 10 0 1.3 0 10 0 8 0 < 2 4 0 2 0 Clear -1st Test. Dead Genns. 13 9 18 13 10 7 tj Dead in Sliell. I 230 40 100 32 Chickens Hatched. 13 7 3 1 4 4 0 2 10 2 0 3 1 0 50 Incubator Avas placed in same office as Xos. 1 and 2, with similar variations of temperature. Time of cooling eggs same as Xos. 1 and 2. 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'-? ?i Fi i ~ — -^ ~ S 3 '"^ - " '~ ^ -*^ S ' s^ ^ "S -§ .E£ X^ '-S^ O ^'' -> " ^ y '. ■/ o — > ■ i, • o -r ^ w ^ :6 : o ■| £ = ; B : ? : -^' 0 S . to "C ^^ 11 of :2!x : u.E a ^5, -6 • S a -> ~ tio : : -lr-l.-Hr-l Ss ^ 5 o Ir-i r-fn-Yn f^ copScococo-^TfcocoTfiTf-^'co-^eoeocor^coeo oooooooooooooooooooo < <*-t S 'frHTfOt-(M-*©'*'OeOC;rHTfr-iCfO -1< saajioiqg iHl-l tH 1-1 cv g o ■liaqSmp^Jaa (Mi-lTtl-tOCIi-llMrMiHi-HOi-li-l ?1 ■w CI •SUU8J9 p'bsq; ecoooiHiHeoNco-*r-irt«i-io s? 1 ai •sS;d3^ 'i^^lO ^ lO O N lO X CO -^ r-l O rH .?5 O S'l s o o •sSSg JO -o^Nj i-l»^lOS5lO(M^-f^l-t-.r;c: COC^l?li— (rHiHrHr-^i— if-M 3 1 Cl •^ — o 2 oj-^ e*-^ bo y -= ,, bo , O Oi p ^ r- 60 J « be K ^ S'^^ "o u a; : ; . .; ^ o To C : -Si ~3 0 O .2 .9* ;2 -*- 3 • : . S 60 i' -M a. IS >-• a: 1 p: P. 1 1 ^pq< c > > O 4^ -" S-d bo bb s'S bCil) 3 REPORT OF THE POULTRY ]fAXAaER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Test No. G. — Four Hexs as Hatciiixo Mediums. On April 20, 1904. they were given 1-3 egg's each of the following kinds :^ 299 Description of Eggs. S. G. Dorking White Leghorn , B. P. K. — Brown Leghorn Cross Black Hambnrgs Buff Orpington White Wyandotte Barred P. Rock Faverolle Jubilee Orpington White Plymouth Rock S. Spangled Hamburg Buff Plymouth Rocks Light Brahmas Black Minorcas Totals No. Clear Dead Chicks in Shell. of Eggs. -1st Test. 8 3 0 8 0 3 4 1 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 o 1 0 5 1 0 o 0 0 3 1 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 3 1 0 Chickens Hatched, Test No. 7. — In which a number of hens were used as hatching mediums. They were set at different times during ^Eay, 1904, on the following eggs: — Date when set. Description of Eggs. No. of Eggs set. Clear Dead — 1st Test. Germs. Dead Chicks in Shell. Chickens Hatched. 1904. May 2... Light Brahmas Buff Leghorns 10 36 52 60 15 15 2 10 10 17 3 3 0 1 8 5 2 1 2 1 10 6 3 1 6 04 t. 5. . . M 7... M 14... „ 14... Black Minorcas White Wyandotte.-; S. G. Dorking Faverolle ... 24 32 7 10 ISS 45 17 23 103 The num'oer of clear eggs on May 2, 5 and 7, goes to show that the birds, in the latter part of the month of April when the eggs were collected, had not completely recovered from the effects of the fire which occurred on the 8th of the latter month. Later, the percentage of clear eggs, it will be noticed, is very much less. MAXAGEilEXT OF THE SITTIXO IIEX^ The following has been found a convenient and effective method in managing the sitters. As the hens became broody they were put in wooden cases of suitable eize and without bottoms, which were placed in pens by themselves. The boxes had m LXl'EJ{lMi:S TA L FAUMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 tinged doors in front so as to be opened, or closed as required. Comfortable nests were made of dry lawn clippings, or oat straw. Previous to putting a hen on her nest she was thoroughly dusted with insect powder and so was her nest. Experience has proved that lice infested hens are not successful sitters. The hens are allowed, to sit for twenty-four and thirty-six hours on three or four china eggs. Having proved themselves reliable sitters the imitation eggs were removed and they were replaced by the valuable eggs. Borrowed sitters should always be so treated for they are generally infested with vermin and a source of contamination to nest and premises they happej to be placed in. Grain of different kinds mixed, grit and drinlc water were always before the sitters. now LONG DOES THE EFFECT OF FERTILTZATIOX LAST. Two interesting exijcriments, particulars of which are given in the two following tables, were made at the conchision of the breeding season last sunnner. The objects aimed at were: — 1. To lind out how long after the removal of the male bird from the breeding stock was fertilization strong enough to hatch out into a healthy chicken. 2. How long after the removal of the male bird could the eifect of fertilization be traced ? The questions are answered by the results in the following tests 8 and 9. Test Xo. 8. — With seven Barred P. Eock hens from which the male bird was separated on June 29, 1904. On the same day eggs were put into an incubator and' thereafter, from time to time during twenty days. Details are : — Date. ;0 ^ llt04. July 8.. 9 0.. 10 10.. 11 11.. 12 12.. 13 1.3.. 14 14.. 15 15.. 16 10.. 17 17.. 18 18.. 19 10.. 20 20.. 21 Remarks 1 1 1 18 Strong chicken. No results fioiu this egg as it \va.s clear. Strong chicken. Weak chicken. Healthy chicken. jEgg without germ ; no ^result. Germ dead from weakness. |Egg not fertilized ; no result. Chicken partly developed ; dead from weakness. |No eggs laid th's day. jChicken dead in shell evidently from weaknesr". Egg without germ ; no result. |No egg laid this day. 'Ec^gs without germs ; no results. Xo eggs laid this day. Eggs without germs ; no results. REPORT OF THE POL WRY ilAXAilER 301 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Test Xo. 9. — With five White Leghorn hens. Cock bird separated from hens on June 23, 1904. Eg-gs put into incubator five days later and thereafter for twenty day;. Details are as follows : — Date. No. of days male bird separated from hens. l be d S5 Clear eggs. 1st test. s to -^ O c i OS O Remarks. 1904. June '^8 5 4 2 3 1 4 1 2 1 3 1 3 2 1 Strong chickens. Eggs laid 5 days after removal of male bird from hens. Strong chicken. Strong, healthy chickens. Male bird away from hens seven days. Strong, healthy chick. Male bird away from heus 29.. 30 t5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 July 1.. 11 2 3 o 3 2 3 1 o 2 1 2 ■"i 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 eight days. Chickens weak ; had to be helped out of shells. Fairly strong and healthy. ^Male bird away from hens ten days. Weak and infirm, ilale bird away from hens eleven .. 4 . . 2 1 2 2 1 2 ' i 1 1 1 3 1 3 days. Egg without germ. No eggs with germs after this date. Eggs without germ. No eggs laid this day. No germ in egg. II II f the ratiitiis and in the order of feeding them were found beneficial. Experience lias shown that where there Is variety In rations and care in feeding them — with requisite allowance for floor space — there is little likelihc>od of egg eating, or feather picking. in:i'itiri of the ihultry ma^aoeii 307 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 FLESHIXG CHICKEXS AXD FATTENING OLD HENS. smn: of which wkre loose ix i'kns with i.nnTKo rux and otui.us ix cR\Tr:?. Ill reports of our department for the past two years will be found interesting and instructive results of the pen and crate methods of fattening chickens, which were conducted by Mr. F. T. Shutt, of the Chemical Division, and his assistants. The experimental fleshing of chickens and fattening of old hens, during the past season, were conducted by our poultry department. Details are given in following pages. The terms ' fleshing ' and ' fattening ' are used with intent, for experience has shown, that rations which are calculated to — and really do — go into ' flesh,' in the c^ase of chickens, are frequently found in the shape of ' fat ' in old hens. Experience has also shown that while flesh is desirable, fat — particularly that of old hens^s simply waste. The accumulation of fat in old hens doubtless makes increased weight and may mean a little more money to the seller, but, it is certainly loss to the purchaser, for, it is of no value to him whatever. On the present occasion, hens of two years of age and chickens of two and three months old, were used. The experimental fleshing of chickens in our department for several years lias shown that before the best specimens can be produced the following preliminary con- ditions must be thoroughly understood, viz.: — 1. Chickens intended for fleshing should be of correct market types, such as can only come from the utility breeds. Hence the necessity of the parent stock being of proper breed and type. 2. Chickens should l>e well cared for and properly fed from time of hatching until piit into pen or crate for ' finishing.' 3. The better the condition of the chickens when put into pen or crate to flesh the quicker and more complete will the ' finishing ' process be. 4. Chickens whicli have been permitted ' to pick up their own living,' take more food, a longer period to flesh and in the end seldom make specimens that will brin^ the highest price. Attention to the foregoing points will certainly bring about the best results. In the following experiment of Pen vs. Crate, the chickens were divided into five groups and the old hens into one. Each chicken and hen had a distingul.-hing number on a metal band round one of its legs. Except where described the ci'oss-bred clnckens were of the ordinary barn-yard type. The birds wei*e fed twice per day and the rations were made of the consistency of thin porridge. 16— 20J 308 EXi'ERIMEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Detail.s of Experimexx ill Fleshing Chickens in Pens and Crates. August 19, 1904. o ■ ? c' 0. 5 T ■c -r •;; *i ^ 1 5. ■r ^ -^ •2 i ■- ^ 5c ^•.=' r" ^ 3; ■^ X be — — 'y. 1 rt = 1 ^ r. - t; 1 ? — c ~ -15 r t3 0 '4-1 o 5 71 Is "f. 5 S •^ -^ :Z 3i Q. .s c >^ c rt ^ — 02 1 0 s| =5 Ji ~; Ei 'it o S lll C t.t = i j Cm -. — ' -: ' ' — 4^ oi jj _ c; « ^ ^, j 2 •psjnnoD ^ou "8 i:: (N 0 71 -r i Ph G O ■-3 anoij'B'j •sioJiDiqD x;s uo ;go.ij[ m 71 71 •q[ .lad a. O 0 g 1- 71 :3 3 5gT JiJ ^I«^ uioij su.in;aa ^ -^ -J" ^ M l- X T3 2 •UOl} o c: 1- 71 r? 22 0 O -onpoad jo afjo'j ibjojl m ;i ri 71 71 " - +3 (/i o ^•1 _,. ^■3 ,3 -«: -c: O •asBSJOui JO pnncil 1^ "T -r !!;r |£" Tj< 0 E •A- i 2 3ao QDnpo.id oj ^so^ o j ^ _ ,- •s J. oc E i •qi i^ T" T* -T T t^ — O 1 a jad -ofx IB -JniuA " > 1 G C jr. j5 j? -w cc •3; j ^-^ O i •s^taa.w f- ni pa -OTiisuoo^unomy « p? 1 jz ec on 5 i 'S ( «■ t- Cl CI » >o 7>1 Hi i ■qi ■ "S -»■ ?i Tj OC 0 0 r^ 1 i 1 S •- i aad -ooi 1^ '^'^l^.V «© ;i Ji 71 4-> -o .-1 0 Vi 0 OS c; cj -c i-i o •;x{2ia.\v i^Ujux •sq-x -*• c-i Vj Tj •-3 12 ©i (M 01 cc •^0 - - '.: .-. 71 -H a; •9>t;.; A\ .ma ■■Z: •ox duojQ h'El'Oirr OF THE POULTL'Y MAXAdEii 311 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Eesults of the foregoing- experiineuts permit of the following cTcductions: — The pullet- with one exception did not make as great gains as cockei'els of the same age. Old liens wiiieh are well fed require no further treatment to make them fit for killing. The older the hen the more readily does she take on fat rather than flesh. The cross-hred chickens, althougli fed on a more nutritive ration, did not make as much weight as pure-bred ones. The chickens which were loose in their pens with limited run. made slightly greater weight development, at cheaper cost, than those in crates. STOCK oy IIAXn. The following list will show the number, kind and disposition of the different varieties in our poultry houses at the presetit date, December, 1904: — c Z\ Breed. Cock. Hens. Cockerels. Pullets. Remarks. - i'b. Plv, Rocks 1 1 1 1 1" 12 12 S 12 12" • •■> i 3 Wh. „ 4 4 Buff Orpingtons 5 Wh. Leghorns G S. G. Dorkings 1 12 1 1 1 7 r> 5 i 11 8 Wh Le^'horns 12 3 10 Ccck and cockerejs 1 11 Blk. Minorcas Wyandotte cockerel, 2 Fave- 12 Buff Leghorns 13 Black Hainburgs 1 14 Rock and Wvandottes .... 1.5- Capons Ifi Black Hamburgs ! 4 7" 3 7 3 17; „ , iss. .s. „ 4 lO' Wh. Leghorns 20 S. S. Wvandottes .... 3 1 21 Rock and Wyandottes. . . . 22' FaveroUes 23 Blk. Minorcas 1 1 1 1 P.. Ply. Rock and 1 Wh Wy- 4 5 0 andotte, 24'S. (;. Dorkings 1 8 3 10 10 10 25i L Brahmas 1 3 2r)iCrosses 27' ,. 1 1 28 Buff Orpingtons 29 Wh. Wyandottes 30 Crosses ".'.'.".'.. 16 12 31 Cockerels . . 7 12"' 1 1 2 B, Ply. R(K;ks. 4 White Ply, __ Rwks, 1 Wh. Wyandotte, 5 B Ply. Roclcs, 7 crosses. All kinds ,32 Pullets (late) 33 Late cockerels . .. 12 .34 B. Ply. Rocks 35 Wh. Wyandottes i 24 24 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1905 EXPERIMENTAL FMM FOR THE MARITIME PROVINCES. EEPOKT OF R. ROBEKTSOX, SUPERIXTENDEXT. Xappax, X.S., Xovemix-r 30, 1004. To Dr. Wm. Sal:nders^ Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa, Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report of operations on the experimental farm for the maritime provinces at Xappan, X.S. The season just passed has been the most unfavourable for farm crops of any for some years. Crops generally made a good start, but continued dry weather until the latter part of July, resulted in all farm crops being below the average. Owing to the unfavourable season, and also to the breaking of dykes in the fall of 1903, which caused the marsh to be flooded with salt water, the crop of marsh hay was very much lighter than usual. Clover sown with grain crops made a good start, but almost all died out in July due to lack of moisture. Roots also suffered greatly for want of rain. The red-backed cutworm did considerable, damage, especially to the mangel crop, and many fields in the maritime provinces were practically destroyed by this pest. Pas- tures were exceptionally poor except in the very early part of the season. I wish to again acknowledge my indebtedness for valuable assistance rendered by Mr. J. Thomas Coates, farm foreman, who has kept all records of crop experiments, and to Mr. R. Donaldson, herdsman, who has kept all records of live stock experi- ments, each doing so in a careful and painstaking manner. WEATIIKR. The temperature during December was higher than usual, but the snowfall was greater than that for a number of years past. There was quite a fall of snow on the 1st, which, with that on the following day, amounted to about six inches, and made very good sleighing. There was rain and snow on the 3rd, and about twelve inches of snow on the 4th. This made the roads heavy for travel, but soon they were in good condition. The weather continued fine, with occasional snowfalls until the 13l:h, ex- cepting- the 10th, when wind and rain took off some of the snow. The 13th was mild, with rain, which took off much of the snow, making sleighing poor. On the 17th the thermometer went to zero, and on the 18th 4° below zero Avas registered. The weather kept cold to the 21st. when a thaw with rain took the snow all off. The 22nd was also mild, after which cooler weather continued to the 27th, when the thermometer went to 4° below zero, and 5° below on the 29th, and 2° below on the 30th. It snowed again on the 30th, making good sleighing. January commenced with very bright cold weather on the 1st and 2nd, Aviien the , thermometer registered 10° and 14° below zero on these dates respectively. There was a heavy snow and wind storm on the 3rd and on the 4th, roads had to be broken out in many places. This was followed by light cold weatlier t-o the 10th. except a light snowfall on the Sth and 9th. The thermometer registered 11°, 14°. 12°. 2° and 5° below zero on the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and Sth, respectively. From the lOtii to the 17th was quite moderate, with occasional falls of snow, and a light rain on the 14th. On the l7th a snow and wind storm blocked the roads again. The weather was fine from this date to the 23rd, when it thawed and some rain fell. The thermometer re- gistered 0°, 15°, 17° and 12° below^ zero on the 18th, 19th, 20th and 22nd .respectively. There was a sleet storm on the 25th, followed by quite fine cold weather which con- 313 3ii EXl'Eh-lMLXIAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 1905 tinned to the end of tlie month. The thermometer I'eglatered zero on the 20th and 2Sth, and 3° and 8° below zero on the 29th and 31st, respectively. February commenced with rain. The thermometer, however, fell below zero tiie following day, and on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, Tth, 8th, 9th and 10th registered 3°, d°, 6°, 5°, 29°, 2°, 0°, 3° and 8° below zero respectively. This period was more or less windy with occasional snowfalls. From the lOtii to the llth was fine, with snow on the 15th, which drifted badly on the 16th and ITth. The thermometer registered 10°, 8° and 10° below zero on the 13th, 14th and 15th respectively. On the 19th and 21st the thermometer registered 6° and 15° below zero. There was a rain on the 22nd. The balance of the month was more or less broken by wind and snow storms, and very cold on the 2Tth and 28th, when the thermometer went to 19° and 16° below zero re- spectively. The month throughont was much colder than iisnal. The thermometer went below zero only three times in ]March, on the 5tli, 6th and 18th, when it registered 1°, 4° and 1° below zero respectively. The first of the month was quite cold, with a thaw on the 3rd, and a wind, rain and lightning on March 4th, which made quite a freshet. It froze up again and remained cold to the Tth. when it moderated, followed by a thaw and rain on the 8th and mild on the 9tii. From this time to the 16th the weather was fine and quite cold. From the 16th to the 2Tth was more or less broken with snow and rain storms, with a thaw on the 26th which took off about all the snow and broke iip sleighing. The remainder of the month was fine. April commenced cold but fine, followed by fine moderate weather to the 9th. Eain fell on the 9th. 10th and 12th. The 14th and 15th were cold and windy, and on the 16th there was quite a fall of snow. The iTth and 18th were fine but cold, and on the 19th nearly an inch of rain fell. This was followed by an unusually heavy snow storm, accompanied by wind which made the snow drift badly. The remainder of April was fine, with warm drying winds, except the last two days, when rain fell. The rainfall for the month was 2'92 inches. May was fine to the 17th, with the exception of the 10th, when a light rain occurred. On the 17th and 19th 1*23 inches of rain fell. The first seeding was done May 4, and continued to the 17th, From the 19th to the end of the month several small showers are recorded, but seeding continued practically uninterrupted. The month throughout was wanner than usual. Frost is recorded only four times during the month. On the 1st, 2nd, 6th and 7th there was 1°, 5°, 6° and 5° of frost respec- tively. Vegetation made very rapid growth and the season which appeared backward when May opened was at the close of the month as far advanced as usual. The total rainfall for the month was l'T6 inches. The month of June was exceptionally dry and fine throughout. The rainfall on the 5th of about 2 of an inch, and on the 22nd of nearly ^-inch were the only rains of any consequence during the month. Tlie total rainfall for the month was 1*74 inches. The thermometer registered frost on the 9th. and 2° of frost on the 10th, which did considerable damage. The thermometer went to 80° and above three times, on the 21st, 26th and 27th, when 80°, 80° and 82° was registered, respectively. The month throughout was considerably warmer than last year. Crops suffered towards • the last of the month for want of rain, and seed of late sown roots did not genninatc well. The month of July was unusually warm, and while 2*15 inches of rain fell; yet, wAx-m drying winds following the showers, none of which were sufficient to more than wet the surface of the ground, quickly dried up the ground again and crops suffered greatly. The thermometer registered above S0° twelve times during the month. The highest temperature was on the 13th, ISth and 29ih, when 83° was registered. The month of August, while warmer ■somewhat than the previous year, was not as warm as usual. The thermometer only once went to 80°, and that was on the 4th. There was a light rainfall on the 1st, but. the early part of the month was entirely too dry for growth, and grain crops especially ripened up prematurely. After the 11th the month was more or less broken, and the rainfall of 1*70 inches on the 21st was the lilirOUT OF MR. /.'. liOBERTSOX 315 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 first one during- the sea^^on to wet the ground sufficiently for root crops to grow pro- perly. The rainfall during the month was 3'51 inches. There was a heavy wind storrn the 23rd, which did considerable damage to crops, especially corn and apples. There was a heavy rainfall on September 3, 1 and G, totalling 1'90 inches; also on the 25th of 1*20 inches, and other showers with these brought the month's fall of rain to ■±'52 inches. The month, generally speaking, was fine and a good one for getting along with work. The temperature on the average was not as high as last season, and much lower than for the past three years. The highest temperature for the month was recorded on the loth and iTth, of 77°. There was a heavy u'ind storm with some rain on the loth. This was accompanied by very high tides, one of which was in- creased by the higli wind prevailing, and did great damage by running over and break- ing a great amount of dyke and flooding marsh lands in this section. The thermometer went to freezing oif the 9th, 20th, 22nd and 29th, and there was 1° of frost on the 1st, 9° on the 23rd, and 2° on the 2Sth. During the month of October there was one quite heavy rainfall on the 13th of '97 inches, and a very heavy one on the 22nd of 2*98 inches. Outside of these the month was quite fine, with occasional showers, making the total rain for the month 5 inches. There was more or less frost during the month, and the thermometer went below freezing during 14 nights. The lowest temperature, however, was on the 8th, v^hen 9° of frost was registered. jSTovember commenced with a slight fall of snow, followed by cold weather imtil the -Ith, when there was quite a heavy fall of rain, and a shower on the Gth. The fol- lowing week was fine but cold, the ground not thawing sufficiently to harvest roots and plough. The 14th commenced wet, followed by snow and wind, and the tem- perature below freezing. The IGth was milder, followed by colder weather; some snow on the 17th, and rain on the ISth. The weather continued quite fine and moderate until the 26th, with quite a rainfall on the 24th. The 28th and 29th were cold, fol- lowed \)v rain and a thaw on the 30th. RAIXFATX. April 2*92 inches. May.. 1*70 " June 1*74 " July 2*ir. " August 3*ol '' September 4*52 " October 5*00 " Noveml>er 3*39 '* Total 24*99 « 316 LXl'ERlMEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 METEOROLOGICAL RECORD. The maximum and mininuim thermometrical observations for the year beginning December 1, 1903, and ending November .30, 1904 : — • Month. ^laximuni. 1903. Decembe 1904. January . . . Februarj' . . March . . . April May June July August . . September October Minimum. 10th 47' above zero :29th 5' below zero. 14th 42° above zero '20th 17^ below zero. 22nd 43= ,- 6th 29° 6th 4° 4th 9° above zero. 6th 26= 2Gth 53° .. 30th 66° 9th 7.0° .1 27th 82° 10th 30° 13th, 18th and 29th, 83'' above zero.i 9th 45° 4th 80° above zero 30lh 35° loth and 17th 77° above zero 23rd 23° 21st 78° above zero ' 8th 23° November !24th 49° above zero- 29th 12' EXPERIMEXTS WITH OATS. Experiments v:eve again continued this year with the leading sorts of oats which were grown in uniform test plots of one-fortieth acre each. Forty-two varieties were included in this test. The plots all received the same treatment and were on soil practically uniform throughout. The ground was a sandy loam, and was previously in mangels, having been manured for that crop with 30 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre. The land was ploughed in the fall after the mangel crop was harvested, and this spring v.'as harrowed twice with the springtooth, and once with the smoothing harrow. The seed was sown May 13, at the rate of 2^ bushels of seed per acre with the seed drill- The ground was also seeded down to clover and Timothy at +he rate of 3 pounds Alsik? clover, 7 pounds Mammoth Red clover and 12 pounds of Timothy seed per acre by means of a grass seed attachment to the grain drill. The grain used was from head-i .selected in the field at harvest time before cutting the various plots the previous season, except the variety. Storm King, a new variety originated by Carton Bros., England, seed of which was sent from the Experimental Farm, Ottawa. No fertilizer was used on these plots this season. The grain started well and made fair growth to the middle of July, when the effect of the continued dry weather was quite apparent. The grain- ripened up prematurely, giving a light crop of only fairly well filled oats. The straw was short but stiff, and only a few heads of smut were noticeable. Some slight rust made its appearance early in August. The follow- ing yields were obtained from the-sc plots. REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTfiON 317 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 OATS — TEST OF VARIETIES. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2(3 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Name ot Variety. Swedish Select [ An Siberian Golden Fleece Columbns Banner Golden Beauty Golden Tartarian Irish Victor . Holstein Prolific Wide Awake Lincoln Goldfinder IWaverley [Golden Giant jSensation ; White Giant. . . ._ Improved American. . . Twentieth Centurj*. . . . Pioneer I Abundance Thousand Dollar Moauette 1 American Beauty [Danish Island Improved Ligowo. ... Milford Black [Early Golden Prolific. [Bavarian jKendal White Scotch Potato Kendal Black I Black Beaut J' [Tartar King 'storm King [Pense Black Buckbee's Illinois. . . iOlive Black 'Pense White j Milford White JMennonite lOlive White 'American Triumph Length -. of Straw. 19 22 i 201 19 19| 19; 271 181 20j 191 221 24 i 18; 27 i 18' 20 221 18; 17 20' 20 17 191 24 18; 20 191 20 98 101 99 98 98 98 IOC 97 99 98 101 103 97 In. Character I ^55 of I -g, Straw. 106 33- 07 I 38- 99 I 32- 101 ' 34- 97 36- 96 ! 35- 9!) 99 96 98 103 97 99 34- 32- 39- 34- 34- 33- 98 i 38- 99 I 32- 20 99 32 22 101 38 20 99 35 17 96 36 18 97 37 19 98 32 20 99 33 23 102 35- 20 99 32 20 99 33- 20 99 32 24 103 34 20 99 33 27 106 34 Medium . Stiff -40 Stifif. ... -42 M . . . -38 .-_... -40 Medium -40 'stiff. -42 -37 -42 -41 -41 -38 -38 -46 -38 -43 -38 -39 -40 -40 -38 -.38 -36 -43 -40 -40 -38 -42 -38 -36 -42 -40 -41 -40 -38 -38 -40 -38 -38 -37 -38 I -38 -39 Medium. , Stiff Medium. Stiff In. -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 •8 -9 -8 -9 -8 -S -8 -9 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -9 Kind of Head. Branching. Sided...... Branching. -9 -9 Sided. -9 Branching. -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 Sided. ... Branching Sided...... Branching. Sided Branching. Sided Branching. Sided Branching. Sided Branching. Weight of Straw. Lbs. 4,280 3,600 4,160 2,800 3,600 3,880 3,520 3,200 3,480 3,200 3,120 3,160 3,320 3,880 3,240 3.840 31920 3,040 3,880 3,840 3,520 3,200 3,320 3,880 3,600 3,720 3,400 3,840 3,080 3,680 3,480 3,000 3,160 3,520 3,080 3,240 3,280 3,120 2,680 3,080 2,920 3,440 Yield per Acre. 38 35 35 36 35^ 35 34 36 36 371 36^ 35 36 33 37^ 34 34 37 38 35^ 37 36 35 34 37 38 35 35 36 36i 38 30 39 38 38 36 38 38 38 36 38 36 EXPERIMEXTS WITH BAELEY. Twenty varieties of six-rowed and fifteen varieties of two-rowed were sown May 24 in plots of one-fortieth acre each. The land wa.s a sandy loam and was in corn the previous season, for which crop 25 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre was used. The j?round was ploughed after the corn crop was removal, and this spring was worked up twice with the spriugtooth harrow and once with the smoothing harrow. The seed sown was from heads sele<:ted in the field at harvest time before the plots wore cut the previous season. The grain was sown with the seed drill at the rate of 2 bushels per acre, and 3 lbs. alsike clover, 7 lb.s. Mammoth Red Clover and 12 lbs. Timothy seed was sown at the same time. No fertilizer Avas used this season. The seed germinated well but owing to the drought the straw was short and the yield per acre not up to the average. There was no rust, and very few heads of smut. The following table gives further information respecting this test : — 318 EXPERIME'STA-L FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 BAELEY, SIX-KOWED — TEST OF VARIETIES. x 2 Date .T 90 22.. 90 •7-7 90 20.. 88 24.. 92 24.. 92 22 90 22.. 90 24.. 92 24.. 92 24.. 92 24.. 92 24.. 92 20.. 88 22. 90 Inches. 1 Inches. .32 -.36 Medium. 3 -4 30—35 .- . 3 -4 35-40 t. 3 -4 32 -.35 II 2i-3.'< 35 40 M 1 3-4" 32—36 „ 2 —3 36- -40 II 21—3.'; 30 .35 ! II 3 -3i 34-38 2 —3 30 .35 II 2.l-3i 28-33 II 2 —3 30—34 „ 21-3 34-36 Stiff 2 —3 30-36 Medimn. 2.V -31 32-3G Stiff 2"'-3 Lbs. 5,000 3,8S0 4,800 3,800 4,800 3,600 3,640 2,880 3,680 3,440 2,880 2.640 2,400 2,520 1,800 Yield per Acre. 57 24 45 40 44 8 42 24 41 .32 36 32 35 .. 32 24 32 4 31 27 26 32 22 24 21 32 21 32 LJ>s. 50 49i .50' 50 50 49 50 49 50 48 47 47 49 48 48 HKfOliT OF MR. R. ROBERTSOy 319 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERT]\[EXTS WITH SPPJXG WHEAT. The ground selectetl for the wheat plots was similar to that on which the oats were grown, and received the same ti'eatment. The seed sowni was from heads selected in the field at harvest time before cutting the various plots the previous season. The seed was sown May 12, at the rate of If bushels per acre with the grain drill, and C lbs. Alsike clover, 7 lbs. Mannnoth Red clover, am] 12 lb-. Timothy seed per acre was sown at the same time. The plots were one-fortioth of an acre each and thirty-six varieties were includod in the test. The seed started well, but owing to the effect of the continued drought the crop was light, and rust early in August did considerable damage to the straw and the grain did not fill out well. The yield per acre and other information obtained from these plots is given in the following table : — 320 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A- 1905 -6 - 3 ei >. >~. >. >,B >-■ '^^■ i= .>■■ . I ^ - . . t^-e >:-= - >-.-e.E -S - - >.-J: >-. -e.- X-*^ - > . . >-. i to T tfC tf'OtC^tC'Ctt 'C tc "c be t; m 1 -^1 1 o ci o; o 00 C-. n o c. cc C-. d C' c: C-. cc = c. x — c; c-. c: c: ^ n Cix©©c;c50io osx : Sf E-^ ^ ! ►5 as h^ I 1 •sqr[ o .© .— . . . -.^ooccc:- • • -c:: •- = ? ■=: ^, . _ _, . . . _ i S . sJ ■>}• • Cl ■ ^T ■ ■ • N TI -r -r N TI 7^-< •Rsng ooiOb-i^^tc;©;©!:^!"-^-^--^ — -r — ^-rrrccc^'MriwN.-i ^■-J^^©©©© ©X 71 71 71 W 71 71 71 71 71 r- ©oooo«c-o-eooc = cr = croccoc:o 0 '^ © © © C © © © © 1 "TIX 5: te ©c;O30oOTCTMf-3-cc-*xx--r;a; ti,x t i tj cr -j; cc c-i c -r t£ © -r X -r (/I X -r ■X! 1 ■ SF<~ 5 5 00 ■* ■» '-^ .^ O C-. t~ -^ X C: X CC CC C-. -^ ^. '-^' w. ic oc — X T— c- -j: l~ 71 ■* 7^ 71 0 ■«> Tf © o o 2 1— 1 ^ -ff 'ir tc M K sc c: rfrf " ^: tTtT Tf ^: ri rTr: c^ lirf r: :-: s-i lN75J'571N'r717M «-T -r T3 T: '£ "C '^'C •- T! £ t;'£'c£~^'c c -5 0 -5 $ 'T^'^ '^'C'^'^ - - - -TJ -'C - - J*.' -'C\^ -'^'w^J - •^.t;-c--i3Tj -. c3 s S :S ci c i 0 a> » 22?: M — KiK ~ ec cccG ffitr ffi:ccc X xsa mm _ri -cvri-CT — M-tri -i?J ■*'■ -iri-trf-fii-Bl ■ N' ■■■" cc cT'-»j'Tf'r-5''»'e'5'»'«"'V"*.V'^'T'J'-^'r-^T'r.«©IN-»<05 ©eo ■^■^•^-r'»i'>j-'r'j'-VT«-^KK-*"»--rir;'r'V-»r-5--»'»'- .— -f •*' CO -»uj ■ og :^ •■ rc ; E •J2 d • • .s o ; ■•^•f :-;Z : a: • ;5 • •I^.«> :^ £ Pi; .13 ; = ; c ^ 5-5 £ :£.?!<. a: a m X is : ^ = r^S'j:-=S|5|J = S!5->-.!?f §.|^?:i t-Ili? |:,'B|.£^ £ ?g SSl-i =1J til g'fci 1^ i-!-^ r-i 71 cc >*■ in ;c t-tc c c — 71 CI T» .n •.£ r- X C-. ~ •- 71 cc -r .r. cr 1 - X 02 © — 71 CO ■«• 0 '.C •jdqainx 7 c ei 7 7J 7 7 REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER N'o. 16 321 EXPERi]\rEXTs WITH :macaroxi wheat. Four varieties of Macaroni whe-at were sown. These were grown in plots of one- fortieth acre each, alongside the other wheat plots. The ground was similar and re- ceived similar treatment to the wheat plots and was sown at the same time, hut the crops of grain harvested were light. A well-known variety of Macaroni wheat is that called ' Goose.' The reason for putting these wheats in a separate table is on account of their inferior milling qualities, as their growth for bread-making would prove un- satisfactory. The following table gives the yield per acre and other information re- specting these plots: — MACARONI WHEAT— TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Varietv. Date of Ripen- ing. Goose Yellow Gharnovka. . Roumanian Mahmoudi 6'^ 7U Length of Straw. In. u ^ In. Aug 22! 102' .3.3—38 lMediumi2 —24 .. 24 104 36—40 „ 2 — 2j M 24 1041 36—40 I ., |2 — 2i .. 24 1041 30-36 Weak . . H— 2? Kind of Head. Bearded! >3 tc2 Lbs. 2,280116 2,o20|14 13 20 i iLbs Rusted. Slightly. Very slightly. 62 Slightly. 60 Very slight'y- EXPERIMEXTS WITH EMMER AXD SPELT. Two varieties of Emmer and two varieties of Spelt were sown in plots of one- fortieth acre each May 12. The land was similar to and received the same treatment as that on which the other wheats were grown. These varieties are separated from the bread wheats for the reason that they are useful principally for grinding for stock feed, and from the fa^ct that in ordinary threshing the chaff is not separated from the kernels. The yield of these plots is given in pound.s for the reason that this grain in the chaff cannot fairly be compared with other sorts of wheat which aro -threshed clean. EMMER AND SPELT TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Date of Ripen- ing. !~ = Length j C "Ji I of [ -• S I Straw. :55 I IjRed Spelt I Aug. 2j White Spelt SiCommon Emmer. . 4!Red Emmer In. o In. 30 1101 36—42 Stiff.... 2 — 3i 30 110: .37—43 I 'Sh—b 22 102j 28—33 jWeak.. . il|— 2 30 110 35—40 Stiff.... 2-4— 3 c Kind of Head. It Lbs. Beardless 3,120 Bearded . . ' 2,280 2,200 c; I f-i ^ i.S-= Proportion Lbs. Lbs 1,400 30 1,120 33 1,040 40 1,000 35 Rusted. Badly. Slightly. 16—21 322 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDV-/ARD V!l., A. 1905 EXPERIMEXTS WITH FIELD PEASE. The land on v.'hich the pease were sown was a clay loam, and was previously in clover and timothy. The land was not in a fertile condition. The only fertilizing it ever received was a crop of green pease ploughed under in 1901, and an application of marsh mud in 1902. The sod v\'as ploughed in the fall and this spring was worked up once each with the disc, spade, and springtooth harrows. Xo fertili-zer was used. The seed was sown with the seed drill at the rate of from 2 to 3 bushels per acre according to the size of the pea. Mammoth Red clover at the rate of 10 lbs. per acre was also sown. The plots were one-fortieth acre each. Thirty-one varieties were sown May 28. The growth of vine was short, and the yield per acre small. The following particulars were obtained from these plots: — PEASE — TEST OF VARIETIES. c Date Chariicter Length Length Size Yi< 'Id ^ Name of V.arietv. o ^ 'o n of of of of per tr^ B Ripening. r-p. Growth. Straw. Pod. Pea. Acre. '^ 1^ In. In. - Bush. Lb.s. Lbs. > 1 Prince Albert Sept. 5. . 100 .Strong. . . . 35-40 l.\-2 [Small... 36 40 60 "> Aug. 5.. 5.. 5. . 30.. 100 100 100 04 Medium . . Strong Medium . . 32-36 38-42 36—40 2 —2i 2 —3 2 —2^ Medium Large . . Medium 36 34 33 33 20 20 60 S 01 4 60i .5 Xelsoa 30— .S4 2 — 2i 61' r. King Sept. Aug. 30.. 5.. 30. 94 100 94 Strong Medium.. 35-40 35-40 32-36 2-21 2 -3 li-2 Large . . Small... 32 31 31 20 20 61 60 K Golden Vine 61 f) Pride Sept. 2.. 97 M 30—36 2 -2k Medium 30 40 (il 10 Victoria „ 7.. 102 iStrong 35-40 2 -3 Large.. . 30 40 58 n " 5.. 5.. 100 100 ;; :;:■ 3'J-41 2 -2i Medium Large . . 29 2S 40 60 u Gregory 30-40 i 2 -24 00 13 Larire White Marrowfat „ 2.. 97 „ 36-42 ! 2 —3 28 61 14 Mack;xy ,, 5.. 100 „ 33-38 2 — 2i 28 60 15 Crown Aug. 30.. 94 Medium . . 30-34 ! li— 2 Small.. . '/i 20 ()3 IG Chancellor ,, 30.. 94 24-28 n-2 11 . . 26 40 60 17 Duke . Sept. 2.. 97 28—33 2-2i Medium 26 61 18 1!) German White Aug. Sept. 30.. 5. . 94 100 2f)— 30 35-40 li-2 2"— 3 Small... Large . . 26 25 20 02 Black eved Marrowfat 61 20 Picton ,, 5.. 100 .SO-40 2 — 2i Medium 25 (51 21 Pearl ,, 5.. 100 .30-36 2-2i II 24 40 59 22 23 24 Aug. 30.. 31.. 2!).. 94 95 93 30-33 30-33 32—36 2 -2i li-2| li— 2 Small-.. . 24 24 23 20 02 02 Daniel O'Rourke 62 25 Mummy ... „ 31.. 95 30—33 2 -2i Medium 22 40 62 2GKent Sept. 5.. 100 35-40 2 -2i. Latge... 22 40 60.1 27, English Grev Aug. 30.. 94 2t-S0 2 -2i Medium 21 21 61 28 Earlv Britain 30.. 94 28-.32 l?,-2 « 20 4!) 61 2!) 30 31 " 2!).. 30.. 29.. 93 94 Poor Medium . . 24-30 28-.33 24-26 li— 2 2'-2i 2 -2i Small... Medium 20 19 12, 20 40 62 61 93 iPoor .... 02 I EXPERIMENTS WITH BUCKWHEAT. Five varieties of buckwheat were sown June 11, with the seed drill. The plots were one-fortieth of an acre each. They were cut September 5. The soil was a clay loam and had clover and timothy as a previous crop. The land was not in a fertile condition. The only fertilizing it ever received was a crop of green pease ploughed imder in 1901, and an application of marsh mud in 1902. The sod was ploughed in the fall and worked up this spring by going over it twice with the springtooth, and once each with the spade and smoothing harness. The following yields per acre were obtained: — ' REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 BUCKWHEAT TEST OF VARIETIES. 323 Name of Variety. Yield per Acre. Siberian or Tartnrian Silverhull *J^rey Rye Japanese . . . Bush. Lbs. 2!) 22 21 21 15 8 24 32 32 Weight per Bu.shel. Lbs. 40 50 4<) 52 48 FIELD CROPS OF GRAIX. Four acres of grain v^-ere sown in acre plots, May 30. The land was a light clay loam and was previously in corn, having been manured for that crop with 30 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre. The ground was ploughed this spring and worked up with the springtooth and smoothing harrows. The seed was sown with th.-; seed drill. One acre was in barley, sown at the rate of two bushels of seed per acre ; one acre White oats and one of Black oats sown at the rate of three bushels per acre, and one acre of mixed grain, made up of two bushels Sensation oats, one bushel of Odessa barley and one peck Golden Vine pease, sown at the rate of three bushels per acre. The land was also seeded down to clover and Timothy. The following table gives the yield per acre, and varieties used : — Name of Variety. 1 acre Odessa barley 1 II Sensation oats 1 11 Black Tartarian oats . 1 Aug. 22. Sept. 3. 7. mixed grain.. . i Aug. 30 . When Cut. Weight per Bushel. Yield per Acre. Lbs 48 37 34 42 Bush. Lbs. 27 56 40 47 20 25 27 13 FIELD CROP OF MIXED GR.^ IX— FERTILIZER EXPERIMEXTS. Six half-acre plots were sown with mixed grain. The land was in a poor stvAe of fertility. It was previously in clover and Timothy, which sod was ploughed last fall. The seed was sowti May 30, and was made tip of Sensation oats, two bushels ; Odessa barley, one bushel ; and Golden Vine pease, one peck ; mixed together and sown at the rate of three bushels seed i)er acre. The ground was w^orked up with the spade, springtooth, and smoothing harrows, and the seed sown with the seed drill. Fertilizers were sown on four of these plots by means of a fertilizer attachment to the seeder, and two were left without fertilizers. The crop was cut August 5, and the following yield per acre obtained : — FIELD CROP OF MIXED GRAIX FERTILIZER EXPERIMEXTS. Size of Plot and Fertilizer Used. Yield per Acre. ^ acre ; no fertilizer used h acre ; Pidgeon's Fine Ground Bouemeal, 250 lbs. per acre . i acre ; ' Imperial ' brand fertilizer, 250 lbs. per acre J acre ; no fertilizer used t acre ; Pidgeon's Fine Ground Bonemeal, 250 lbs. per acre, i acre ; ' Imperial ' brand fertilizer, 250 lbs. per acre le— 214 Bush. Lbs. 20 35 33 28 34 34 20 324 KXPERniEXTAL FAh'MS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 FIELD CROr OF MIXED GRAIN. One field of six acres was seeded to mixed grain, May 14. Three pounds of Alsike, 7 pounds of Mammoth Red clover and 12 pounds of Timothy seed per acre were also sown at the same time. The land is a clay loam, and was previously in clover, beinsi in grain in 1902, and in roots in 1901, for which crop, stable manure at the rate of 25 one-horse cart loads per acre was used. The ground was in a fair state of fertility. The crop was cut August 17, and the field yielded at the rate of 45 bushels per acre, weighing 42 pounds per bushel. The field was seeded at the rate of three bushels per acre with seed made up as follows : — Susation oats, 2 bushels ; Odessa barley, 1 bushel ; Golden Vine pease, 1 peck mixed together. FIELD CROP OF OATS OX MARSH LAXDS. Three acres of oats were sown May 16 on marsh land that had been ploughed the previous fall. This was seeded broadcast by hand and Timothy and clover seed was also sown. The dry summer was particularly disastrous to marsh grain crops. The ground became hard and dry and very little growth was made after the early part of July. On account of the dykes breaking in the fall of 1903 this land was flooded bj' tide water, which may also have had a tendency to decrease the yield. The grain was cut August 22, and gave a total yield of 80 bushels or an average yield of 26 bushels, 21 pounds per acre. FIELD CROP OF BUCKWHEAT. Five acres of buckwheat was sown on land three acres of which had been in rape last year, and two acres in sand vetch. These two crops made light growth, and were pastured to sheep. This ground is practically new land in a poor state of fertility, and has been used as a sheep pasture for years. It was ploughed this spring and was worked up with the springtooth and smoothing harrows and seeded to buckwheat at the rate of 1^ bushels per acre, on June 16. The crop was harvested September 7. The yield from this field was 64 bushels, or averaging hardly 13 bushels per acre. EXPERIMENTS WITH INDIAN CORN. The soil chosen for the corn plots is a light clay loam. The previous crop was turnips, for which crop 35 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre was applied. The ground was not ploughed last fall. It was worked up this spring first with the spade harrow and then manured at the rate of 15 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre, which was ploughed under and again worked up with the spade harrow, fol- lowed by the springtooth and smoothing harrows. Complete fertilizer at the rate of 400 pounds per acre was sown along the rows and hills v.-hen the seed was planted. The seed was planted in hills and rows June 1. One set of plots was in hills 3 feet apart each way, and from 4 to 6 plants were left in a hill, and the other was in rows 3 feet apart and the plants were thinned to about 6 inches apart. There were twenty varieties included in this test. The crop was harvested and weighed Septem- ber 28. The yield per acre is calculated from the weight obtained from two rows each 66 feet long. The wind storm of August 23 and frost September 1 did some damage to those plots, after which they made little growth. REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 INDIAN CORN— TEST OF VARIETIES. 325 Name of Variety. ii Thorough bred Wliite Flint.. . Salzer's All Gold Red Cob Ensilage Pride of the North Superior Fodder King Philip Longfellow Eureka Giant Prolific Ensilage E\ergreen Sugar Angel of Midnigiit White Cap Yellow Dent Early Butler Coinpton's Early Early Mastodon , Cloud's Yellow Dent Champion While Pearl North Dakota Mammoth Cuban Selected Learning When Tasselled . Inches 85 94 98 102 84 90 84 95 97 80 86 100 78 80 82 90 90 72 80 88 Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. In Silk. 20. 31. 31. 31. 9. 15. 10. 31. 5. 15. 10. 23. 30. 10, 27. 25. 27. 13. 27. 25. Sept. 9. , 20. , 20. Aug. 25. , 20. Aug. 25. M 20. „ 31. Aug. 20. Sept. 5. u 20. 3. Aug. 27. Sept. 5. >, 15. Condition when cut. Tasselling Silked... Tasselling . Soft glazed Glazed .... Silked Watery Glazed . Watery Silked . Glazed . Silked.. Watery . . Soft glazed Silked Weight per acre grown in rows. Tons. Lbs. 20 20 17 17 17 15 15 15 15 15 14 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 1,030 700 870 320 100 1,900 1,080 1,350 800 800 1,480 930 490 1,500 950 1,850 750 1,050 1,430 3o0 Weight per acre grown in hills. Tons. Lbs. 17 15 17 14 15 15 14 14 13 12 15 12 10 11 12 11 10 10 11 8 870 250 050 270 30 1,350 1,150 1,700 1,830 200 140 970 1,230 770 750 1,100 1,120 350 1,8.50 1,270 FIELD CROP OF CORN — FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS. Three acres of corn was planted in rows 3 feet apart, June 10, on a soil of a ligliu clay loam character. One-third running- across one end of the field was in clover the previous year; in grain in 1902, and roots in 1901, for which crop 30 one-horse cart loads of stable manure was used per acre. One-third running across the centre of the field was in grain last year, having been manured in 1902 for roots at the rate of 35 one-horse cart loads per acre, and one-third running across the other end of the field was in roots last year, having been manured for that crop with 35 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre. The rows ran lengthwise of the field across each of these three differently treated pieces of the field. The two former, clover and grain siubble, were ploughed the fall previous, and the third, on which roots were grown, was not ploughed in the fall. This spring the whole field was worked up by going over it once each with the disc and spade harrows, after which stable manure at the rate of 20 tons per acre was scattered broadcast with the manure spreader and ploughed under. The ground was again gone over with the spade, springtooth and smoothing harrows, and put into good tilth. Four varieties of corn of |- acres each were planted. One-third of each variety was fertilized in addition to the manure with 400 lbs. of fertilizer per acre; one-third with 200 lbs. per acre, and the other third manure only. The fertilizer was scattered broadcast and harrowed in. Each plot of 1 acre was six rows running the entire length of the field. The first frost on September 1, which was much earlier than usual, damaged the crop slightly; while a severe frost on September 23 of 9° did considerable damage, and very materially reduced the yield per acre. The following table gives the name of variety sown, how treated, and yield per acre : — 326 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. t905 FIELD CROP OF CORN — FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS. Name of Variety, how fertilized, size of jilot, and when cnt. i acre- i " i acre- i acre- i " i acre- -MaHure Manure -Manure Manure -Manure Manure -Manure Manure Awjel of Midiiis. per acre. • 250 II alone, 20 tons per acre Carter's^ Elephant. (Pulled November IC.) -.Manure and Bowker's ' Square ' brand fertilizer, 500 lbs. ])cr acre. 2.50 II alone, 20 tons per acre Kor'fiaroo. (Pulled October 10.) -Manure and Bowker's 'Square ' brand fertilizer, 500 lbs. per acre. 250 II alone, 20 tons per acre Empress Swede. (Pulled October 21.) -Manure and Bowker's ' Square' brand feitilizer, 500 lbs. per acre 250 ,1 alone, 20 tons per acre 19 505 19 976 17 1,760 Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 28 .55 934 15 27 1,725 928 45 24 285 804 45 20 785 679 45 21 1,770 729 30 21 630 710 80 25 1,015 850 15 26 935 882 15 24 1,140 819 21 405 706 45 20 770 679 30 18 285 604 45 642 649 590 45 36 REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FIELD CROP OF TURNIPS FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS. Concluded. 329 Name of Variety, how Fertilized, si/.e of Plot, and date when pulled. Y per ield Acre. Yield per Acre. Purple Top Swede. Tons Lbs. Bush Lbs. (Pulled November 7.) J acre— Manure and ' Thomas' Phosphate Powd.-r, 1,000 lbs per acre i " " .. .. 500 i 11 11 alone, 20 tons per acre 28 28 26 250 925 1,175 937 948 886 30 45 15 Purple Top Stccile. (Pulled November 2.) J acre— Manure and Pidgeon's ' Intense ' brand fertilizer, 1,000 lbs. per acre. I .1 .1 M 1, 500 §11 11 alone, 40 tons per acre 20 24 27 1,8D0 1.230 1,275 897 820 921 30 30 15 EXPEKIMENTS WITH MAXGELS. The ground selected for the mangel plots was a light clay loam. It was in clover the previous year, in grain in 1902, and in roots in 1901, for which crop 30 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre was used. The clover sod was ploughed last fall and this spring was worked up with the spade harrow and manured with 25 one- horse cart loads of stable manure per acre, which was ploughed in and worlvcd up mtli the spade and springtooth harrows. Complete fertilizer at the rate of 400 lbs. per acre was sown broadcast and harrowed in with the smoothing harrow, after which row3 were run 24 inches apart. The plots were sown May 30, and a duplicate set on June 13. The rows were raked off and the seed sown with the Planet Jr., liand seed drill. The crop was harvested October 12. The yield per acre has been determined from the weight obtained from two rows, each 66 feet long. The mangel crop suffered considerably from the ravages of the cutworm. The early-sown plot of Prize "Winner Yellow Globe was so badly destroyed that reliable weights could not be obtained. The continued dry weather until after the middle of July also pre- vented satisfactory growth, while the latter part of the season was fairly suitable. MANGELS — TEST OF VARIETIES. No. Name of Varietv Yield per Acre. l.st Plot Sown. 1 Yellow Intermediate 2 Mammoth Yellow Intermediate. 3 Lion Yellow Intermediate 4 Giant Yellow Intermediate .... 5 jtnant Sugar Mangel 6 Half Long Sugar Wiiite 7 Half Long Sugar Jlo-ith 35 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre. The rows ran lengthwise across each of these differently treated pieces of the field. The pieces on which clover and oats were grown last year were ploughed in the fall, but the root piece was not ploughed urtil this spring. This spring the whole field was worked up by going over it once each with the diso and spade harrows, after which stable manure at the rate of 20 tons per acre was .scat- tered broadcast with the manure spreader and ploughed under. The ground was agai.i gone over with the spade, springtooth, and smoothing harrows, and put into a good state of tilth. Four varieties of mangels were sown. One-third acre of each was fertilized, in addition to the manure, with 500 pounds of fertilizer per acre. One-third with 250 pounds of fertilizer per acre in addition to the manure, and the other third, manure only. The fertilizer was scattered broadcast before the land was run up into rows 24 inches apart. The seed was sown with the hand seed drill in bunches one foot apart. Each plot was one-third acre, or eight rows running the entire length of the field. This field did not make a satisfactory growth, owing to the extremely dry weather prevailing during the first part of the season. The later growth was fair. The cut- worm did considerable damage. The following table gives results obtained. FIELD CROP OF MANGELS — FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS. Name of Vainety, how Fertilized, size of Plot and date when pulled. Yield per Acre. Yield per Acre. Mammoth Long Bed. Tons Lbs. Bush. Lbs. (Pulled October 13.) . ^ acre— Manure and Bowker's ' Square ' brand fertilizer, 500 lbs. i „ " „ -, .. 2r)0 per acie. . . II 14 13 80 1,705 4G8 403 15 12 585 409 45 Giant Yellow Half Low;. (Pulled October 17.) J acre— Manure and Bowker's 'Square ' brand fertilizer, 500 lbs. i „ „ .. . 250 per acre. . . 17 15 1,985 SO 599 500 45 30 12 1,605 426 45 Giant Yellow Globe. (Pulled October 18.) 4 acre- Manure and Bowker's ' Square ' brand fertilizer, 500 lbs. i „ „ -. " 250 per acre. . . 14 12 530 1,395 475 423 30 15 11 1,775 396 15 Giant Yellow Globe and Mammoth Long Red. (Seed mixed before planting.) 1 acre— Manure and Bowker's ' Square ' brand fertilizer, 500 lbs. \ „ „ M " 250 per acre. . . 11 12 965 855 382 414 45 15 10 625 343 45 liiiroirr or mr. r. Ror>iJRTSox 331 SESSIONAL PAPER No 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH SUGAR BEETS. Eight varieties of sugar beets were tested. These were on plots adjoining thx*) mangel plots and received the same treatment in every particular. The dry weather prevailing during the early part of the season also prevented this crop from making good growth. The seed was sown May 30, and duplicate plots were so^vn June 13. The plots were each two rows, 66 feet long. The crop was harvested October 12. The following table gives the yieid per acre obtained. SUGAR BEETS — TEST OF VARIETIES. No. Name of Vaiiet}'. Red Top Sugar Royal Giant Improved laiperial. . . Wanzleljen Danish Impiroved. . . . Danish Red Top Vihnorin's Improved French Very Rich , . . Yield per Acre. 1st Plot Sown. Tons. Lbs. 26 24 23 22 20 20 18 14 140 1,830 355 880 1,910 95 795 1,205 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot Sown. Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot Sown. Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot Sown. Bush. Lbs. Tuns. Lbs. 'Bush. Lbs. 869 830 772 748 G98 668 613 486 27 20 21 18 19 20 16 12 1,440 4'>5 75 1,455 775 755 1,330 1,575 f 924 673 701 624 646 j 679 i 555 •I 426 45 15 15 15 15 30 15 EXPERIMENTS WITH CARROTS. Ten varieties of carrots were under test. They were grown in plots ad.]'oining th? turnip plots and received the same treatment in every particular. The seed was sown May 30, and duplicate plots were sown two weeks later, June 13. Each plot was two rows 66 feet long. The carrots also failed to make good growth owing to the dry weather prevailing during the first part of the summer. The crop was harvested October 25, and the following yields were obtained. CARROTS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Mammoth "White Intermediate. Carter's Orange Giant White Belgian Long Yellow Stump-rooted . . .. New White Intermediate Giant White Vosges Ontario Champion Half Long Chantenay Earlj' Gem Improved Short "White Yield per Ac-e. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot Sown. 2nd Plot Sown Tons. Lbs. 21 20 20 19 IS 18 18 IS 17 16 1,890 1,910 260 1,765 1,290 960 630 465 1,475 1,660 Bush. Lbs. 731 698 671 662 621 616 610 607 591 561 SO 30 45 30 30 45 15 Yield per Aci-e. 1st Plot SOWTI. Tons Lbs. 18 1,620 19 1,105 18 1,445 18 1,950 17 1,145 16 340 18 960 17 1,970 16 1,330 14 710 Yield per 2nd Plot Sown. Bush. Lbs. 627 651 624 632 585 539 616 599 555 478 45 30 45 30 30 30 EXPERIMENTS WITH POTATOES. The land on which the potatoes were grown was a clay loam. The previous crop was clover. The ground was manured early in the fall with stable manure at the £32 EXPERIM E\ TA L FAR.V S 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 rate of 20 one-liorse cart loads per acre and at once ploughed under. In the spring- this was gone over with the spade and springtooth harrow and ploughed. It was again worked once each with the spade, springtooth and smoothing harrows. Rows were run 30 inches apart and about 4 inches deej) and potato fertilizer at the rate of 400 lbs. per acre scattered along the rows before planting. The sets were dropped one foot apart in these rows and covered with the plough. The tubers "were cut so as to have from 3 to 3 eyes in each set. The drills were harrowed down once before the plants were above the ground and again drilled up in a'f(nv days and the soil kept loose with the cultivator until the vines were quite large. The field was hoed once by hand. The plots were sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green on July 20, August 5 and August 26. There was no blight noticeable on these plots and the tubers were free from rot. Forty-five varieties were included in the test. Tliey were planted May 31 and dug September 1 and 3. Each plot was two rows, each 66 feet long. They yielded as follows : — POTATOES — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Vick's Extra Early Carman No. 1 Irish Cobbler Pearce Green Mountain Country (Gentleman . . . Delaware 8 Rochester Rose 9 Rose Xo. 0 10 State of Maine. 11 Everett 12 General Gordon 13:Early St. George 14 Clay Rose 15T. X. L 10 Pingree^ 171 Early Xorther 18 Prolific Rose 1<.) Maule's Thoroughbred , 20, Uncle Sam 21 Empire State 22 Dreer's Standard 23 Bovee 24 Early Envoy 25 Enormous 2C Penn Manor 27 Burnaby Seedling 28 Seedling No. 7 1 DlEarly Sunrise 30! Early White Prize 31 JEarly Michigan 32^Rawdon Rose 33 Cambridge Russet 34 Canadian Beauty 35! Money !Maker 3GlLate Puritan 37[ Early Andes 38 American (iiant . 39 Swiss SnowHake 40 Reeves" Rose 41 Sabean's Elephant 42 Pearly Rose 43 Holborn Almndance. . , 41 American Wonder 4.5| Carman Xo. 3 Quality. Good. Meiium . Good . . . . Medium . Good . . . . Medium. Good . . . . Medium . Good . . . . Total Yield per Acre. Medium. Good . . . . Bush. Lbs. 495 .. 402 .. 439 .. 424 418 418 413 409 400 398 390 390 391 385 385 374 374 309 367 363 303 350 354 3.V2 352 3.52 345 343 341 341 341 33(> 331 332 331 323 321 319 314 312 308 299 297 253 242 36 36 12 24 12 30 36 24 24 12 24 12 30 24 12 24 12 30 24 12 Yield per Acre • o; Marketable . Bush. Lbs. 429 374 356 24 358 36 319 310 48 323 24 352 330 310 48 297 308 275 323 24 259 36 332 12 290 24 275 308 281 36 2s(; 204 255 12 264 279 24 259 30 257 24 281 30 204 255 12 231 244 12 253 257 24 i'37 36 233 12 248 36 224 24 170 210 24 228 48 228 48 171 36 198 213 24 Yield per Acre of Un- marketable. Bush. Lbs. 60 .. 88 .. 83 36 66 . . 99 .. 101 90 57 70 81 99 88 116 61 125 41 83 94 59 81 92 99 88 72 92 88 61 77 85 110 92 81 74 92 90 72 94 138 06 79 70 125 .55 12 12 12 24 24 30 30 24 48 36 36 24 24 24 36 24 36 48 24 24 48 24 12 36 36 36 12 24 24 Form and Colour. 28 36 Long, round, white. Flat, round, white. Round, white. Long, pink and white. Flat, round, white. Long, pink and white. Flat, round, white. Oblong, pink. Round, white. Flat, round, white. Oblong, pink. Round, pink. Long, pink and white. Oblong, white. Long, pink and white. Oblong, i>ink. Long, pink. Round, white. Long, white. Round, white. Oblong, pink and wliite. Long, pink. Round, white. Ijong, dark pink. Long, pink and white. Oblong, pink. Long, round, pink. Long, white. Oblong, white. Round, pink and white. Oblong, white. Long, pink and white. Long, white. Long, pink and white. Round, pink. Long, pink. Oblong, white. Long, pink. Long, wliite. Long, i)ink. Oblong, white. Long, white. Fiat, rotmd, white. REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 333 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS TO TEST THE VALUE OF BUG DEATH AS COMPARED ■\VITI[ PARIS GREEN AND BORDEAUX AND PARIS GREEN ON POTATOES. Experiments were again conducted to test the comparative value of Bug Death, Paris green and Bordeaux Mixture and Paris green. The plots were alike in treat- ment of soil, date of planting, «S:c. The variety. Carman No. 1, was vised. The soil was similar on all these plots and was treated in the same way. The plots were each 1-33 of an acre. < On one plot two applications of Bug Death were given, one on July 20 and one August 5. Four pounds of Bug Death was dusted on the plants at each application. The vines were quite large and this amount just nicely covered the leaves. It was applied in the early morning when the dew was on. Bugs were jnst coruimencing to feed at the time of the first application, and very few were noticed at the time of second application. Paris Green and water at the rate of 1 oz. to 10 gallons of water, and one quart of lime water added, was applied by means of a spray pump to one plot, July 20 and August 5. At the time of the second application, about as many bugs were present on this plot as on the plot where Bug Death vras used. Poisoned Bordeaux ]\Iixture, made of 4 lbs. blucstone, 4 lbs. lime, 4 ounces of Paris green and 40 gallons of water, was sprayed on a third plot July 20, August 4 and Augnst 26. As many bugs were noticed at the time of the second application as were on the other two plots. No bugs were present at the time of the third application. The Bug Death Avas quite as effective in killing the bvigs as either the Paris green or poisoned Bordeaux. No blight was noticeable on any of these plots. The following yields per acre have been calculated from the weight of tubers taken from each of these plots of 1-33 of an acre: — How treated. ' .Yield per acre. Bush. Lbs. Bordeaux and Paris green S.jG 24 Bug Death 340 16 Paris green 319 MATERIALS USED AND COST PER ACRE. Blir, Dealh Plot. 1st application, 132 lbs. per acre, at 7c. per lb $ 9 24 2nd application, 132 lbs. per acre, at 7c. per lb 9 24 $18 48 Paris Green Plot. 4 lbs. Paris green at 25 cts. per lb ^ 1 00 Bordeaux and Paris Green Plot. 50 lbs. bluestone at 8 cts. per lb $ 4 00 50 lbs. rock lime at 1 ct. per lb 50 4 lbs. Paris green at 25 cts. per lb 1 00 $5 50 334 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EXPERIMENTS WITH SOJA BEANS AND HORSE BEANS. Experiments were again conducted with Soja beans and Horse beans to test their relative value as forage crops, and also the yield per acre when grown in rows at different distances apart. The plots were 1-10 acre each. The soil was a clay loam in a good state of fertility. The seed was sown June 13. Many of the plants of both these plot-^ were destroyed by the cutworms. The ' Black Dolphin ' aphis destroyed the remaining plants of Horse Beans, and a frost September 1 killed the Soja Beans, making it im- possible to obtain any reliable data from cither of these plots. EXPERIMENTS WITH ALE ALFA. A one-fortieth acre plot of Alfalfa was sown early in June, 1902, with barley as a nurS'>crop. The nurse-crop was cut early in August. The plants only made fair growth and during the following winter were all killed out except a few plants. These made very poor growtli during the season of 1903, and now only two weak plants re- main. In 1903 a similar plot was sown early in June. Wheat being used as a nur.je-crop, was left uncut and allowed to remain as a protection to "the plants during winter. The Alfalfa plants made a good start and nearly all came through the winter, but were in a sickly condition and made very poor growth this season. A few odd plants of Red clover that happened by chance to get into this plot lived through the winter and made exceptionally good growth. This plot was cut twice through the summer, at which times the Alfalfa was only from 4 to 6 inches high, while the few plants of Red clover in this plot were at least 'three times their height and weight. The soil of these two plots was a heavy clay, underdrained, in a fair state of fertility and well cultivated before sowing. This season a plot of 1-10 acre of Alfalfa was sown. The soil was a heavy clay, underdrained, and in' a good state of fertility. This land was plowed May 13 and well worked up. It was again worked May 29, June 20 and 29 with the spring-tooth and smoothing harrows. On July 7 this ground was again worked with the spade, spring- tooth and smoothing harrows and Alfalfa sown at the rate of 25 lbs. per acre with the grain seed drill. One-half of the plot was sown with wheat at the ra'te of 2 bushels per acre as a nurse-crop, and the other half with Alfalfa alone. The Alfalfa on the plot without a nurse-crop made a much more satisfactory growth than that with the nurse -crop, and was much better than that of any foriucr year. On October 20 the growth of that sown alone averaged 10 to 12 inches, and that with the nurse-crop averaged only 5 to 7 inches. The nurse-crop, which made a growth of about 24 inches, was allowed to remain as a protection during winter. xMILLET. Six varieties of millet wore grown on land that was in grain last year. The ground was manured last fall at the rate of 15 one-horse cart loads per acre and ploughed under this spring. This ground was again ploughed and worked up with the disc^ springtooth and smoothing harrows. The seed was sown June 15 with the Planet Jr. liand drill in plots of one-fortieth acre each. The crop was cut August 20, while still in a green state for feed. The yield per acre is for green feed when cut. Tons. Lbs. Moha Green California 14 750 Italian or Indian 10 350 Pearl or Cat Tail 7 White Round French 5 1,750 Algerian 5 1,050 Moha Hungarian 5 250 RKPORT or Mh'. !,'. nOUEh'TSON 335 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 CLOVER EXPERIMENTS. Experiments were again conducted this season for the purpose of determining the gain, if any, from growing clover with grain crops for the purpose of turning under the growth made during the season for the benefit of future crops. The ground was tlie same as that on wliich similar clover experiments were conducted last season. The soil was a clay loam in a fair state of fertility. Three kinds of grain were sown and each of these series of plots were treated the same. Six plots were seeded down at the time the grain was sown. May 31, with Mammoth Red clover at the rate of 10 pounds per acre, and six with grain alone without clover. These plots were sown in a similar manner last season, and those seeded to clover this year had been seeded to clover last year, and those not seeded to clover this season had not been seeded to clover last year. The ground was ploughed in the fall and this spring was worked up with the disc, springtooth and smoothing harrows and the seed sown with the seed drill. The gi'owth of clover on these plots was very light in 1903, consequently no vory great differenge in the y'cld per acre of grain from them this year could be ex- pected. The clover on the plots seeded to clover was again unusually light and although starting well was killed out badly by the continued dry weather during June and July. Late sown grain rusted badly; especially was this the case with late sown wheat. The White Fife series of plots were so badly rusted that the crop was not worth threshing for the grain alone. The wheat was cut August 30; the oats, August 31; and the barley, August 27. The plots were one-fortieth acre each and gave the following yields per acre. EXPERIMENTS WITH CLOVER SOWN WITH GRAIN. Xo. Xo. 1— Without clover. 2— With clover 3 — Without clover. 4— With clover 1— Without clover. 2 — With clover. . . 3 — Without clover. 4 — With clover . . . 1— Without clover. 2— With clover 3 — Without clover. 4 — With clover. . . . Name of Varietj' of grain and how seeded. JVkitc Fife Wheat. Wuvcrliy Oats. Odessa Barlcv. Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 6 40 fi 50 0 20 5 10 64 24 62 ?,2 57 2 60 20 20 20 23 26 27 4 27 24 SPECIAL EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS. kipecial experiments with fertilizers of various kinds commonly used for field cropT have been conducted for the past five j-ears. It was decided that the further fertilizing ol theoC plots should be abandoned and the land seeded to grain for some years, to determine the extent to which these fertilizers already applied would continue to supply the crop ;vith tlie required plant food. Accordingly the field was seeded entirely to grain. Mammoth Red clover was sown on one-half of the field at the rate of 10 pounds per acre at the same time. The other half was not seeded to clover. 336 EX I'EniM j:\ta l FA/rus 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The plots were one-eighth acre each on which fertilizers of different kinds had been previously applied. These plots were divided into ten strips 14 feet wide, each running lenprthwise across all the different fertilized plots. These strips were sown with fivd different kinds of grain: namely, oats, wheat, barley, pease and mixed grain. A margin of two feet w.^s loft between each plot, and one foot between each crop plot. The yield from these plots is given in the following table : Fertilizers used each Year iring the past Five Years, per Acre. 1 Manure, 30 tons 2 Manure, 15 tons, fertilizer, 250 lbs 3 Complete fertilizer, 1,000 lbs 4 „ SUOlbs .5 Check. No fertilizer used G Bone-meal, 1,000 lbs 7 .. 500 lbs 8 Ashes, 2,500 lbs 9 Manute, rotted, 20 tons 10 Check. No fertilizer used 11 Land plaster, 500 lbs 12 Salt, 500 lbs 13 Marsh mud, 100 tons 14 Manure, green, 20 tons 22 85 273 447 °o 1016 18|20 215 012 810 1811 32 10 30 11 18 1 15 >-2 O SI 40 22 19 Ifi 14 10 11 11 12 17 7 30 I 40 50 40 50 40 20il0 50 1 13 20115 50 1 18 ^1 s H^ « 30 50 10.52 50 35 1033 50 22 40 33 4Q31 543 30'54 30!20 ..19 20 25 50,36 20160 W?^ . . '.56 4 51 20 27 24 27 29 37 46 50 40 22 38 12 57 261 4|4l 18 37 4^42 8,43 24 37 42 35 ..56 44|30 3CLS5 10 41 2457 16 67 .5 f-" o CQ 1-^ 20:60 lO'Oo loUo 20 45 20142 30 41 W 29 30 24 21 15 25 30 20J28 ..l29 i>6 27 20 16 40 32 20 15 50 35 .. 25 .. 55 .. 31 40 63 30 35 50 s ^ 10:30 . . 50 35 . . 10 28 20 40 20 . . 13 20 22 30 26 40 20;27 30 IOI3I 40 11 40 14 10 23 20 26 40 32 30 EXPERIMENTS WITH EERTILIZERS ON WHEAT. Experiments were conducted this year with wheat fertilized with different fer- tilizing materials. The variety Australian No. 19 was used. The seed was sowti at the rate of If bushels per acre, June 1, and was harvested September 3. The ground on which thi.s wheat was grown is a clay loam, and was previously in roots, having been manured with 30 one-horse cart loads of stable manure for that crop. The land was ploughed this spring and subsequently worked into good tilth. The growth of straw averaged 40 inches. This crop was practically ruined by rust. HAY. The crop of clover and timothy hay was light, being fully one-third less than an average crop. Six acres of upland yielded 13 tons 1,165 lbs., and a 11-acre field yielded 24 tons 1,710 lbs. One acre of Awnless Brome yielded 1 ton 1,250 lbs. The 12 acres of underdrained marsh produced 15 tons 700 lbs., and the 35 acres not un- derdrained yielded 37 tons 1,270 lbs. This made a total of 93 tons 95 lbs. SUMMARY OF CROPS GROWN ON THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM THIS SEASON. Grain Field Crops. Bush. Lbs. Oats 181 18 Barley 27 2G Mixed grain 412 23 Buckwheat 64 . . 685 27 liEPORT OF MB. R. ROBERTSON 337 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Grain from Trial Plots. Bush. Lbs. O'^ts 92 11 Barley 52 45 Wheat 25 2 Pease 27 44 ♦198 22 Roots, &c.. Field Crops. . Bush. Lbs. Turnips 5,540 2 J^angels 1,767 55 7;W7 57 From Trial Plots. Bush. Lbs. Turnips 277 34 Mangels 157 26 Carrots 71 12 Sugar Beets 66 16 Potatoes — marketable 116 15 Potatoes — not marketable 26 55 718 38 Corn for Ensilage. Tons. Lbs. Field crop 36 440 Prom trial plots 12 1,342 48 1,782 SUMMARY OF FEED USED. Summary of feeds used in connection with stock on farm, July 1, 1903, to June 30, 1904 :— — Hay. Grain or Meal. Corn or Routs. Grown on farm Purchased Received by exchange Lbs. 205,272 51,606 5,600 Lbs. 52,680 153,200 18,500 Lbs. 640,500 Total 262,478 224,386 The meal consumed consisted of oats, 37,094 lbs.; bran, 39,200 lbs.; middlings, 40,400 lbs.; mixed grain (oats, pease and barley), 34,104 lbs.; gluten meal, 30,000 lbs. ; pea meal, 9,000 lbs. ; oil cake, 8,500 lbs. ; corn meal, 6,400 lbs. ; moulie, 7,000 lbs. ; wheat chop, 4,000 lbs. ; buckwheat, 5,976 lbs. ; barley, 2,712 lbs. Total, 224,386 lbs. DISPOSITION OF FEEDS. Disposition of feed harvested, and purchased for use of live '^tock on farm, July 1, 1903, to June 30, 1904:— 16—22 338 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Class fed. Grain or Meal. Corn or Roots. Hay. Grain or Meal. Corn or Roots Hay. 8 horses 27 steers 10 young steers 21 cows (winter). . . . 27 cows (summer). . . , 22 j'oung stock Calves under 1 year. 3 bulls Poultry 18 sheep 70 swine . . Seed On hand July 1 . . . . Lbs. 41,200 27,210 4,.%0 39,(590 20,250 20, .500 1,500 4,000 2,000 ;^,240 38,000 5,000 7,000 Lbs. 214,350 G6,750 159,500 113,-! 00 Lbs. 58,400 59,292 10,780 .56.700 10,125 40,500 2,000 G.OOO 6,480' Weighed Estimated Weighed Estimated Weighed Weighed 3 ^ Total account Amount harvested. Shrinkage % Shrinkage 21.3,940 224,386 10,446 4 •65% 556,000 640,560 84,560 13-20% 248,277 262,478 14,201 5-41% GEAIN AND POTATO DISTKIBUTIOK Some of the most promising varieties of grain and potatoes were again distri- buted this year free to farmers who made application. The following number of packages of 3 lbs. each were sent out: — ■ Oat^ 198 Barley 65 Wheat 72 Pease 51 Buckwheat 25 Potatoes .- ,3.31 Total 742 HORSES. The stock of horses at present on the farm consists of three team.s of heavy working horses, one express horse and one driver. There have been no changes dur- ing the year. All are in good condition. CATTLE. The herd of dairy cattle on the farm at present, of all ages and breeds, numbers 49 head as follows : — 1 Guernsey bull, 6 years old. 1 Ayrshire bull, IJ years old. 1 Ayrshire bull calf. 2 Guernsey cows. 6 Ayrshire eows. 3 Holstein cows. 14 Grade cows. 1 (iuernsoy heifer, 1 year old. 5 Ayrshire heifers, 1 to 2 years old. 1 Holstein heifer, 1 year old. 7 Grade Ayrshire heifers. 1^ years old. 1 Ayrshire heifer calf. 2 Holstein heifer calves. 4 Grade heifers, Ayr. and Guernseys. REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 339 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The steers on hand and in experiments number 34 head, as follows: — 8 three-year-old steers, short-horn grades. 8 two-year-old steers, short-horn grades. 8 one-year-old steers, short-horn grades. 10 steer calves, short-horn grades. EXPERIMENT WITH DAIRY COWS. This experiment was carried on as in former years, to further determine the profit or loss of a fairly good dairy herd, well fed and cared for, with the feeds consumed charged at current market prices, and receiving credit for millc produced, the value of which being established by the price received at the creamery during the season. The different feeds were charged at the following prices : Wheat bran, $20 per ton; oats, $24 per ton; oil cake, $34 per ton; gluten-meal, $28.50 per ton; making an average price of mixed meal ration, as per proportion fed to cows, of l-ic. per pound. Roots at $2 per ton, ensilage at $2 per ton, and hay at $8 per ton. The ration fed to cows in full milk was : Ensilage or roots, 50 lbs. ; meal, 9 lbs. ; hay, 10 lis. ; making a cost of 19-4 cents per cow per day. In summer months, while milking, they were charged $2.50 per month, and when dry, $1 per month. When dry in winter they were charged $3 per month. Different quantities were fed to different cows, according to their capacity to- consume and produce, or period of lactation, and charged accordingly. They were kept in the stable from November 1. 1903, to June 1, 1904, except on occasional fine days, when they were allowed out in the yard. From June 1 to November 1, they were put out in the field the greater part of the time, night and day, but kept in during cold or wet weather. They were fed, watered and milked each day at as nearly regular intervals as possible, and by the same persons. The summer feed was practically all summer soiling crops, rye, clover, or oats, pease and vetches grown together and sown at different times after July 15. They were fed some hay, and after August 15, green corn. The milk of each cow was weighed at milking twice each day, and a careful record kept of the number of pounds given. The percentage of fat in the millc of each cow was determined by the Babcock milk tester, and the fat credited to the cow; on the basis that 85 pounds of fat pro- duces 100 pounds of marketable butter. The milk was sent to the Nappan dairy station, and the cows were credited with the butter produced at the prices paid to all patrons of lihat station, which averaged for the winter months 21 4-7 cents per pound, and for the summer m^onths 201 cents per pound, less 4 cents per iK)und for manufacturing and hauling milk, leaving 20 4-7 cents per pound for winter butter and 16| cents per pound for summer butter. The skim-milk was fed to calves and pigs, and credited to the cows at the rate of 15 cents per 100 pounds. Of the 27 cows on hand December 1, 1903, only 21 are reported as in milk. Of the remainder, one died, some failed to breed .and others were old and disposed of. The following table will show the results obtained during the year: — IG— 22i 340 EXPEIUMKXTA L FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 CC'r-^r-l.-i©OC;C:t-lS'*"rtiHrHrHCCOi «J "5 *? S. r-'G001C?5MCOI:^THeCC:>-ll^OO»•I<^col^t^^-xc^lOlQ«> t~ t - :c in — -^ :£ w ii: — ts lO IS -f Tf Tf •* -* '*> -f rf i^ (^5 ic X © cc IS ^; IS o c; (M :© Tt" to c-1 !M i-H i-H X X © C-. X t^ X 1= t-^ © -o «o c-1 cc :c © o .-1 1-1 M © o c; c: ?] e^ (N w i-j N c^ s^i iM s^ cq 1-1 i-i m c-. e.t^xt>.x«©o ©C:©©©©C©©©© ©©©©©©©©©© t^c©-^r)<- — c:-r— . ^:r-©©-r©XlS.— -rx © CC I- ?) — C © r^ --i in -r ?1 CC I- t^ t^ X — L- iC © t^ tC ©' iS ©' ©' ©' ©' in ©' irf is ic -i^ n^ -^ 'J''" ■* -s^ -r' '3<" © © © c © © © o © © o © IS © o © © ir. © © ©©xx©t~©©©©i^t-ix — mt^"-!©-*© (M cc c^i i-i cc r^ re ?5 r: cc r^ cc ^^ M ?^ t<-r:»i-^c<5-^-^c<:'^"*'*-f 1 I- © r-i r-i © SPm " J3 * uj ^ i> ? <; Q rft C t, > " tc <53 r-o o :c O X, 3i p g :C3C5 .^ CO .^ Ml fc- X X W 03 x ;>s 3 >1 >: >i >i c • • V a; • "^ •r • • cj : :C; w 'O ■ • a ui bi ■ '^ i; ;i = -< ^ u > >>>> X <<;-<3 — '^ o u — ■ rX — Kj ^vi -<< 5 >>>. ^ 'I' -C ^ — REPORT OF. UA'. R. ROlilJRTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH STEERS. 341 TIKD IN STALLS VS. FED I\ LOOSK BOX. TliLs experiment was iigain carried on with the view of testing the advisability of feetling in loose boxes, as contrasted with similar steers fed tied in stalls. Sixteen three-year-old steers were used for this test in two lots of eight each, of as nearly as possible equal form, fatness and weight (short-horn grades). All weights were taken after a fast of fourteen hours, that is, at 9 a.m., v.-ithout feed. All were dehorned previous to beginning of test, and by careful weighing, both before and after dehorning, it was found that an average loss of 25 pounds per steer was sustained, requiring from 10 days to two weel^s to regain. All lots were fed alike, as nearly as possible, from start to finish of test, and kept in the stable all -the time, except on occasional fine days, when they were let out for ■ a time, averaging not more than once a week. The feeds were \?harged at the follow- ing prices : Hay, $8 per ton; roots, $2 per ton; ensilage, $2 per ton; mixed meals averaged $24 per ton; as per proportion fed. The result of this experiment again shows slightly more gain for those fed in loose box stalls, than for those tied up, with a decided advantage as to the labour required, while the amount of straw required for loose steers is at least 50 per cent more than for those tied up. Following are the results obtained : — Record of steers, fed from November 16, 1903, to April 30, 1904. LOT I. — DEHORNED, FED IN LOOSE BOX. e Nov. IG. Dec. 1. 'S Dec. 31. _• Jan. 30. '3 Mar. 1. 'S Mar. 31. , Apr. 30. Total Gain. ^ Lbs. o -*■ Lbs. Lbs Lbs. Lbs O O Lbs. Lbs Lbs. Lbs Lbs. Lbs Lbs. Lbs Lbs. 9... 1,075 1,115 40 1,195 80 1,2G5 70 1,315 50 1,350 35 1,380 30 305 10... 1,230 1,2G0 30 1,320 60 1,370 50 1.410 40 1,440 30 1,450 10 220 11... 1,220 1,2G0 40 1,330 70 1,380 50 1,440 60 1,480 40 1,510 30 290 12... 1,140 1,180 40 1,240 60 1,300 GO 1,350 i 50 1.390 40 1,410 20 270 13... ],or.5 1,100 35 1,175 75 1,225 50 l,2fi5 1 40 1,305 40 1,340 35 275 14... 1,340 1,390 50 1,470 fcO 1,530 60 ],590 60 1,640 50 1,G75 35 335 15... 1,275 1,325 50 1,405 SO 1,475 70 1,525 50 1,5G5 30 1,595 30 320 1«... 1,000 1,040 40 1,130 90 1,190 60 1,240 50 1,280 40 1,310 30 310 ._. — 9,345 9,G70 325 10,2(;5 595 10,735 490 11,135 400 11,450 315 11,670 220 2,325 LOT II.— DEHORNED, TIED IN STALLS. 1... 1,415 1,465 50 1,545 80 1,605 60 1,645 40 1,695 .50 1,725 30 310 2... 1,,300 1,340 40 1,400 60 1,450 50 1,495 45 1,525 30 l,.5(i0 35 260 3... 1,225 1,275 50 1,345 70 1,.3S5 40 1,425 40 1,460 35 1,485 ?5 260 4... 1,130 1,180 50 1,2G0 80 1,300 40 1,3.50 50 1,390 40 1,415 25 285 5... 1,065 1,100 35 1,160 60 1,195 35 1,215 50 1,285 40 1,310 25 245 6... 1,175 1,220 4.') 1,300 80 1,.%0 60 1,400 40 1,440 40 1,475 35 300 7... 1,080 1,120 40 1,170 50 1,220 50 1,260 40 1,290 30 1,310 10 230 8... 1,070 1,100 30 1,160 10,340 GO 540 1,200 10,715 40 375 1,250 11,070 50 355 1,275 11,360 25 290 1,305 11,585 30 225 235 9,4G0 9,800 340 2,125 342 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EXPERIMEXT WITH STEEiis — Continued. Ex. 1. — Average cost of 1 steer per day for entire period. Period. Daily Ration. Daily Cost. Cost for period. Total. 1903. Nov. 16 to Dec. 1 Lbs. Roots .... 90 Hay 10 Meal 2 Roots .... 60 Hay 10 Meal 4 Roots ... 40 Hay 10 Meal 5 Roots .... 30 Hay 12 Meal 7 Roots ... 30 Hay 15 Meal 8 Roots .... 20 Hay 15 Meal... . 8 $ cts. 0 09 0 04 0 02? S cts. 1 35 0 (iO 0 36 S cts. 2 31 Dec. 1 to Dec. 31 0 06 0 04 0 044 1 80 1 20 1 44 1904. Dec. 31 to Jan 30 4 44 4 56 4 86 5 58 5 28 0 04 0 04 0 07i 1 20 1 20 2 16 Jan. 30 to Marc?i 1 , 0 03 0 01* 0 08? 0 90 1 44 2 52 0 90 1 80 2 8S March 1 to March 31 0 03 0 06 0 09 1 March 31 to April 30 0 02 0 06 0 095 0 60 1 80 2 88 Cost of feed, 1 steer li 16 steers 27 03 432 48 SUMMARY OF EXPERIMEXT WITH STEERS. Financial Part. Original weight of 16 steers, 18,805 lbs., at 4Jc. per lb. . $ 775 70 Weight at finish of 16 steers, 23,255 lbs., at 5 -^^%c. per lb. 1,255 77 Balance 480 07 Cost of feed for lot, 165 days 432 48 Net profit 47 59 Daily rate of gain per steer . . , Lbs. 1*68 Cost of 1 lb. gain Cts. 971 Cost of feed per day per steer " 16*38 Profit per steer $2 97 It will be observed that an advance in price of 1*11 cents per lb. over buying price is required on a five months' feeding season, to cover feeding operations. The advance this season being 1*275 cents per lb, leaves a balance of $47.59 for lot. As in all other live stock experiments, no charge is made for labour, nor credit given for manure made. REI'DRT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 313 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 STEER CALF EXPERIMENT. This experiment v/hich was started in May, 1901, with ten calves, in two lots of five each, to determine the comparative economy of feeding calves a ' full fattening ration ' from the start, as contrasted with a ' limited growing ration,' was continued with the five termed Ex. L, Lot H., L.G.R. calves of May, 1901, Lot L of Ex. I., having been considered finished and sold April 30, 1903. Ex. II. calves of May. 1902, Ex. III. calves of May, 1903, were also continued, while Ex. IV. ten calves of May, 1904. ^.'as commenced. EXT'ERIJIEXT I. — LIMITED GROWING RATION. CALVES OF MAY, DECEAIBER 1, 1903. 1901, COXTIXUED FROM Lot II. Period. December 1 to December 31 . December 31 to .January 30. January 30 to March 1. March 1 to March 31. March 31 to April 30. Dailv Ration. Roots^, 00 lbs . Hav, 8 lbs . . . Meal, 3 lbs . . Daily Cost. § cts. 0 00 0 03 J 0 OM Cost for Period. Roots, 00 lbs.. Hay, 8 lbs Meal, 4 lbs Root.s, 60 lbs Hay, 8 lbs . Meal, 0 lbs . Roots, 40 lbs . Haj% 10 lbs.. Meal, 8 lbs . . April 30 to May .30. Roots. 30 lbs . Hay, 10 lbs.. Meal, 10 lbs . Roots, 20 lbs. Hay, 12 lbs.. Meal, 10 lbs . Cost of feed, 1 steer. . II 5 steers . 0 00 0 031 0 04* 0 C6 0 03J: 0 071: 0 04 0 04 0 093 0 03 0 04 0 12 .? cts. 2 70 0 00 1 08 Total. 0 02 0 044 0 12 2 70 0 0(1 1 44 1 SO 0 or. 2 IG 1 20 1 20 2 88 0 90 1 20 3 GO 0 CO 1 44 3 60 $ cts. 4 74 5 10 4 92 5 28 5 70 5 64 31 38 156 90 Lot II. December 1 to May 30 . Period. Weight at Start. Lbs. 5,160 Weight at Finish. Gain. Lbs. G,530 Lbs. 1,370 Lbs. Weight of five steers, December 1, 1903 5,160 Weight of five steers. May 30, 1904 6,530 Gain for period 1.3T0 Daily rate of gain per steer 1"52 Cost of feed per day per steer $ 0 1T"43 Cost of 1 lb. gain 0 11'45 Cost of feed for lot, ISO days 15G 90 Cost of 1 lb. gain for entire experiment 0 06'15 344 XXPEJUMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Experiment I. — Lot I. — F.F.E. Calves of May, 1901. Lat I. finished April 30, 1903, sold and reported page 289 Report of 1903. Inserted for comparison. SUMMARY OF LOT I. — EXPERIMENT I. Lbs. Weight of five steers, Decejinber 1, 1902 4,620 Weight of five steers, April 30, 1903 6,355 Gain for period 1,735 Daily rate of gain per steer 2*32 Cost of feed per day per steer $ 0 12'54 Cost of 1 lb. gain 0 06* Cost of feed for lot, 150 days 104 10 Cost of 1 lb. gain for entire experiment 0 05*53 Steer Calf Experiment — ExPERniENT II. Experiment II. (continued from December 1, 1903. j The following tables show results to March 30, 1904, and December 1, 1904. The full fattening ration ' Lot I.' of this experiment were finished and sold March 30, 1904. The limited growing ration Lot II. will be kept until spring of 1905. Experiment II. — calves of may-, 1902. contln"ued from December 1, 1903. Lot I. Period. Dec 1 to Dec. 31. Daily Ration. Roots, 60 lb.s. Hay, 8 lbs... Meal, 31bs. . Dec. 31 to Jan. 30 . . Roois, 60 lbs. Hay, 8 lbs... Meal, 41bs .. Jan. 30 to Mar. 1 Roots, 40 lbs. Hay, 10 lbs. . 'Meal, 5 lbs . . Mar. 1 to Mar. 31 Roots, 30 lbs t. ,Hav, 10 lbs Meal, 6 lbs Cost of feed, 1 steer. , ,1 5 steers Daily Cost. $ cts. 0 06 0 03i 0 03? Cost for Period. $ cts. 1 80 0 96 1 08 0 06 0 031 0 04| 0 04 0 04 0 06 0 03 0 04 0 071 1 80 0 96 1 44 1 20 1 20 1 80 0 90 1 20 2 18 Total. $ cts- 3 84 4 20 4 20 4 26 16 50 82 50 Lbs. Original weight, 5 steers, December 1, 1903 5,220 Weight at finish, 5 steers, March 30, 1904 6,230 Gain for period 1,010 Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. 1*6S Cost of feed per day per steer cts. 13*75 Cost of 1 lb. gain " 8*16 Cost of feed for lot, 120 days $ 82 50 REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 345 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ExPERniEXT II. — CALVES OF MAY, 1902, CONTIXUED FROM DECEMBER, 1, 1903. Lot II. Dai! J' Ration. Period. Dec. 1 to Dec. 31 iRoots, 40 lbs. Hay, 4 lbs... J Straw, 5 lbs. . Dec. 31 to Jan. 30 Roots, 40 lbs. Hay, 4 lbs. . . Straw, 5 lbs.. Jan. 30 to March 1 Roots, 40 lbs. . . Hay, 8 lbs ... March 1 to March 31 Roots, 40 lbs. . , Hav. 8 lbs :Marcli 31 to April 30 Roots, 30 lbs. Hay, 10 April 30 to May 30 Roots, 20 lbs Hay, 12 May 30 to Nov. 1 5 months at pasture at Nov. 1 to Dec. 1 Roots, 80 lbs. Hay, 8 lbs... Meal, 3 lbs . . Cost of feed for 1 steer, 365 days. Daily Cost. $ cts. 0 04 0 01 S 0 on 0 04 0 01? \ 0 0!i Cost for Period. $ cts. 1 20 0 48 0 45 1 20 •0 48 0 45 0 04 0 031 1 20 0 ilG Total Cost. 0 04 0 031 1 20 0 !)G 0 03 1 0 C4 1 0 90 1 20 S cts. 2 13 2 13 2 IG 2 16 2 10 2 04 G 00 4 44 23 16 Steer Calf Experiment II. — coxtixued. Lot II. Weight at start. Weight at finish. Lbs. 4,395 5,475 Gain. Period. Dec. 1 to June 1 June 1 to Dec. 1 Lbs. 3, GOO 4,305 Lbs. 705 1,080 i.bs Original weight of 5 steers, Dee. 1, 1903 3,690 Weight at finish, of 5 steers, Dec. 1, 1901 5.475 Gain for period 1.7S5 Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. *97 Cost of feed per day per steer (winter) cts. 8'17 " " " (summer) '' -1*00 " " " for period " 6'34 Cost of 1 lb. gain '• (VIS Cost of feed for lot, 1 year $115 80 S48 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Experiment HI. — lot I, full fattening ration — calves of may, 190o. Period. Dec. 1 to Dec. 31. Daily Ration. Roots, lb lbs. Hay, 2i lbs.. .\J.-al, 2 lbs.. Dec. 31 to Jan. 31 Roots., 20 lbs. Hav, 2i lbs.. Meal, 2 lbs... Jan. 31 to March 1 Roots, 2.5 lbs . . iHay, 4 lbs Mar. 1 to Mar, 31 . Mar. 31 to Ipril 30. .-Vpril 30 to May 30. May 30 to June 30 June 30 to July 15 July 15 to Oct. 1... Oct. 1 to Nov. 1. Nov. 1 to Dec. 1 Cost of feed 1 steer, 365 days. Meal, 2 lbs. Roots, .30 lbs., Hav, 4 lbs.... Meal, 2 lbs. . Roots, 30 lbs. Hay, 4 lbs . . Meal, 2 lbs. . . Roots, 30 lbs Hay, 4 lbs... Meal, 2 lbs. . . Roots, 30 lbs. Hay, 5 lbs . . . Meal, 2 lbs.., Meal, 2 lbs. Pasture at. Green feed, 40 lbs. Meal, 2 lbs Pasture at. Roots, 40 lbs Haj% 5 lbs . .' Meal, 2 lbs.-. Daily Cost. $ cts. 0 Oli 0 01 0 02? Cost for Period. 0 02 0 01 0 02j 0 02J 0 01^ 0 02? 0 03 0 013 0 02i $ cts. 0 45 0 30 0 72 Total. 0 03 0 015 0 02i 0 03 0 01? 0 02i 0 03 0 02 0 02? 0 021 0 04 0 02? 0 Ot 0 02 0 02; 0 GO 0 SO 0 72 0 75 0 48 0 72 0 90 0 48 0 72 0 90 0 48 0 72 0 90 0 48 0 72 0 90 0 f)0 0 72 1 08 1 50 3 00 1 80 1 00 1 20 0 GO 0 72 S cts. 1 47 1 02 1 95 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 22 2 5S 4 80 1 00 2 52 24 46 Steer Calf Experiment III. — continued. Period. Lot I. * Weight at Start. Weight at Finish. Gains. Lbs. 2,895 3,710 Lbs. 3,710 4,820 Lbs. 815 1,110 Lbs. Weight at start, 5 steers, Dec. 1, 1903 2,895 Weight at finish, 5 steers, Dec. 1, 1904 4,820 Gala for period .^ 1,925 REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 347 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. 1*05 Cost of feed per day per steer (winter) cts. 6" 60 Cost of feed per day per steer (summer) " 6*83 Cost of 1 lb. gain " 6*35 Cost of feed per day per steer for period " 6*70 Cost of 1 lb. gain " 6*35 Cost of feed for lot, 1 year $122 30 Steer Calf Experlment IV. In estimating the cost of feeding calves, the following values were put on the different feeds : — New milk, $1 per 100 pounds. Skim milk, 15 cents per 100 pounds. Meal (oats, wheat, bran and oil cake), $1 per 100 lbs. Roots or ensilage, 10 cents per 100 lbs. Hay, $8 per ton. Experiment IV. — lot I. full fattening ration — calves of may^ 1904. Period. Daily Ration. Amount fed during Period. Cost. Total Cost. •Tune'l to July 1 10 lbs. whole milk 10 lbs. skim-milk ^ lb. meal Lbs. 1,500 1,500 37i $ cts. 15 00 2 25 0 37^ $ cts. 10 lbs. whole milk 10 lbs. skim-milk .... ^ lb. meal 20 lbs. skim-milk 2 lbs. hay 1 lb. meal 17 G2i July 1 to August 1 1,550 1,550 77h 15 50 2 32 0 77i 18 591 August 1 to September 1 .....•• 3,100 310 155 4 05 1 24 1 55 10 lbs. skim-milk 2 lbs. hay 1 lb. meal 7 44 September 1 to October 1 1,500 300 150 2 25 1 20 1 50 4 95 October 1 to November 1 1,550 310 232 1 55 1 24 2 32 2 lbs. hay 1^ lbs. meal 10 lbs. roots 2 lbs. hay 2 ] bs. meal 5 11 November 1 to December 1 , . . . 1,500 300 300 1 50 1 20 3 00 5 70 Cost of feed, 5 calves 180 days 59 42 Lbs. Weight of 5 calves, June 1, 1904 905 Weight of 5 calves, Dec. 1, 1904 . . ._. 2,650 Gain for period 1,745 343 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A- 1905 Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. 1'90 Cost of 1 lb. of gain cts. 3'40 Cost of feed per day " 6'49 Cost of feed for lot, 183 days $59 41 Steer Calf E-xperimext IV. — Lot II. limited growing r.^tion calves of mav, 1904. Period. Daily Rations. Amount fed during Period. Cost. Total Cost. June 1 to July 1 '. 10 lbs. whole milk 10 lbs. skim-milk i lb. meal 5 lbs. whole milk 15 lbs. skim-milk ^ lb. meal Lbs. 1,500 1,500 37h $ cts. 15 00 2 25 0 37i $ cts. 17 m 775 2,325 38| 7 75 3 49 0 38| 20 lbs. -skim-milk 2 lbs. hay ^ lb. meal 11 G3f 6 271 August 1 to September 1 3,100 310 38f 4 Go 1 24 0 38| September 1 to October 1 iO lbs. skim-milk 2 lbs. hay J lb. meal 1,500 300 75 1,550 310 77i 2 25 1 20 0 75 4 20 3 501 October 1 to November 1 .... 10 lbs. roots 2 lbs. hay ^ lb. meal . 20 lbs. roots 2 lbs. hay ^ lb. meal 1 55 1 24 0 774 3,000 300 75 3 00 1 20 0 75 4 95 1 48 24 Lbs. Weight of 5 calves, June 1, 1904 650 Weight of 5 calves, Dec. 1, 1904 2,015 Gain for period 1,365 .lbs. 1*51 Daily rate of gain per calf Cost of 1 lb. gain cts. 3'53 Cost of feed per day per calf " 5*27 Cost of feed for period, 5 calves. $48 24 PIGS. The herd of pigs on the farm consists of Yorkshires, Berkshires and their grades and crosses, in all TO head, as follows : — 1 Yorkshire boar. 3 Yorkshire sows. 2 Berkshire sows. 4 Grade- York sows. 20 Grade pigs, 6 months old. 40 Grade pigs, 1 to 2 months old. REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 349 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH SWIXE. Feeding in pasture as <;ompared witli feeding in pens. This experiment, carried on in the summers of 1902-03, was repeated this year with 20 pigs of one month old, in two lots of 10 each, of various breeds and crosses, each lot consisting of an equal number from each litter and termed lot I. and lot 11. — lot I. in pasture and lot II. in pens. Lot I. were fed an average daily ration of 2 lbs. meal, largely shorts, and 5 lbs. skim-milk, from July 1 to Xovember 1, and pasture, which consisted of clover, rape, hairy or sand vetch, and spring vetch and peas mixed sown on different parts of a field of one acre in extent. Lot II. were fed the same daily ration in pens. A portable house was used for shelter. On Xovember 1 the pigs were taken into pens, and fed a ration of 3 lbs. meal until December 1. The results are as follows : — Experiments with Swine — Experiment L LOT I. FED ox PASTURE, JULY 1 TO NOVEMBER 1; FED IN PENS, NOVEMBER 1 TO DECE:MBER 1. Period. Weight at Start. Weight at Finish. Gain. July 1 to November 1 Lbs. 170 1,129 Lbs. 1,129 1,609 Lbs. 959 November 1 to December 1 Total gain, 10 pigs, 153 days 480 1,439 Average daily gain on pasture, July 1 to Xovember 1. . Average daily gain in pens, Xov. 1 to Dec. 1 Cost per pound gain, entire period cts. Lbs. '78 1'60 3*55 LOT II. FED IN PENS, JULY 1 TO DECEMBER 1, 1904. Period. July 1 to March 1 November 1 to December 1 Total gain, 10 pigs, 153 days. Weight at Start. Lbs. 185 1,169 Weight at Finish. Lbs. 1,1C9 1,472 Gain. Lbs. 984 303 1.287 Average daily gain in pens, July 1 to Xovember 1 . . . . Average daily gain in pens, Xov. 1 to Dec. 1 Cost per pound gain, entire period cts. Lbs. '80 I'Ol 3"94 350 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 SHEEP. The flock of sheep at present consists of: — 1 pure bred Leicester ram. 3 '■ " ewes. 5 " Shropshire ewes. 4 grade ewes. 2 Shropshire ewe lambs. 3 Leicester ewe lambs. 1 Leicester ram lamb. 1 grade wether lamb. POULTKY. During the year, six breeds of poultry were kept: B. P. Eocks, W. Leghorns, Black Miaorcas, W. Wyandottes, Buff Wyandottes and Silver Grey Dorkings. The breeding pens were made up as follows: — Hens Cocks. B. Plymouth Books U 1 Black Minorcas '. . . 5 1 White Leghorns 4 1 White Wyandottes 5 1 Buff Wyandottes 3 1 Silver Grey Dorkings , 2 1 The season's chicks were all hatched by incubators, the incubatoi-s being filled fiv^.' times, with very unsatisfactory results. Partly owing to infertile eggs and weak germs, numerous fully developed chicks died in the shell at pipping stage, and those hatched were not as strong and vigorous as in former years. The hens were apparently in good condition. So far, we have been unable to locate the trouble satisfactorily. The eggs laid by the different breeds were as follows. Eggs laid Av. per hen 14 B. P. Rocks 686 49 5 Black Minorcas 200 40 4 White Leghorns 200 50 5 White Wyandottes 24.5 49 3 Buff Wyandottes 141 47 2 Silver Grey Dorkings 90 45 CORRESPONDENCE. During the year, 2,030 letters were received, and 1,790 sent out, exclusive of cir- culars sent out with grain distribution, reports, &c. EXHIBITIONS, AGRICULTURAL MEETINGS AND EXCURSIONS TO THE FARM. An exhibit was made of farm produce at the Nova Scotia provincial exhibition, Halifax, N.S.. September 7 to 14; the New Brunswick provincial exhibition, St. John, N.B., September 16 to 24, and at th? Prince Edward Island provincial exhibition, Chariottetowu, P.E.T., September 27 to 30. REPORT OF ilR. R. ROBERTSON 351 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 I addretised agricultural meetings during the year at West River, Pictou County, N.S.; Truro, K.S.: Fredericton, N.B.; Wooflstock, KB.; Chatham, N.B.; Pugwasli, KS.; Windsor, N.S. ; Barronsfield, N.S.; Eiver Hebert, N.S.; Greenville, N.S.; Wallace Bridge, ISI.S. ; Upper Stewiacke, N.S.; Middle Stewiacke, N.S. ; Brookfield, N.S., and Antigonisli, JST.S. I also delivered a series of lectures to the students of the Sussex, X.B. Dairy School in March. I also attended the Dominion Live Stock Convention at Ottawa, and the Maritime provincial exhibitions. As usual many visitors have been on the farm this year and there have been .'^^ve^al farmers' excursions, the largest of which was that of the Pictou County Farmers' Association on July 13, when over 1,000 were present. Small excursionr, from surrounding districts were frequently made to the farm. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. R. ROBERTSON, Swperinlendeni. 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1905 REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST. (W. S. Blair.) To Dr. Wii. Sauxders, Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. IS'^APPAN, N.S., December 1, 190i. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith a report of some of the work done in the horticuhural department of the Experimental Farm for the maritime provinces during- the year 1904. The winter of 1903-4 was a severe one, and the temperature was not so variable as usual. The fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs, however, came through the winter in excellent condition and did not suffer more from winter injury than usual. The spring was later at the start than usual, but toward the last of May favourable warm weather forced along vegetation, and by the middle of June the season was as far advanced as it generally is at that date. The mean average temperature for May was 4° warmer than the average for the past four years. June was warmer than the same month in 1903 by over 2°. July was also much warmer than usual, being about 5° in the mean average above the same month in 1903. The balance of the season averaged about the same as usual. The following table gives the mean average temperature for the months of May, June, July, August and September, as compared with the same months during the past four years : — Month. May June July August. . . . September, 1904. 51-7 55-9 670 61-5 53 6 Mean Temperature at Xappan. 1903. 47-7 53-6 02-7 59 3 57 5 1902. 47 6 54 '5 61 7 63 4 57 5 1901. 481 59-3 65-2 03 3 58-4 1900. Rainfall. 1904. In. 1-70 1-74 215 3 51 4-52 1903. In. 0-08 2-29 2 07 2-40 3 63 The season was exceptionally favourable for plants that require a fair amount of heat, such as tomatoes, squash and beans, all of which ripened up better than usual. This summer again was too dry for most farm crops, and many of the garden crops suffered greatly; especially was this the case with annual flowering plants. Never be- fore has the lawn appeared so burnt and dried up as it was this summer. Where fruit trees were kept in a good state of cultivation they suffered little for want of moisture ; but, generally speaking, the fruit was smaller than it would probably have been had the moisture conditions been more favourable. This was especially apparent in uncultivated orchards. 16—23 353 354 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 There wore two frosts in June; one on the 9tli of 1°, and one on the lOtli of 2°, which did considerable damage to tomatoes, squash and tender annuals that were not covered. Fortunately the most of these were covered, as indications favoured a frost at this time. The only frosts recorded in May were on the 1st, 2nd, 6th and 7th of 1°, 5°, 6° and 5°, respectively. The first fall frost, September 1, of 1°, was earlier this season than usual, but light, doing slight damage. One on the 23rd of 9°, and one on the 28th of 2°, killed all tender plants. The apple crop here this year was larger than usual. The capacity of the trees for producing- is gradually iiicreasing. Some of the varieties produce small imsaleabLj apples, and some are varieties of inferior quality which are hard to dispose of when such sorts as Gravenstein and Bishop Pippin are on the market in quantity at low prices, as was the case this season. Consequently the revenue from this source is not as high as anticipated. Heavy winds during the latter part of August and early Septem- ber shook off a considerable quantity of fruit. Two trees of CJravenstein were lost from the disease known as collar rot. This h a retting of the bark at the surface of the ground. These trees were in a vigorovis state until last season, when they appeared to lack vigour, and although the affected portions Avcre removed, and the wounds well washed with a copper sulphate solution, they died during the winter, which was no doubt partly due to the severe season. One Banks or Red Gravenstein also winter root-killed. This tree had not previously been in a very vigorous state, although the bark appeared healthy. This tree was planted where there was heavy clay near the surface, which was probably the cause of its unthrifty con- dition. Four trees were injured by sunscalding above the veneering used for protec- tion in the orchard, and had to be removed. In the orchard, protected by a shelter belt of natural spruce, two trees were injured by mice girdling below the veneering, which was not set down close enough to the ground. Mice were very numerous in the pro- tected orchard, which was no doubt largely due to strips of land between the trees be- ing previously in clover. No mice were noticed in the other orchard, where the whole ground was more or less in cultivated crops. Numerous complaints wei-e i^ceived from different parts of the provinces of the damage done by mice. A good protection for trees against their attack is strips of veneering (thin hardwood) about 2 feet long wrapped around the trunk of the tree and tied with binder twine or some such strong twine. This veneering can be kept from year to year and made to serve for a number of years. This is also valuable for protecting trees from sunscald. There was very little apple spot on the fruit this year, and very few apple worms. The apple and plum aphis were more numerous than usual, and were controlled by a spray of whale oil soap and water f 1 lb. soap to 6 gallons of water. The plum crop was small, which was dovibitless largely due to the severe winter. The pear crop was a failure, only the Flemish Beauty producing fruit. The crop of cherries was also small, and, as usual, the birds took the most of the fruit. From our experience it would appear that we cannot grow the sweet cherries here successfully. The common cherry of the country, of Richmond type, found growing in every sec- tion of the country, seem.s adapted to a larger range of conditions than any others. Seedlings of these start up under old trees and if set out and cultivated have given better satisfaction than any of the nevrer varieties. In some more suitable locations this may not hold good; but, generally speaking from a maritime standpoint, this is the case. The strawberry plantation was on a piece of heavy soil on which ice formed dur- ing the winter, and the crowns of the plants were injured. When the mulch was re- moved it was found that the majority of the plots were killed out completely. Of tao remaining planits the crop was light owing to the dry weather. The crop of goose- berries was fair. The English varieties were badly covered with mildew, rendering them largely unmarketable. They were sprayed several tim.es with potassium sul- phide, 1 07.. to 2 galls, water, which only partially controlled this fungus. The currant^! were a fair crop. Raspberries a light crop. REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 3E5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs have made a fair growth of wood during tlie season which seems to have ripened up welh The perennial flowering plants did well, and some additional Japanese Irises were planted. In this report a list of some of the best perennials tested during the past four years, is given. There is also given in this report the results of some experiments conducted to find out the mQisture contents of soil treated in different ways. Tests, as usual, have been carried on with different varieties of vegetables, some of which are given herewith. Some experiments were also tried, conducted with materials recommended for the destruction of root maggots and cutworms. The results also of some er,periments witii cover crops grown in the orchard here are included. I beg to acknowledge the following donations: — From Prof. Sears, Director School of Horticulture, Wolf ville, N.S., scions of ' Red Russet ' apple. From Mr. Whitman Ruggles, Nictaux, N.S., scions of ' Red Russet ' apple. From Mr. A. C. Starr, Starr's Point, N.S., scions of ' Bosc ' pear and ' Winterstein ' apple. From Mr. Wm. Bus- tin, Belleisle, Granville, Annapolis Co., KS., scions of ' Ribston Pippin' apple. From Mr. Jamos Bonneyman, New Annan, N.S., scions of 'Rhymer I^ippin apple. From Mr. John Robertson, * Inkerman Farm,' ISTew Perth, P.E.I., scedlin^j;- apple stocks for root grafting. From Mr. Henry Piers, North-west Arm, IST.S., seeds of ' Asparagus ' pole beans. From D. J. Stewart, Lower Montague. P.E.I., plants of ' Cyclone,' ' Hunn ' and ' Excelsior ' strawberries. I also addressed several agricultural meetings in each of the three maritime pro- vinces during the year. PERENNIALS. Many different kinds of herbaceous perennials have been tested in the perennial border during the past four years. The following is a list of some of those which have done the best : — Anemone narcissiflora. — Wind flower. Height 8 to 10 inches. Pretty white flowers. 1 to 1^ inches across. In bloom from the last of May to the last of July. Arabis alpina. — ^White Alysssum. Height 6 inches. An abundance of small white flowers borne profusely over the whole plant. In bloom the 10th of May. Aster Navce Anglice roseus. — Pink-flowered New England aster. Height 3 feet. In bloom the last of August. A showy perennial flowering profusely in clusters of bright pink. Aconitum napeUus. — Common monk's hood or helmet flower. Height 4^ feet. Comes into bloom soon after the middle of July. The flowers are blue, borne on large terminal spikes. Aconitum napcUus album. — Similar to the above, except that the flowers are near- ly white. Thes3 two plants are very desirable for rear border planting. Achillea ptarmica flore pleno. — Double sneezewort. Height 2 feet. Flowers small, white, rovmd, compact, borne in loose clusters. In bloom from the middle of June to the last of August. One of the finest white flowering perennials for cutting. Aqvilegia clirysantha. — Golden spurred columbine. Height 2-J feet. Large, bright yellow flowers. In bloom the first of July. Aqnilegia oxijS(pnhi.--llussizu colombine. Height 1 foot. In bloom the last of May. Flowers large purplish-blue. A very desirable early flowering perennial. BoUonia latisqnama.—lMshi 5 feet. White flowers, somewhat resembling the wild aster, borne profusely in large panicles. In bloom the middle of August. One of the best tall late flowering perennials. 16— 23i 356 EXPERl.yEM'AL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1 G05 BMonia asieroides. — False cliamomile. Height 4^ feet. Small pale pink flowers similar to the above. A profuse bloomer after the last of August. A showy late per- ennial that will stand wind without staking. Campanula perslctfoUa. — Peach-leaved bellflower. Heigh't 2 feet. Large blue flowers borne in a raceme with long flower stems. . In bloom during the month of July. Campanula perslcifoUa grandiflora alba. — Double white bellflower. This is one of the best campanulas grown here. Large white double flowers. Height 2 feet. In bloom during July. Clematis recta. — Erect Virgins Bower. Height 4 feet. In bloom during July. The flowers are white, small, borne profusely in dense clusters. Valuable for back of perennial border. Much admired. Convallaria majalU. — Lily of the Valley. In bloom the first week in June. The plants do best in a shaded place. The bloom of this well known flower has in the past been injured greatly by our early June frosts. Coreopsis delphinifolia. — Lark.^pur-leaved tick-seed. Height 2h feet. Showy yellow flower with dark centre. In bloom July 20 to the last of August. One of the best perennials. Delphinium, cashmerianum. — Cashmerian larkspur. Height IS inches. Flowers in different shades of blvie; borne in large open heads. In bloom from the middle of July to the last of August. Dicentra spectahilis. — Bleeding heart. Height 2J feet. Eed and white heart- shaped flowers, borne in pendulous racemes. Doronicum plantagineuni excelsum. — Tall plantain-like leopard's bane. Height 18 inches. In bloom the first of June. Large yellow flowers on long stems. Liked for cutting. One of the best. Doronicum caucasicum. — Caucasian leopard's bane. Height 12 inches. Yellow flower similar to the above, but smaller. In bloom May 25 to June 18. These are two of the most desirable and showy spring flowering perennials. Erigeron macranthus. — Fleabane. Height 18 inches. Flowers heliotrope, rays with yellow centres. In bloom during July. A much admired perennial. Funkia sieholdiana. — Large-flowered plantain lily. Height 15 inches. Flowers pale blue, borne in racemes. In bloom July 18. This with its regular plantain-like leaves overlapping each other makes an interesting plant. Gypsophila paniculata. — Infant's breath. Height 2.^ feet. Small white flowers, borne profusely in large open panicles. In bloom from the last of July to September. Much liked for cutting. Gaillardia aristata grandiflora. — Large flowered blanket flower. Height 18 inches. Flowers borne singly on long stems, yellow, with deep orange centres. In bloom dur- ing July and August. Very useful for cutting. Helenium grandicephaluni striatum. — Large striped Sneezewort. Height 3i feet. Flowers yellow, with brown markings. A striking perennial in bloom from early August to October. Helenium autumnale. — Autumn flowering Sneezewort. Height 4 feet. Large yellow flowers. Very showy. In bloom the last of July to the last of September. Helianthus maximiliana. — ^Perennial sunflower. Height 4 feet. Flowers large yellow. Very showy. In bloom early in August. Hemerocallis flaim. — Yellow day lily. Height 2 feet. Flowers fragrant, orange yellow. In bloom after July 1. This is one of the best day lilies. 7m pumila. — Dwarf Iris. Height 5 inches. In bloom the last of May. Flowers purple. i;i:i'ORT OF .Uli. IF. S. BLAlft 357 SESSIONAL PAPER N'o 1G Iris Slhirica. — Siberian Iris. Ileigbt 3 feet. Flowers white and blue. Small, on long stems. In bloom the middle of June. Xot so attractive as some other forms of Iris. Iris Germanica. — German Iris. Height 2 feet. In bloom from the middle to the last of June. Flowers large, ranging in colours of lilac, blue and purple. Slightly fragrant. One of the most desirable groups of irises of which there are many good varieties. Purple King is an especially striking one. 7m floreniina. — Orris root. Height 2 feet. Flowers pale lilac blue, shading to white. Large flowers, sweet scented, on long stallis. A good one. In bloom from the middle to last of June. Iris flavescens. — Height 2 feet. , Flowers lemon yellow, with purplish brown mark- ings. In bloom at the same time as the above. Iris variegafa. — Height li to 2 feet. Flowers large, much veined with brown on a yellow ground. The variety Honorabile is a good one of this group. Iris Amceria. — Height 18 inches. In bloom second and third week in June. Flow- ers almost white or lilac-tinted outer segments and purple or purple-tinted centre. This has a variety of markings. Mrs. H. Darwin, an almost pure white variety of this group, is also very fine. Iris plicata. — Fringed Iris. Height 18 inches. Flowers sviiite in centre of outer segments; veined with lilac toward the margin; inner segmenis white tinted with lilac or blue. Madame Chereau is a fine variety of this group. Iris haempferi. — Japanese Iris. Height 18 inches. In bloom soon after the middle of July. The flowers are very large, with various combinations of colours. A very desirable late flowering plant of which there are a great number of varieties. Lilium auratum. — Golden-rayed lily of Japan. Height 3 feet. In bloom the second week in June. Flowers large, white petals, spotted with red and purple, and golden centre. Very desirable. Lilium teniiifolium. — Xarrow-leavcd Siberian lily. In bloom the first of July. Height 2 feet. Flowers bright scarlet drooping. A very attractive little lily. Lilium tigrinum. — Common tiger lily. Height 2i feet. Flow^ers deep orange, large petals, spotted with many purplish black dots. In bloom the first of July. Lilium superhum. — Superb lily. Height 4^ feet. Flowers orange red spotted with dark brown. Very showy. Lilium candidum. — Madonna lily. Flowers large, pure white, fragrnt; one of the best for general cultivation. Height, 2 feet. In bloom early in July. Lilium speciosum. — Showy Japanese lily. Height, 2J feet. In bloom the middle of July. Flowers white, more or less tinged with pink and doted with red; a very fine lily, of which there are several varieties. Paeon ia officinalis^ and Paeonia sinensis. — The eommon and Chinese pjeonys are in bloom during the greater part of July. There are a great number of varieties, some of which should be included in every garden. Papaver orienlale. — Oriental poppy. Height 2 feet. In bloom the last of June. Flowers very large; a blaze of scarlet. Papaver nudicaule. — Iceland po]>py. Height 1 foot. In bloom the middle of May and continues through the summer. Flowers orange, white or yellow. Very desirable. Phlox suhulata lilacina. — Moss pink. A profuse bloomer from about May 24 to the middle of June. Low matted growth. Flowers light blue. Very desirable. Phlox amoena. — Lovely Phlox. In bloom about the same time as the above. Flowers bright pink. Low matted growth of 4 to 6 inches. Very desirable. 358 EXPERIilEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Phlox decussata. — Hybrid perennial phlox. Height 1^ to 3 feet. In bloom dur- ing August and September. The many varieties of this beautiful plant show some superb markings in many shades and colours. RudhecTcia laciniata. — Golden Glow. Height, 5 to G feet. Flowers large; bright yellow, double. This is a profuse bloomer during August, and is one of the most desirable tall-growing perennials. Rudheckia maxima. — Great cone flower. Height 5 to 6 feet. In bloom during At!%ust. Flowers yellow, with a long cone-shaped centre. Pyrethrum uliginosium. — Great Ox-eye. Height 3^ feet. Flowers white with yellow centre. In bloom after the last of August. Spiraea fiUpendula. — Dropwort. Height 2 feet. In bloom from the first to after the middle of July. A profuse bloomer; flowers white, borne in loose panicles. Spiraea ulmaria. — Meadow sweet. Height 3^ feet. In bloom after the middle of July. Flower heads present a feathery appearance, having numerous cream-eol- oured flowers borne in large compound heads. Spircea fiUpendula, flore pleno. — Double-flowered Dropwort. Similar to the first- named spiraea, with double pure white flowers. Much admired. Spircea palmata elegans. — Japanese spiraea. Height 2 feet. In bloom during July. Flowers white, with crimson anthers, borne In panicles. A very desirable per- ennial. Spiraea venusta. — Queen of the Prairie. Height 2i feet. In bloom during the last of July and early August. Flowers pink, small, profusely borne in large panicles. A much desired pink spiraea. Thalictrum aquilegifolium. — Columbine rue. Height 3^ to 4 feet. In bloom the middle of July. Flowers small, white, numerous, borne in loose panicles. A desir- able sort. COVER CEOPS. Cover crops of different kinds have been grown in the orchard here for a num- ber of years. The primary object in growing sueh a crop in the orchard is to form a cover of vegetation that will serve as a protection to the roots of the trees during winter. Such a crop, however, is also of value from the fact that plant food not re- quired by the fruit tree during the fall, and which is liable to be leached away by late fall or early spring rains, is taken up and held in a convenient form to turn under the following spring; adding, also, humu.s to the soil by which it Is so greatly im- proved. In growing cover crops, the aim is to get a fairly thick mat of vegetation, and also a mat that can conveniently be turned under the following spring. It is also advisable to grow one of those crops known as legumes, which enrich the soil by the addition of nitrogen assimilated from the air by means of bacteria on their roots. Common and generally available among these for cover crop purposes are the pea, vetch and clover. It is very important that an orchard should be worked as soon in the spring as the ground is fit and kept in a good loose condition by frequent cultivation until the middle of July. This practice not only stimulates early active vegetation, but also conserves moisture. Moisture is generally abundantly supplied by frequent rains after this date and the ground can safely be put into a cover crop any time between the middle of July and August. Cover crops should not be sown later than the first of August to get a good mat of growth for winter protection. In 1903 the cover crops were sown July 29, and this season they were sown July 26. The following table gives notes taken upon their growth in 1903, and concerning the ease with which they were turned under in the spring : — UFA'Oin OF Mil. W. i<. liLAIIi 359 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Cover Crop Sown. Peas Oats Winter Eye. Buckwheat. Sand Vetch Mammoth Red Clover. Crimson Clover o tH 2 o Height of Growth, Oct. 31, 1903. Character of Cover, Nov. 30, 1903. Bush. 3 4 ^ Lbs. 40 14 20 Growth of vine, 40 in. . Thick mat 3 to 5 in. deep, ! good cover. II straw, 30 in. Thick mat 4 to 6 in. deep, j good cover. 5 inches Fairly thick mat 5 to 6 inches, ground almost covered. 30 II Thin covering 3 to 4 in. I deep ; leaves all gone, stalks only remaining. 6 to 8 inches Thick covering 2 to 3 in. deep. 2 to 3 II Thin mat, scarcely cover- ed ground, 1 in. deep. 5 to 8 II Thick mat 4 to 6 in. deep, covers ground well. Ease with which they were ploughed under, May 10, 1904. Very difficult to get well turned inider. Very difficult to get well turned under. Easily ploughed unditr and worked. Difficult to plough under ; stalks gather ahead of the plough. Quite easily turned under. Easily ploughed under. Easily turned under. The experience gained here seems to indicate that Crimson clover is one of the best cover crops for use in orchards. It produces a good thick mat of nitrogenous material easily turned under and out of the way for future cultivation. Crimson clover is an annual, and only odd plants will stand the winter. The killing of the clover in the winter, however, is not considered a disadvantage because the ground is worked on soon as it is fit. The cost of these different seeds per acre for sowing to cover crop, is as follows: — « 3 bush, pease at SO cents per bushel $2 40 4 '" oats at 40 cents per bushel 1 60 3i " winter rye at 60 cents per bushel ■ 2 10 3 " buckwheat at 50 cents per bushel 1 50 40 pounds sand vetch at 9 cents per pound 3 60 14 " mam. red clover at 14 cents per pound 1 96 20 " crimson clover at 8 cents per pound 1 60 SOIL MOISTUEE EXPERIMENTS. The object of these experiments was to obtain information relative to the moisturo contents of soil when growing grain or grass crops as compared with that given clean cultivation from early spring until time for sowing a cover crop. The reason for obtaining this information was to see whether frTiit trees growing in soil cropped with grain or grasses had sufficient moisture to make proper growth of wood and fruit during this part of the season. Fruit trees make their wood growth during the first half of the season ; con- sequently any check to this growth during June and July, should, if at all possible, bo prevented, especially for young trees. Gra.?ses and grain crops make their growth principally during the first part of the summer and require large quantities of water for their full development. After this water has been taken up by the roots and per- formed its function in plant growth it is transpired from the leaves in the form of vapour. This taking up of the soil moisture would probably, if the rainfall during the season were light, provided these crops are grown within the root area of the tree, deprive the tree of the necessary moisture for proper growth. 360 EXl'EUl M EX TAE EARAI S 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The soil of these plots was of as uniform a character as could be had, a clay loam with a heavy clay subsoil, and underdrained. plots were 36 feet wide and 250 feet long. The samples, however, were taken froni plots each 30* x 36 feet ; the plots adjoining each other. The soil was taken up by means of galvanized iron cylin- ders, which were 14 inches long. These were driven into the ground and the column of soil to that depth obtained for each set of samples. Two canisters of soil were taken from a plot af each date, and each canister was taken at a different place in the plot. The places where samples were taken from were marked, and future samples, in case the moisture contents would be affected thereby, were taken sufficiently far from these to represent fairly accurately the percentage of moisture in each plot. The soil samples were sent to Ottawa in air-tight cans to prevent any loss of moisture. T am indebted to the Chemist of the Experimental Farms, Mr. F. T. Shutt, for the data in the following table, giving the percentage of moisture in the samples of soil from these plots which were sent to him every two weeks during the season. Percentaoe of Moisture in soil of plots sent from the Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S. Date wlien Samples Plot No. 1. Plot N9. 2. Plot Xo. 3. Plot No. 4. Plot No. 4 a. Plot No. 5. were taken. per cent. per cent. per cent. per cent. per cent. per cent. May 12 „ 26 18 41 20 00 IS 02 17-84 18 09 18-43 19-24 20-88 21-21 20-31 18 9.S 17 12 21 52 22-42 17-50 18 14 97 June 9 04 „ 23 10 46 1740 17-71 20-46 19-78 11 65 July 7 9 06 16-70 17-46 19-14 19-13 11 22 „ 21 7 46 13 43 16 -.35 20 54 17-50 12 06 Aug. 4 8 23 9-49 15 10 18 11 17-74 10 36 M 18 9 80 10-30 15-71 20-26 21-04 13 66 Sept. 6 17 79 16-99 20 13 24 -04 24-02 20-22 -, 20 14 91 16-31 17-99 18-09 18-57 1*^87 Oct. 31 21 33 19 77 21-42 26-02 26-53 19-71 HOW PLOTS WERE TRE.^TED. Plot No. 1. — Plot No. 1 was in potatoes in 1903, and was seeded to winter rye September 21, 1903. The rye was sown at the rate of two bushels per cere, together with Red clover at the rate of 10 pounds per acre. The rye made s'trong growth of about 50 inches and was harvested August 3. The clover sown with it made very poor growth. Plot No. 2. — This ground was given clean cultivation during the spring and early summer of 1903, and was seeded to Crimson clover at the rate of 20 pounds per acre July 27, 1903. The clover made a strong growth of from five to seven inches, which in the following spring was practically all dead. The ground was ploughed May 26 to a depth of five inches, and on the 29th was worked up witii the disc and springtooth harrows. It was again worked June 13 and 20, once each with the springtooth and smoothing harrows. On June 20 it was seeded to oats at the rate of three bushels of seed per acre. Plot No. 3. — This plot was in Crimson clover the previous season and had been treated in a similar manner to plot 2. The ground was ploughed this spring as soon as fit. May 13, and harrowed once each with the disc and springtooth harrows on May 29. It was again worked in the same manner on June 20 and 29 and July 7. On July 7 this ground was worked up also with the spade harrow. Alfalfa clover was then sown at the rate of 25 lbs. per acre, drilled in with the grain seed drill. The Alfalfa started quickly and made strong growth, attaining an average height of 12 inches. REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 361 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Plot No. 4. — This ground was treated similar to plots Xos. 2 and 3 during tlie season of 1903. The ground was ploughed as soon as fit on May 13 and worked up witli dLsc and springtooth harrows. The land was again worked once each with the disc and springtooth harrows on May 29, June 20 and 29, and on July 7, 13 and 25. On July 25 Crimson clover at" the rate of 20 lbs. per acre was sown broadcast and harrow- ed in lightly with the smoothing harrow. This clover started w'ell and made strong growth, giving a thick mat from 5 to 7 inches deep.. Plot No. 5. — This plot was worked up in the spring of 1903 and seeded to oats June 24 at the rate of three bushels per acre, with 5 lbs. Mammoth Eed clover, 3 lbs. Alsike and 12 lbs. Timothy per acre. The growth of grain was good and was used for green feed early in September. The catch of clover was good. The growth of clover this season was strong and was cut for green feed June 23, when abovxt two feet high. A second growth of clover s'tarted up and quite a growth of Timothy also appeared. The second growth made quite a mat of from 4 to 7 inches, which still re- mains. WINTER RYE. Plot Xo. 1. — ^Vinter rye is not generally gTown here, but was selected for one plot principally to show the drying effect of grain crops on soil. This plot, as compared with the clean cultivated plo't, shows a marked difference in percentage of moisture, especially during June, July and August. The rye crop had ceased to grow by August 1, but not until the heavy rain on August 21 did this ground wiiich had been so thoroughly dried out by the rye become sufficiently moist to admit of growth of the clover sown with the rye. It will be seen by referring to the following table that from July 23 to August 21, 2*28 inches of rain fell, yet the ground remained practically the same in moisture coiitent. A thoroughly dried soil does not absorb water quickly, and drying weather generally prevailing at this time of the year quickly evaporates the water from the top soil before it penetrates to much depth. This shows that ground that has been dried ou't by such crops require very heavy rains to wet it to a sufficient depth for the moisture to be available for the fruit tree. One inch of rain will make the surface of such a piece of land quite wet, but, still not supply the tree with required moisture. When the soil samples were taken August 4, the^ surface of the plot was quite damp but the soil below was still thoroughly dried out and did not become moist until after the rainfall on September 3 and 4. Plot No. 2 was ploughed two weeks later than plot No. 3,, to determine the effect if any of inverting the top soil by ploughing to check the capillary flow of soil water. A reference to the results obtained will show that there Avas little difference in the per- centage of moisture in these two plots up to July 9. It will also be seen that these plots both had a Crimson clover cover crop in 1903 which died during the winter and left a dead mat, which acted as a mulch preventing'No. 2 plot from drying out as much as it actually would have done had this decaying mass not been there. The intention was to sow Xo. 2 and No. 3 plots to oats after working the land on the last of May, and by taking samples from each throughout the season determine what effect early work- ing of the land had in checking the escape of moisture from the land and holding it for the use of the crop later on; but, owing to circumstances unavoidable grain was not so-^ni until June 20. Plot No. 2 was seeded to oats June 20, and plot No. 3 was seeded to Alfalfa on July 7. Plot No. Jj. was given clean cultivation to July 25. The data in the column marked 4a represent the moisture in the soil to a depth of only 5 inches. The object was to see how the top 5 inches of soil compared in moisture content with that to a depth of 14 inches. Plot No. 5, it will be seen, was next to plot 4. Quite a striking difference in i>er- centage of moisture between these two plots is shown. 362 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The following table gives the rainfall and the date on which the rains occurred from March 31 to December 1, IfOl:— EAINFALL, 1904. April. May. ■June. July. August. September. October. November. Date. Ins. 1 1 a 1— ( .1 1 M M -2 ^ a J 9 -28 10 17 3 •07 1 -24 1 •13 1 08 G •23 4 -77 10 -39 17 -29 5 •74 3 40 11 •G3 3&4 1 24 10 •OG G 07 12 -20 19 -93 7 •07 5 ^07 15 •23 6 G6 11 •23 14 123 IG 11 21 05 12 •10 8 03 17 •29 8 04 13 •97 18 ^47 19 -94 24 10 18 •04 13 -40 18 •08 12 2G 15 •08 24 08 21 -20 25 13 22 •4G 20 03 21 1 70 15 30 22 2-98 29 ^17 29 IG 27 03 25 12 23 69 23 ■43 21 23 2G •18 30 -52 30 06 30 ■14 2f) -23 25 •02 25&2G 1 29 30 20 15 3G 3 •27 i .. 215 Total. 2 -92 .. 1-76 1 74 3 51 .. 4-52 50C .. 3 39 The total Rainfall for the same period in 1903 was : — . 3^57 I .. 068 I .. 2-29 ( .. 207 I .. 2^40 3 G.J 5-78 f 7.98 CABBAGE ROOT MAGGOT. The Cabbage Eoot Maggot has given, considerable trouble during the past few years, but this season they were much more numerous than usual, and proved very- destructive to all the plots of cabbage and cauliflowers, except two plots where hellebore was used. An examination of the cabbage plots early in June showed that many eggs were being deposited near the surface of the ground at the base of the plant. Experi- ments were tried with various mixtures to determine their effect in controlling this pest. Accordingly nine plots were staked off containing 100 plants each. These plants were in a fairly vigorous state, having been set early in May. The plots were treated with the following mixtures : — No. 1. — Hellebore 2 oz. to 1 gallon of water. ISTo. 2. — Hellebore 4 oz. to 1 gallon of water. No. 3. — Kerosene emulsion, 1 part kerosene oil to 4 parts water. No. 4. — Kerosene emulsion, 1 part kerosene oil to 6 parts water. No. 5. — Kerosene emulsion, 1 part kerosene oil to 9 parts water. No. 6. — Kerosene emulsion, 1 part kerosene oil to 12 parts water. No. 7. — Paris green 2 oz. to 10 gallons water. No. 8. — Tar paper disks. No. 9. — No treatment. These plots were treated June 18. An examination of a number of the cabbages at this date was made and no maggots could be seen. Some young maggots were found and eggs were being hatched around some of the cauliflowers at this date. The cauli- flowers, however, were not included in this test. Notes were taken July 7, 14 and August 16. A summary of the data collected is given in the following table: — REPORT OF MR. W. 8. BLAIR 363 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 How Treated. Hellebore — 2 oz. to 1 gall, water .... Hellebore — 4 oz. to 1 gall, water Kerosene emulsion — 1 part oil to 4 parts water Kerosene emulsion — 1 part oil to G parts water Kerosene emulsion — 1 part oil to 9 parts water Kerosene emulsion — 1 part oil to 12 parts water Paris green — 2 oz. to 10 gall, water. Tar paper disks put on J une 1 . No treatment S c W Plants. 36 30 11 Plants. 17 IG 27 3G 29 27 G2 Plants. 23 IG 41 41 39 36 20 s; o § ■a 3 S c Plants. 14 17 Plants. 9 17 11 14 27 22 12 Plants. G 7 1 4 6 3 11 6 Plants. 94 93 It will be seen that kerosene emulsion in this test has given unsatisfactory results. Tc appears that an emulsion stronger than one part of oil to nine of water will do serious injury, and that a weaker strength does not appear to have much effect on tho eggs or niiiggot. The kerosene emulsion was applied with a force pump using a single jet of liquid, forcing about a cup full of the mixture into the soil around the base of each plant. The tar paper disks put around the plants on June 1, did not give as good results a, 3 expected. This may possibly have been due to the disks not having been put around the plants early enough. The object of these disks is to prevent the insects from depositing their eggs, which it is claimed they will not do, if these disks are fitted closely around the plant at the surface of the ground. The hellebore and water recommended by Dr. James Fletcher, Entomologist and Botanist of the Experimental Farms, exceeded expectation, and no root maggots could be found arownd any of the plants examined in these two plots. The cabbage in these two plots were the only good ones out of some 1,500 plants set. There was no noticeable difference between plot No. 1 and 2, and t]\e heads averaged practically the same. The hellebore was mixed with water and applied with a force pump in the same manner as the emulsion. An equally good way, we should fancy, would be to move some of the earth back from the base of the plant and pour about a cup full of hellebore water into this hollow around the plant. About one cupful of liquid was used to a plant in these plots. Further experiments will be carried on with this material. As far as one can judge from a single season's experience, we are inclined to think that this will prove an excellent remedy for the root maggot. The cabbages were equally infested at the base of the root with egss when the mixture was u.sed. CUTWORM— POISONED BRAN REMEDY. The Red-backed Cutworm Paragrotis ochrogosfcr was extremely troublesome around the flower beds and in the vegetable plots this season. It was found, however, that this pest could he easily controlled by using the poisoned bran bait recommended by Dr. James Fletcher. The poisoned bran is scattered on the ground around the plants, and if fowl are allowed to run where it has been used there is considerable danger. We found that chickens were killed by picking up pieces of the bran six weeks after it had been applied. 364 EXrERIMEX TAL FA RMli 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Dr. Fletcher advises one pound of Paris green to 80 pounds of bran, which is equal to 1 oz. of Paris green to 5 pounds of bran. The quantity used here was 3 ounces to 10 pounds of bran. The method adopted was to mix 3 ounces of Paris green in a quart bottle nearly full of water by shaking violently. This was added to a little over one-half gallon of water and poured slowly into the bran while it was being stirred with a stick. It is very important to mix the Paris green water thoroughly with the bran in order to get each flake of bran coated with some of the Paris green particles. 1'he bran should be dampened just sufficiently to scatter nicely for if it is too wet this cannot be done to so good advantage. Ten pounds of bran mixed in this way was found to do 500 feet of a row thoroughly. i\ftor it was used in this quantity, on beans where the cutworm was doing the most damage, few plants could be found cut off after the first night, and after the second night no plants were found destroyed. For plants, a greater distance apart, less bran would be required, for it is necessarj' to only scatter a ring of bran around each one. The cutworm feeds during the night, cutting off the plant at the surface of the ground. They appear to have a fondness for bran and will feed upon it in preference to plants. A case particularly striking was noticed in the flower garden this year. Bran bags were used to protect some tender annuals from a June frost, and out of one of the bags a handful or two of bran happened to be deposited in one place. This ground was stirred in weeding about a week after and it was noticed that cutworms were collected in the soil under the bran while plants uninjured were close by. On a close examination, eight cutworms were found together, they evidently finding th-j bran a more suitable and convenient material to feed upon. Experience shows that this is a practical and efficient remedy for controlling this pest. GARDEN PEASE. Experiments were conducted with six of the leading early sorts of garden pease to find out the number of pounds of marketable green pease in pod from each. The plots were two rows, each 66 feet long, equal to 1-165 of an acre. These were all fertil- ized at the rate of 500 lbs. complete fertilizer per acre. The seed was sown May 12, in rows 2 feet apart, and the seed was dropped 2 inches apart in the rows. The soil was a poor sandy loam. The following yields were obtained per acre. Owing to the very dry season these peas did not grow well, and the yield per acre was small : — tc 'a iJ3 s o _-a u .— t'c II o £a^ < Name of Variety. 4^ c-0 -§ § (t.H G.t E-~ c 8 ^^ O^ UPh 5 a c -J} c Q P. a Ph >< Lbs. Stat ion July 12 33 July 18 10 7,095 Thoi?. Laxton 25 M 21 20i 7,507 28: 28; n 21 ., 21 12if 9^ 6,765 Prosperity 6,270 29 M 24... . .. 24 18i 42 7,790 8,001 HE PORT OF MR. IT. S. BLAIR 365 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FERTILIZEK EXPERIMENTS WITH GARDEN PEASE Experiments were conducted witli two kinds of early g-arden pease by dividing the land devoted to each into three plots. On one complete fertilizer, ' Imi)erial ' brand, at the rate of 500 lbs. per acre was used, on another 250 lbs. per acre, and on the other third, no fertilizer was used. The seed was sown May 12 in rows 2 feet apart, and the seed dropped 2 inches apart in the row. The soil was a light clay loam in a poor state of fertility. Each plot was 2 rows, each 66 feet long. The growth of vine was short and the yield not as large as usual. The yield obtained from these plots is given in the following table. If w-e consider the weight of green peas in pod at 40 lbs. to the bushel, we find that we have a gain in the first variety tested of 44 bushels per acre, where 500 lbs. of fertilizer was xised per acre, than where not fertilized. If we allow pease in the pod to be worth 30 cents per bushel, we have a gain of $13.20 per acre. The fertilizer cost $7.50 per acre — a net gain of $5.70 per acre in favour of the heavily fertilized plot. With the variety Thomas Laxton there is a still larger gain from the use of the fertilizer. GARDEN PEASE — FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS. Name of Variety and how treated. •^ til o.S No. of Pounds from First Picking. Date of Second Picking. No. of Pounds from Second Picking. Total Yield per Acre in Pounds. ' Station '—Complete fertilizer, 500 lbs. per acre. . Complete fertilizer, 250 lbs. per acre Julv 12... ..- 12... 1. 12... „ 14-... .. 14... .. 14... 33 314 27" 25 23 23i .July 18... „ 18... „ 18... 1- 21... „ 21... „ 21... 10 10 f>k 20J 13;: 8 7,005 6,847 No fertilizer 5,321 'Thomas Laxton '—Complete fertilizer, 500 lbs. 7,507 5,987 No fertilizer 5,156 SNAP BEANS. Experiments were conducted with fifty-four varieties of snap beans. The seed was planted May 30, being dropped 2 inches apart in the row and the rows 2 feet apart. The ground was previously in horse-beans and was manured in the fall of 1903 with 15 one-horse cart loads af stable manure per acre and ploughed. This spring the ground was worked up into good tilth with the spade, springtooth, and smoothing harrow's. The plots were one row, 33 feet long. A duplicate plot of one row 33 feet long was also planted which was allowed to ripen if the season permitted. These were cultivated frequently to keep the ground loose and friable. These beans made fair growth. The cutworm did some damage, but was quickly checked by using the poisoned bran mash, which was scattered along the row. The rust Anthracnose did not develop on the beans until after the middle of August, when some of the plots were attacked quite badly. Some of these varieties which have in the past appeared quite rust-proof, were this year the worst affected, and some sorts that were formerly badly attacked were this season quite free. From experience gathered from time to time, it would appear that the varieties Bountiful and Improved Goddard are two of the best green podded sorts for general market. Refugee or 1,000 to 1 is an excellent late green podded sort, and Market Wax, Keeney's Rustless Wax and Valentine Wax, are three excellent golden-podded kinds. The following notes were taken from the plots tested : — 366 EXPERIMENTAL FARMiS SNAP BEANS — TEST OF VARIETIES. 4-5 EDWARD VI 1^. A. 1905 Name of Variety. Extra Early Edible Foddeci Haricot or Golden Skinless Emperor of Russia Matchless Dwarf German Black Wax Green Pod Lightning Valentine Wax Earl^ Warwick Dwarf Horticviltural Davis Kidney Wax Bountiful Brittle Wax Grencell'E Rust Proof . . . . Market Wax Currie's Rust Proof Davis' Dwarf White Wax. Early Moliawk Ward well's New Kidney. . Flageolet Wax Early China Keeney's Rustless Improved Golden Wax. . . . Perfection Wax Golden Crown Extra Early Refugee Saddle Back Wax Round Yellow Six Weeks. Ne Plus Ultra Blue Podded Butter Don Carlos Early Giant Wax Best of All Challenge Black Wax Early Golden Eye Long Yellow Six Weeks . . Longfellow Knickerbocker Stringless Wax Golden Scimitnr Earliest Red Valentine . . . Improved Goddard White Kidney Fame of Vitry Refugee Wax . . . . Cylinder Ivory Podded . . . Dwarf Chocolate Pencil Pod Wax ... . . . Giant Stringless Burpee's Stringless . . . Royal Dwarf Kidney Cream Valentine Refugee or 1,000 to 1 Black Speckled Eclair. Round Flat Round Flat. Round Flat.. Round Flat Round Flat .. Round Flat.. Round Flat.. Round Flat .. Round Flat Round Remarks. Stringless, good, no rust. Stringy, fair n Few strings, good n Stringless, good n Some strings, fair n Stringless, good <> 11 some rust. 11 no rust. II ■» slight rust. M no rust. Some strings, fair, some rust. Stringless, good, some rust Some stringSjfair, no rust. Stringless,good,some rust tt H Some strings, fair, no rust Stringless,good,some rust II fair, slight rust II good II 11 no rust. II slight rust II no rust. Some strings, fair, no rust. Stringless, good h Some strings, fair, no rust. Stringless, good n 11 II II some rust. Some strings, fair, no rust. Stringless, fair n 11 good, slight rust II some rust. II blight rust 11 no rust. Some strings, fair n Stringless, good n II slight rust Some strings, fair,no rust. Stringless,good,some rust Stringless, fair II good no rust. Some strings, fair, no rust. ONIONS. The ground on which the onions were grown was in a fairly good state of fertility. The soil was a light clay loam well drained but lacking somewhat in humus ; so essen- tial to make it an ideal soil for this crop. The best soil for anions is a light clay UlJ'Oin- OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 367 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ]oam abounding in decomposed vegetable matter, and well drained either naturally or artificially. Almost any good garden soil can be put into shape to grow a good crop of onions by using a liberal supply of manure for one or two years in succession to get a large supply of readily available plant food. The ground should be manured in the fall and ploughed under. In tiie spring this can be ploughed again and the manure thorouglily incorporated by using the disc and springtooth harrows. Poor soil will not produce good onions, and it requires several years of enriching to bring such sjil into condition for the successful culture of the crop. The same ground can be used year after year unless disease or root maggots attack the crop, in which cas3 a change is necessary. The ground on whicli these onions were grown was previously in roots and was manured in the fall of 1903 with fifteen one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre, which was ploughed under. It was again manured this spring with fifteen on^- horse cart loads of stable manure per acre. The ground was worked into good tilth and the manure thoroughly mixed with the soil, and was run into rows two feet apart. ComiDlete fertilizer at the ra'te of 500 lbs. per acre was sown broadcast and lightly harrowed in with the smoothing harrow before the rows were run up. This crop re- quires a liberal amount of plant food in a readily available form, consequently, the liberal use of commercial fertilizer is necessary. A complete fertilizer is the best; that is one containing nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid. Wood ashes can be used to good advantage to supply potash. This ground was intended for roots and was run into rows 24 inches apart. These rows were raked down somewhat and the plots set in rows 2 feet apart. Onions are usually set in rows one foot apart on the level ground. The yield per acre on these plots is calculated from the number of pounds obtained from one row 66 feet long, allowing two feet of space for each row or equal to 1-330 of an acre for each plot ; con- sequently, had these been grown in rows one foot apart the crop yield per acre would have been larger than what is given in this report. Owing to 'the snortness of the season here satisfactory results cannot be had from growing onions from seed sown in the ground, although the variety Extra Early Eed. will do fairly well in this way. The practice now followed is to start the plants in the hot-bed and transplant to the open ground. The transplanting does not entail much more labour than thinning the plants of seed started in the open. The seed for these plots was sown in boxes, 15 by 30 inches, holding six inches deep of soil, on March 24. The seed was planted in drills | of an inch deep in rows 3 inches apart, using 10 to 12 seeds per inch. It requires 6 or 7 weeks from the date of sowing to get good plants for -transplanting. The soil used in these boxes was a rich loose sandy loam. The boxes were set into a hot-bed made March 9, which had a good even bottom heat. They were given ventilation on warm days, and sufficient moisture was supplied to produce good thrifty growth. Onions should not be forced in the hot-bed, as a spindling growth is not wanted, and makes very unsatisfactory plants for transplanting. After May 1 the glass is left off the hot-beds entirely. This hardens up the plants for setting in the open. Transplanting to the open should he done as early in May as possible, and the nearer the plants can be got to about the size of a lead pencil at this time the belter. The boxes were taken to the field when ready for transplanting, May 21. The plants were set 3 inches apart, using a garden line to set by. They were set as deep as the plants were in the starting box. The crop was frequently cultivated to kill weeds, keep the ground loose and friable, conserve moisture, admit air and allow the bulbs to readily develop. Harvesting should be done when the most of the necks have turned yellow and are considerably withered. It is not advisable to defer this operation much after the middle of September. Even at this time some green tops will be found in the earliest maturing varieties, but they will soon dry up after harvesting. They should be pulled and left) in rows for a week or ten days. If there is danger from frost they should be 368 EXPERIMEMAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 stored in a shed or barn floor and left dry, after which they can be topped and sorted for market. The best onion for the average grower is the Australian Brown. For the experienc- ed market gardener the Prize taker will prove the most profitable. The following table gives the date on which tliese plots were piilled and the yield per acre. OA'IOXS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Prize-taker Trebon's Large Yellow. . Australian Brown Golden Globe Australian Yellow Globe Yellow Globe Danvers. . Large Red Wethers field. Red Wonder Market Favourite Extra Early Red Vanguard Mammoth Silver King. . Paris Silver Skin When Harvested. Sept. 23... M 23.... M 13&23 „ 13 & 23 „ 13&23 M 23.... M 23.... „ 13&23 H 23.... .. 13.... Aug. 16.... M 24.... -. 24..-.. Yield Size per Acre. of Onion. Bush. Lbs. 342 40 Large 330 00 „ .... 228 15 Medium. 228 00 „ .... 214 30 M .... 156 45 Large . . . 154 00 „ ... 148 30 Medium. . 137 30 Large 137 30 Medium . . [ 111 22 n .... 83 52 Large 60 30 Small .... Colour of Skin. Yellow Brown . Yellow Red.... Brown . . Yellow . Red.... White.. Remarks. jFairly well matured. Large cropper. Not well matured. Well matured, the best. One of I 'Not well matured. Well matured. Appar- ently a strain of Aus- tralian Brown. Not well matured. Well matured. A good flat early kind. Well matured. Good for early market. Well matured. Did not do as well as usual. Well matured. Good for pickling. SQUASH, PUMPKINS AND CITEON MELON. Eight of the leading varieties of squash, two of pumpkins and one of citron melon were started May 9 in strawberry boxes filled with earth, set in the hot-bed. These were kept quite cool and were not forced, but made a good strong growth. They were set into hills in the open ground June 1 by cutting the boxes and setting tiie plants Avithout disturbing the soil around the roots. Five seeds were put into each box, and after they started all but three plants to a box were thinned out. Three of these boxes were set to a hill and later on the plants were thinned out to six plants to a hill. The hills into which these were set Avere made May 28 by digging out some of the top soil to a depth of six inches, two feet long and one foot wide, and putting into and tramping manure to a depth of four inches and covering with three or four inches of soil. The plants from the boxes were set practically on the manure. A duplicate set of the plots started in the hot-bed were started by planting the seed in these hills May 28. About one dozen seeds were planted to a hill, and they were later thinned to six plants to a hill. These hills after planting were covered with a 12 X 20 glass set on a frame of wood, three inches high. Under this enclosure ia:roiir or air. w. s. ulair 369 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 the seed quickly germinated and by the middle of July the plots were apparently as far advanced as those started in the hot-bed. After the plants have appeared under this glass, the glass should be removed during part of bright days, and after the middle of June should be removed altogether. The hills were 12 feet apart each way. The first cutting was made from these plots September 2, when the then matured squasii were gathered and weighed. The balance of the crop was harvested Septem- ber 21. There appears to be little difference between the two sets of plots. The Bos- ton Marrow is probably the best autumn squash, and the Hubbard the best winter squash. The Warted Hubbard is similar to the Hvibbard, except that it has a rougher shell. It has proven to be a heavier cropper also than the Hubbard tested here. The Golden Hubbard is an excellent sort, but small. The following crop was taken from these plots : — SQUASH, CITROX MELONS AND PUMPKINS — EXPERIMENTS WITH. Name of Variety. Squash. Hubbard Warted Hubbard Golden Bronze Bay State Boston "Marrow Dunlop"s Early Marrow . . Golden Hubbard Essex Hybrid Citron Melon. Colorado Mammoth, Pre- serving. Pumpkins. Sugar .Tuiubo How Started. Outside. Hotbed. Outside. Hotbed. Outside. Hotbed. Outside. Hotbed. Outside. Hotbed. Outside. Hotbed. Outside. Hotbed. Hotbed. Outside. Hotbed. Outside. Hotbed. Hotbed. Sept. 2. Sept. 21. Lbs. 15i 31" 39i IGi 10' 193 201 40' 321 40" 37Jr 33" 2^1 34 21 68| 10| 131 2S1 SCO Lbs. 401 29i 54" 46 39i m 29l, 36" 331 32" 42i 31 29 181 14" 49 57 4^ eg 33 .^ Lbs. Lbs. Colour. 481 45" 85 851 56" 57i 49| 561 731 641 88| 681 62" 46S 48 69 lOlj 593 54v 7 Green. li M 2 Dark grayish greer. 2 2 Blue. 4 2 Bright orange. 7i 8 Orange yello\v. 8 9 Deep orange j-ellow. G\ 6 Orange yellow. 6-9 8-5 5 '9 Deep orange, good keeper, 4 '9' excellent quality. 85 ■ 5 28 ■ 4 Large yellow. LIST OF THE BEST VEGETABLES TO GROW. The following list of vegetables are considered the best for general culture. We find from our tests that a number are practically of equal merit; yet, we feel safe in recommending the following as equal to any of the different sorts of vegetables tested here : — 16—24 370 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Pease. — Extra early : Surprise. Early : Thomas Laxton, American Wonder, Nott's Excelsior. Medium: McLean's Advancer, American Champion. Late: Juno, Hero- ine and Stratagem. The height of these as recorded this year are: 22. 30, 19, 10. 30, 32. 16, 24 and 14 inches respectively. Tomatoes. — Sparks' Earliana. Beans. — Green Pod. Early: Bountiful and Improved Goddard. Late: Refugee or 1,000 to 1. Golden Pod: Market Wax, Valentine Wax and Keeney's Rustles? Wax. Corn. — Extra early: Extra Early Beverly. Early: Extra Early Cory and Premo. Medium: Crosby'^ Early. Cucumhers. — White Spine. The Cumberland is excellent for pickling. Squash. — Autumn : Boston Marrow and Golden Hubbard. Late : Hubbard* Parsnips. — Hollow Crown and Improved Half Long. Carrots. — Chantenay. Onions. — Prizetaker and Australian Brown. Lettuce. — Curled: Black Seeded Simpson. Cabbage: Improved Salamander, Cos Trianon. Cahhage. — Extra early: Paris Market. Early: Jersey Wakefield. Medium: Early Spring and Succession. Late: Late Flat Dutch, Late Red, Red Dutch. Celery. — Paris Golden Yellow Self-Blanching, Improved White Plume and Win- ter Queen. Caxdifiowers. — Early Snowball and Early Dwarf Erfurt. Beets. — Eclipse. Spinach . — Victoria. Salsify. — Sandwich Island. Radishes. — French Breakfast and Icicle. Winter: Long Black Spanish. Parsley. — Double Curled. Citron Melon. — Colorado Mammoth. Peppers. — Cayenne. Water Melon. — Cole's Early and Phinneys' Early. Ego Plants. — New York Improved Purple. Brussels Sprouts. — Improved Dwarf. Kale. — Scotch Dwarf Green Curled. Asparagus. — Conover's Colossal. Bhuharl). — Victoria and Linnaeus. Turnips. — Early: Extra Early Milan and Golden Ball. Swede: Selected Pur- ple Top. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. S. BLAIR, Horticulturist. 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1G * A. 1905 EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR MANITOBA EEPOET OF S. A. BEDFORD, SUPERINTENDENT. Braxdox, ]\Iax., November 30, 1904. To Dr. Wm. Sauxders, Director Dominion Exi^erimental Farms, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit, herewith, my sixteenth annual report, with details of experiments undertaken and work accomplished on the Brandon Ex|5eri- mental Farm, during the year. The past winter was a very cold and stormy one, the last half of January and all of February being particularly so, heavy drifts formed during March and April, fill- ing bluffs of timber and ravines to their full capacity, in some instances native poplar trees were completely stripped of their branches by the weight of snow. When the immense drifts of snow commenced to thaw, all the rivers rose to lui- usual heights and overflowed their banks. The flood prevented "the sowing of grain on a portion of this farm, so the land was summer-fallowed and is now ready for next year's seeding. Spring opened late, the first sowing was done here on April 28, fully three weeks later than the average. The month of May was seasonable. June set in wet, and vegetation grew very rank and soft during the first two weeks of that month. During the latter part of July and the beginning of August rain's were very abundant throughout the province, and grovvth rapid. The autumn was unusually favourable for harvesting and crops of all kinds were saved without injury from rain or snow. A large amount of fall ploughing has also been done, which will allow of rapid seeding next spring. Although there has been some loss from rust and frost, the injury has been quite local in its character, prices for produce have been higher than usual and the year was a profitable one for the farmer. On the experimental farm the yield of wheat, owing to the ravages of rust, was only an average crop, but nearly all other products gave the largest returns in the history of the farm. I beg to call your attention to the following experimental work undertaken here this year for the first time : — The effect of early harvesting in lessening the injury to wheat by rust. The results of sowing flax on newly broken virgin soil. The suitability of flax stubble for different grain crops. Growing clover in large fields with green fodder as a niirse-crop. The improvement of pasture fields. The fattening of swine on pease growing in the field. Barley compared with mixed grain for fattening swine. A comparison of one-year-old, with two-year-old steers for fattening purposes. The use of incubators in raising poultry. 16— 24i 372 EXPERIMENTAL FAKMli 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 190E WHEAT. The past season will be long remembered among the farming community, owing to the alarming reports prevalent regarding injury to our staple crop from rust. As a rule this province is not subject to serious injury from rust in wheat, but the abundant rains of June and July, accompanied by several close sultry days, was un- usually favourable to the spread of rust, and by August 15 many fields were badly dis- coloured from this cause. Where the injury was only slight, the colour of the straw was dull red, and the grain only slightly shrunken, but in the fields seriously injured, both heads and straw were of a dark brown colour readily distinguishable at a dis- tance, and the kernel badly shrunken. The badly injured fields were sometimes scattered among others comparatively free of rust, and often there was no apparent reason for the difference, bvit excessive growth of straw from any cause appears to encourage the disease. This was par- ticularly noticeable on rank summer-fallow and land heavily manured for root crops. Many fields lying under the shelter of belts or bluffs of timber were noticed to be badly affected, possibly for want of a free circulation of air; sheltered hollows also suffered badly, especially if the soil was rich in humus. On this farm most of the uniform test plots were on sheltered land which had been ploitghed early and well summer-fallowed, for this reason the growth of straw was very rank and the injury from rust much greater than on the larger fields more exposed and not so carefully summer-fallowed. In the accompanying tables it will be noticed that some varieties are more sub- ject to injury from this cause tnan others, all velvet headed kinds such as Hayne's Blue Stem were severely injured, while the Macaroni Wheats are comparatively un- injured, the yield large and kernel plump and heavy. It will be noticed that a number of the cross-bred varieties are several days earlier than Red Fife, and in districts where there is danger of Eed Fife being injured by fall frosts, I would strongly recommend a trial of one of these early ripening kinds. Early Riga is the earliest of all the varieties tested here, but it has not proved as pro- ductive as some of tiie others. Preston Wheat although not as early as Riga, is more productive, and is usually several days earlier than Red Fife, the area sown to this wheat is increasing each year, especially in districts subject to autumn frosts. At present the millers here are paying the same price for Preston Wheat as they are for Red Fife. Thirty-six varieties of spring wheat were tested this year, irrespective of Maca- roni Wheat and Spelt. All were sown on May 4 on clay loam soil, summeii-fallowed. in plots of one-twentieth acre. All the seed was treated with bluestone and the varie- ties were all free of smut. liEl'ORl OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 373 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 SPRING WHEAT TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Date of Ripen- ing. Australian No. 9 Red Fife Crawford Australian No. 19 Power's Fife (Minn. 149). . Chester Monarch Preston Benton Huron Pr ingle's Cham plain . . White Fife Fraser Advance Admiral Hungarian Da wn Early Riga Byron Hastings Hayne's Blue Stem (Minn, 169) White Russian Weldon Wellman's Fife Stanley Percy Clyde Minne.sota No. 163.. Laurel Countess Red Fern Plumper Herisson Bearded Colorado . . . Rio Grande McKendry's I'^ife On Sept. 6 Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. 124 121 123 12-1 120 Aug. 31 119 311 120 4 123 125 120 120 127 127 125 127 123 119 117 121 12G 115 120 125 120 123 112 117 123 Sept. 4 1 1 3 Aug. 29 Sept. 2 6 2 123 120 120 122 117 121 125 121 Fair . Stiff. In. 53 53 44 50 .51 Weak 52 Stiff.. 51 i Fair.. 53:Stiff.. 47! M .. 52 Fair.. 50| „ .. 53 Stiff. 41 51 53 47 51 43 50 49 Stiff, W^eak. Stiff.. 50 47 53 53 51 Fair.. . 50 Stiff... 501 M ... 52 Weak.. 53 Stiff... uOlFair. . . 51 Stiff... 49 H ... 4(3 Weak.. 51 Fair: . . 50i 52 In. 4 31 3" Kind of Head. Beardless . Beardless. Bearded . . Beardless. 4 4 3i 3| Bearded 4 'Beardless 3i Bearded. 3|! M . ' 3 Beardless 3 Bearded 3 3 3 3 3J Bearded.. 3 Beardless 4 4 3^ 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 I 3i Bearded. 3" 2 3i 3l 4i Beardless. Yield per Acre. Lbs. 6,550: 36 6,700! 3(5 5,840 6,840 6,800 6.260 6,880 6,420 5,520 6,520 6,120 5,600 6.140 5,840 6,420 5,940 6,160 5,420 5,380 4,880 7,380 7,200 7,120 7,520 7,160 6,420 6,140 6,560 6,180 5,580 6,700 6,800 5,860 6,080 6,920 6,520 40 27 26 40 26 20 26 20 1i 3 Rusted. Lbs 59i 5Si mi 59i 59 5Ui 582 56 58 56i 58 I 57^! 58i 57i 56i 57i 56i 58S, 57-1 585 Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly, Badly. Considerably. Badly." Considerably. Badly. Considerablj-. Badly. Considerably. 26 20 56" 26 20 55i 26 541 25 40 56.1 25 20 56 25 20 56 23 20 54i 23 20 56A 22 20 55 Js 22 54 19 40 52i 16 20 57 Badly. boh m 57' 55^ Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Badly. Considerabl}'. Badly." Considerably. Badly.' MACAEONI WHEAT. This ela.ss of wheat has proved almost free of rust, and for that reason it has during the past few years been much more productive than other varieties. As this kind of wheat is unsaleable for milling purposes in this country, we do not recommend it for general cultivation. The size of the plots used for this test was one-twentieth acre. The soil a clay loam, summer-fallowed. All were sown on May 4. MACAROXI WHE.\T — TEST OF VARIETIES. ? hi >■ ^- -r ^ "o Name of Variety. Date of Ripen- ing. c3 3 Character of Stra bo's J Kind of Head. .SP-S Yield per Acre. — M Proportion Rusted. In. In. Lbs. 4 »■ Lbs Googe Sept. 10 129 52 Fair . . . O.l Bearded . . 6,700 .53 20 60 Slightly. Roumanian „ 12 131 53 " ... 2A Tl 6,180 45 20 61 Considerably . Yellow Gharnovka 9 128 53 Weak . . 3 11 6,(i00 45 .. 621 Slightly. 9 128 45 Fair . . . 3i " 5,320 44 40 61 374 EXPERIMENTAL FARUk! 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EMMER AND SPELT. In addition to the Common Emmer, incorrectly called Speltz in this country, a test has been made with one other Emmer and two kinds of Spelt. The Common Emmer is not only the most productive hut the weight per bushel is decidedly greater. The Common Emmer has suffered during the past two seasons from the head^ breaking from the straw just before harvest. For this reason, it may be better to harvest it before it is fully ripe. The size of the plots used for this test was one-twentieth acre. The soil a clay loam, summer-fallowed. All were sown on May 4. EMMER AXD SPELT — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Date of Ripen- ing. Sept. 9. M 9. M 9. M 9. Q ^ 128 133 S In. 44 ^ is o Weak . . Stiff . . . Qi S In. i 41 45 Kind of Head. Yield per Acre. Proportion Rusted. Common Emmer. . Bearded. Beardless . Lbs. G,2G0 6,720 5,800 5,060 Lbs. 4,140 Slightly. 2,780 „ Red Spelt 131 48 M .... 2,000 White Spelt 129 46 " ■■■■ 1,240 ^^ FIELD PLOTS OF WHEAT. Owing to the Assiniboine river overflowing its banks, we were unable to sow as many large grain fields as usual and in some cases where fields had b^n sown the water partly destroyed the crop, making accurate returns impossible Variety. Rust. Character of Soil. Size Of Field. Date of Sowing. Date of Ripening. Weight per Bushel. Lbs. GO 50.1 60' 59i 6) 60 Yield per Acre. Preston Little... None. . . Clay lo.am. . . Sandy m . . " 6 acres. . 5 ., .. 2 ,- .. 4 ,. .. !;; :; May 2.... April 28... 11 29. . . . May 2.... April 29 . . . M 29.... Aug. 23.... 1, 17.... 1. 22.... 1. 22.... ,1 17.... 11 17.... CO K S X! W ^ 30 .. 24 36 White Fife 22 .. Red 29 43 .31 .. Pringle's Champlain 25 .. VAEIETIES OF WHEAT GROWN FROM SELECTED AND IJNSELECTED SEED. As in former years, the largest heads were selected from standing grain of last year, and the seed was sown this year for comparison with unselected seed from the same plots. The accompanying table gives the result of each individual variety. A summary is also given which shows the average yield from the selected wheat to be fifty-four pound? more than the unselected. All were sown on summer-fallow land. The soil was a clay loam. REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Win: AT. 375 Variety. Countess, unselected . M selected . . . Stanley, unselected . . " selected .... Byron, unselected . . . 11 selected ... . Size of Plot. Date of Sowing Date of Ripening. acre May 4... Sept. 1 . . . . 4 ... 1 ... 4... 1.... 4... 1... 4.... Aug. 29.... 4.... M 29.... Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 25 24 26 29 27 28 20 20 20 40 40 Weight per Bushel. Lbs. 54.^ 54 .L 54" 54 55 Average yield of 3 varieties (selected) 27 bu.sh. 20 lbs. (unselected) 20 bu.sh. 26 lbs. CITTIXG RUSTV AVHEAT -VT DIFFKREXT STAGES. Farmers found it somewhat difficult to decide on the most suitable time to cut fields of rusty grain. It was thought by many, that early cutting would arrest the rust, and allow the kernel to fill, out in the stook. Others allowed tlie grain to fully mature before harvesting. For the purpose of gaining some information on this point, four plots of wheat were cut at intervals of one week and a record kept of the returns from eacli. From the accompanying table it will be seen that the plot cut in the dough or late milk stage, gave the best results. This experiment should, however, be repeated before definite opinions are reached. No. Variety. When Sown. When Harvested. Stage of Straw when Harvested. Stage of Grain when Harve.^ted Yield per Acre. Weight per Bushel. 1 2 3 4 Red Fife , . . May 18.. .1 18.. ■1 18.. M 18.. Aug. 30. . Sept. 6.. 13.. 22. . Quite green Greenish Nearly ripe Quite ripe In the milk In the dough Nearly hard Quite hard Bush. Lbs. 25 40 20 24 40 24 20 Lba. 54 54 .54 54 EXPERIMENTS WITH THE USE OF BARX-YARD MANURE ON WHEAT. The plots used for this test in 1903 were again sown with wheat this year. Five adjoining plots in fallow last year were also sown at the same time. The series of plots selected for this purpose were laid out on the upper portion of the farm where the soil is quite light and somewhat exhausted. The size of the plots was one-twentieth acre, and the soil a very light sandy loam. The previous crop was wheat. Tbe variety sown was Red Fife, sown on May 1-3 and harvested from August 26 to September 1. 376 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 No. Plot. Treatment in 1903. Yield in 1903. Yield in 1904. 1 2 10 loads per acre, rotted manure No manure Bu c ^ i— 1 < ^ <::5 . 1' bo In. 1 Giant Prolific Ensilage 2 White CapYell'wDent 3 Thoroughbred White Flint 4 Red Cob Ensilage 5 Superior Fodder 0 Champion White Peai'l Salzer's All Gold 8 King Philip y Mammoth Cuban .... 10 Cloud's Early Yellow. 11, Longfellow 12 Pride of the North . . . 13 North Dakota White. 14 Angel of Midnight . . . 1.5 Compton's Early IGj Early Mastodon Very leafy ..fAusr. Fairly leaf/. Early Butler . Eureka Selected Leaming , Evergreen Sugar 76 Very leafv .. 00 Fairly leafy. 74:Verj' leafy.. 97 j Few leaves . 87 1 Very leafy.. 85| 75 Few leaves . 8G „ 84 Fairly leafy. 74 Very leafy .. 70 *93j Leafy 791 Fairly leafy. SliLeafy 104 Quite leafy . 76 Few leaves . 81: 73Xeafv Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. 29 29 29 i! 5 27 30 18 31 Aug. 23' Aug. 26 Sept. 1 29! I .... , 17|Aug."27iSept 1 1 18' Aug. 23 Sept. 1 16 19: 18 29 1 30 1 28 Sept. Sept. In tassel 24 Sept. fi 24 23 22 21 ,. .j21 L. milk. 20 Insilk..|l9 .! In tassel 118 .,E. milk. 18 In tassel 17 6;L. milk. 17 . !e. milk. 17 . M . 110 .In silk. .116 . |In tassel 16 1.5 13 11 IGO'26 810,24 840 22 200 21 1,408 22 76819 240 23 920 18 L600 19 960 17 43218 1,640 16 1,64019 1,112 17 1,792 1 IS 1,000 17 1,000 19 360,18 664 10 440ill 272 48 1,672 1,560 352 808 1,.520 9()0 808 848 1,488 1,000 1,600 1,376 960 1,640 280 960 64 1,760 DsDUX CORX — SOWX AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES APART. Name of Variet)'. Distance aoart. Longfellow, 4 rows 1. 4 4 „ .... 4 Selected Leaming Champion White Pearl Indies. 24 30 36 42 24 30 36 42 24 30 36 42 Height. Inches. 85 85 85 85 81 81 81 , 81 97 07 97 97 Condition when Cut. Early milk In tassel. Weight per Acre, cut green for ensilage. Tons. I 26 I 22 19 17 16 15 14 17 20 19 16 15 Lbs. SOO 880 1,6C0 1,252 1,000 1,680 «00 1,438 1,250 1,072 1,880 160 INDIAN CORN. Average Yield at Dififerent Distances Apart. Average yield of green corn 24 inches apart 30 36 .. .. 42 Tons. Lbs. 21 350 19 544 17 26 16 1,616 384 EXrEiaUEX TAL FAh'AJ S 4-5 EDWARD VI!., A. 1905 FIELD BOOTS. The yield of all kinds of field roots has been unusually good on the experimental farm this year, and a few notes on our manner of growing them may jwove useful to new settlers in this country. For the best results soil intended for field roots should be rich, moist, and fairly free of weed seeds. These conditions can be obtained by sowing on manured sum- mer-fallow land, or by using the same land continuously for a root crop, but alter- nating the kind of root from year to year; for instance, land in potatoes this year could be sown to turnips next season. The latter plan has been adopted here, and about ten loads of manure per acre is applied every second or third year. If all root tops and odier rubbish is ploughed under deeply, just as soon as the crop is off, and the land rolled, there will be no trouble from cutworms. All manure should be applied in the autumn. Only well rotted manure should b<,- used, and it must be broken up fine for the best results. All field roots should be sown much earlier than is generally practiced. Carrots can be sown May 1, turnips May 10, and mangels and sugar beets May 15. Ridged drills dry out quickly, for that reason only level drills should be used. TUENIPS. Twenty varieties of turnips have been on trial at the experimental farm this year. The yield was the largest for years, and the quality good. The soil was a sandy loam, manured in 1902, and the previous crop was potatoes. As usual two sowings were made of each variety; in every instance the early sown plots gave the largest returns. The first plots were sown on May 10, the second on May 23, and the roots from both were pulled on October 6. The estimate of yield has been made from the pro- duce of two rows, each 66 feet long. TURNIPS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Good Luck Jumbo Ma^umi Bonum Hall's Westbuiy Bangholm, selected . . . . Kast Lothian. Perfection Swede Kangaroo .. Hartley's Bronze New Century Selected Purple Top Imperial Swede Drummond Purple Top.. Carter's Elephant 15J Emperor Swede ICiSutton's Champion 17 Mammoth Clyde 18 Halewood's Bronze Top., 19] Elephant's Master 20Skirvings Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. 43 37 34 31 30 29 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 27 26 2G 26 26 26 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs 1,120 1,240 640 304 720 1,400 1,136 80 80 1,552 760 760 760 760 1,176 1,592 1,328 1.328 800 800 1,452 1,254 1,144 1,038 1,012 990 985 968 968 959 946 916 946 946 919 893 888 8S8 880 880 24 36 32 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot 23 25 25 21 21 19 21 23 22 23 21 21 19 21 23 19 19 22 1,520 1,480 1,480 200 880 768 1,560 1,600 240 1,520 616 200 1,560 768 1,600 768 1,520 280 1,600 880 792 858 858 770 748 712 726 660 704 792 743 770 726 712 660 712 792 638 660 748 48 36 48 48 L'JJl'Oh'T OF MR. S. A. BEDl'OUD 385 SESSIONAL PAPER ^.o. 1G EXPEEIMENTS WITH MANGELS. Sixteen varieties of mangels have been on trial at the experimental farm this year. The yield was excellent and the roots were saved free of injury from frost. The soil used for this crop was a black loam fertilized in 1902, with ten load 5 of well-rotted stable manure, applied in the autumn. The previous crop was potatoes. The first sowing was made on May 7, and the second on May 21. All were harvested on September 24. The estimate of yield has been made from the product of two rows each 66 feet long. MAXGELS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Varietj'. 1 Mam. Yellow Intermediate 39 2 Gate Post 37 3 Half Long Sugar White i 35 4' Yellow Intermediate 31 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Tons. Lbs, .5 1 Prize Winner Yellow Globe . . 6 Mammoth Long Red. ... 7 Triumjih Yellow Globe .S Selected Mammoth Long Red . 1) Leviathan Long Red 10 Giant Yellow Intermediate. . . . ll;Giant Sugar Mangel 12 Prize Mammoth Long Red. . . . 13 Lion Yellow Intermediate. . . . 14 Half Long Sugar Rosy 1.5 Giant Yellow Globe l(j Selected Yellow Globe 31 31 31 31 31 31 29 28 27 26 25 24 1,992 712 1,544 1,624 1,360 1,096 568 304 40 40 80 496 648 800 160 1,896 1,.3.33 1,245 1,192 1,060 1,056 1,051 1,042 1,038 1,034 1,034 968 941 910 880 836 831 12 12 24 24 36 48 24 31 29 31 38 30 27 28 29 28 31 27 30 24 28 35 36 568 872 40 32 1,512 120 760 1,928 496 304 648 192 1,104 760 1,280 600 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 1,042 981 1,034 1,267 1,025 902 946 998 941 1,038 910 1,003 818 946 1,188 1,210 48 12 12 12 48 36 24 4« 12 24 CAEROTS, Profiting by last year's experience, a deep friable soil was selected for this test. The land was ploughed deeply in the fall so as to give the root an opportunity to penetrate the soil. The previous crop was mangels. Ten varieties were tried. The first sowing was made on May 7, the second on May 21. This year, with one exception, the first sown plots gave the largest yield. The yield per acre has been calculated from the products of two rows, each 66 feet long. CARROTS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. New White Intermediate Long Yellow Stump Rooted . . . Ontario Champion Improved Short W'hite White Belgian. Carter's Orange Giant . Mammoth White Intermediate Half Long Chantenay Giant White Vosges . . Early Gem 16—25 ~ Yield per j Yield per Acre. i Acre. 1st Plot. 2nd Plot. Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs.! Bush 1,440 600 1,720 440 1^360 280 760 800 880 1,290 1,210 1,195 1.107 1,100 1,056 1,004 946 880 748 Lbs. Tons. 40 40 Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 840 520 840 1,680 840 1,040 1,720 1,720 800 1,080 814 975 630 894 630 850 828 828 513 784 20 40 40 40 40 40 40 20 40 386 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 SUGAR BEETS. Eight varieties of these roots were on trial this year. The season was a favour- able one and a large crop of well-shaped roots was harvested. Tliree of the varieties were tested by Mr. F, T. Shutt, Chemist of the Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa, and the juice of all was found fairly rich and pure. Full particulars of this test will be found in Mr. Shutt's annual report. The soil was a black sandy loam. The previous crop was potatoes. The first plots were sown on ^May 7, the second on May 21. All were harvested on September 24. The estimate of yield has been made from the product of two rows, each G6 feet long. SUGAR BEETS^TEST OF \ARn:TIES. Name of Variety. :cns. Lbs. Royal Giant 25 G8S j Red Top Sugar 24 48 1 Danish Red Top 2.3 i)'J2 ! 4'Danish Improved 23 200 5,Wanzleben 22 880 6 1 Improved Imperial 21 504 7 1 French 'Very Rich' ! 21 2-10 HiVilmorin's Improved 17 1,004 Yield per Acre. l.st Plot. Yield ])er Acre. 1st Plot. Yield p r A ere. 2nd Plot. Lb'i.Tons Lbs 844 800 783 770 748 708 704 5'J8 21 1,744 1.480 41)4 050 1.488 ;'40 1,040 208 Yield per .iVcre. 2nd Plot. Bush. 802 8.^.8 774 077 024 814 484 530 Lbs. 24 24 30 48 4S POTATOES. Forty-one varieties of potatoes were on trial on this farm. The yield was larger than usual and the quality excellent. There was no injury from rot or other disease and they were free from tbe attacks of the Colorado beetle. The soil selected this year was a sandy loam and the previous crop was turnips. The soil was fertilized with ten tons of well-rotted manure in the autumn of 1902. The potatoes were planted on May 14 in rows three feet apart and dug on Sep- tember 26. The yield has been estimated in each case from the product of one row 66 feet long. It is quite evident from the experience gained on this farm during the past 15 years, that Early Rose potatoes, the kind usually grown here, are no longer as prolific ^i some other varieties, and I do not hesitate to advise the abandonment of that variety for others mentioned in the accompanying list. As potatoes increase rapidly, the 3- pound packages supplied free by the experimental farms will in a short time produce sufficient to supply a family. It is found that a somewhat long, pink-coloured potato, of the Early Rose type, gives the best satisfaction in this province. This class of pota- toes are usually early, dry ard mealy. The following are some of the most productive varieties of this class : Maided Thoroughbred, Canadian Beauty, General Gordon, Rose No. 9, Seedling No. 7. REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 387 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 POTATOES — TEST OF VARIETIES. Xame of Variety. SC5 a liLate Puritan Rank 2 Prolific Rose 3 Dreer's Standard 4 Money Maker Med . 5 Sabean's Elephant Rank GjManle's Thoroughbred TjRosc No. 9 8l Canadian Beauty 9 Aniei'ican Giant . . . . lO'UncleSam Med.... 11 Country Gentleman Rank . . 12 Empire State , : ., 13 American Wonder ! m 14 State of Maine <, i.5|Iri.sh Cobbler Med IGiCarman No. 3 Rank . . 17 Seedling No. 7 .. 18 General Gordon Med.... 19 Holborn Abundance V. rank. 2o!Carman No. 1 . 2liPearce '.Rank 22| Cambridge Russet 23 'Enormous 24 Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. I. X. L Delaware Rochester Rose Swiss Snowflake . . , , Clay Rose Penn Manor Reeve's Rose , Everett Bumaby Seedling . . Bovee Early St. George . . 3-5 Pingree 36;Early Andes 37 Vick's Extra Earlv 38RawdonRose '. . 39 Early En\oy 401 Early Itoso 4l'Early White Prize. Med V. rank. Rank . . Med. . . . Rank . . Med.... Rank . . Weak . . INted. . . . Weak . . V.'rank. ^\^eak . . Med. . . . Weak . . .1 M . I Aug. Sept. Large Med. . . Large Med. . Large Med. . Large :\Ied. . Large Fair.. Med. . Large Aug. Sept. Aug. Sei)t. Aug. AUE 20 Med.. 1 1 Large 25 1 Med.. 24 „ Large ■§-< H Med. . Large . Alfalfa clover, 1st cutting 2nd .. 1st M '. . 2nd M ....... Common Red Clover, 1st cutting 2nd „ VVliite Dutch When sown. 1002 1902 1902 1902 1902 1902 1902 1903 1903 1903 1903 1902 Seed per acre. Lbs. 15 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 Thickness of Aftermath. Thin.. Fair. . Thin.. Thick Thin. Yield of Hay per acre. Tons. Lbs. 1400 300 1200 600 800 1200 1200 800 400 1600 1000 1600 IMILLETS. Aa the land set apart for Millets was flooded, a trial was made of sowing them on wheat stubble land, ploughed in spring, and the result was very unsatisfactory. This plant requires a clean and compact soil, with a liberal supply of moisture; all of these requirements were lacking in the land used. The yield of hay was generally much below the average. JMoha Hungarian was the only variety that gave a good return. The size of the plots for this test were one-fortieth acre and the soil a sandy loam. All were sown on May 20 and cut on September 1. Variety, Moha Hungarian Japan Italian or Indian Common Millet Algerian California White Roimd French Pearl or Cat-tail Heiglit. In. 45 40 35 30 65 50 55 25 I Yield Stage when cut. I of Haj' per acre. Fully headed Not headed. . Fully headed, Not headed. . Nearly ripe. . Not headed. . jTons. ! 6 3 2 2 2 2 Lbs. iiioo 1200 800 ICOO 600 390 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS CATTLE. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The herd of cattle on the experimental farm now consists of the following: animals : — Name of Animal. >Sliorthorn Alice May Nancy Brandon Myrtle Red Knight of Brandon Rose of Brandon Lily of Brandon ]>e:itry Haron I >■ Brandon Maid JGuernaey Ottawa Prince Marie Ruben Christie {Iretchen (Jarrie •fennette Jenney jMargaret Daisy Pet Sis Ayrshire 12 Shorthorn Grade. Avi-shire Grade j-ears . . months year.s . Uiontlis year.s . . months years . months Weight. Lbs. 1,305 1,210 1,435 1,710 890 1,145 1,020 1,020 945 1,480 470 230 1,275 1,310 1,405 1,590 530 030 330 920 055 MILKIXG COWS. The accompanying tahle gives the length of the milking period and the weight of milk given hy a number of the experimental farm cows for the past year : — Name. Age, Breed. Milking Period. Pounds of Milk. Nancy Brandon Mj'rtle 4 5 2 0 8 5 6 335 days ending Nov. 30, 1904 . . 6,751 5,219 292 „ n .. 208 „ ,- .. 303 ■■ ,. .. 279 ,■ .... 267 .. .... 138 ,. .... 4,809 9,241 0,934 5,782 3,334 Carrie ... Gretchen Pet Ayrshire EXPERIMENTS IN FEEDING STEERS. OXE-YEAR-OLD STEER.S COMPARED WITH TWO-YEAR-OEDS. The twelve steers selected for this test were apparently all shorthorn grades. Six of them were about 18 months old, the others yO months. All were raised in the neighbourhood of Hamiota, Manitoba. When purchased in November, 1903, the steers cost $3.25 per hundred pounds live weight and sold in May, 1904, for $1.25 per hundred pounds. The older steers were the most suitable for export purposes, but all were killed in Winnipeg, and the buyer gave the same price for each lot. REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 39I SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 After two weeks of preparatory feeding: they were divided into two groups, ac- cording to age. All were tied in double stalls and fed all they would eat of the following ration:— Ration per day for each one-year-old steer — Corn fodder 15 lbs Oat straw g a Cora ensilage -[^^ " Swede turnips y) u Wheat bran 5 " Ground grain 0 to C '' Ration per day for eac-h two-year-old steer — Corn fodder I5 p^s. Oat straw g " Corn ensilage I7 " Swede turnips y) '< Wheat bran 5 " Ground grain 4 to 8 " DE-CHIPTIOX OF KOr-DER. The fodder corn was Pearce's Prolific, -cut when in the early milk stage, well cured in the stocks outside and drawn in as wanted. This was cut into one-inch lengths. Tlie straw was mixed wheat and oat. The grain was composed of one-third each of barley, oats and wheat screenings, ground somewhat coarsely. The amount of grain fed was increased slightly each month until the test was completed. COMPARATIVE GAINS. One j'ear old steers. Date Original weight of steers | Dec. 11, 1903 . . Weight at end of 1st term Jan. 8, 1004. . 2nd „ I Feb. 5, 19J-4.. 3rd M liMarch 4, 19)4.. 4th Weight. 4,!)40 Ib.s. 5,235 „ . 5,520 ,. . 5,865 „ . April 1, 1904.. 0,092 Gain. Total Gain. 295 lbs. 285 M . 345 „ . 227 .. . 1,152 lbs. Two year old steers. Date. We!"rht. Original weight of steers ' Dec Weight at end of 1st term . 2nd „ . 3rd „ . 4th ,. . Jan. Feb. March April 11, 1903., 8, 1904., 5, 1904. 4, 1904., 1, 1904. , f>,725 lbs. 7,095 ,- . 7,390 - . 7,7()5 r Manitoba. Southport Red Globe ,, II Fully „ . Medium . . . 500 A desirable variety. Early Red Globe Deep red 1, .. ,1 . Small to ined.. 492 A good earlj' va- Trebon's Large Yel- Pale yellow 11 n 11 . Medium ... . 48S A fine keeper. low. Gibraltar Light M 11 Nearly n . Med. to large.. 477 A promising va- riety. Prize Taker Red Medium red 11 Fully 11 . Medium .... 475 A first class variety. Globe. Giant Yellow Rocca ir yellow . 11 Not 1, . 463 Too late for Mani- toba. Southport Yellow Deep II 11 Fully Med. to large.. 4.50 An excellent var. Globe. for Manitoba. Red Wethersfield . . . 11 red Flattish . . 11 11 . 11 11 . . 429 A first class variety. Giant Yellow Globe. II yellow Globular. . II . Medium 419 A good earlj' va- riety. Yellow Globe Dan- " II .. Med. to large.. 418 A standard variety. Spanish King. ... Yellow Flattish . . Nearly n . Medium 409 Rather late for Manitoba. Extra Early Flat Bright red 11 Fully Med. to small. 407 A very early va- Red. riety. Red Bassano .... Deep 11 . . . . 11 Nearly m . Medium ... . 401 Ratlier late for Manitoba. Golden Pheasant . . . 11 yellow " • • Fully 11 .... 392 -A. new variety of considerable merit. Yellow Globo Dan- „ ,1 Globular. . <• . 379 Good earl}' variety. vers. White Portugal White Flattish . . Not ,, 375 Not a desirable va- riety. Australian Brown . . Reddish brown. . Globular. . Fully II . 3G3 A good earlj' va- riety. Northland Deep yellow .... FlattLsh . . 11 11 ,, 353 11 11 Yellow Cracker 11 1. 11 . ,, 314 1. II Michigan Yellow „ „ (Jlobular. . 1. 11 . Med. to large.. 298 Afirst class variety. Globe. A good keeper. ^ Market Favorite Keeping. Round Hard Dutch. Brown yellow . . . Flattish . . 11 Medium 291 White Flat 11 11 Small to med.. 291 Poor as pickler or large onion. Au.stralian Yellow Deep yellow Globular. . 11 II . 11 11 . . 291 Very badlj' mixed. Globe. Red Madeira Very light pink. " •• Nor, Med. to large.. 200 Late and very thick-necked. White Flat Fully Small to med. . Small 183 Too many lorge Small Barletta 175 tubers. A first class pickler. Small Silver Skin. .. „ „ II II . II 163 Ofonlyfairquality. White Queen ,, ,, ,, ,, Small to v. sin. 161 Poor as pickler (-r large onion. White Maggiagola. . 1, II 11 11 to med. 156 Too many large bulbs . Early Flat Danvers Deep j^ellow Flattish . . Medium 84 Germination too poor for proper comparison. ilfd Welsh, light red, of no value except a bunching onion (no bulbs formed). If E PORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 403 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ONION (sets) 1904. The following varieties of onion sets were tested during the past season : — Yellow Dut'ch sets. Shallots sets English Multiplier sets, Top of Button sets, White Multiplier sets. Garlic sets. These were planted in the open on April 28, and all produced a good crop. Yel- low Dutch sets are by far the most useful, as they usually give heavy returns and ripen very early. The Shallot is an excellent keeper, though small in size, and is much in demand here. The White Multiplier would be satisfactory for pickling pur- poses, but does not equal the seed onions for this purpose, and is a poor cropper. SQUASH AND PUMPKIN. Thirty-seven varieties of squash and pumpkin were sown in the open on May 23, 1904, and nearly all germinated well. As usual, a heavy crop was harvested, many of the varieties ripening. A number qf complaints are received from growers through- out the province in regard to their inability to grow this vegetable satisfactorily, and we have deemed it advisable to mention one very important factor in the successful cultivation of this class of vegetables. Squash and pumpkins produce the male and female flowers separately on the same plant, and in order to ensure the setting of the fruit, it is necessary that the pollen from the male flower should be brought into contact with the female flower. Wlien there are bees in the immediate vicinity, this operation is accomplished most thoroughly by their agency, but in the absence of these insects hand pollination is sometimes necessary. The process is extremely simple and consists in removing the male or staminate flower as soon as it is fully open, and transferring it to the female or pistillate flower, which latter is readily distinguished by the immature fruit at its base. When the vines have attained a moderate length, the ends of the runners should be nipped off. This brings several flowers of both sexes into bloom simultaneously, allowing fertilization to be accomplished. If this measure is adopted, growers are likely t-o have much better success. The following varieties proved most suitable for Manitoba : — PUMPKINS. 1. Sweet or Sugar. — A small variety of excellent flavour and texture, ripening early, and excellent for pie purposes. 2. Japanese Pie. — Somewhat similar to the foregoing. p. ^Yi]lter Luxury. — A medium sized variety, light yellow in colour, densely netted and resembling a large musk melon. Fairly early and of fine texture. 4. Connecticut Field. — A large yellow variety generally grown for feed purposes, but also makes a good pie, early and very productive. Mammoth Tours. — This was the largest variety grown this season, and would be useful for feed purposes. SQUASH. English Vegetahle Marroiv. — A standard variety. Productive and early and one of the best for use as a vegetable. Long ^yhite Bush Marrow. — A bush form of vegetable marrow. Early and pro- ductive and resembling the English vegetable marrow in texture and flavour. Extra Early Orange Marrow. — This variety still holds its position as the best variety for Manitoba. It is quite equal to a pumpkin for pie purposes, very early and productive and a spleni*id keeper. The results of this test were as follows : — 16— 2Gi 404 EXPERIM EX TA L FA RM S 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 SQUASH AND PUMPKINS — TEST OF VARIETIES. Variety. Colour. Texture and Flavour. Ripeness. Average Weight. Connecticut Field . I^rolden Oblong . . . . Grey Mammoth. , . •Japanese Pie Large Cheese Mammoth Tour.s . . Negro Ked Etampe.s Striped Custard. . . Sweet or Sugar . . . Tennessee Sweet Potato. Deep yellow . . . Greyish green . . Deep yellow. . . Grey and green. Deep yellow. . Reddish yellow. Deep yellow . . 12 Winter Luxury Light yellow . . . 13 Bay State (Squash) '. . . . Greyioh green. . 14 Boston Mari'ow Brazillian Sugar Canadian Crookneck Cocozelle Delicata (Squash) Early Golden Bush Early Golden Bush English Vegetable Marrow . . Essex Hybrid (Squash) Ex. Earlj^ Orange ilarrow . . . Faxon (Squash) Fordhook (Squash) Golden Hubbard Hubbard (Squash) Long White Bush Marrow (Squash) Long Island Bush (Squash) . . Marblehead m Mammoth Whale it Pikes Peak Summer Crookneck n [Turban m [Warty Hubbard Warren White Bush Scallop Light yellow. , Dark green.. . . Green white . . Light yellow. . Yellowish white. Terra cotta Reddish yellow.. Light >. . . Dark green M yellow II green Poor feed Fair For feed Very good Somewhat coarse For feed Fair Very good Did not nearly approach matui ity . Very good Did not nearly approach maturity. Very good Not ripe Did not nearly a])proach maturity. Not ripe.^ €0 p. 2.5 50 80 90 75 5 5 85 c. npe Very good . Poor Very good . Fair . Very good . Not ripe. . . Very good . Yellowish white. (xreen and white Lij,ht green Green and white Light yellow. . . . Terra cotta Dark green . Light yellow. . . . White Not ripe For feed ...... Very good . . . Poor , Very good . . . 5 Not ripe. 50 p. c. ripe 5 10 50 90 10 95 10 Not ripe. . . . 5 p. c. ripe A few ripe . . ripe 90 p. 50 None ripe. . . 75 p. c. ripe Nearly ripe. 50 \x c. ripe (55 A few ripe . . 10 p. c. ripe 75 II 28 pounds. 0 28 8 18 7 5 9 11 4 3.^ 8 10 7 11 7^ 7 11 9 CUCUMBERS. ISFine varieties of encumbers wore sown in the open on ]\Iay 23, 1904, in hills 5 feet apart each way, and as usual a very heavy crop of fruit was harvested before frost. Following is the result of the test arranged in order of earliness : — Variety. Early Frame Very good Germination. Early Green Cluster Chicago Pickling Green Gherkin Cumberland Early White Spine Improved Long Green S. B. Evergreen. . McKenzie's Prolific . . Good. Fair.. Good. Poor Not one seed germin Ounces . 4 4 8 3| 12 9 10 9 ated. Productiveness. Very productive , Moderately prod'i Very Not Fairly Inches 6 6 8 4 10 9 9 8 N.B.— Early Frame, Ei.rly Green Cluster, Paris Pickling and Cumberland were the cream of the varieties tested. KEl'OIiT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 405 SESSIONAL PAPER .\o. IG C.\BBAGE, 1904. Ten varieties of cjibbage were sown in cold frame on April 21, and sot out in the open on May 31. With two exceptions the germination was exceptionally good and a heavy crop was harvested. Following will be found a list of varieties tested, together with average weights of heads, arranged in order of earliness :^=- Variety. Paris Market f^xtra Early E>;iiress Early Enfield Fair Early Jersey Wakefield Good Midsummer Savoy Early Winningstadt Fottlers Dramhead. Red Drumhead (rreen Globe Savoy Superb Dwarf Imperial Wei^rht. Shape. Lbs. Conical. 3 " potatoes (Lizzie's Pride) . . 290 SAMPLES FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSES. A number of exhibits have been prepared and forwarded to England for two ex- hibitions lield there during the past summer, an exhibit, has also been prepared for the Universal Exposition to be held in Liege, Belgium, next year. As usual exhibits were made at the Brandon Agricultural and Horticultural shows. The Department of the Interior was also supplied with a large quantity of grain and grasses for the use of their immigration offices. liFA'ORT GF MR. S. A. BEDFORD m SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FAEMERS' MEETINGS. The farmers' meetings attended by me during the year had much larger audiences than usual, and the interest in the work of the experimental farms has in no wise abated. During the year meetings were attended and addresses given at the following places : — Blythe, December 14, 1!)0.3. Brandon. January 36, 190-1. Morris, January 29, 1904. Bradwardine, February 5, 3904. Minnedosa, February 11, 1904. Brandon, February 18, 1904. Winnipeg. February 24 to 26, 1904. Oak Lake, I^Iarch 3, 1904. YISITOES. Owing to the Assiniboine river overflowing its banks, the road to the farm was im- passable for some weeks in the spring, and as a consequence the number of visitors this year was not as large as usual, about 7,350 persons visited the farm during the year, as compared with 12,000 during 1902-3. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES. Months. Highest temperature. Lowest temperature. Total rainfall. Total snowfall. Total amount of sunshine. 1903. Day. Deg. 2 38 7 34 27 35 G 33 30 77 28 78 16 83 23 84 11 88 7 77 11 G9 2 67 Day. Deg. lo -32 24 - 43 8 -39 2 -9 15 9 14 21 6 SG 6 36 7 36 26 26 5 15 30 11 Inches. Inches. 11 8 27 43 6 Hours. 769 1901. 103 1 February 130 136 186 2G1 235 299 228 151 133 140 2 0 1-72 102 3-24 176 2-21 •82 •42 4 May 7 8 Julv 3 1 August 0 2 October . . 6 8 11 19 1 98 2,081-8 CORRESPOXDEXCE. The amount of correspondence shows a rapid increase this year, as 5,300 letters were received and 3,528 desijatehed, irrespective of circulars sent out. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, S. A. BEDFORD, Superintendent. I I 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1905 EEPORT OF AXGUS MACKAY, SUPERINTENDENT. Experimental Farm, Ixdun Head, N.W.T., November 30, 1904. Dr. Wm. Saunders, Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have tiie honour to submit to you the seventeenth annual report of the operations of the Experimental Farm for the North-west Territories at Indian Head, Assiniboia, during the year 190-1. The past season, for grain growers throughout the Territories, has been a success in many districts, while in others it has been very disappointing. The winter was exceptionally fine up to the middle of January, when cold weather set in and continued up to April, with heavy falls of snow. Seeding started late in April, and the soil being wet, very little was sown before the first week in May. Fine weather continued throughout May, and grain all came up evenly, and never made a more promising start; in fact, on well cultivated farms the growth early in June v.^as too rank, and required a set-back for profitable returns. This s<3t-back came in the form of dry, hot weather from June 10 to July 13, when a general rain set in and relieved all fears for the crop so far as moisture was concerned. Wheat harvest commenced the last week in August, but was not general till Sep- tember 1, and in many districts frost came on the night of September 10 while con- siderable grain was still standing, although in all districts the large bulk was in stook. Drizzling rain retarded harvest work considerably, and continued up to the second week in October, when fine threshing weather set in, and from then to November 23 nothing could excel the wonderfully fine weather experienced throughout the whole of the Territories. CROPS ON THE EXPl^RniEXTAL FARM. The crops on the experimental farm have seldom been better, more uniform, of better quality, or more easily secured than during the past season. Leaving out a few of the varieties tested, which will be referred to when reached, the returns have been very satisfactory, and the quality above the average. In no case was the straw as heavy or long as in many previous years, and in only a few places was the grain lodged, or down in the least. The heads, however, were both large and well filled. Rust, which did injury in parts of Manitoba, did not reach the dangerous stage in the Territories before the grain was ready to cut. On the experimental farm prac- tically no harm was done. While rust appeared on the leaves of the wheat, the grain was too far advanced for the crop to be injured. Wheat, oats and barley were all in stook when frost visited the country on the night of September 10. Pease were in a good many cases not ripe, and were more or k-ss injured. The yields of all varieties were good, however. 411 412 EXrEHI-VEX TAL FAIi21 !^ 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EXPERIMENTS WITH WHEAT. Thirtj^-six varieties Vvere tested on 1-20 acre plots. In no case was the straw heavy, while in many sorts it was light. All were sown hy hoe drill on April 29 on fallowed land; li bushels seed was sown per acre, the soil being clay loam. Preston was the first plot sown and among the first cut, and in this, as well as in the field tests, it was in stook before Red Fife was ripe, though the varieties were sown within a few hours of each other. In this test Preston was cut on August 24 and Red Fife on September 6, a differ- ence of thirteen days in favour of the former. SPRING WHEAT TEST OP VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Monarch Advance White Russian Powers Fife (Minn. 149) McKendry's Fife (Minn. 181K . . Minnesota, Xo. KiS Australian, No. I'J . . Red Fife Laurel Wellman's Fife Stanley Benton Clyde... Australian, No. 'J Chester Percy Vv'eldon Countess Hayne's Blue Stem (Minn. 169). Preston Red Fern White Fife Admiral Huron I E.irly Riga iDawn I Byron ( Rio Grande Hastings Pringle's Champlain Colorado Crawford Hungarian Herisson Bearded Plumper Fraser Date of Ripen- ing. Aug. 31 , 31 Sept. 3 6 Aug. 25 M 25 Sept. 1 Aug. 31 . 27 , 27 Sept. 5 Aug. 25 Sept. 8 Aug. 24 M 31 Sept. 6 Aug. 25 M 25 „ 20 „ 24 M 22 Sept. 3 Aug. 25 Sept. Aug. 28 1 M 25 „ 31 Sept. 3 Aug. 31 .. 25 124 124 127 129 132 130 131 130 129 130 118 118 125 124 120 120 129 lis 132 117 124 130 118 118 113 117 115 127 118 127 121 118 124 127 124 118 33 It! In. 40 Strong 36 37 41 3G 30 37 36 42 37 36 34 40 38 33 39 38 35 41 36 37 37 35 35 28 28 32 37 33 36 33 31 33 34 31 30 Kind of Head. Weiglit of Straw. Bald Bearded Bald '. '. Bearded Bald . . . Bearded Bald . . . Bearded Bald ... I Bearded \ Lbs. 3,540 3,480 2,590 2,320 3.300 4,120 4.640 3,900 3,780 4,900 2,515 3,445 3,210 3,600 2,620 3.29.1. 2,860 3,095 3,000 3,600 2,955 4,020 2,330 2,455 2,515 2,335 2,175 3,400 2,050 2,400 3,160 2,400 2,860 2,960 2,530 1,885 Yield per Acre. 1 1-^ 50 20 49 45 48 50 48 40 45 30 45 20 44 20 43 o 42 50 42 50 42 25 42 15 41 50 41 40 41 10 41 5 40 20 40 5 40 — 39 40 38 45 38 40 38 10 36 o 35 45 34 25 33 0 32 45 32 20 31 25 31 5 30 — 29 50 28 uo 27 50 27 35 Weight per Bushel. J Lbs. 03i 59" 604 63i^ 621 C2i 62" 621 62 62i 64 63 62 63.1 C5k 63 63^ 63 60^ 65 64i 63S 64i 64" 62 65 64i 64 G4i 65 64 64 66 63i 65" TEST OF V.\RIETIES IX FIELD LOTS. In this test eight sorts were used. Red Fife, Preston, Stanley and Percy were sown on new land which had been fallowed; Red Fife, Laurel, Wellman's Fife, White Fife and Huron were on old land fallowed previous year. All were sown by hoe drill at the rate of 1^ bushels per acre. In this test Huron heads the list in yield, as it has done in the past three years under the same conditions, and as Huron is equal to Red Fife or Preston in mining RIJI'ORT OF .1/A*. wars .1/.1(/\MI 413 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 qualities, and, like Preston, is earlier than Eed Fife, it is worthy of trial in many sec- tions of country. Like Preston, Huron is a cross-bred variety. White Pife and Ladoga being the parents. Preston's parents were Ked Fife and Ladoga. to ti) be c i C5 a; "o u o 5 1 ^1 Character Kind of < t. Name of Variety. ^S ^S „ of Straw. Head. 0 bo 3 irr^ o o be tX) n i« CS N rt "S c a c 0) 'A o •Jl fi Q % kI a >^ Acres 6 Inches 3 i 1 Lbs. Clav a fq h^ 1 Huron, Old land. . loani. 2 May 4 Aug. 30 ns: 38 Strong. . ., 3i Bearded 42 47 63 2 White Fife >■ „ 2 4 Sept. 9 128 43 „ 3a Bald . . . 42 30 6H 3 Laurel u 6 April 30 II 7 130; 44 Medium, . 4 41 30 (« 4 Well'Mi's Fife „ 3 May 4 8 127i 45 Strong. . . 4 41 4 63 5 Red Fife 10 2 8 129 42 3* 40 57 63i 0 Red Fife, New land 5 April 29 5 129; 37 3J 39 35 62i 7 Stanley „ 5 „ 30 Aug. 28 120' 44 31 38 20 60 S Preston h 7 „ 28 II 20 120, 37 3^ Bearded 38 63i 9j Percy ., 4 M 30 1. 30 122 30 3 Bald . . . 31 22 63| i WHEAT — FIELD LOTS. Variety. Cultivation. Acres. Yield per Acre. Total Yield. 1 0 3 4 Huron White Fife Laurel Weliman's Fife Fallow . 11 2 2 f! 3 10 5 5 7 4 Bush. Lbs. 42 47 42 30 41 30 41 4 40 57 39 35 38 20 38 .. 31 22 Bush. Lbs. 85 34 85 .. 249 .. 123 12 6 i 9 Red Fife Red Fife Stanley Preston Percy 409 30 197 55 191 40 266 .. 125 28 44 i 1,733 19 Or an aserage of 39 bushels, 23 lbs. per acre. 414 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 >. w O M H O >J Q 1/ 0; 2 ■> s< Is 0) _ too (5 •2 <^ 2 £ a 3 '^ 5: ^. ■eft 73 ^ C vJ fi ^ ^ il <:« ''^ S O « ° i; ^ i 2^ . -4^- Pi "^ c3 p; 0) be "3 13 c t; ,-. 3 '" o c TO flj fl »3 05 (ii rt a> i* o 00 U «4-i T* =*-< « " a rt a; 5 i:§ 8 O cj J*, ^ c! "•■ ■5 >>f ^ O g .0| i 3T ? > '4-1 0^ M '-' O ea -— CO -d i ?=. : : -r ■ • 1.0 • • CO • • 1, • • CO • • g : : CO • • b 0) 01. S ji ^>^ ai 3 M 0 • • h- • • r^ • • M • • r-l • • l^ • • ^t) . . eo • • a ■ ■ CO • • Tfi . . CO • •f J!jT P^H ^ ; ; 0 • • -** '■ 01 • • u-cm HHiJ[ «Al!(]; I-H • ■ T^ ra* • •' ■*n '• '• -+♦ • -+)■ • ■ '3jn)'B(U 0) 8^isp P3 : §3 ■ '. r-l • • CI • • -r ■ • C5 . . i§ : : JO '0^ oiJtjjaAY tH • • r-4 • • iH ■ • .-( • ■ iH • • i 1'- 0 ■ • OJ • • 1- • . -r . . ci • • (Tl • • 01 • • "-r . * 'c h^ .Ei j^ >^ '{i 0 • ■ CO • • CO • • j-l ■ ■ (M • • .-1 ■ . i __M_ M CO • • CO • • CO • • .rti . . ■^ . . 1— 1 ci 0 • co'o '• dco' 1N ; CO(N COCO ; CO ; 1 r—t , ' «— 1 ,—1 rm~i ■ ■r" 4-s ^ "C tO__; ■j:; bb • 'u be ■ >> to ■ t^-i '■ S-r-o f^^S 2. SfM t5 3CO ,e8 a-N. ■1< ; •Zi, '■ ;!;gi i 1-CCO • dr-I • i-c CO • oil- '■ 1 r—* _^ ^^ ,__, t—» * <— • . I * 'V. 'k 'C ti) • 'E be ■ 'C br_- 'u bb • 'i-* t? • -^ — x C 3 1^ C- = Lr ^=555 i^^^i;: ». r''-! "i" <-Y^ "l-llS <»:-<2 «^ <;. bb • 'w bo • ^^e _J!lS_ A■ ti • >■■ bjb • >. tc • >• bb • >.bc '• X tb ■ «3 31- ci s -r c3 eVi c« SOS ce 5^0 tS 3CO ^■5 Id P.<° g-TiS 1>H "i 0 S-5S 1^<^ 1 fl dJ ?> C 3j m c i; « C (jj M . : cC ci "0? be ^ bo bo 0 0 0 0 -a -3 ""0 CJ >. 1^ T3 .2 C 3 s c5 'C C3 C3 Cl 1) c3 <1> 0) ID > S E £ i:^ 0; •2 T3 TS 01. E OJ V x:. M ^ -C > -'" u ti !? 3 C ^_ ¥^ — ■ a) • Ph 0 Ji >, 3 0 B -n ^ 1 0 3 "3 REPORT OF MR. AXGVS MACKAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FOUR YEARS TEST OF FALLOAV AGAINST STUBBLE FOR GKO^\^^'G WHEAT In this test Eed Fife wheat was used. 415 Cultivation. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. Fallow Stubble. Bush. Lbs. 49 38 32 Bush. Lbs. .^2 40 25 Bush . Lbs. 35 49 10 Bush . Lbs. 40 57 31 28 Difference 10 8 7 40 19 49 9 29 Difference in four years in favour of fallow, 47 bushels 0 lbs. Or an average of 11 bu?hels 46 lbs. per year. SPKIXG WHEAT. TEST OF FERTILIZERS. Six plots of 1-40 acre each were sown on ^tfay 16 with Eed Fife wheat, with hoe drill, at the rate of li bushels per acre. Although very little difference could be seen in the growth of straw, there was considerable variation in both straw and grain when threshed. The land was fallowed the previous year, the soil being clay loam. SPRIXG WHEAT — TEST OF FERTILIZERS. Xanip of Variet}'. Plot No. 1 — Nitrate of soda, 100 lbs. per acre (half sown when grain was 2 in. high, balance when 0 in. high). . Plot No. 2 — Nitrate of soda, 200 ibs. per acre (half sown when grain was 2 in. high, balance when 0 in. high). .| Plot No. 3 — Superphosphate No. 1, 400 lbs. per acre (sown before grain and harrowed ! Plot No. 4 — Check plot, unfertilized j Plot No. 5 — Muriate of jxjtash, 200 lbs. per acre (sown before grain and harrowed) I Plot No. G— Superphosphate No. 1, 200 lbs. per acre ;' muriate of potash, 10<3 lbs. per acre ; Hitrate of soda,' 100 lbs. per acre (half sown before grain and harrowed, balance when the grain was 2 in. high) Sept. 9. „ 9. ,. 9. ,. 9. ,, 9. In. I no' 46 no; 46 116 116 116 116 44 45 Character of Straw. Strong: In. H Lbs. 3,040 3k 2,640 a,-< 23 1-5 2S 40 23 3,100 29 20 2,860: 26 20 I 3,160 29 .. 3,280 31 40 COMPARLSON OF RESULTS FOR THREE TEARS OF FERTILIZER TEST. No. of Plot. 1901. 19':t2. 1903. 1901. Average for 3 years. Plot No. 1 Bush. Lbs. 61 20 .58 40 52 02 40 05 20 05 20 Bush. Lbs. 23 30 40 20 40 20 20 30 40 Rusted Bush. Lbs. 28 40 23 29 20 20 20 29 31 40 Bush. Lbs. 39 20 Plot No. 2 37 27 Plot No. 3 30 Plot No. 4 (untreated) 39 27 Plot No. 5.' Plot No. 6 41 40 43 416 EXl'ERIM EX TA L FA RM S 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 On account of all the plots being destroyed by rust in 1903, comparison can only be made for the three years. From these it will be seen that plot No. 6 (treated with superphosphate No. 1, mnriate of potash and nitrate of soda) gave the best results. SMUT TEST. Three plots of Eed Fife wheat were sown in this test — one untreated, one treated with bluestone at the rate of 1 lb. to 10 bushels of seed, and one treated with formalin, 6 oz. formalin to 10 bushels of seed, 10 gallons of water being used in each case. The seed treated with bluestone was dipped one minute; that with formaline 5 minutes. Not a single head of smut was found in either of the three plots, showing that the sea-son was not favourable to smut. TEST OF EMMER AND SPELT. Two varieties of Emnier and two of Spelt were sown on one-fortieth acre plots, by hoe drill, on fallowed land, clay loam, and Common Emmer was also sown on one acre lot. It will be noticed that in yield of both straw and grain, the Common Emmer gave much the best results. EMMER AND SPELT — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Date of Sowing. Date of Ripen- ing. Sept. 9. „ 14. ., 12. -, 14. „ 13. be cS Char- acter of Straw. o "&) Kind of Head. Weight of Straw. Yield per Acre. April 29 „ 29 >, 29 „ 29 Sept. 5. „ 3. Aug. 31. Sept. 5. 129 127 124 129 In. 44 39 38 39 Strong. . In. 3 2i 2.i Bearded Lbs. 3,850 2,910 3,655 4,655 Bush. Lb.s. 47 50 43 20 43 5 41 45 Lbs 65 62Ji 64 4 Yellow Gharnovka. . . 64 SUMMER FALLOWS. In view of the great importance of properly preparing land for crops, and of the large number of new settlers coming into the country, I make no excuse for repeating ■%^- ^«iv*i ^^ %Ns. Cutting Western Rve Grass. Cocking Bro.mk Hay. Experimental Farm, Indian Head, N.W.T. ni:i'<)irr of mr. axgus hack ay 417 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 what was said in uiy last two reports respecting summer-fallows, and breaking np and cultivating new prairie laud. It is very gratifying to know that throughout the Territories, summer-fallowiug is rapidly becoming general. No matter where farming is carried on, the farmers realize that to be sure of a crop they must prepare a portion of their land the year before the crop is grown, and apart from the value of the stored moisture, there is the inestimable advantage of keeping weeds from overrunning the farm. The true worth of properly prepared fallows has been clearly demonstrated in past years in every grain -growing district of Assiniboia. The work of preparing land for crop by fallowing is carried on in so many ways in different parts of the Territories, that perhaps a few words on some of the methods em- ployed may he of help to at least some of the new settlers. It has been observed in Alberta and Saskatchewan that the land to be fallowed is not, as a rule, touched until the weeds are full grown and in many cases, bearing fully matured seed. It is then ploughed. By this method, which, no doubt, saves work at the time, the very object of a sum- njer-fallow is defeated. In the Urst place, moisture is not conserved because the land has been pumped dry by the heavy growth of weeds; and, secondly, instead of using the summer-fallow as a means of eradicating weeds, a foundation is laid for years of labour and expense by the mj'riads of foul seeds turned under. The endless fields of yellow-flowered weeds, generally Ball Mustard (Neslia pani- culata), testify to the indifferent work done in many districts, and w'hile no weed is more easily eradicated by a good system of fallows, there is no weed that is more easily propagated or takes greater advantage of poor work on fallows or of fall or spring cultivation. As has been pointed out in my previous reports, early and thorough work on fal- lows is absolutely necessary to success, and I here repeat the methods and results of tests carried on for some years past. First Method. — Ploughed deep (6 to 8 inches) before last of June; surface culti- vated during the growing season, and just before or immediately after harvest ploughed 5 or 6 inches deep. Ilesult. — -Too much late growth if season was at all wet ; grain late in ripening, and a large crop of weeds if the grain was in any way injured by winds. Second Method. — Ploughed shallow (3 inches deep) before the last of June ; sur- face cultivated during the growing season, and ploughed shallow (3 to 4 inches deep) in the autumn. Kesult. — Poor crop in a dry year; medium crop in a wet year. Xot sufficiently stirred to en.ible .soil to retain the moisture. Third Method. — Ploughed shallow (3 inches) before the last of June; surface cul- tivated during the growing season, and ploughed deep (7 to 8 inches) in the autumn. Kesult. — Soil too loose and does not retain moisture. Crop light and weedy in a dry year. O'ourth Method. — Ploughed deep (7 to 8 inches) before the last of June ; surface cultivated during the growing season. Jlesult. — Sufficient moisture conserved for a dry year, and not too mucli for a wet one. Few or no weeds, as all the seeds near the surface have germinated and been killed. Surface soil apt to blow more readily than when either of the other methoT OF VARIETIES. Porty-two varieties were sown on May 7, on 1-20 acre plots (excepting three, which were on 1-40 acre), by hoe drill at the rate of two bushels per acre. The soil was clay loam, fallowed during the preceding season. In all the early ripening varie- ties the yield was reduced by blackbirds, both before being cut and while in stook. Name of Variety. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 i 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Banner Irish Victor Golden Tartarian .... Waverlev Milford Black. Dani.sh Island Kendal White Golden Giant Pioneer Goldfinder White Giant American Triumph . . . Columbus Abundance Storm King Golden Beauty Pen>e Black Milfnrd White Olive Black Twentieth Century . . . Scotch Potato Pense White American Beautj' Kendal Black Bavarian Siberian Golden Fleece [Swedish Select Im]>roved Ligowo . . . . Sensation .Joanette Early Golden Prolific . Holstein Prolific Improved American . *Black Beauty Lincoln * Wide Awake *Thousand Dollar *Mennonite *Buckbee's Illinois. . . . *01ive White *Tartar King , Ac. -A ^ Aug. 26. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. 3. 27. 27. 3. 20. 29. 26. 28. 28. 27. 28. 27. 2. 28. 2. 25. 28. 29. 27. 2. 27. 28. 1. 23, 25. 22. 3. 27. 27. 27. 20. 28. 27. 22, 22 23 22 24 >,6p a o 111 I 112 I 119 112 118 I 112 112 119 105 114 111 113 113 112 113 112 118 113 118 no 113 114 112 118 112 113 117 108 110 107 119 112 112 112 105 113 112 107 107 108 107 109 In. 42 44 42 50 45 45 42 47 42 41 42 40 40 45 41 41 46 44 47 45 45 43 42 44 40 50 45 41 42 41 35 44 42 43 43 41 11 43 47 46 46 45 c« O O Strong. ^K In. Kind of Head. Branching Sided Branching Sided. .... Branching Sided'.'.... Branching Sided Branching Sided Branching; Sided Branching. Sided...... Branching . Sided...... Branching. 8 Sided..... 8 Branching Sided. 2,820 4,400 4,740 4,960 4,480 3,740 5,040 4,820 5,440 3,440 4,280 2,320 2,000 4,420 6,220 4,040 5,800 4,320 5,320 4,620 4,120 6,220 3,940 4,020 3,440 5.320 6,000 5,580 4,100 2,720 4,380 3,240 2,380 4, .520 4, .500 4,680 3,320 4,600 4,000 4,400 2,040 3,650 Yield per ij2^ Acre. .5f " Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 123 28 102 17 101 26 101 21 101 13 98 28 98 28 98 28 98 18 97 22 97 2 95 30 94 19 93 23 93 19 93 3 92 21 90 20 89 32 89 14 87 22 87 2 86 11 84 4 83 18 82 12 82 7 SO 30 80 15 80 5 79 14 78 28 78 13 76 1 75 30 75 25 75 5 73 3 71 26 71 6 69 26 69 .. 41 4H 38i 42i 38Jr 411 41' 36 39.1 38' 41 40i 37^ 41 39 41 42 40 41h 40" 40 42 40 39i 38' 40 42 43 44 35i 40i 40" 40i 36i 42 43 41i 39 40 39| 38^ I ^ The plots of these varieties were badly eaten by blackbirds, both before and after being cut. OATS — FIELD LOTS. Nine varieties were sown from May 6 to 13, by hoe drill, at the rate of two bushels per acre. Soil, clay loam, fallowed. Banner oats were also sown on Brome sod, broken and back-set the previous year after a crop of hay had been taken off. The effects of the dry, hot weather were realized when the binders started. The field of 50 acres, in which six of the nine sorts were sown, was surrounded by hedges, and for 100 feet inside these the straw was much heavier, caused by the large quantity of snow lo3 3(i0 358 353 G30 i 4,589 2 9 24 22 33 18 8 23 Or an average of 76 bushels, 16 lbs. per acre. COMPARISOX OF FIELD LOTS OF OATS FOR LAST FOUR YEARS. Date of ripening' and yield of nine varieties of oats grown in field lots under the same conditions. Variety. Banner Abundance Wide Av.'ake Improved Ligowo Thousand Dollar. Goldfinder Tartar King Waverley Black Beauty 1901. Date ripe. Aug. 19 P3 117 22124 151 96 83 92 104 104 94 93 20 10 1902. Date ripe. Aug. 21 ,, 23 „ 23 „ 25 Sept. 2 „ 2 Aug. 20 „ 25 Sept. 5 12 1903. Date ripe. Aug. 25 29 25 25 31 31 22 27 31 3 ^ M t^ 119 2 106 .. 98 14 87 .. 93 8 91 21 86 12 82 3 1904. Date ripe. .\ug. 26 M 27 Sept. 1 1 Aug. 27 30 27 27 97 13 Sept. 3 Aver- pq iJ 102 6 96 32 91 17 79 30 80 11 89 16 86 16 82 1 89 7 422 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 FOUR YEARS TEST OF FALLOW AGAINST STIBBLE FOR GROWING OATS. In this test Banner oats were used. Cul ti vat ion. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. Fallow Bush. Lbs. 117 97 32 19 2 Bush . Lbs. 87 32 26 51 8 Bush. Lbs. 119 2 47 12 Bush . Lbs. So 24 Stubble 70 24 Difference . 71 24 15 Difference in four years in favour of fallow, IGO bushels; or an average of 40 bushels per year. OATS — SMUT TEST. Three plots were sown in this test : (1) Treated with hluestone, 1 pound to 10 bushels of seed; (2) Formalin, 6 ounces to 10 bushels, and (3) untreated. No smut could be found in cither of the three plots. EXPERIMENTS WITH BAKLEY. TEST OF VARIETIES. This test consisted of 19 varieties of two-rowed and 20 varieties of six-rowed barley. All were sown on fallowed land. On May 14, by hoe drill, at the rate of two bushels of seed per acre. Soil, clay loam. All varieties gave large yields, but were coloured by rains. TWO ROWED BARLEY — TEST OF VARIETIES. xn U 3 Dat R of C.5 «4^ o "o Weight Yield &« Name of Variety. Ripening. 25 "& "Sj of Straw. per Acre. X. tiD g Is 33 1-^ 6 s £ ^ In. In. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Lbs. 1 Sept. 3.. 3.. 112 112 33 35 Strong 2J .3' 3,610 3,835 • 67 67 9 4 52^ 2 Invincible 53i 53l 3 Swedis-h Chevalier „ 1 . 110 34 It . 3^ 4,510 63 16 4 Primus Aug. 27.. 105 33 M 3 3,8(;5 62 24 55 5 Princess Sept. 6.. 115 34 ti . 3i 3,020 60 20 54 f. Hauncher Aug. 30.. 108 33 » . 3 4,080 CO 20 55 Dani.«h Chevalier Sept. / . . 11 f) .^3 M . n 3,200 59 8 b\\ 8 Frencli Chevalier M 1 . ■ 116 .32 ■ 1 . 4 3,200 58 16 51 9 Canadian Thorpe Aug. 31.. 109 37 M . 3 3,460 55 40 52 10 P'ulton . 20.. 98 35 11 . 2i 3,855 50 45 503 11 Beaver Sept. 7. . 116 34 tl . 4 4,940 50 45 51 v^ Gordon Aug. 22.. 100 40 M . 24 2,345 49 23 50 IS ;; 22.. 20,. 100 98 37 36 „ 3 3^ .3,705 2,830 49 48 23 46 • 51i 14 Sidney 53 15 Clifford " 21.. 22.. 99 100 34 40 J, 3i 3 3,890 4,915 48 47 46 29 51.', 16 Logan 5U 17 Dunham ,, 23 101 32 II .3i, 2,325 46 2"/ 53 18 .Tarvis ,, 22.. 100 38 II . 3^ .3,685 46 27 51 19 Newton Sei)t. 5.. 114 33 '4 4,420 40 5H UEI'ORT 01' MR. AXCliS M AVE AY 423 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 SIX-nOWED BARLKY — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Nogent Claude Stella Argryle Common Yale Odessa Reniiie's Improved. Summit Brome Baxter . Royal Oderbruch Empire Mansfield Troo|>er Garfield Albert Mensury Champion Date of Ripening. Aug. 20. 19. 20. 17. 13. 21. 16. IG. 10. 19. 1(). 15. 14. 19. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 12. In. 98 29 97 .34 98 34 95 37 91 30 99 34 94 31 94 35 97 31 97 32 94 28 93 32 92 32 97 35 93 33 93 34 93 35 93 33 93 37 90 33 Strong. In. Weight of Straw. Lbs. 3.180 3,390 3,160 2,740 3,000 4,120 3,660 3,010 3,830 3,220 3,650 2,760 .3,245 3,800 2,915 3,210 2,4.55 .3,000 2,710 2,880 Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 67 (56 65 64 64 64 62 62 61 60 59 58 57 57 57 57 53 53 53 41 41 36 26 X 2: ~£2 Lbs. 52 5]^ 534 52f 53 52h 51" 53^ 53 52 53 514 b3h 50| 5U 51i 52i 494 47i BARLEY — FIELD LOTS. In this test nine varieties were used, five of six-rowed and four of two-rowed sorts. Mensury, Odessa, Eoyal, Mansfield and Sidney were sown on fallow, by hoe drill, two bushels of seed per acre. Claude was sown on corn land, and Invincible, Standwell and Canadian Thorpe on Brome sod broken after a crop of hay was taken off. and back-set late in the fall. Soil, clay loam. The dates of breaking and back-setting are given below, and show that to be suc- cessful early work is required. Variety. Invincible Canadian Thor]ie Standwell Broken. 4-8 July .... 4-10 August 7-10 Backset. 17-20 August. 26-28 September. 3-7 NovembiT. Name of Variety. pu Cultivation.! o 1 ^ransfield 2 Mensury 3 Royal 4 Invincible 5 Claude. . . 6 Odessa 7 Sidney 8 Canadian Thorpe 9 Sundwell. Fallow Backsetting, Brome-sod . Corn land . . Fallow Backsetting, Brome-sod. Date of Sowing. 2i Mav 13. 4 I ..' 12. 2 n 13. 7. 7. 13. 16. 14. 14. Date of Ri[)en'g. Aug. 23. ., 22. ., 20. ■^- kc '^ Char- acter of Straw. In. 102j 28,Stron£ 102 34| „ 99 24! .. 25. 110 20. 105 24.1 103 25. 101 26. 104 26. 104 22f 30 28 33| 20! 24| be « Kind of Head. In. 2^ Six-rowed . 2i „ "i 2i Two-rowed 3 j Six-rowed . 2i' 3|; Two-rowed Yield I>er Acre. P3 1-^ 56 32 55 41 55 25 55 10 53 22 .53 18 43 42 52 Lbs 524 52" 52 534 50 52 53 52 424 EXrEIUMEy TIL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 BARLEY CROP AND AVERAGE YIELD. Variety. Mansfield ? Fallow Mensury. . Roj^al Invincible i Backsetting, Broine-sod , Cultivation. Claude Odessa . . ; Sidney Canadian Thorpe Standvvell Corn land Fallow Backsetting, Brome-sod. Acres. 4 2 2i 2i 54 4i 5" 6 34 Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 56 32 55 41 55 25 55 10 53 22 53 18 43 42 29 2C) 4 Total Yield. Bush. Lbs. 127 24 22.3 20 111 2 124 10 • 183 31 293 27 107 21 145 .. 150 24 1,513 15 Or an average of 44 bushels and 23 lbs. per acre. COMPARISON OF FIELD LOTS OF BARLEY FOR THE LAST FOUR YEARS. Date of ripening and yield of nine varieties of barley grown in field lots under the same conditions. Variety. 1. Mensury 2. Odessa 3. Mansfield 4. Riiyal 5. Claude . 6. Invincible 7. Standwell 8. Sidney 9. Canadian Thorpe 1901. Date ripe. Aug. 10 11 14 12 11 22 22 15 18 c3 .a 59 40 58 40 "57 4 "63 16 66 12 49 32 48 16 60 10 44 .. 1902. Date ripe. Aug. 24 H 24 „ 24 Sept. 4 Aug. 26 Sept. 6 6 1 1 pq 1-3 *51 12 •'65 . . *57 44 56 .. *60 32 63 16 49 24 66 .. 68 36 1903. Date ripe. Aug. 12 12 25 10 25 28 25 21 21 m 1-3 1904. Date ripe. 56 12 48 28 50 .. 67 3 66 .. 59 25 63 20 54 20 53 39 Aus 55 41 53 IS 56 32 55 25 53 22 55 10 20 4 43 42 29 .. Average 55 38 56 21 55 20 60 23 63 4 50 45 4(5 40 56 6 48 43 *These yields are from the uniform test plots, as there were no field lots of the varieties in the year in question. FOUR YEARS TEST OF FALLOW AGAINST STUBBLE FOR GROWING BARLEY. The same variety cannot be given for the four years, as diflferent sorts of barley •were sown on stubble each year : — Variety Sown. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. Sidney. Rennie's Improved. Canadian Thorpe. Bush. Lbs. 53 39 20 40 Mensury. Fallow . . . Bu?li. Lbs. ()0 10 50 36 Bush. Lbs. .51 26 12 Bush. Lbs. 55 41 37 24 Difference 9 22 24 36 32 47 18 76 Difference in favour of Fallow in 4 years, 85 bushels 26 lbs. Or an average of 21 bushels, 6 lbs per year. REPORT OF MR. A^'GlS MACEAY 425 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 BARLEY — SMUT TEST. Bluestoned, Forrualined and untreated seed was sown of barley, the same as in ■v>heat. and oats. The result was, no smut whatever, in either treated or untreated plots. EOTATION OF CROPS. The rotation test commenced in 1899 was continued the past year. As soon as crops were taken off in fall of 1903, each half acre was ploughed and harrowed. Before seeding in the spring the land was cultivated by cultivator or gang plow. Soil, clay loam. Sown at the rate of 1-J bushels of wheat, and 2 bushels of barley and oats per acre by hoe drill. The leguminous crops were ploughed under as they obtained their best growth. ROTATION CROPS. The following rotation has been carried out since 1899 on half-acre plots. Since 1899, two rotations have been completed, the order of the plots in 1902, 1903 and 1901 be'ing the same as in 1899, 1900 and 1901 respectively : — No. 1899 and 1902. 1900 and 1903. 1901 and 1904. 1 2 Wheat Oats Wheat Oats Wheat Barley Wheat Soja Beans. 3 4 5 (; 7 g Pease Tares Soja Beans Red Clover. Alsike and Lucern. Wheat. Oats. 9 Red Clover Wheat 10 Barlev 11 Kape Wheat 12 ,, 13 14 15 16 Oats Barley Wheat Barlev .... II Oats. 17 18 Oats Wheat Soja Beans Pease Wheat. 19 Oats Tares Red Clover Alsike and Lucern 20 Wheat 21 Barley Rye . . . 22 i 426 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Rotation Test. — Results obtained in 1904. Plots, -J acre each. Soil, clay loam. Name of Variety. Soja Beans Pease Tares Red Clover Alsike and Lucem Wheat. Red Fife.. Oats, Banner Wheat, Red Fife. Barley, Mensury. Suinnier-fallow.. . Oats, Banner Wheat! IRed Fife . Mav 18. 18. 18.. I 28.. 28.. 1 4.. Sept. 13.. 13.. 3.. >.C J; o<^ I to Character of Straw. In. Kind of Head. In. 13. Auer. 20. May 13.. „ 13. 3.. 3.. 3.. 3.. 3.. 3.. Sept. Ploughed under Aug. 6. fi. ,. Oct. 3. 3. 3. Strong 3 124| 35 111 39 111! 38 125j 35 1)9 30 111 111 .').. 125 125 125 125 125 125 Stronc Bald... .. Branchinp 2^* Bald . . . 2i G-ro\ved 7 IBranching. 31 Bald. 3 3 3 3 ok Yield I>er Acre. n 31 2-i 70 24 47 28 29 2 37 24 82 14 50 20 39 12 30 8 3G .. 32 G 28 54 3G .. EXPERIMENTS WITH PEASE. Thirty-one varieties of pease were tested on one-twentieth acre plots, on fallowed land, sown by hoe drill, on May 10, at the rate of 2 bushels of small, 2i bushels medium and 3 bushels of large pease per acre. Soil, clay loam. While all varieties gave large yields, nearly all were late in maturing, caused by the moist weather in August. Nine varieties were badly injured by frost on the night of September 10, .and eight others more or less injured, leaving 14 that matured properly. In addition to the uniform plots, White Wonder and Arthur, two early, medium sized sorts were sown 1^ acres of the former and 2^ acres of ihe latter), on fallowed land by hoe drill on May IT. Both sorts were entirely ripe when frost came, and the yield and sample satisfactory. test of c^rdek pe.vse in field plots. To ascertain the yield of garden pease sown by grain drill, 8 varieties were sown alongside the uniform test plots of field i^ease on May 16. on plots of one-twentieth acre. Champion of England being a very late variety, did not ripen before the frost came. All the others did so, giving good yields. Eollov/ing were the yields per acre : — REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY 427 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 • Bush. Laxton's Charmer 5S llorsford's Maiket Garden 52 American Wonder 50 Stratagem 48 Shropsliire Hero 48 Premium Gem . . . 42 Champion of Eiiiilaiid 42 Alaska 41 Lb3. 40 40 40 20 PEASE — TE.ST OF \ARIETIES. Name of Varietv. Date of |c« 5 Character Eipening. ; ° = i of Growth. Picton Sf Prussian Blue i Daniel O'Rourke Prince j Agnes f Black Eyed Marrowfat [ Pride I Crown i White Wonder | Archer ' Arthur i German White i Paragon . . . .• j Chancellor ! Carleton I English Grey Pearl... ^ j Golden Vine ... I Earlj' Britain j Large White Marrowfat Diike I Wisconsin Blue | King I Mummy Nelson Kent I Mackay ... Gregory Prince Albert Victoria Macoun l.t. 9. <). 5. 10. 7 . 1(). 10. 4. 1. 10. S. 10. 13. 9. 18. 11. 11 4. !) 12. 14. 9. 14. il. 9 17. 17. 11. 10. 14 17. 110, Strong. 11 Ci „ 112. M J 18; M . 114! ,r . 123' M . 117: .. . lUi „ . 108j „ 117 ., . llol „ . 117 120 IKi 12:j 118 118 111 110 1111 l-'l 110 121 llGi iicl 124| 124 iLs! 117| 121 1241 t'^ [tc'o i Size of Pea. In. In. GO 70, CO' 55! 50 (:5! Si 00 72| 55' 55! 65; 60; 55' GO. 00 45' 05 70: 75 00! CO; 50 1 55 G5{ G5 GOl 55] 05 go! 2] I Medium. 2 i „ 2i! Small. . . . 2i: „ 2§; Large... 3 I 2.',; Small.... 2"! 21 ] Large . . . 2|! Medium. 2 Large . . 2.1 Medium. 3'. „ 3 j Small.... 2 !]Mf'dium 2j:L.irsc .. 2iMefiii:m. 2':Sniall .. 2 i 2j:Large . SiModium 2i!Small . . . 2il „ 2-| ,. _ ;■; 3 Midiuni. 2 I „ 24- Large . . . t-'l Medium 2 ISmall . . 2 Medium. Yield |:S:q per Aero j.^i. = J Lb: OS 07 07 00 05 13 (i■^ G2 02 01 01 01 01 59 58 55 55 54 54 51 50 48 45 45 40 37 35 31 20: 58* ■ . I 02i . . i 02i . . i GOi 20 ■ 01 40' GOJ 20; 59 4o: 014 20^ 02 40 52i 40 03 4')| G2i 20: 59" 20 G3 53i 53 (-7 C2.i 51i ou| 55" 58.i m eu 5G 50 57 40 20 40| OOi EXPEEIMEXTS WITH mDIAN CORN. Twenty varieties of corn were tested in hills and in rows. Both hills and rows were 35 inches apart. The com was sown on clay loam on May 21, but in nearly all varieties one-third to one-half of the seed did not germinate, causing re-seeding during the first week in June. Three varieties were also sown in rows at different distances apart. The yield per acre of all the varieties was computed from the weight of two rows, each 66 feet long. 428 E XrEJUMEMAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 In addition, six acres were sown with corn for ensilage. On account of poor ger- mination, although re-sown, the crop was poor and unsatisfactory. The corn land had been fallowed the previous year, and was in good condition. The corn was cut on September 13, cut up and put in the silo. INDIAN CORN — TEST OF VARIETIES. N.ame of Variety. Character of Growth. Height. Strong. 1 Angel of Midnight 2iKing Philip 3lSalzer's All Gold 4 North Dakota White 5 Comptoii's Early 6 Champion White Pe;irl 7 White Cap Yellow Dent .... SlPride of the North 9|Eiireka lOlRed Cob Ensilage ll|Giant Prolific Ensilage 12 j Longfellow I i> • • • ■ 13 Thoro'bred White Flint u 14|Superior Fodder » 15|Early Butler i " IGiEvergreen Sugar Medimn . . 17jManimoth Cuban Strong. . . 18iCloud's Eariy Yellow i, . . . 19, Early Mastodon I " - ■ • 20 Selected Learning Medium . Inches 70 93 85 78 85 90 83 88 100 90 80 SO 90 85 95 64 92 80 90 80 Condition when Cut. Tasselled In silk Taaselled Not tasselled, Tasselled Not tasselled, Tasselled In silk Not tasselled, Tasselled . . . . Not tasselled Weight per Acre Jrown in rows Tons. Lbs. 22 19 18 18 18 15 15 14 13 13 13 12 11 11 11 10 10 9 9 3 770 500 1,400 300 300 1,130 800 1,700 1,500 l,.o00 1,280 1,410 1,H50 1,320 880 350 20 700 700 600. Weight per Acre Grown in hills. Tons 14 20 23 22 22 16 19 14 22 21 24 18 22 18 18 15 15 16 13 7 Lbs. 710 1,800 1,630 880 220 1,000 830 1,920 680 180 1,400 1,540 1,400 80 580 1,680 780 290 630 INDIAN CORN — TEST OF SEEDING AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES. Name of Variety. • Distance Between Rows Character of Growth. Height. Weight jjer Acre grown in Rows Inches. 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 Strong Weak .'.'.'.'.. Inche.s. 80 75 82 78 70 75 72 70 72 72 65 73 Tons. Lb."!. 16 1,948 10 1,255 " 13 1,168 " 9 1,803 9 81)0 9 704 II 11 7 829 Selected Learning • • • 6 259 5 1,882 5 1,336 4 1,848 3 601 Sown in rows by grain drill, May 21; cut September 13. Land fallowed previous year. Soil, clay loam. UEl'ORl' OF MR. AyaUS MACK.AY 429 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH FLAX. Five varieties were tested on 1-20 acre plots of fallowed land, sown May 23, by- grain drill, at the rate of 40 lbs. seed per acre. Common flax was sown on 1-20 acre plots, at the rate of 20, 30, 40 and 50 lbs. of seed per acre. Common flax was sown on -^ acre that had grown tlax the previous year, the land being ploughed in the fall, and cultivated just before seeding. Jn addition, one acre of flax was sown on fallowed land, and two plots of nearly an acre each on low spots of land that c^me in too late for a grain crop. The results of all tests were as follows : — FI.AX — TEST OF VARIETIES liTaine of Variety. Character of Soil. Date of Sowing. Date of Ripening. No. of Days Maturing. s Character of Straw. Yield per Acre. White Flowering Yellow Seeded Improved Russian. . . Riga Clay loam . . Ac. i May 23.. 1. 23. . „ 23.. .1 23.. .1 23.. Sept. 1.. 1.. Aug. 26.. Sept. 1 . . 1.. 101 101 95 101 101 In. 22 28 32 34 33 Strong . Lbs. 2,960 3,440 3,180 3,060 3,200 Bush. Lbs. 19 36 18 32 18 12 17 48 12 28 FLAX TEST OF SOWING DIFFERENT QUANTITIES OF SEED PER ACRE. Seed per Acre. 20 lbs 30 I. 40 I. 50 .. May 23.. ,, 23.. „ 23.. " 23.. Aug. 31.. 100 25 Strong . 1,640 11 31.. 100 25 2,700 1. 31.. 100 26 11 .. 1,680 11 31.. 100 26 1,500 16 24 10 44 18 24 16 44 Name of Variety. Cultiv ation. o Date of Sowing. Date of Ripening. c c -Si eS 0 Q Yield per Acre. iFlax Flax stubble, Fallow ploughed . . Ac. a 4 1 i a 4 May 23.. .1 23.. .1 27.. 11 27. . Aug. 22.. .1 30.. .1 29. . .1 29.. 91 99 94 94 30 26 24 25 Strong . Bush. Lbs. 9 33 19 18 13 ,, 12 24 EXPERIMENT WITH SPRIXG RYE. Sown May 16, on 1-20 acre plot of fallowed land. Ripe August 15 ; time to mature, 91 day.s. Straw strong; 42 inches long; weight of straw per acre, 1,880 lbs. Length ot head, 3 inches. Yield per acre, 18 bushels. 430 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EXPEEIMENT WITH TARES. Sown on 1-20 acre plot of fallowed land, May 18. Eipe September 9; time to mature, 114 days. Length of straw, 28 inches; pod, 2| inches. Yield per acre, 26^ bushels, weighing 54 lbs. per bushel. EXPERIMENT WITH CANARY GRASS. (Ph a hi ris ca n a rie nsis.) SowaT May 16, on 1-20 acre plot of fallowed land. Ripe August 18; time tj mature, 94 days. Straw strong, 32 inches long; weight of straw per acre, 2,200 lbs. Length of head, 1^- inches. Yield per acre, 15 bushels 20 lbs., weighing 49 lbs. i)or bushel. EXPERIMENT WITH SOJA BEANS. Sown May 17, in rows 21, 28 and 35 inches apart. These were killed by frost, and did not mature or even form pods. EXPERIMENT WITH HORSE BEANS. Sown May 17, in rows 21, 28 and 35 inches apart. Cut Sept. 10. Variety. Rows, Distance Apart. Height. Yield per Acre. Dry Fodder. Inches. 21 28 35 Inches. 38 34 35 Tons. Lbs. 3 880 3 896 II 2 946 EXPERIMENTS WITH MILLETS. Six varieties were sown May 23, on l-40th acre plots of fallowed land. All were very poor and did not mature. Cut for feed September 10. Variety. Height. Yield per acre ; Dry fodder. Ins. ."" 36 39 31 35 39 Tons. Pounds. 3 White Round French 2 800 Italian 3 400 Cat Tail. Very little germinated. Early Pearl 3 800 RE POUT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAl 431 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 • HAY CROP. The hay crop the past season was light. Brome averaged about 1\ tons per acre, and Western Rye Grass 1^ tons per acre. One-half acre of Bronie, ploughed 2 inches deep in May. 1903, disced and rolled flat, gave this year one ton of hay vpithout re-seeding. All the Brome and Rye Grass fields have been cut for hay from 3 to 6 years. Timothy gave 850 lbs. on a ^ acre plot. The i acre of Alfalfa sown in 1902 was almost entirely killed by the spring frosts. TEST OF GRASSES. In Ma^- the following clovers and grasses were sown in plots of I to i acre each : — Western Red Clover, Lucern, Alsike, Turkestan Alfalfa, Utah Alfalfa, Mixture of Red Clover, Alsike, Orchard and Blue Grass, Mixture of Orchard, Blue Grass and Common Alfalfa, Meadow Fescue, Red Top, Kentucky Blue Grass, English Blue Grass, Western Rye Grass. Three varieties of Alfalfa, Common, Utah and Turkestan, were tested for the Department of Agriculture, Regina. With the exception of Red Top, which failed to germinate, all the varieties did well. The three kinds of Alfalfa and the Red Clover did extra well. Common Alfalfa attained a height of 20 inches, Turkestan 18 inches, and Utah Alfalfa 17 inches. All the clovers were quite well headed out before the growing sea- son w^as over. Cattle were pastured on the grasses to a small extent after the growing season, for fear of smothering out the plants from too rank a growth. EXPERIMENTS WITH FIELD ROOTS. With the exception of carrots, the root crop was very satisfactory. After the carrots were in full leaf, they were eaten close to the ground by the larva? of a small moth or butterfly, and never recovered from the injury. Turnips and mangels were good, with the second seeding rather the better. The land for all the roots had been fallowed the previous year, with two deep ploughings and surface cultivation, and wdien frost came in the fall, 10 loads of manure per acre were spread on the surface, and cultivated in, shallow, just before sowing the seed in the spring. The rows were made hy grain drill, on the flat, and the seed sown by a Planet Junior turnip drill. All the rows were 28 inches apart. Soil, clay loam. The yields per acre were obtained by weighing the roots from two rows, each 66 feet long. TURNIPS TEST OF VARIKTIES. Twenty varieties were sown on May 19, and again on May 27. The roots from bcth seedings were taken up on October 18. 432 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Name of Variety. Drammond Purple-top. Skirving's New Century Imperial Swede Emperor Jumbo Magnum Bonum Good Luck Hall's Westbury Halewood's Bronze-top. Perfection Swede 12 Elephants ]S[aster 13 Mammoth Clyde 14lBangholm Selected lolKangaroo Kj'SutcOn's Champion. . . 17 Hartley's Bronze 18 East Lothian 19 Selected Purple Top. . . 20 Carter's Elephant Character of Soil. Clay loam Yield per Ache. 1st Plot. 29 28 26 26 26 26 26 26 25 25 25 24 23 23 22 22 22 21 21 20 268 854 .318 ,036 .036 611 187 46 ,'J04 ,480 ,338 ,641 ,944 813 ,964 ,974 974 570 287 ,438 971 947 888 883 883 876 869 867 865 858 855 827 799 780 766 766 749 709 704 690 Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 34 38 56 56 51 47 26 4 38 21 4 13 4 4 34 30 47 38 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. i Bush. Lbs. 1,.541 814 248 834 430 227 1,916 1,521 1,621 448 228 247 1,763 753 1,177 1,743 1,036 1,540 6 1,884 992 1,013 1,004 980 940 803 1,032 1,025 860 674 1,037 770 862 879 919 895 883 759 933 898 21 34 8 34 30 47 26 21 21 8 8 47 43 13 37 43 56 26 4 MANGELS TEST OF VARIETIES. Sixteen varieties were sown on May 19 and 27. All were taken up October 3. Name of Variety. Character of Soil. Prizewinner Yellow Globe |Clay Triumph Yellow Globe Half-long Sugar White.. Giant Yellow Intermediate Selected Mammoth Long Red Yellow Intermediate Giant Yellow Globe Leviathan Long Red Half-long Sugar Rosy Prize Mammoth Long Red Mammoth Yellow Intermediate . . Mammoth Long Red Gate Post _ Lion Yellow Intermediate Selected Yellow Globe Giant Sugar loam Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 1,237 388 1,176 327 186 1,903 1,478 1,054 206 650 1,094 528 787 773 700 652 638 636 631 624 617 605 577 551 542 17 2nd Plot. Tons Lbs. 27 27 26 1,581 1,581 1,743 18 347 16 953 16 26 1,094 1,743 23 14 1,944 1.134 17 23 17 1,498 1,237 1,781 23 247 25 914 23 621 22 1,823 Bush. Lbs. 926 926 895 605 549 551 895 790 485 591 787 596 770 848 777 763 21 21 43 47 13 34 43 4 34 38 17 21 47 34 51 43 * These varieties were not sown at first seeding. REPORT OF MR. A^GU8 MACKA7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 CARROTS — TEST OF VARIETIES. 433 Ten varieties were sown May 19 and were pulled October 20. The sex'oud plots were not sown. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Name of Variety. Improved Short White White Belf^ian Half-long Chantenay Giant White Vosgcs New White Intennediate Long Yellow Stump-rooted Carter's Orange Giant Early Gem Mammoth White Intermediate. Ontario Champion Character of Soil. Clay loam. Yield pbr Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 7 2S4 238 4 0 1,2«)4 221 34 5 1,314 188 34 4 1,051 150 51 4 7C8 14fi 8 2 1,G57 94 17 •> 1,091 84 51 2 1,091 84 51 1 1,.536 58 5G 1 1,53G 58 50 :?1:GAR beets — TEST OF VARIETIES. First plots sown May 19 and second plots May 27. Both were pulled October 6. Name of Variety. Character of Soil. liRoyal Giant Clav 2 Danish Red Top. 3 Improved Imperial 4 Red Top Sugar 5'Danish Improved GiFrench Very Rich 7|Vilmorin's Improved 8 Wanzleben loam Yield peu Acke. 1st Plot. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. 307 1,134 28G 280 1,.598 1,194 1,921 810 572 485 471 471 420 380 305 313 388 1,054 1,094 1,196 1,478 43 1,800 1,658 Bush. Lbs. 773 017 551 019 024 400 330 327 8 34 34 ri() ;?8 ■13 38 EXPERIMENTS WITH POTATOES. Forty-one varieties of potatoes were planted on May :.'0. The land was fallowed the same as for roots, and ten loads of manure applied per acre. While the potatoes were all of a fair size, sound, and of splendid quality, the yield in no case was eqvial to that of 1903. The sets were dropped in drills 30 inches apart, and the potatoes were dug on September 29. The yield per acre was obtained by weighing the potatoes from one row 132 feet long. Soil, clay loam. There was no rot in any of the varieties. 16—28 431 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS POTATOES — TEST OF VAIUETIES. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 I Name of Variety. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7i 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 If l(i 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 .33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Penn Manor Uncle Sam Sabean's Elephant Late Puritan General Gordon American Giant Prolific Rose Early Envoy Reeve's Rose Country Gentleman . . . Money Maker State of Maine Early St. George Pingree Dreer's Standard American Wonder Burnaby Manmioth. . . . Carman No. 3 Seedling No. 7 Holborn Abundance . . . Pearce Delaware Vick's Extra Early. . . . Carman No. 1 Enormous Rose No. 9 Everett Irish Cobbler Rochester Rose Early Rose . . Maule's Thoroughbred . Early White Prize Empire State Swiss Snowflake Canadian Beauty Bovee I. X. L Clay Rose Early Andes Rawdon Rose Cambridge Russet Character of Soil. Clay loam Planted. | Dug. May rtp.. 29.. ., 29.. .. 29.. , M 29. . • M 29.. „ 29.. „ 29.. M 29.. ,. 29.. ., 29.. , „ 29. . M 29.. „ 29.. „ 29.. 29.. „ 29.. ., 29.. „ 29.. „ 29.. „ 29. . „ 29.. •1 29.. „ 29 . . „ 29.. H 29.. ., 29.. M 29.. M 29.. ,- 29.. „ 29.. ,. 29.. „ 29.. ., 29 . M 29.. M 1-9.. ., 29.. „ 29.. .. 29.. „ 29. . 1. 29. M 29.. Character of Growth. Medium Strong Medium Stron Medium , Strong . . Medium , Strong . . I Medium, Strong . . 'Medium , i Strong . . ; Medium. Strong . . i Light . . . Strong . . 1 M _ . . . 1 Medium. IStrong . Average Size. Large iMedium I Large .. Medium Large . . Medium Large . . Medium Large Medium Small . Large Medium Large Medium Large . Medium I Large . ^Medium Total Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 435 36 420 12 409 12 404 48 393 48 391 36 374 374 374 371 48 371 48 369 36 365 12 360 48 352 345 24 345 24 3t3 12 330 327 48 323 24 323 24 321 12 314 36 314 36 314 36 312 24 305 48 305 48 288 12 281 36 279 24 275 259 36 2.57 24 244 24 239 48 237 36 228 48 226 36 226 36 Form and Coloiir. Long, red. Oval, white. Long i> Oval pink. Long, white. led. Oval, pink. red. Long, pink. Oval, white. Long, Oval Long Oval, Long. Oval, Long Oval, Long. Oval , red. white. pink, white, red. white, pink, white, pink. whit(5 red. ]nnk. white, red. pink, white. I Long, red. Oval, pink. Long, pink. Oval i Long, russet. SUMMARY OF CROPS, 1904. Bushels. Wheat : 8 varieties, 44 acres 1,733 8 half acres, rotation test , 135 36 uniform tost plots 92 1,960 Oats : 9 varieties, 60 acres 4,589 4 half acres, rotation test 125 42 iniiform test plots 157 4,871 REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY 430 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Barley : Bushels. 9 varieties, 3i acres 1,512 1 half acre, rotation test 18 39 uniform test plots 90 1,620 Pease : 2 varieties, 4 acres 170 31 uniform test plots 85 255 Flax 52 Ivyo 1 Tons. Lbs. Emmer and Spelt 2,254 Corn, ensilage 45 Hay: Brome grass 35 Ryegrass 25 Timothy 850 60 850 Bushels Roots 3,000 Potatoes 100 3,100 VEGETABLE GARDEN, The experiments with vegetables were fairly successful this year. A few varieties of beans did not mature. Cucumbers, citrons and melons were poor. The balance of the vegetables were satisfactory. ASP.\R.A.GUS. Old beds of Barr's Mammoth. Barr's Elmira and Conover's Colossal were in use from May 21 to July 14, producing a good crop. Asparagus seed was sown o i May 18. BEANS. — Sown May 21. Imix)rted Seed. Dwarf Extra Early .July 20 Emperor of Russia Aug. 1 Fame of Vitry Black Speckled. . Golden Skinless. Matchless Experimental Farm Seed. Retnaik.s. Green ; very good crop. good crop. Wax ; Green ; fair crop. Currie's Rust-proof [July 30 jSept. 14 Wax : verv eood croT> Challenge Black Wax I „ 28 i „ 14 | „ '" Early Six Weeks 1 „ 30. ...i ., 14 iGreen; DwarfKidney „ 28 ., 14 Wax ; fair crop. Detroit Wax ,, 30 iDid not mature..' le— 28i 436 EXI'ERIMEMAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 Sown May 9, in use July 25; pulled October 5. Xutting's Dwarf Improved, ^47 bushels per acre; large, smooth. Early Blood Red Turnip, 435 bushels per acre; medium size, good quality. Flat EgjT)tian, 1,060 bushels per acre; large, good. Long Smooth Blood, 411 bushels per acre; small, good. Superb North.ern Red, 686 bushels per acre; medium long. Reselected Perfection, 686 bushels per acre; medium size. BROCOLT. Sown in hot-house April 1 and 20; sot out May 30 and June 7; in use, August 6. Extra Early White. BRUSSELS SPROUTS. Sown in hot-house April 1 and 20; set out May 30 and June 7. Dwarf Improved, in use Augnist 5; fair crop. Xorthern Prize, in use August 5; fair crop. CARROTS. Sown May 9, in use July 26; pulled October 5. Long Blood, 609 bushels per acre; large and smooth, good. French Horn. 602 bushels per acre; medium size. Llalf-long Chantenay, 484 bushels per acre ; large and smooth, good. Half-long Luc, 226 bushels per acre ; medium size, good quality. CELERY. Large Red Rihbed, Paris Golden Yellow, Rose Ribbed Paris, Giant Pascal and White Plume were sown in hot-house, April 1; transplanted, May 2; set out, June 17; ire use, September 1. The crop was of fairly good quality. CABBAGE. Sown in hot-house, April 1; set out. May 30; second seeding, April 20; set out, June 7. Name of Variety. Winningstadt Early. . . Early .Jersey Wakefield . Extra Early Express. . . Paris Market Midsummer Savoy ( Jreen Globe Savoy Fottler's Drumhead .... Large Red Drumhead . Early Enfield Market. . . 1st Seeding. In Use. Sept. 10. 1. 1. 1. G. ',! 10 ! July 30. Average Weight. Lbs. 9 9 8 10 11 8 5 12 8 2nd Seeding. In Use. Sept. 15. 10. 6. fi (i. 12. Aug. 4. Average Weight. Lbs. 8 11 9 9 10 8 5 11 7 Remarks. Good. Poor. Good. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 437 KALE. Drumhead Kale was sown in hot-house April 1 ; set out May 30, but w^as a failure. CAULIFLOWER. Sown in hot-house April 1; set out May 30. Second seeding April 20; set out June 7. Name of Variety. 1st Seeding. 2nd Seeding. Remarks. In Use. Average Weight. In Use. Average Weight. Half Early Paris July 21.... M 21.... .. 21... Lbs. 6 6 6 July 30.. . ,. 30.... M 30.... Lbs. I] Good quality, ex- cept that a few heads grew too loosely. Earliest Dwarf Erfurt Early Snowball GARDEN CORN. Name of Variety. In Use, Green. Ripe. Remarks. ■Red Squaw, sown May 20 White Squaw, n Aug. 23.... .. 23.... M 13.... Sept. 13 .. - 13.... Good crop. Peep o' Day, n New Premo, n .... u 13.... Golden Bantum, « " CUCUMBERS. Early White Spine and Cumberland were sown May 2 in hot-house; set out May 29; in flower July 10; ripe September 15. A fair crop. CITRONS. Preserving. — Sown in hot-house, May 2; set out, May 27 ; in. flower, July 10; ripe, September 16. Medium size. LETTUCE. 1st sowing. May 9; in use, June 16. 2nd sowing, June 4; in use, July 16. All varieties were of good quality. The following sorts were sown : — Cabbage — ^Neapolitan, Tom Thumb, Blond Stone- head, All the Year Bound, Eed Edged Victoria and Trocadero Eed Edged. Cos- Green Paris and Early Trianon. MELONS. The following varieties were sown in hot-house. May 2 ; set out. May 27. Did not mature. Musk melon — Extra Early Green and Ilamilton Market. Water melon — Cole's Early and Phinney's Early. The same varieties were sown in the open May 27, but did not come up. 438 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ox IONS. Sown in liot-liouse. April 1; set out. May 30; lifted, September 20. Variety. Yield per Acre. Size and Quality. Bush. Lbs. Large Red Wethersfield . Danver's Yellow Globe. Market Favorite Trebon's Laro^e Yellow . . Giant Prizetaker Spanish Kin^ 217 205 145 108 72 60 48 42 12 54 3G 30 Large, good. Medium, good. Small, good. Medium, good. Small, good. Sown in open, May 9; lifted, September 30. Giant Prizetaker Trebon's Large Yellow . . Spanish King Danver's Yellow Globe . . . Market Favorite Paris Silverskin Large Red Wethersfield . . Large, good. Medium, fair. Poor and thick-necked. Medium, fair. Small, fair. PUMPKINS. Sown in iiot-house, May 2; set out. May 27. Large Yellow Field. Weight of pumpkin, 61 pounds. New Japanese Pie. Did not fruit. PEPPKRS. Ruby King, sown in hot-house, April 7 ; set out, June 10. Did not mature. sarASH. Long White Bush Marrow, sown in hot-house May 2 ; set out, June 9 ; ripe, September 13. Average weight, 14 lbs. Fruit good quality, but a poor crop. This was also sown in open, May 27, but did not come up. KOIII, RARr. Early Purple Vienna, sown in hot-house. April 1; set out, May 30; in nse, July 28; average weight, 9 pound.s. TURNIPS. Sown, May 20; in use, August 1; pulled, October 7. Good quality. Yield per acre. Bushels. Early White Strap-leaved 940 Extra Early White Milan 825 Early Stone 716 Eobertson's Golden Ball 614 lUJI'OliT OF Mli. ANGUS MAC KAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 TOilATOES. Sown in hot-bouse, April 1; sot out, May 30; in flower, June 23. In iisOj Green. Earliana, September IG; some ripened; large and smooth. Sparks' Earliana, September. 10; a little rough. when ripe. Up-to-date. September 10; some ripened; light crop. Earliest of All, September 10; some ripened; good crop and quality. 439 Sown, May 9 ; in use, September 13 ; lifted, October H. Hollow Crown, yield per acre, 355 bushels; fair quality. The Student, yield por acre, 508 bushels; large and good quality. GAijDicx Pease. Variety. Admiral American Wonder... Anticipation Alaska ... . . .... Burpee's Profusion . Extra Early. Everbearing First of All First and Best Surprise Stratagem .... Shropshire Hero .... Laxton's Charmer . . . Champion of England Horsford's Market Garden '-Tuly Wm. Hurst Rural New Yorker Premium Gein .... Nott's Excelsior . . Harrison's Glory . . Yorkshire Hero Aug. 1 . Sowx May 14 and 2f). 1st Seedintr. In use, green. July Aug. .Tilly Aug. •Tnly Aug. July A us. 28. 1. 1. 1 28., IG. 1.. 14.. 14. 14. 30., (>.. 28.. 1.. 28.. 14.. 14. 14.. 15.. Ilil)e. Sept. 14.. 14.. 28.. 28.. 17.. 6.. 24.. 30. , C. 6.. 25.. 24.. 24.. 25.. 25.. 6.. 6.. 6.. Aug. 30. . 2nd Seeding. Remarks. In use, I T.- green. | ' pe. Aug. l-.'Sept. 14. . Fair crop. 10.. 10. July Aug. July Augr. July 23. 12.. 23.. 23.. 23.. 12.. C. 10.. 12.. 10.. 23.. 23.. 24.. 24.. Sept. 24.. Aug. 10.. 14. 28. 28 25. 23 24. 14. 16. IG. 25. 24. 24. 25. 25. IG. 14. 10. Aug. 30. Sept. 24. Good. Fair. Good. Fair No crop. Fair. 440 EXPENIMEMAL FAHMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905- Sown May 'J and June 4. 1st Seeding. In use. Early Deep Scarlet .Scarlet Forcing Early Scarlet White-tipped. Early Scarlet Turnip French Breakfast Olive-shaped Scarlet June 9 June 30. . . n 21.... M 30... M 18.... ,- 30. . . „ 18.... „ 30... ., 21.... 1, 30... ., 18.... M 30... Remarks. Came up slow and were stringy. Winter Radish, sown May 9; pulled, October 22. Black Spanish, large and smooth. Scarlet China, medium smooth. PARSLEY. Champion Moss-curk-d, sown Maj 9; in use, July 15; good crop. SUMMKR SAVORT. Sown, May 0; in u=c, July 16; good crop. Sown, May 9; in use, July 16; did well. SPI-XACII. Victoria, sown May 14; very good crop. Flat Seeded, sown May 14; very good crop. RHUBARB. Sown, May 14; transplanted, June 25. Victoria. ^ Myatt's Linna'us. Expevimentnl Farm Seed: S'Carlet Nonpareil. Monarch Seedling, Salt's Perfection. Tobolsk. " All made good growth. Old beds in use, ^May 21 to September 30; good crop. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACK AY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 THS FLOWER GARDEN. 441 The flower garden was never better than the past season. While nearly all the flowers were good. Stocks, Asters and Pansies were extra fine. In the perennials, Paeonies and Irises were very good. Tulips were fine, but bloom was cut short by dry weather. Annuals — Propagated in hot-house. So\\-n April 2. Variety. Set out. Asters, 10 varieties Antirrhinum, 3 varieties ...... Abronia Unibellata Ageratum, Dwarf Imperial. . . . Alyssum maritimum Adonis Alonsoa Anagallis Balsam, Camellia-flowered Bracliycome Iberidifolia Bartonia Aurea Chrj-santhemum, 3 varieties . . Calliopsis . . . Calendula, Royal Marigold. . . Candytuft, Empress . . . Clarkia Celosia, 2 varieties . . . Coreopsis, 3 varieties Dianthus, 8 varieties GaiUardia picta Lorenziana . . . Godetia, 4 varieties . . Helianthus nanus.. Helichrysum, 2 varieties Hollyhock, double Iberis Gibraltarica . . Kavilfussia, mixed Linum gr. fl. roseum Lobelia erinus. Crystal Palace. . Lupinus, mixed Mignonette Mathiola bieornis Nicotiana, 7 varieties Nemophila Maculata. . . . . . Nurembergia Gracilis Poppy, 5 varieties. Phacelia camimnularia ,, grandiflora Portulaca . . Phlox Drummondii, 3 varieties. Petunia, 4 varieties Pansies, 8 varieties Scabiosa, 3 varieties 8weet William . . ■ • • Salpiglossis variabilis Schizanthus, 2 varieties Sanvitalia procumbens Stocks, 10 weeks Tropaeolum, 5 varieties Tagetes, 2 varieties Verbena hj'b. auriculaeflora. . . Whitlavia gr. fl Wahlenbergia Zinnia elegans, 2 varieties JMay June May June Bloom. From .July 20.. I m' 20.. M 10.. June 23 , i. 23.. July 25., M 23.. June 29.. M 2,T.. 26.. 18.. 20.. June 29.. July 29.. 23.. Julv 18.. n" 10.. -. 18.. ,. 10.. M 15., 1 " 15.. I M 10 . July 20. „ 10. M 20 - 15. June 28. Aug. 15 I July 1. Aug. 5. 1. July 25. I M 25. jJune 25. I M 23. July 10. I June 20. I Aug. 1 I Biennial. June 10. ,- 23. I.July 15. June 28 July 12 June 23 July 10. 1. To Oct. 1 . Sept. 20. M 15. „ 10. Oct. 20. Sept. 10. M 25. Frost Sept. 20 Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. 10 ! ,! 15 Oct. 20. 10. 1. Frost... . Oct. 2. 10. " 1. Sept. 28. Oct. 10. „ 10. Sept. 24. Oct. 1 . Sept. 24. Oct. 10. - 10. Sept. 24. Oct. 10. M 20. Sept. 26. Oct. 1. Sept. 10. „ 20. .. 24. M 28. Very good. Poor. Good. Did not grow. Fair show. Good flowers, (lood. Very fair. Bloomed very fully. Fair show. Did not grow. Fair show. Very good. Good! Good show. Good succession of bloom. »Sown May 10. PERENNULS. The old beds of perennials, most of which were planted out in 1900, made very strong growth, and presented a fins succession of bloom throughout the season. BULBS. Tulips. — In flower from May 15 to June 2. Very fine, but suffered from the drought, which shortened the flowering period. Dahlias. — Set out June 2; in flower July 18 till frost. The double ones wer3 e.'pecially fine. Gladioli.— Set out June 10; in flower August 8. Did well. Iris. — Beds of Iris planted in 1900 bloomed freely from June 4 to July 19. PAEONIES. In flower from June 10 to July 15. Last spring a large number of Japanese Iris, and some Cannas and Dahlias were sent up from the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. These were planted out and made satisfactory growth. A number of the Dahlias flowered very fully till September 17. Following will be found a list of those living at the close of the season. REPORT OF MR. AMIUIS MAVKAI 443 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Hana-aoi. Momiji-no-taki. Kumomauo-sora. Gold Bound. Uji-no-hotaru. IIo-o-jo. Sofu-iio-koi. Shislii-ikari. Kiimo-isho. Shieliinkwa. Violet Cap. JAPANESE 1RI.SES. Mahogany. Neptune. Zcnobia. Kigan-no-misao. Tvasui-no-iro. Samidare. Shippo. Oscar. Shishi-odori. Tsurugi-no-mai. CANNAS. Austria. Baron de Poilly. C. Bei'nardin. Gladiator. Mdlle. Berat. Paul Marquant. Pennsylvania. Queen Charlotte. DAHLIAS. Aurata. Bishop of Durham. Clifford W. Brutoii. Constance. Empress of India. Ernest Glasse. Gem. Grand Duke Alexis. Gilt Edge. Herbert Turner. Iridescent. John Sladden. John Co\Yan. Lady II. Grosvcnor. Little ]\rorris. Lord Hawke. liantas la Villa. Mrs. Wheeler. Mrs. Dodds. Mrs. Beedle. Mammoth Queen. Matchless. Perfect Vallon. Paragon. Snowclad. Snow flake. Wm. Agnew. Wm. Pearce Woman in White. In the Annual Eeport for 1903 a list of perennial flowers is given, most of which were sent from the Central Experimental Farm in 1900. Nearly all of these proved hardy. Included in this list was a number of varieties of iris, paeony and many other attractive perennials. Particulars as to the species and varieties tested will be found on pages 382-4 of that report. TREES AND SHRUBS. All trees and shrubs made large growth during the past season. All were well nt in leaf by May 24, and no set-back tock place up to the time of frost in Septem- ber. So rapid has been the growth of trees about fruit, and other garden plots, the last few years, that it has been found necessary to cut out in some cases, and cut back ■u many, the hedge.s surrounding these plot.s. "While every season these hedges have been severely trimmed, they have outgrown such work, and are becoming an injury to all produce growing at all close to them. ]\raple and willow hedges are giving the most trouble in this respect. Over 100,000 maple trees, in addition to a large number of shrubs have been taken up and heeled in for next spring's distribution. 4U EXI'JJh'IMEM'AL FA hMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 AKBORETUM. Threo specimens of Populus Augustifolia were sent up from Ottawa last spring, and some cuttings of Basket Willow, which were planted out in the Arboretum. The Poplars took root readily and made strong growth, but the Willows were very slow in making a start, and had only made a weak growth at the close of the season. All the other varieties of trees and shrubs under observation in the Arboretum, numbering about 300, a list of which was given in my report for 1903, made a better growth than \isual. Many of the tender and half-hardy species were injured to a larger extent by the severe winter than they generally are. but the effects of this were soon overcome when the spring growth started. The following trees and shrubs have done the best on the Indian Head Farm, and can be recommended for cultivation throughout the Territories: — Botanical Name — Acer Negundo. Acer Tataricum Ginnala. Alnus glutinosa. Betula populifolia. Caragana arborescens. Cornus stolonifera. Cotoneaster integerrima. Crataegus chlorosarca. " coccinea. " Crus galli. Fraxinus americana. " pennsylvanica lanceolata. Lonicera Alberti. " tatarica. Populus balsamifera. " deltoidea. Rhamnus eathartica. " frangula. Ribes aureum. " Sibirica. Salix pentandra. " ' purpiirea pendula. " Voronesh. Syringa chinensis. " Josikea. " vulgaris. TJlmus americanus. Viburnum opulus. Common Name — Box Elder. Ginnalian Maple. Common Alder. White Birch. Siberian Pea Tree. Red Osier Dogwood. Common Cotoneaster. Scarlet Haw. Cockspur Thorn. White Ash. Green Ash. Albert Regel's Honeysuckle. Tartarian Honeysuckle. Balsam Poplar. Cottonwood. Common Buckthorn. Breaking Buckthcrn. Missouri Currant. Siberian Currant. Lavirel-leaved Willow. Pendulous Purple Willow. Voronesh Willow. Rouen Lilac. Josika's Lilac. Common Lilac. American Elm. Highbush Cranberry. ARBORETUM. The Arboretum was very attractive during the past season, and proved of interest to visitors at all times from the early spring till late in the fall. On account of the abundant rains, everything made extra strong growth. FRUIT TREES. Crab apples (Pyrus Baccata), Currants Red, White and Black, Raspberries Red and Black, and Gooseberries, gave fair crops of fruit this year. Plums were a poor crop, and none of the fruit ripened before frost came. Native fruit was destroyed by spring frosts. REPORT OF MR. AyOiS MACKAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 445 I am sorry to report that considerable injury was done to many of the young: cross-bred apple trees by rabbits last winter. When first noticed, tar-paper was tied about each tree, which protected them till the deep snow of March, when the rabbits were able to reach the branches. In some cases the young trees w'ere entirely girdled. PLANTING. Last spring the following cross-bred apples and seedlings of cross-bred apples were received from the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, and planted : — CROSS-BRED APPLES. 1 Manitou. 3 Alberta. 2 Dawn. 7 Tony. 2 Aurora. 4 Xortheru Queen. 2 Elsa. 2 Eve. 1 Bow. SEEDLLNGS OF CROSS-BRED APPLES. 5 seedlings of Apple from Winnipeg. 2 seedlings of Columbia. 19 " Aurora. 11 t( Martha. 19 li Alberta. 17 u Tony. 12 u Carleton, 7 a Progress. 2 a Cavan. 17 « Pioneer. 1 « Euby. 2 In compliance with a request of Dr. Elliott, Minister of Agriculture for the Xorth- west Territories, a test was made during the past season of feeding some swine on rape, with the addition of a small qiwntity of meal. One acre of corn land, ploughed the previous fall and harrowed, was sown with three pounds of rape seed, in drills 28 inches apart, on June 1. A good catch resulted and the rape made rapid growth. Vp to July 19 the acre was scuffled twice, and all weeds in rows taken out by hoe. On July 19, a wire hog-fence was put around the lot, and a cross fence in the centre, cutting the acre in two. At this date the rape was meeting in the rows, when 10 pigs — 5 Berkshire and 5 Tamworth grades were put in one of tha half acres. Finding the pigs were making no impression on the rape, 7 pure bred Tamworths were added on July 23, when the test commenced. The pigs were weighed when put in on September 23 and October 23, making a three months test. When taken from the half acre on October 23, one-third of the rape Vv-as still nearly meeting in the rows, and was afterwards eaten off by cattle. During the first two months the swine were given 2,080 pounds of meal (oats and barley, half of each), which i* equal to a little less than two pounds per head per day; in the third month they consumed 1,780 pounds, which equals three and a half pounds per head per day. Whether the rape had attained too ranlc a growth or not, before the pigs were put on, I cannot say, but during the entire period very little was 16—29 July 23. Sept. 23. Oct. 2; lbs. lbs. lbs. 1,34:5 1,760 2,210 415 450 79 103 130 2^ 2Gh 450 EXPERIMEXTAL FAR2I8 4-5 ED'WARD VII., A. 1905 eaten, and for tlie first month no impression whatever was made on the half acre. Until the meal ration was materially increased the animals were always hungry. I give below the weights of the pigs at the different dates, with the amount of gain made: — 17 pigs weighed Gain Average weight Average gain From July 23 to Septcinber 23 is 62 days, and from September 23 to October 23 is 30 days. It v/ill ba observed that after the quantity of meal was increased, the animals put on flesh more than twice as fast as before. On the iialf acre on which no swine were pastured the yield of rape was 16 tons, or at the rate of 32 tons per acre. It attained a height of from two to three feet. POULTRY. Plymouth Ttoclc, Light Brahma and Black Minorca fowls are kept on the farm. Eggs for sotting and young fowls are sold to applicants as far as they can be supplied. SEED GRAIX FOR DISTRIBUTIOX. Early last winter two cars of 60,000 pounds each, of wheat, oats and barley were made up and shipped to Ottawa for distribution. In November this year, two more 60,000 pound cars loaded with wheat, oats, barley, pease, &c., were shipped to Ottawa. In addition there is available for seed purposes, in excess of the requirement- for the distribution from this farm a considerable quantity of grain which will be sold to settlers in lots of from two to six bushels, the large demand not permitting larger quantities to be sold to one applicant. MEETINGS ATTENDED. During last winter I attended, in company with Dr. Elliott, Minister of Agricul- ture for the Territories, Institute meetings at North Portal. Estevan, Weyburn, Yel- low Grass and Milestone, on the Soo line. Other meetings had to be cancelled on account of snow storms. In February a two-days sto-ck-judging school was held in Indian Head, whicli I attended and assisted at as far as possible. Stock from the Experimental Farm was provided for the judging. EXCURSIONS. On June 16, the Regina fire brigade organized a large excursion from Regina and intermediate points to Indian Head, and large numbers visited the farm. Betwee:i GOO and 800 people thronged the gardens and other parts of the farm during the day. On July 1, a very considerable number, 1,000 or more, drove or walked through the grounds from morning till late in the evening. REPORT OF MR. A^aUS MAC KAY 451 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 On July 12, the Onuigemcu of the surround i up,' districts met in Indian Ilead, and in great crowds inspected the farm throus'hout the day. And on July 19, two large excursions, from Moosomin in the oast to Moosejaw in the west, numbering over 1,500 people, and with an additional 300 or 400 from the town and district, spent the day on the farm. This excursion was under the auspices of the Department of Agriculture, Regina, and during the day. Dr. Elliott, Commis- sioner of Agriculture, and other.s, addressed the visitors. Mr. Gibson, manager of the ei'eamery iit Qu'Appelle Station, gave lessons in butter-making, and W. J. Black, B.S.A., of the Farmer's Advocate, gave vakiable instruction in stock-judging, to a large and attentive audience. The weather was very fine, and the many visitors en- joyed the day greatly. DISTEIBUTIOX OF SAMPLES. During the months of March, April and May, the following distribution of sam- ples of the products of the farm was made to applicants throughout the Territories of Assiniboia, Alberta and Saskatchewan. As usual, it was only possible to supply about half the number of applicants, al- though the number of samples sent out was considerably larger than in previous years : — Wheat .' 420 bags, 3 lbs. each. Oats 542 " Barley 367 Pease 176 " Sundries (Flax, Rye and Spell) 153 " Potatoes 818 Tree Seeds, Maple 810 bags, A lb. each. Tree Seeds, Caragana 900 packets. Grass Seed, Brome 166 bags, 1 lb. each. Grass Seed, Western Ry.^ 66 '' Small Seeds 446 packages, containing 7,940 packages of shrub-seed, flower-seed, root-seed, gar- den-seeds and corn. Rhubarb Roots 88 packages. Fruit Bushes •. 186 " Tree and Shrub seedling? 720 " Express parcels containing ]\Iaple seedlings and other trees and shrubs 105 parcels. CORRESPOXDEXCE. During the twelve montlis ending October 31, 1904, 5,849 letters, irrespective of reports on grain and other samples, were received, and 5,871 letters, not countintj circulars of instruction sent with samples, w'ere mailed from tiiis office. 16— 29i 452 EXPEIUM /;.y TAL FA RMS METEOEOLOGICAL. 4-5 EDVv'ARD VII., A. 1905 Month. 1903. November December 1904 January February March April May June July August .September October Temperature, Alaximum. Date. 7 29 30 28 20 18 23 20 30 Temperature, Minimum. Snow- fall. Degree.s Date. 73 19 39 12 42 24 32 10 38 11 72 7 78 24 90 4 92 26 86 27 80 19 69 25 Degrees Inches. —47 —44 —26 7 24 34 38 33i 24' 18 11 14 92-5 Rainfall. •19 1-94 2-74 381 1-17 1-79 •32 11 96 Hours of Bright Sunshine. 82 6 75-8 81-4 120-3 113-3 165-8 165-6 221-7 299-5 210-8 146 6 145-8 1,829-2 I i I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. ANGUS MACKAY, Superintendent. 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1905 EXRERIMENTAL FARM FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA. EEPORT OF THOMAS A. SITARPE, SUPERIXTEXDEXT. Agassiz, B.C., Xovember 30, 1904. To Dr. Wm. Salnders, Director Dominion Experimental Farms^ Ottawa. Sir, — I have the hononr to submit the following report of the work done and progress made on the Experimental Farm at Agassiz during the year 1904. The season wliile in some respects peculiar, has been on the whole, a favourable one. The winter v.as mild, the lowe-st temperature recorded at this station in January, being 15, with a snowfall for the month of four inches and six and a quarter inches of rain. February, the coldest was 17 degrees of frost and nearly nine inches of rain and thirty-two inches of snow. There was less rain and snow in March, the fall being 5:| and G|- inches respectively, and the coldest was 30 on two occasions, but the prevailing winds were nor^h-west and north-east and there was very little progreijs in vegetation. A temperature of 30 with a sharp frost on April 29 caught many of the fruit trees in bloom and a good deal of the bloom f sll off, especially in the C3 'e of the plums. The weather turned drier in May, the rainfall for the month being less than 24 inches, which is much lower than usual, but the winds were cool and growth very backward. June remained cool and although the rainfall was a little heavier than that of May, yet the grass and clover began to show need of more rain. In July the rainfall was light and the weather became warm and growth was rapid, except in clover fields where the second crop had been cut, corn and all sorts of grain made rapid progress. The weather continued bright and warm throughout August, September and October with very light rainfall, very fine for harvest and all other farm work bvit almost too dry for root crops. On the whole, the season, although rather dry during most of the summer has been very favourable for farm work, and even root crops, where the soil was kept stirred, have been satisfactory, and the weather for harvesting them exceptionally fine. Up to the present date we have not had a killing frost, rose5 and sweet pease being still in bloom in the open garden. FRUIT CROP. The continued wet weather in May and early June damaged the cherry crop and to some extent injured the strawberry crop, but with clearer, warmer weather the larger fruits had a better chance. Plums and pears were light in many orchards owing to the frost in last of April, and the cool weather in April and May, but the sample was fine and there was less rot in the plums than usual. The apples, too, were freer from skin diseases, and owing to the brigiit sunny autumn were better coloured and finer than nsual. HEDGES. Many people are making inquiries as to the best hedges. In evergreens, wherever it will stand the climate the holly makes a very handsome hedge, making a close com- 453 ^54 EXPEIilMEyTAL F All MS 4-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 pact growth and, wtcn old enough to produce berries, the glossy green leaves and brighr red berries make it a thing of beauty. The eastern hemlock, eastern arborvitae, Norway spruce, pyramidal arborvitae, and the native cedar all make very compact handsome hedges which look well always. For flowering hedges, the weigelias, deutzias, Japan quince or Japanese snow- ball all loolc well when in bloom. ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS. There ';vas a heavy fall of soft damp snow in February which clung to the trees and shrubs and some v.-ere crushed and injured, but none so much as to ruin them, with this exception, the growth has been very strong and many of the flowering trees and shrubs never looked better than they did this year. In flowering trees the dbublj flowering thorns, pink, scarlet and white, the laburnum, and the flowering dogwood, pink and v/hite, grow luxuriantly and flower profusely. In shrubs the Japanese quince and Japanese snowball, the weigelias, spiraeas, hydrangeas, syringas, deutzias, philadephus and many others make a fine display of bloom from the last of March until June, and many of the shrubs and trees having variegated or purple foliage make a strikingly handsome appearance all summer. The timber and nut trees in the forest belt continue to grow and thrive, and many of the trees planted on the mountain side are getting above the underbrush, and when the trees get their autumn tints are distinctly noticeable. NUT TREES. The English and American black walnuts each produced a few nuts, and the Jap- anese walnut a fine crop. The chestnuts also, many of them, had a fair crop of nuts. Many requests for nuts and tree seeds are received from farmers throughout the pro- vince, and rejjorts coming in of the nuts distributed in former years show that there is a live interest being taken in nut tree growing, as the trees when once well established, make a rapid growth and soon become handsome, shade trees as well as nut producers. The filberts of all the nut producers are unsatisfactory, the crop on all the varieties being very poor, and. the bluejays begin to carry them off before they are properly filled. DITCHING. Considerable ditching has been done during the year, and the old ditches where open have been cleaned out, and many of the wet places along the foot of the mountains are now dry and will be cleared of brush and put under cultivation and pasture as rapidly as possible. NEW BREAKING. About 8 acres have been ploughed and disked, and are now being ploughed again to be in readiness for a crop next year. LIVE STOCK. The cattle here are all registered short-horns, and the herd consist-g of 9 cows,, 4 heifers, 3 bulls and 7 calves, 4 of these are bull calves, and 3 heifer calves. One short- horn cow was sold for beef, as she proved to be barren. One of the bull calves men- tioned in my report last year has been sold as a breeder and the other is on hand. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. HUARPE 455 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 SHEEP. The flock at present consists of fifteen ewes and ewe Icnibs, and six rams. Three ewes were lost since my last report, one died of old age, and the other two from un- known causes, as the flock has been at all times healthy. Two barren ewes and two rams were sold to the butcher, and one ram for a breeder. The Dorset Horned sheep appear to make a satisfactory cross with the common sheep, buyers being pleased with the re- sults, and butchers say that the grade lambs dress very well. PIGS. The stock now on hand consists of two Yorkshire White sows and a Yorkshire Write boar, all very fine individuals, and six young pigs of this breed. A Berkshire boar, three young sows and seven pigs, all fine thrifty animals. HOESES. The horse stock is the same as last year, but an eflort is being made to get a young •leavy team, as the area under cultivation is getting greater and more team force is ■lecessary. Young heavy teams are very scarce, but it is hoi>ed that before the work com- '.Tiences in spring a team will be- got. BEES. Seven swarms of bees were taken into winter quarters, but three of them died be- fore spring, arid the others were much reduced in strength when spring opened. Three fine swarms have been saved this season, and there are now seven strong colonies wliich are well supplied with honey to carry them over the winter. EOWLS. There are now on the farm five breeds of fowls, Black Minorcas, Rose Comb Brown Leghorns, B. P. Eocks, Brahmas and Buff Orpingtons. As in former years, the Black Minorcas have been the best layers, and their eggs are large; the E. C. Brown Leghorns laid nearly as many eggs as the Black Minorcas, but their eggs were s iiar-cr. Of the last three named breeds, the B. P. Eocks are the best layers. Brahmas and Buff Orpingtons are about equal with us as layers, but the B. P. Eocks and Buff Orpingtons mature earlier than the Brahmas and all three breeds arc good sitters, and good mothers, and are profitable as layers until two and a half years old, when they are apt to get too fat and lay fewer eggs. The hens are kept in breeding pens, with yards attached, from January 1 to July 1. During the rest of the year they are allowed to run at large. They are seldom troubled with any disease except sometimes a little rheumatism, which is caused by the wet weather; but crows, hawks and skunks carry off a good many chickens, even after they are well grown. We have had an average of 60 i>er cent of chickens from eggs put into the in- cubator. These chickens are raised in a brooder, which is kept in a brooder-house, and have been strong and thrifty, but they have not been either stronger or healthier than chickens hatched and raised by hens,^ nor has the per cent of loss been greater from any cause. The hens are fed mixed grains, | wheat, | oats and ^ pease, sunflower seeds in the fiutumn, and during the coldest weather in winter they get once a day boiled roots and chop mixed, and a cabbage head or some vegetable always before them. 458 EXPEL'I21EXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The lien-house is whitewasiied several times a year. The roosts and nest boxes are movable, so as to be easily cleaned and renewed, and they are given clean chaff or straw on a swept floor once a week. EXPEKIMENTS \^^TH OATS. Forty-three varieties of oats were sown on one-fortieth of an acre plots. The soil was a sandy loam, in fair condition, having been in corn the previous year and the corn had been planted on clover stubble with a luxuriant aftergrowth of clover turn- ed under. The mountain close on the east side of the field and a fir wood on the west deprived it of the early morning and evening sunshine, and perhaps on this account aided the spread and growth of rust, which was more or less in evidence in all the varieties, and which lessened the yield to a considerable degree. All were sown April 16. OATS — TEST OF VARIETIES. 1 Name of Variety. bib 'S "So Cliaracter of Straw, a> M t4-t o Kind of Head. u [5) Yield per Acre. ^1 "5) Rusted 3 c3 o ^ ^ ^ In. In. Lbs. 1 Golden Fleece Aug. 8 114 44 Medium . . 10 Branching. . 5,520 67 2 36 Slightly. o White Giant „ 13 119 46 1! 9 II . . 5,400 61 m 3bJj II .s Thousand Dollar „ 11 117 42 « 10 ti 5,200 61 6 38 Consid'ably . 4 Holstein Prolific 8 114 40 Strong 10 II 5.840 60 20 34i II f> Irish Victor M 12 M 13 118 119 40 42 Medium . . 10 8 Sided Half sided.. 5,520 5,080 60 59 10 24 30 36 6 Kendal White Badly. Pense Black „ 12 118 46 II 9 Branching . . 5,681 59 14 35i II 8 8 M 12 8 114 118 114 44 44 46 II 10 8 9 Sided... ." Branching , . 5,800 5,840 59 58 4 28 18 30 35i 36i Slightly. f) Olive Black „ 10 Improved Ligowo. .. 5,600 58 ,1 n Buckbee's Illinois . . . M 12 117 44 II 9 II 5,400 58 8 3b Badly. 1^ Improved American . „ 13 119 46 II 9 " 5,600 57 32 34^ Slightly. IS „ 13 „ 10 M 10 „ 13 119 110 116 119 46 44 44 42 Stiff"...'.; Medium . . 10 9 10 10 Sided.....;'. Branching. . Sided- 5,920 5,840 5,800 5,800 til 57 57 56 22 22 2 26 3dA 35i 35 34i Badly. 14 Slightly. I'S w Kendal lilack BadlJ^ 17 Abundance ., 13 119 40 II 9 Branching . . 5,360 56 26 36 II IS Olive White n 12 118 46 II 9 Sided 5,680 56 16 3bf Consid'ably . li) Pioneer 9 115 42 11 9 Branching . . 5,520 56 16 3b Badly. 20 21 8 M 11 114 117 44 42 ;; :: 9 10 ;; :: 5,600 5,600 56 55 6 30 35 35i Slightly. Siberian . . Badly. 22i American Triumph. . 8 114 42 Stiflf 9 II 5,o20 55 20 35^ Considably. 23 Pense White 9 115 38 Medium . . 10 11 5,600 bb 10 34 Badly. 24, Wide Awake >i 12 118 40 II 9 II 5,600 54 24 35 25 Twentieth Century . . >■ 12 118 40 II 11 II 5,800 54 14 34i Slightly. 26 27 „ 11 8 117 114 40 44 II 9 10 II 5,520 5,600 54 53 4 28 36 Black Beauty 35 Badly. 28,Milford White .... „ 12 118 44 II 9 Sided 5,520 53 18 Zbl 29 3C 8 9 114 115 46 46 If 11 9 Branching.. 5,920 5,120 52 52 32 27 36A 35" Consid ably. Swedish Select „ 31 Golden Giant „ 15 121 4t II 9 Sided 5,680 52 22 Mi Badly. 32 Golden Tartarian „ 15 121 42 Stiff 11 1, 5,840 52 12 3o Consid'ably . 33 Scotch Potato M 13 119 40 Medium. . 10 Branching.. 5,840 51 26 3bi Slightly. 34 Danish Island 9 115 42 11 9 II 5,760 51 16 36 II 35 Swedish Probstey. ,. „ 10 IIG 46 II 9 II 5,920 51 6 36 Badly, 36 (American Beauty „ 15 i 121 41 II 10 11 4,960 50 30 3b 11 37 3f Mennonite 9 ! ., 9 115 115 44 40 1, 10 9 1, 5,600 5,440 50 50 2b 20 3:) 35 Slightly. ) Karlv Golden Prolific. 39. Columbus ,. 12 118 41 Weak . . . . 8 II 5,400 50 10 30 Badly. 4f ) Goldan Beauty „ 13 119 42 Medium. . 10 11 5,600 50 34^ II 41 Milford (black) 8 114 38 11 8 ■I 5,400 49 24 '6o It 4' .'.(ioldfinder .. 13 „ 12 119 j lis 40 46 1, ;; 9 11 ;; ;; 5,360 5,840 48 47 28 2J 34i 35 Consid'ably . 4: JlSensation " REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SIIARPE 457 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH BARLEY. Thirty-five varieties of barley Averc sowii this year, twenty of -whic'li were six- rowed sorts, and fifteen two-rowed. The land for this test was a sandy loam which iiad been in clover and v.-as t5p dressed in the spring of 1902 with about twelve tons of barn-yard manure, a heavy growth of clover was ploughed under in the fall of that year and repeatedly disked and harrowed in the spring of 1903, and a crop of potatoes grown on it, which left it in good condition for barley this season. The yields have been fairly good, and owing to bright, dry harvest weather, the sample is good. The plots were all one-fortieth of an acre and all sown April 23. There was no rust or smut on any of the varieties grown. SIX-ROWED BARLEY TEST OF VARIETIES. Niuiie of Variety, Albert . Mensnry Claufie Oderbruth Bronie Odessa Common Empire Argyle Baxter Stella.. Cliatripion Garfield Trooper Summit Mansfield Yale Nugent Royal Rennie'sim proved bb i m'E Date of !l Ripening. '-' o ^ Aug. 4.. 102 4.. 102 4.. 102 II '^ 100 (>.. 104 1.. 99 4.. 102 M 0. . 103 5. . 103 2.. 100 M 12.. 110 1.. 99 5.. 103 M 14.. 112 M 10.. 108 6.. 104 1. 13.. 111 1, 11.. 109 9.. 107 2.. 100 j I s In. 38 .^8 36 42 39 44 30 40 40 36 36 38 38 38 39 38 40 44 40 40 Chara of Stur In 'Medium j 3 Strong I 3 Medium i 3 Strong. . . Medium . . Strong Medium . . Strong. . . . Medium, . Kind of Head. Si.x-rovred Weight of St!-a\v. Yield per Acre. Strong. . . Medium . 1.520 1,720 1,320 1,640 720 1,200 1,600 1,320 1,240 520 1,440 1,420 760 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,420 1,720 1,520 63 62 60 58 57 57 5() 55 55 54 53 53 51 50 50 48 48 47 46 45 3 Lbs. 1-1 36 4S3 24 •18 J; 40 48.i G 4S| 21 49 14 -18 12 4H 20 48^ 49 28 48\ 26 48i 6 48 12 481 50 481 40 iSi 36 48 26 48^ 24 iS} 12 48 48 TWO-ROWED BARLEY TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety Logan Danish Chevalier . Sidney Canadian Thorj>e. Stand well Jarvis French Chevalier. Gordon Beaver Newton Fulton Dunham Harvey Invincible Clifford Date of Ripening Aug. 10. 12. 13. 10. 13. 11. 12. 8. 10. 13. 9. 9. 8. 11. 9. Ou3 109 111 112 109 112 110 111 107 109 112 108 108 107 110 108 Ch.aracter of Straw. In. 40 Bright & stiff. 40 Medium In. Kind of Head. Weight of Straw. Strong.. . Medium . 43 41 43 46 47 40 44 40 Strong 40 Medfum 43 38 42 I Strong, 44 34 two- rowed 3h 31 31 o 31 4 3 3 3 3 3* 3 3 3 1,600 1,360 1,720 320 400 1,840 1,720 1,120 1,400 1,280 1,440 1,480 1,600 1,400 1,840 Yield per Acre. H k; p5 67 56 56 56 56 52 52 51 50 50 50 49 48 46 45 aw Lbs. 49 49 48 49 48 481 491 49" 49 48i 49 48^ 481 48 48 453 EXPERIMENTAL FA h'M r, 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 1905 EXPERIMENTS WITH SPRIXG WHEAT. Thirty-six varieties of spring wheat were tested in plots of one-fortieth of an acre each. The land was a sandy loam, had been in grass for two years, followed by corn in 1903, and although the yields are not heavy the sample is good as it "had fine dry weather for harvest. The plots were sown at the rate of one and a half bushels per acre. All the plots were sown April 25, and were free from rust or sm;it. SPRING WHEAT — TE£;T OF VARIETIES. Length ■ Kind of ! of Head. I He.^d. 3 Beaidless. 4 M 3 11 3 n 3i 11 3i ti 3i 11 '-^5 .. 31 I. 4 ,, 3 11 3 11 3 11 3 11 3 Berried.. 3 Beardless. 3 11 3 11 31 Bearded . . 3 Beardless . 31 Bearded . . 3 Beardless . 3 Bearded . . 31 Beardless . 31 1. 3 11 31 Berried.. 31 ,, 3 Beardless . 3 Be-arded . . 31 Beardless . 31 „ 2h 11 3 Bearded . . Lb.s. 5,400 5,800 5,(ino 5,800 5,800 5,700 5,000 6,080 4,520 5,840 O,(JO0 5,520 5,400 5,600 5,800 5,680 0,320 5,4P0 .5,000 6,080 5,680 6,000 6,200 0,400 5,GS0 6,000 5,600 6,400 5,810 5,560 5,520 5,480 5,000 .5, 680 5,000 5,600 Yield per Acre. 33 32 32 32 31 30 30 29 28 28 27 27 27 27 27 27 26 26 26 26 25 25 25 24 24 23 23 23 22 22 22 22 20 18 IS 17 20 40 20 10 40 2) 40 30 20 2) 10 50 40 30 56 40 20 20 40 20 50 40 20 40 40 20 MACARONI WHEAT. Four varieties of this class of wheat were sown in plots of the same size along- side of the bread wheat plots. The yields are fairly good, but not better than in the regular classes, and as all of them are heavily bearded, they are not better than in become popular. There was no rust or smut in any of tliese plots. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SflARPE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 MACAi;0\I WHEAT — TKST OF VAUIiairiS. 459 Name of Variety. Goose Mahmoudi Yellow Gharnovlca. Koumanian Date of Ripen- Aug. 15. ,. 20. M 19. u 17. ^ i-1 Chai-acter of Straw. In. 112 47'Stiff and bright. 114i 4Si 116; 46 114 48 _: ^ ^2 Kind of Head. 0) T > In. Lbs. 31 Bearded 6,400 3h II 5,600 3 11 5,440 31 ,1 5,'i00 Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 29 20 28 .. 26 40 26 .. Proportion Rusted. Xo rust or .smut. EJIMER AXD SPELT. Four plots of this class were sown alongside of the wheat plots. The yields are very fair and the straw is bright and clean, and is eaten by cattle as a change in their rations, more readily than wheat or oat straw. From reports of samples sent to the dry parts of the interio.r it has in each case given satisfactory yields, but the bearded sorts are dislilicd. EMMEU AND SPELT — TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Date of Ripening. 'Si o 2 Character of .Straw. Length of Head. Kind of Head. Wei-ht of Straw. Weight of Grain as threshed. Aug. 20. . . M 20. . 11 19. . . u 18... 1. 20. . . 1, 19 . . 117 In. 36 Weak In. 2 3 3h 2i 5 2 Bearded .... Beardless. . . Bearded .... Beardless. . . Bearded .... Lbs. 5,360 5,600 5,840 5.680 5,240 5,520 ■ Lbs. 1,920 117 ! 40 116 40 115 38 117 33 116 36 Strong 1,840 Red Spelt . . Medium Weak ..'.'.".'.'.. 1.680 South Dakota No. 524 White Spelt 1,660 1,590 Bouth Dakota No. 3. . 1,470 PEASE. Thirty-three varieties of field pease were tested this year. They were sown on s.'indy loam which had a heavy growth of clover turned under. The land was in apple orchard and although a strip of six feet on each side of the rows of apple trees was left unsown, yet the shade of the trees injured the crop and lessened the yield. The clear dry weather at hai^est time allowed the crop to be harvested in g-ood condition. The following is a statement of the yields computed from plots of one-fortieth of au acre each. 460 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS PEASE TEST CF VARIETIES. 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Name of Variety. Kent Macoun Canadian Beauty. . . . . Daniel O'Rourke German White ...... Duke White Marrowfat Victoria Early Britain English Grey Prince Wisconsin Blue Gregory Mummy Crown Pride Mackay Prussian Blue Paragon. . . Carleton King Black-eyed Marrowfat . Nelson White Wonder Prince Albert Pear) Arthur Canadian Beauty Golden Vine. . , Picton Archer Agnes Chancellor. . Date of Ripen- ing. 1 I Aug. 122 123 118 116 116 123 122 123 IIG 120 122 119 120 119 115 117 121 116 123 119 119 IIG 119 115 120 123 120 118 117 123 123 120 123 Character of Growth. Stron? Medium . Strong. . . Medium. Strong. . . Medium. Strong. . . Medium. Strong. Medium . Strong. . . Medium . Strong. . . Medium . Strong. . . Length of Straw. In. 51 56 40 56 58 50 48 50 56 46 60 58 56 54 54 56 48 58 60 54 50 56 56 48 68 50 56 56 50 50 55 54 Lbs. 5,600 5,400 5,200 5,040 5,400 5,6S0 5,640 5,360 5,400 5,520 5,200 5,280 5,200 5,600 5,440 5,600 5,600 5,520 5,200 5,680 5,440 5,720 4,800 5,840 5,200 5,320 5,690 5,200 5,920 5,000 5,240 5,360 5,280 In. Size of Pea. Large Small . . Medium. Large... Medium Large.. . . Small . . . Medium. Small . . . Large.. . . Medium. Large Medium . . , Small .'.'. Large Very large Small .... Medium . Yield per Acre. 3 Xi 40 . 38 50 38 40 .38 40 38 30 37 30 37 20 36 40 35 40 35 30 35 20 34 40 34 20 34 33 20 33 32 50 32 40 32 30 32 20 32 10 32 30 40 30 30 30 20 29 20 28 40 28 30 28 10 28 27 20 27 10 26 40 Lbs. 62i 62" 61 61i 63 60-J, 60" 61 62 60 601 61" 60 6U 6ll 61" 60i 60" 61 62 60^ 60 61 6U 62' 61 62i 61| 60i 60" 62 62 EXPERIMENTS WITH INDIAN CORN. Nineteen varieties of corn were tested this year on soil which was quite sandy. This had been in wheat the previous year, and with the wheat abovit 10 lbs. of red clover seed wa.s sown. The clover made a strong growth after the wheat was harvested, and was ploughed under early the following spring, and harrowed several times before the corn was planted. As in previous years, all the varieties were tested in drills three feet apart in the drill, and the corn thinned to about six inches apart, and in hills three feet apart ench way, and about three plants in the hill. In tliLs district where there is as a rule plenty of rain all summer, and a great deal of foliage on the stalks, we have generally found a better development of ears when grown in hills, and where there was corn on the ear it was more matured than that in the rows. Further, the hills give more room for air and sunlight, and a better chance to fight the weeds, as the horse hoe can be used both ways. This probably more than compensates for the larger crops secured from REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARRE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 161 the drills. All the plots were sown May 20, and cut October 8, 10 and 11. Four rows one hundred feet long were planted, and the weight per acre computed from the crop obtained from 66 feet of the two centre rows in each case. IXDIAX COHX TEST OF VARIETIES. Name of Variety. Compton's Early Superior Fodder Salzer's All Gold Mammoth Cuban Eureka Angel of ]\Iidnight Giant Prolific Ensilage. . . Red Cob Ensilage Early Butler Cloud's Early Yellow Champion White Pearl. . . Pride of the North White Cap Yellow Dent. . Longfellow King Philip Selected Learning ... . . Early Mastodon North Dakota White Evergreen Sugar When Tasselled . Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. 18.. 4.. 10. . 12.. 28 . 24.. 1.. 28.. 24.. 18.. 4.. 1.. 1.. IS.. IC. 28.. 4.. 26.. G.. In Silk. Aug. Sept. Oct. ISept. 24. 20. 28. 30. 14. 10. 20. 1. 5. 7. 20. 14. 1.^). 3. 14. 22. 1. 12. 20. Earlv Milk. Condition when out. Sept. 20. Oct. a. Sept. 30. Oct. 0. Sept. 20. „ 30. ,, 24. I Oct. 1. I „ 8. Sept. 30. I >. 20, Oct. 8. I >. 1. Oct. Roasting ear Eais formed In silk. . . Early milk Late milk, Early milk, Late milk. Early milk Late milk, Early milk In silk Early milk Weight per Acre grown in Rows. Eh i.q 19 1,840 18 88 16 1,440 16 5C0 14 600 14 480 13 1,500 13 1,500 13 400 12 240 11 1,540 11 1,430 10 1,560 10 1,120 10 20 9 1,800 9 1,690 7 300 5 670 Weight per Acre grown in Hills. H ^ 15 360 15 800 15 1,240 10 1,240 15 800 11 1,800 14 1,480 13 620 11 13 13 12 110 180 400 90 11 1,980 9 1,800 9 700 10 240 8 1,820 8 1,380 5 10 EXPEEIMENTS WITH TUENIPS. Twenty-five vainetles of turnij^js were tested this year. The land was a sandy loam which had given a crop of wheat in 1902, and was seeded with clover with the wheat, top dressed with about 12 tons of barnyard manure per acre in the winter of 1902 and 1903. The clover, which was a fine stand, was mown twice in 1903, and a fine aftermath turned under in November of 1903. It was disked and harrowed, and given another light dressing of stable manure in early spring. This was well worked into the soil with disk and drag, and the land was in good condition when the seed was sown. Two sowings of each sort were made, the first May 13, and the second May 27. Had the sea- son been a normal one there would doubtless have been a heavy yield. All were sown on the fiat in drills, four rows of 100 feet length, 30 inches apart, were sown in each test, and the yield per acre computed from 66 feet of the two centre rows. All were harvested October 24. EXPERIMENTAL FAiniS 4-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 TURNIPS TEST OF VARIETIES. Nivirie of V.ariety. Carter's Elejdiant Halovvood's HronzeTop. Elephant's Master Bangholm St^ected East Lothian : . Prize Purple Top Perfection Swede Skirvings. Magnum Boiiuni Drnmmond Puriile Top. Kangaroo Good Luck Selected Purple Top . . . . Imperial Swede Hall's Westbury .Jumbo . . . . Im[)roved Elephant ISIammoth Clyde (^ueen . Emperor Swede . . Empress Sutton's Champion Hartley's Bronze . . Bronze Globe New Century .... 1st Plot Sown. May 13 2nd Plot Sown. 1st Plot 2nd Plot Pulled. ! Pulled. May 27|Oct. 24 Oct. 24 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. H r-s" :is 1, ;'.7 1, .34 1, 34 1, 34 1. 30 28 1, 28 20 2!5 25 1, 25 1. 25 24 1, 24 23 1, 23 I 22 1, I 22 1, 22 I 22 20 I 19 L (!85 870 550 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. 23 1,344 1,314 1,202 '.KiO! 1,265 040 1,165 305! 1,155 140ll,152 390 1,000 750 962 100935 470874 .';05371 480 8.58 315855 820 847 005:816 510 808 190,786 200:770 870:704 375:756 880748 220737 425 073 115635 Yield Yield per Acre. per Acre. 2nd Plot 2nd Plot H 31 32 34 35 40 29 31 30{3S 3031 .. 23 15 v-5 W i_3 205 1,036 45 1,6701,094 30 6401,144 000il,170 520] 1,342 l,940!l,100 1,360:1,050 1,2201,287 4011,030 860| 781 40 10 45 25 24 23 25 ..121 45I2O 30 21 30 490 1,005 l,190l 820 900 790 900 880 1,890 841 810 780 847 715 679 715 748 731 30 1,535! 1,058 45 1,170| 819 30 1,300 1.230 1,830 1,620 1,056 .. 720 30 830 30 627 .. EXPERIMENTS WITH CARROTS. Ten varieties of carrots were included in the test this year. As in the other root tests, two separate sowings were made of each variety. The first sowing was made April 25, and the second two weeks later, on May 9. As in previous years, the intermediate or Vosges sorts yield better than the long sorts, and are much easier and consequently cheaper to harvest, and less liable to be broken in handling. Four rows of each sort, each 100 feet long, were sown, and the yield per acre computed from the yield of 66 feet of the two centre rows. These test plots were alongside of the mangels and the soil conditions were the same. The drills were 30 inches apart. All were harvested October 24. CARROTS — TK.ST OF VARIETIKS I I ■f j Name of Variety. Giant White Vosge.s .... Carter's Orange Giant. . , jVIammoth White Inter mediate '. Ontario Champion Early Gem Long Yellow Stump Rooted White Belgian New White Intermediate Improved Short White. .. Half Long Chantenay . . . 1st Plot Sown. Ai>ril 25 25 2nd Plot Sown. May 1st Plot Pulled. Oct. 2nd Plot Pulled. Oct. Yield per Acie. 1st Plot. 21 1,232 17 050 Yield ■field per i per Acre, i Acre. 1st Plot, i 2nd Plot. 24 13 520 24 13 355 24 13 4C0 12 1,080 11 1,760 11 770 9 1,460 8 1,820 m 720 577 442 439 440 151 Yielr; per Acre. 2nd Plot 418 390 . . 379 30 324 20 297 . . 19 9 13 11 12 11 10 10 11 1-3 I OlOj 9751 490i 1,7G0| 585j 440 1,780 955 G05l 043 310 440 390 409 374 363 349 376 266 REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 463 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH MAXGELS. Eighteen varieties of mangels were tested this season. Two sowings of each sort were made, the first sown April 25, and the second May 9. Four rows of 100 feet long, 30 inches apart were sown at each sowing of each variety, and the weight of the yield computed from 66 feet of the two centre rows in each case. The land was prepared as in the turnip test, and was of the same character. The seed did not germinate evenly and the stand was very irregular, making a light yield per acre. The stand was lighter in the eaidy sown plants than in the second seines, but the roots were larger and better grown. All were pulled October 22. MAXfJELS — TEST OF \ ARIETIES. Xaine of Variety. IjUiant Yellow Globe. . . . 2j Yellow Intermediate. . SjMamuioth Long Red. . . 4 Triumph Yellow Globe. 5[Gianc Sugar Mangel . . . 6 Perfection 7iHaIf Long Sugar White. 8j Prize Winner Yellow I Globe 9 Selected Yellow Globe. . . 10 j Mammoth Yellow In- termediate 11 j Lion Yellow Intei-me- diate 12 Prize Mammoth Long Red 13 Gate Post 14 Leviathan Long Red .... 15 Giant Yellow Interme- diate 16 Selected Mammoth Long Red 17 Golden Giant 18 Half Long Sugar Rosy.. l.^t Plot Sown. April 25 M 25 M 25 ,. 25 „ 25 II 25 M 25 ,. 25 „ 25 M 25 M 25 „ 25 M 25 „ 25 „ 25 ,T 25 „ 25 ,. 25 May 1st Plot Pulled. Oct. 2nd Plot Pulled Oct. 22 12 1,34J 12 288 10 1,272 541 12 308 . . 554 24 .300 5S 453 12 460 34 451 .. 053 24 433 24 448 48 4()0 24 471 48 246 24 4.S1 12 7 1,576: 259 36 13 796 446 36 8 1,160 286 .. EXPERIMENTS WITH SUGAR BEETS. Eight varieties of sugar beet seed were sown alongside the mangels. The soil was of the same nature and the preparation was the same. Two sowings of each sort wore made, but the seed did not germinate sufficiently in any of the plots to admit of any estimate as to their relative productiveness. POTATOES. Forty-six varieties of potatoes were tested this year. The land was sandy loam which had been heavily dressed with barn-yard manure in the spring of 1903 and sown to pease. It was fall-ploughed last fall and harrowed every few days from early in the spring until May 12, when the potatoes were planted. They were planted in drills thirty inches apart and the .sets one foot apart in the drill. They were oar- 161 EXPElil MEN TA L FA . . J.i 6' 4-5 EDWA-aD VII., A. 1905 rowed three times before they were well up, which with the harrowing given the ground before planting, left the land pretty clean and cultivation with the horae hoe and two sprayings with Bordeaux mixture, one on July 8, the other three weeks later, was all the treatment given until they were dug. The yields in most cases are very fair and the quality is excellent. There was no rot in any of the varieties. Four rows of one hunclred feet each were planted, and the yield calculated from the weight obtained from sixty-six feet of the two centre rows. The seed used was in each case medium sized, smooth potatoes cut in two strong eyes in each set. All were dug September 20 and 21. POTATOES — TEST OF VARIETIES. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2(i 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 .34 35 3G 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 4G Enormous Uncle Sam Daniel's Sensation . . Rose No. 9 Rawdon Rose .Sabean's Elephant . . Holborn Abundance. Country Gentleman . I.X.L Name of Variety. Seedling No. 7 Empire State Rochester Rose Cambridge Russet Prolific Rose Clay Rose General Gordon Reeves' Rose Early St. George Pearce Swiss Sno^vflake Vick's Extra EariJ' State of Maine A merican Wcmder Late Puritan Early Rose Sutton's Invincible New Califurnia Dreer's Standard Penn Manor Blue Beauty Eveiett Carman No. 1 Sutton's Supreme Delaware Burnaby Seedling American Giant. . . Canadian Beauty Bovee Early Andes . Carman No. 3. ... . . Trisli Cobbler Maule's Thoroughbred Early Envoy litoneymaker . Kurly White Prize .... Pingree Total Yield per Acre. Yield per Acre of Marketable. Bush. Lbs. 528 519 12 492 48 479 36 471 08 457 30 45« 30 453 12 448 48 440 435 36 435 36 431 12 426 48 422 24 422 24 419 40 415 16 409 12 404 48 402 36 39() 20 393 48 391 36 390 30 389 378 24 376 12 366 36 361 8 356 44 334 24 325 36 320 52 312 24 308 00 .305 48 290 24 288 12 270 36 237 36 220 36 215 36 206 48 176 Bush. Lbs. 486 12 475 20 441 20 443 .. 408 .. 376 08 411 57 366 30 371 42 399 18 352 .. 348 .. 345 .. 323 12 341 18 336 54 340 48 358 04 334 16 328 .. 325 18 301 36 317 .. 324 . . 274 08 292 54 311 .. 255 54 319 42 275 .. 316 .. 285 20 267 24 244 06 272 52 250 .. 246 .. 244 18 217 54 201 42 216 36 142 36 156 .56 167 36 155 18 100 . . Yield per Acre of Unmarket- able. Bush. Lbs. 85 48 52 40 77 52 49 48 71 36 95 .. 45 45 90 .. 81 30 49 30 88 .. 87 36 90 36 108 .. 85 30 84 30 81 36 61 36 81 .. 81 12 79 30 101 .. 79 20 78 48 117 28 97 36 78 . 113 30 56 30 91 36 45 08 71 24 67 .. 81 30 48 . . 02 24 62 .. 61 30 72 30 86 30 54 .. 95 .. 69 40 48 30 51 30 70 .. Form and Colour. Long, white. Round, white. Oval, white. Long, rose. Long, flat, whits. Round, white. Long, pink and white. Long, flat, pink. Long, red. Long, pink and white. Long, rose. Oblong, russet. Oblong, rose. Oval, pink. Long, rose. Long, white. Long, pink and white. Long, white. Round, pale rote. Long, pink. Long, flat, white. Long, white. Oblong, rose. Long, white. Round, white. Oval, white. Long, red. Oval, blue Oblong, red. Round, white. Long, white. Round, white. Li>ng, rose. Long, white. Long, flat, pink. Long, rose. Rovind, rose. Oblong, white. Round, white. Long, rose. Long, pink and white. Long, white, Oblong, whita. REl'VliV OF MU. THOMAS A. SIlAlirB SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 CUT VERSUS WHOLE SEED POTATOES. 465 A test was made as to the relative merit and cost of large and medium small cut seed and medium sized whole sets. The plots were arranged as in the uniform test plots, drills thirty inches apart and in the ease of the cut sets one foot apart in the drills, and in the wiiole sets they were eighteen inches apart in the drill. Two plantings were made in each case, the first April 12, and the second April 25. Plots 1 and 2A. — The seed was cut from large potatoes and the sets were fairly large and each had not less than three eyes, and weighed on an average about 1 ounce each. Plots 1 and 2B. — The seed was cut from smooth even average sized potatoes and the sets were cut to two eyes each, and would average about |- oz, each. Plots 1 and 2C. — The sets were whole, smooth, even-sized potatoes, averaging from 2J to 3i oz. each. All were dug September 21, at which time the tops were ripened and dead. Name of Variety. Rose No. 9, plot 1 A ; cut seed, large sets . . „ 2A M .. .. II IB; cut seed, 2 eves t(3 sets .. 2B 1 C ; large, whole sets u 2C Planted. April IS.. .. 25.. .. 18.. M 25.. .. IS.. Total j Yield per Yield per j Acre of Acre. ! ^Marketable. Yield per -.t- • , , , Acre of 1^^ eigh* of Unm.arket- ^^f^ able. l^^"" *^^''^- Bush. Lbs. 620 18 572 .. 591 16 545 36 786 24 I 673 . . Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 474 .. 436 .. 510 16 451 36 600 .. 519 .. 146 18 136 .. 81 .. 94 .. 186 24 154 . . Lb.';. 1,090 1,040 780 760 2,100 2,048 SUMMAEY OF CEOPS. Tons. Hay 114 Corn for ensilage an,l ice': ;.->:c:: (37 Clover in silo 56 Turnips 17 Mangels '. 8 Carrots 2 Oats 7 Pease 3 Wheat 1 Barley 2 Potatoes 4 Lbs. 1,900 000 1,000 1,000 SOO 500 1,000 FODDER PLANTS. The following millets and other fodder plants were tested on plots of one-fortieth of an acre each. The millets were sown April 22, bixt as only about ten per cent of the seed ger- minated, the plots were ploughed and sown with rape : — Plot 1.— Italian Millet. Plot 4.— Green California. Plot 2.— Pearl Millet. Plot 5.— White Pound. Plot 3.— Hungarian Millet. Plot 6.— Penicillaria. 16—30 466 EXPERIMENTAL FARMiS 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 1905 HORSE BEANS. Three plots of horse beans were sown April 25. Plot 7, sown in drills 21 inches apart; seed did not germinate evenly. Growth poor, stalks about 20 inches long, not well podded. "Weight when cut 2 tons 840 lbs. Plot 8, 28 inches apart in the drill; stalks 24 to 30 inches long; not many pods; weight when cut 2 tons 1,620 lbs. Plot 9, 35 inches apart in the drill; pods 2 to 2 J inches long; not well filled; weight when cut 2 tons 1,080 lbs. These plots were badly infested with aphis early in August, vvdiich doubtless re- duced the yield; cut October 10 to October 31. Soja Beans.' — These make a better growth on our warm sandy soil than the horse bean, and as they branch freely, and have a great deal of foliage, as well as many pods, the tattle, horses, pigs and sheep are very fond of them, and on rich land fairly heavy crops can be raised, but clover can be grown so much more cheaply and more feed per acre can be got from clover, that it does not pay except under exceptional conditions to raise Soja beans, especially as the seed seldom ripens sufR-ciently to be of use. Three plots vrere sown April 25 and harvested October 10, at which time a fair percentage of the pods contained seeds in a nearly matured state. Plot 10, sown at 21 inches apart in the drill; a fair even stand; well podded and pery leafy ; pods 1 to 1^ inches long, containing from 1 to 3 seeds each ; stalks 24 to 30 inches, and well branched; weight when cut 4 tons 400 lbs. Plot 11, sown at 28 inches apart in the drill; well j)odded; veiy leafy and well (branched; pods more matured than where closer together in the drills; weight when cut 4 tons 1,160 lbs. Plot 12, sown at 35 inches apart in the drills; a fine stand; stallcs 30 to 40 inches long; well branched and very leafy; well podded and the pods and seeds more mature than those on the plots where the drills were closer together; weight when cut 4 tons 1,040 lbs. per acre. CLOVER VKRSrS CORN FOR ENSILAGE. As the weather in June is so often showery, that hay is very difficult to harvest and as clover makes good ensilage, it was thought desirable to compare the crop of an acre of average clover, with an acre of corn. Clover had been seeded in the spring of 1903, and immediately after the wheat crop with which it was grown had been harvested a dressing of about ten tons per acre of barn-yard manure was applied, direct from the stable as fast as it was made, and in spring was harrowed to break up the maiiure. The first cutting was made June 20, a bright clear day, and the crop was hauled^ direct to the barn, weighed and put into the silo. The second crop was cut August 3 and put into the silo. The first cutting weighed 13 tons 273 pounds, second cutting, 12 tons 1,450 pounds, making a yield of 25 tons 1,723 pounds per acre. One acre of Compton's Early corn, which is one of the best for this locality, planted May 20 and cut October 8, when in roasting ear weighed 19 tons 1,840 pounds, making a difference of nearly six tons per acre in favour of clover. There is a difference in favour of the clover in the cost of production and also in the condition in which the land is left for further cropping. GAEDEN VEGETABLES. TvADlSiTKS. — Sown April 11. Early Scarlet Turnip. Fit for use, May 8. Crisp, sweet. Olive-shaped Scarlet. Eit for use.. May 12. Crisp. Ercncli Breakfast. Eit for use, May 20. Very good. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHAIiPE 467 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Lettuce. — Sown April 12. Big Boston, Fit for use. May 18. Crisp, tender. Nonpareil Cabbage. Fit for use, May 20. Fine heads, sweet and crisp. Deacon. Fit for use. May 24. Solid, crisp, sweet. All the Year Bound. Fit for use, IMay 28. Solid, fine quality. Carrots. — Sown April 12. French Horn. Fit for table, June 9. Very sweet and crisp. Half Long Scarlet Nantes. Fit for table, June 20. Fine flavoured. Luc Half Long. Fit for table, July 8. Very sweet, crisp. Long Scarlet Altringham. Fit for table, July 20. Crisp; sweet; good. Table Ttrxips. — Sown April 10. Early White Milan. Fit for table, June 10. Very sweet and fine. Early Snowball. Fit for table, June 14. Rapid grower, good quality. Bed Top Strapleaf. Fit for table, June 14. Bapid grower, very mild. Hazard's Swede. Fit for table, July 28. Very sweet and fine flavoured. Onions. — Sown April 4. Extra Early Flat Bed. Uniform .size; mild, firm, sweet, very good. Lai'ge Bed Wethersfield. A fine cropper, solid, smooth, mild, good. Yellow Globe Danvers. [Medium size, solid, mild, good. Cabbage. — Sown in beds in open ground April 10, and transplanted ]\ray 19. Eureka. Fit for table, July 11. Heads small; solid, crisp, fine flavour. A good ■header. Express. Fit for table, July 14. Heads small; medium solid; fine, crisp, sweet. Extra Early Midsummer Savoy. Fit for table, July 20. Heads soft and open. New Early Flat Head. Fit for table. July 30. Heads medium size, firm, solid, white, fine flavour. Charleston Wakefield. Fit for table. July 30. Heads fijie size, very solid, white, crisp, good. Early Winningstadt. Fit for table, August 16. LTeads rather open and soft. Imt quality good. Green Globe Savoy. Fit for table, September 10. Heads solid, medium size, very sweet, good. Fielderkraut. Fit for table, September 24. Headvs medium size; not solid, but white; crisp, sweet, fine flavour. Fottler's Drumhead. Fit for table, October. A fine uniform header; solid, crisp, and an excellent winter cabbage. Quintal Drumhead. Fit for table, October. Heads large, but not firm and solid. Fottler's Improved Brunsv^dck. Fit for table, October. A regular header. Heads flat, solid, crisp, good, and an excellent keeper. Danish Ball Head. Fit for table, October. Heads round, solid, medium size; a good keeper and of superior quality. Marblehead Mammoth. Fit for table, October. Not a sure header; a coarse, strong grower, but not of fine quality for table. Mammoth Bed Bock. Fit for table, October. Heads solid and very dark red, fine, crisp, sweet, very good. Large German Savoy Drumhead. Fit for table, October, A uniform header; very solid, crisp, sweet, delicate flavoui', and a good keeper. 16— 30i 468 EXPEIUMEMAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Cauliflowers. — Sown April 12; transplanted May 19. Extra Early Selected. Fit for table, July 20. Heads extra fine, large, solid, very white, sweet. Half Early Paris. Fit for table, July 26. Heads small, compact, crisp, and very good. Early Snowball. Fit for table, July 30. A uniform header; heads large, firm, very fine, crisp, delicate. Brocoli. — Sown April 12 and transplanted May 19. Extra Early White. Fit for table, Aiigust 24. A uniform header; heads large, firm, white, flavour delicate, and good. Brussels Sprouts. — Sown April 12 and transplanted May 19. Dwarf Improved. A fine grower, and well furnished with solid, crisp sprouts. Beets. — Sown April 28. Crimson Globe. Fit for table, July 13. A fair size, crisp, sweet, and very dark red. Egyptian. Fit for table, July 20. An even, rapid grower of very fine flavour. Early Blood Turnip. Fit for table, July 20. A crisp, sweet, fine flavoured dark red beet. Long Smooth Blood Bed. Fit for table, September. Very fine quality; sweet, crisp and good; a good keeper. Beans. — Planted May 1. Dwarf Golden Skinless, Eipe, Jnly 13. A dwarf grower; very productive; pods 2 J to 4 inches long; crisp; stringless, and of good quality. Extra Early Edible Podded. Ripe, July 15. A dwarf grower; productive; pods 4 to 5 inches long; quality good. Eoyal Dwarf Kidney. Eipe, July 16. A bushy grower; fairly productive; tender and of pleasant flavour. Crystal White Wax. Eipe, July 19. A bushy grower; fairly productive; pods 4 to 5 inches long; plump, crisp, and of good flavour. Fame of Yitry. Eipe, July 20. A strong grower ; productive ; pods 4 to 6 inches long; crisp, tender, of pleasant flavour, good. Dwarf Emperor of Russia. Ripe, July 20. A bushy, strong grower ; very produc- tive; pods 4 to 5 inches long; crisp, and of very fine flavour. Dwarf Inexhaustible. Ripe, July 22. Very dwarf; bushy; productive; pods 3 to 5 inches long; crisp, of very pleasant flavour, good. Dwarf Black Speckled. Ripe, July 24. Dwarf; bushy; productive; pods 4 to 6 inches long; fleshy, crisp, juicy, and of very pleasant flavour. Garden Pease. — Sown April 4. Sutton's May Queen. Fit for table, June 18. Pods 2 to 3 inches long; well filled; pease of medium size; good quality; productive. Alaska. Fit for table, June 18. Vines well podded; pods well filled with pease of fine flavour and quality. American Wonder. Fit for table, June 20. Vines short, and well furnished with long, well filled penis of sweet, fine-flavoured pease. Nott's Excelsior. Fit for table, June 22. A fine cropper, and fine-flavoured pease. Premium Gem. Fit for table, June 24. Vines 2 feet long, and productive; pods long, and well filled. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SUARPE 469 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 McLean's Advancer. Fit for table, Jnne 30. Vines 2-i to 30 inches long; well podded; pease of medium size, and very fine quality. Gradus. Fit for table, July 2. Vines 30 to 36 inches long-, and well furnished with long, well filled pods ; pease large, sweet and good. Heroine. Fit for table, July 4. Vines 20 to 24 inches long; a fine producer; pods long, well filled ; pease large, and very superior in quality. Sutton's Conqxieror. Fit for table, July 7. Productive; pods long, well filled with large pease of very fine quality. Duke of Albany. Fit for table, July 10. Fairly productive; pods long, and well filled with medium large pease of verj- fine flavour. Admiral. Fit for table, July 11. Vines long and productive; pease large, tender, and of fine quality. Rent Payer. Fit for table, July 11. Vines of medium length ; pods long, and well filled with large pease of superior flavour. Xew Dwarf Telephone. Fit for table, July 15. Vines short, but very productive; pease large, sweet, and of fine flavour. Stratagem. Fit for table, July 15. Vines short; productive; pods long, and well filled; pease large, very sweet, and of fine quality. Sutton's Perfection. Fit for table, July 18. Vines 12 to IS inches long, stout and productive; pease large and fine flavoured. Sutton's Late Queen. Fit for table, July 20. Vines productive; pods containing 5 to 10 large, sweet jieas. Squash. — Planted May 7. Crookneck. Ripe, August 10. Poor growth, but productive. Faxon. Pipe, August 10. Growth uneven; productive; squash flat, 6 to 10 in- ches in diameter; flesh solid, and of good quality. Boston Marrow. Ripe, August 15. Growth feeble; productive; squash 10 to 15 inches long, 4 to 7 inches in diameter ; flesh yellow, rich and sweet. Hardshell Marrow. Ripe, August 15. Growth medium; productive; squash from 9 to 15 inches in length, 5 to 7 inches in diameter; flesh orange; thick, good; very fine quality. Chicago Orange Marrow. Ripe, September 4. Growth vigorous; productive; squash oval, 10 inches by 8; flesh thick, rich, sweet, good. Fordhook. Ripe, September 8. Growth feeble; productive; squash 6 to 10 inches in length, 7 to 9 inches in thickest part ; flesh orange ; very fine qiiality. Essex Hybrid. Ripe, September 10. Growth medium; not productive. Delicata. Ripe, September 10. Growth vigorous; very productive; squash 10 to 12 inches long and 4 to 5 inches in diameter'; skin thin, yellow, streaked with dark green; flesh light yellow, firm, thick, of very good quality; a good keeper. English Vegetable Marrow. Ripe. September 10. Growth medium; productive; squash 10 to 12 inches long, 4 to 6 inches in diameter; flesh pale yellow; quality fair. Michigan. Ripe. September 15. Growth feeble; productive; squash 6 to 12 in- ches long, 3 to 4 inches in diameter; colour dark green; flesh 'solid, of very good quality; similar in size, shape and style of growth to Delicata. Golden HiTbbard. Ripe, September 15. Growth feeble; productive; squash of fair size, and of good quality. Delicious. Ripe. September 20. Growth fair; productive; squash 5 to 8 inches from stem to blossom, and 4 to 8 inches in 'diameter; skin dark green; flesh orange thick, solid, of very good quality; a winter squash. Sweet Corx. — Planted April 20. Premo. Fit for table, August 2. Ears 4 to G inches long; kernels deep, sweet, and of fine flavour. 470 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 First of All. Fit for table, August 4. Ears 4 to 6 inches long, well filled to tip ; corn sweet and finely flavoured. Cory Sugar. Fit for table, August 4. Productive; ears well filled with deep, large kernels of sweet, rich, full flavoured corn. SAMPLES DISTKIBUTED. A large number of sample packages of grain, i^otatoes, nuts and other tree seeds and scions were distributed to farmers by mail in response to applications received from them. From the reports received it is evident that this work is productive of much good. Packages of scions and cuttings 238 3 lb. samples of potatoes 164 3 " oats 153 3 " pease 120 3 " spring wheat 8G 3 " barley 74 Nut and tree seeds, bulbs, -acid. Season. November and December. G3. Royal Russet. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit above medium size, oblate coni- cal. Stalk short. Cavity deep and narrow. Calyx large, closed. Basin small. Skin greenish yellow, nearly overspread with a fine russet. Flesh white, crisp, tender, fiue grained, with a rich, high flavour, nearly sweet. Season, November to January. 64. Reinette de Canada. — Tree a strong grower and an early bearer. Fruit above medium size, conical. Stalk long. Cavity medium deep and wide. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and moderately deep. Skin greenish yellow, with a red cheek and 176 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDVvARD VII., A. 1905 a few yellowish dots. Flesli white, fine grained, juicy, of a brisk, pleasant, acid char- acter. Quality good. Season, November and December. G5. Pigeon Gris. — Tree a vigoroiis grower. Fruit of medium size, conical. Stalk short. Cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx small, closed, narrow and shallow. Skin greenish yellow with a fine russet over the surface. Flesh white, fine grained, mode- rately juicy, with a rich, pleasant flavour ; nearly sweet. Season, November to January. 66. Tom Putt. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit medium to large, globular, conical. Stem medium, and cavity medium in width and depth. Calyx large, open. Basin deep, narrow and corrugated. Skin pale yellow with a small blush in the sun. Flesh white, a little coarse and rather dry; not of fine quality. Season, Xo-<'ember and December. 67. Coh-ille Blanche d'Hiver. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, round- ish, conical. Stem short. Cavity deep and wide. Calyx largs, closed. Basin wide, ■deep and deeply ribbed. Skin yellow with a faint blush in the sun. Flesh yellowish white, fairly juicy, not of high quality. Season, November to January. 68. Yellow ArMcl. — Tree a strong gTower. Fruit medium to large, oblate, conical, heavily ribbed. Stallc short. Cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx large, open. Basin ileep and wide and heavily ribbed. Skin yellow with a mottled red blush and many white dots. Flesh whitish, coarse, juicy, pleasantly sub-acid. Season, Xovember and December. 69. SivinsGvl-a. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit medium to large, conical. Stem short. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin shallow and narrow. Skin greenish yellow, with a bright handsome red cheek, and sprinkled with many white dots. Flesh Vv^hite, a little coarse, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. A fine cooking apple. Season, November and December. 70. Aunt Ginnie. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, conical, irregu- lar, ribbed. Stalk short. Cavity deep and narrow. Calyx moderately open. Basin deep and narrow. Skin yellow, nearly covered with stripes and patches of light and dark red, with a little russet about the stalk. Flesh greenish white, tender, crisp, fairly juicy, mildly sub-acid, witii a pleasant flavour. Season, November and Decem- ber. 71. Ringey. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit above medium size, roundish, flat- tened. Stalk short. Cavity moderately deep and wide. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin greenish yellow, with sometimes a faint blush, and many gray dots. Flesh yellowish, crisp, firm, juicy, pleasantly acid. A very fine cooking apple. Season, November and v/inter. *72. Gospatricl^. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit belov>- medium size, oblong coni- cal. Stalk short. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin yellow, with a red cheek in the sun. Flesh white, crisp, of fine texture, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a very pleasant flavour. Season, November and December. 73. Small's Admirable. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, oblate conical. Stalk long, slender. Cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and of medium depth. Skin greenish yellow, with russet about the cavity, and sprinkled with russet dots about the eye. Flesh white, juicy, mild, crisp, fine grained, nearly sweet, and of a delicate flavour. Season, November and December. 74. Gray French Beinette. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, roundish coni- ical. Stem short. Cavity deep and narrow. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and corrugated. Skin greenish russet. Flesh whitish, juicy, with a rich pleasant flavour; sub-acid. Season, November and December. 75. Jacques Lehel. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit above medium size, roundish oblate. Stalk short. Cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin rich yellow, with a dull red cheek, and many gray dots. Flesh white, fine grained, tender, of a mild, pleasant acid character. Season, November and December. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 477 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 76. Cooper's Seedling. — Tree a feeble grower. Fruit small, roundish globular. Stalk long. Cavity wide and shallow. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and ehallow. Skin greenish yellow, with a purple red cheek and a few gray dots. Flesh white, crisp, moderately juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season, November and December. 77. Ornament de Tahle. — Tree a poor grower. Fruit below medium size, oblate.^ ,Stallc short. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx large, partly open. Basin wide and flat. Skin yellow, with sometimes a red cheek. Flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season, December. 78. Lord Hindlip. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit small, globular. Stalk medium. Cavity wide and shallow. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin pale yellow, nearly covered with russet and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, nearly sweet, with a fine aromatic flavoiir. Season, November to Janu- ary. 79. 2Iuscat Reinette. — Tree a poor grower. Fruit small, roundish conical. Stalk short. Cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin yellow, striped with red. Flesh yellowish, fine-grained, juicy, rich and aromatic, mildly sub- acid. Season, November and December. 80. Calville Grand Dulce Frederic de Bade. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit large, roundish globular, somewhat ribbed. Stalk short. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin greenish yellow, with stripes of pale red on suniay side. Flesh yellowish, coarse, tender, of pleasant flavour; of a naild, sprightly, acid character. Season, November, December and January. 81. Reinette de BippedaJle. — Tree a niedivun grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong, globular, slightly tapering to the eye. Stalk short. Cavity deep and narrow. Calyx large, open. Basin wide, deep and deeply ribbed. Skin golden yellow, with a small blush in the sun and many gvaj dots. Flesh white, firm, not very juicy, slightly aromatic, nearly sweet. Season, November and December. 82. Carter. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit small, roundish, oblate. Stalk short. Cavity wide and shallow. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and flat. Skin yellow, with a few small stripes of dull red. Flesh tender, juicy, sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season, November to January. 83. Nonsuch. — Tree a strong, spreading grower. Fruit medium to large, roundish. Stem short. Cavity deep and narrow. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and deep. Skin greenish yellow with a dull red cheek. Flesh white, soft, moderately juicy and pleasantly acid. Season, November and December, 84. Fiessers ErstUng. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit of medium size, conical. Stalk short. Cavity deep and narrow. Calyx large, closed. Basin narrow, deep and corrugated. Skin yellow with a deep red cheek. Flesh white, juicy, vinous, sub-acid. Season, November and December, 85. Reinette de Middlehourg. — Tree a strong, upright grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong, tapering a little to the eye. Stalk short. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and shallow. Skin greenish yellow, with many gray dots, and a small blush on sunny side. Flesh white, fine-grained, tender, crisp, juicy, of a mild, pleasant acid character. Season, December to January, 86. Hoover.— ^Tree a moderate grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish, Stiilk long, cavity deep. Calyx large, open. Basin furrowed. Skin yellow, striped with light and dark red, with a little russet about stem. Flesh yellowish, firm, fine-grained, juicy, sub-acid, with a fine flavour. Season, November and December. 87. Green Crimean. — Tree a vigorous, spreading grower. Fruit above medium size, conical. Stalk short. Cavity wide and shallow. Calyx large, open. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin yellow, mottled with stripes and patches of dull red, with russet about the stalk. Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, juicy, sprightly and mildly acid. A good cooking apple. Season, November and December, EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 88. Scarlet Nonpareil. — Tree a slow grower. Fruit small, oblate, flattened. Stalk medium. Cavity deep and wide. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide, shallow. Skin yellow, with a red cheek, and a few whitish dots. Flesh yellowish white, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid. Season, JSTovember and December. 89. Egremont Russet. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish oblate. Stem short. Cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx large, closed. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin clear golden yellow, with a little russet in basin. Flesh white, firm, juicy, tine grained, rich, sugary, with a pleasant vinous flavour. Season. Decem- ber. 90. Bymer. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish oblate. Stallc short. Cavity small. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and shallow. Skin glossy yellow, with a bright blush. Flesh yellowish, juicy, firm, crisp, sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season, December. Many of the apples above described as in season during November and December, while fit for the table at that time, are evidently good keepers, and some will no doubt prove valuable as bte varieties on further test. Many of the trees planted in the older orchards having fruited for a number of years, and their relative value pretty well tested, have been removed. In some cases the varieties were poor in quality, in others the trees were unthrifty or unproductive, but as the main object in planting trees on the Experimental Farm is to test their suitability and value for our climate and conditions, a few years' trial after a tree begins fruiting determines its quality and relative usefulness, when, if it is found inferior or lacking in any of the qualities which characterize a first-class fruit, it is removed to mal^e'way for other more desirable or untried sorts. A partial list of those which have been removed is appended. \ American Pippin. American Summer Pearmain. An is. Auisovlva. Antonovka. Aport Grell. Aport (2.52). Aport (2.3). Arablca (2.57). Arabka. Arablca Winter, Arabskoe. Arkad Solovieff. Arkansas Beauty. Autumn Strawberry. Avenavius. Bailey Sweet. Baraboo. Basil the Great. Baxter. Ben Davis. Bismarck. Bonibsliell. , Bottle Greening. Brad fords Best. Cabashea. Canada Baldwin. Carolina Bed .Tune. Cartbouse. Cbenango Strawberry. Colvert. Danvcrs Winter Sweet. Dickinson. Dutch Mignonne. Dwyer. Early Harvest Early May. Early Ripe. Excelsior. Fairraount. Fallawater. Fall .Tenetting. Fall Orange. Fall Wine. Fameuse. Eraser River Beauty. Gideon. Gideons (Xo. 20). Gipsy Girl. Gracie. Grandmother. Green Stripe. Green Harvest. Haas, Hastings. Hawley. Hominy Isliain Sweet. .Taoob Sweet. Kantil Sinap. Kara Sinap. Keswick Codliu. Lanes Sweet, Large Anis. Long Arcade. Lowell. Magog Red Streak. Maidcs CodUn. Margil. MaA-ne Island. Me'Malion White. Meloneu. I REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. l^illARPE 479 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Million. Naliv Ansjutiu, Newton. No. 181 Budd. Ouondaigua. Orel No. 1. Orel No. 5. Orel No. G. O.strakoff (472) Beadle. I*aperovka. Parson Sweet. Persian Bogdanoff. Pewaukee. Plodovitka Koslov, Plums Cider. Pointed Pipka. Queen Olga. \{ sweet, perfumed. Season, October and Xovember. 4. Daimj/o. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, ovate, pyriform. Stalk long, slender and fleshy at junction. Calyx small, open. Basin narrow, deep. Skin yel- lowish green, with a little russet, and a few russet dots. Fledi coarse, juicy, firni. A cooking pear. Season, November. 4S0 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS , 4-5 EDWARD VI!., A. '.905 5. Goat-herd. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, acute pyriform. Stem one iucla long, no cavity. Calyx large, open. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin greenish russet with a dull red cheek and many gray dots. Flesh white, juicy, huttery, sweet. Season, September. 6. Charneau. — Tree a slow grower. Fruit small, long, acute pyriform. Stalk one inch long, curved. Calyx small, open. Basin shallow and narrow. Skin russet with a bronze reddish cheek. Flesh yellowish, juicy, melting, sweet. Season, Septem- ber and October. 7. Marum Flasl-. — Tree a poor grower. Fruit large, oblong, pyriform. Stalk 3" inch long, set inclined and with a fleshy knob. Calyx large, open, no basin. Skin yellow. Flesh white, sweet, pleasant, moderately juicy. Season, October. 8. Lincoln of Illinois. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit above medium size, oblong, pyriform. Stalk long. Calyx open. Skin yellowish green. Flesh yellowish, juicy, almost sweet. Season, October. 9. Prince Imperial. — Tree a moderate grower. Fruit of medium size, obtuse pyriform. Stalk short, stout. Calyx small, open. Basin wide' and deep. Skin clear yellow with small patches of russet and many gray dots. Flesh yellowish, juicy, bvittery, sweet, very good. Season, October. PLUMS. The plums, like the pears, suffered from the cold rains in April and from the frost. Very few of the older trees bore fruit this year. Many of the. trees of the or- chard planted in the spring of 1890 have been removed. Some of them were tmpro- ductive, some very subject to rot, and others too small or poor in quality. The following varieties are new to this country, and have fruited for the first time : — 1. Bonne de Bry. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit below medium size, globular, with a shallow suture, terminating in a slight depression. Skin dark purple, with a heavy whitish blue bloom. Flesh greenish, juicy, sweet, tender. Stone very small and free. Very fine for canning. Season, last of July. 2. St. Etienne. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit below medium size, globular. Stalk |-inch long. Suture well defined, ending in a small basin, one side enlarged. Skin bright orange, with a whitish bloom and a crimson blush. Flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, with a fine flavour. Stone small, free. Season, last of July. 3. Reine Claude d'Allhan. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit very small, round. Stem, ^-inch long, set in a small depression. Skin bright clear red, with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellowish, flne grained, not juicy. Stone small, cling. Not valuable. Season, early August. 4. Climax. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit large, obtuse, heart-shaped. Stalk short. Cavity small. Calyx well marked. Skin deep red, sprinkled with small golden dots. Flesh yellowish, sweet, juicy, fine grained, with a pleasant flavour. Season, first of August. 5. Yellow Imperatrice. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit above medium size, roundish oval, with a distinct suture. Skin clear golden yellow, with a little red in streaks about stalks. Flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet, tender, with a very fine flavour. Cling stone. Season, early August. 6. Reine Claude Davion. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small to medium, round- ish oval. Stalk short. Suture well marked. Skin dull greenish yellow, with a few reddish dots, and spots on sunny side. Flesh yellowish, fine grained, juicy, sweet, with a fine rich flavour. Stone small, cling. Season, August. 7. Prince of ^Yales. — Tree a strong upright grower. Fruit large medium, oval shape. Stalk f-inch long, and set in a slight depression, with a well defined suture. FEPORT OF MR. THOMAf? A. SHARPE 481 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Skin bright reddisii purple, with many yellow dots. Flesh yellowish, juicj', firm, sprightly. Cling stone. Season, August. 8. Mirahelle Grosse. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit below medium size. Round, smooth, yellow, with a few crimson dots. Flesh yellow, juicy, sugarj-, with a very fine flavour. Stone small, free. Season, August. 9. Early Bed. — Tree a slow grower. Fruit below medium to small, oval. Stalk short set in a small cavity, and a well defined suture ending in a slight depression. Skin dull red with a thin whitish bloom, and sprinkled with golden dots. Flesh yel- lowish, juicy, a little coarse, with a pleasant flavour. Season, September. 10. Autumn Compote. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit medium to large oblong oval, with one side enlarged. Stalk long, and set in a small cavity. Skin pale dull yellow, with a thin whitish bloom. Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, juicy, sprightly, with a pleasant flavour. Season, September. 11. Giant. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, oblong, with a neck. Stalk short. Suture distinct, and one side enlarged. Skin red, with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellowish, juicj-, fine-grained, tender, sweet. Stone small, nearly free. Season September. 12. White BuIIace. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit small, round. Stem short. Skin yellowish white, mottled with red in the sun. Flesh firm, juicy and sweet. A cling stone. Season last of September. 13. Cheshire Damson. — Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit small, round. Stalk short. Skin dark purple, covered with a thick bluish bloom. Flesh greenish, firm, juicy, sprightly and pleasant. Season last of September. CHERRIES. The cherry trees w^ere full of bloom early in April and some of tlie sweet cherries set a fair crop, but the continued showery weather in May and June prevented effective spraying, and the rot was severe, and the showers and sunshine during the time of ripening caused much of the sound fruit to split. So severe was this cause of loss that on two trees which were fairly well loaded with ripening fruit, not more than five per cent were sound, this by count of the fruit on several well loaded branches. The following sorts fruited for the first time this year: — 1. Kentish. — Tree a slow grower. Fruit large, flattened at top and bottom. Stalk short. Skin clear deep shiny red. Flesh yellowish white, juicy, sub-acid, and when allowed to hang on the tree until very ripe has a rich pleasant flavour mildly acid. Season last of June. 2. Grosse Griotte du Vin. — Tree a healthy grower. Fruit of medium size, roundish, much flattened. Stalk long. Skin very dark glossy red. Flesh anvl juice dark red, juicy, mild, sprightly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season July. 3. Bohemian Blach Bigarreau. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit large, roundish, heart shaped. Stalk short and stout. Skin glossy black. Flesh black, with dark red juice; firm, juicy, rich, sweet, with a very fine flavour. Season July. 4. Wragg. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit of medium size, oval. Stalk long, set in a narrow cavity. Skin dark glossy red. Flesh red, with dark red juice; rich, with a pleasant flavour, mildly acid. Stone small. Season July. 5. Cluster Blach Heart. — Tree a strong grower. Fruit medium to small, heart- shaped. Stalk long. Skin glossy black. Flesh and juice very dark red. Flesh tender, juicy, mild and pleasantly acid. Season July. 6. Early -Juicy. — Tree a strong grower, but late and unproductive. Fruit of medium size, roundish. Stalk long, slender and set in a slight depres.sion. Skin dear glossy red. Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, nearly sweet. Season July. 16—31 482 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 7. Griofte AcTier. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped. Stalk long, set in a narrow basin. Skin dark glossy red. Flesh and juice red. Flesh tender, juicy, nearly sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season late July. 8. Ouigne Choque. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit above medium size, oblong oval. Skin yellowish-red. Flesh juicy, sweet with a pleasant flavour. Stone large. Season July. 9. Bigarreau Movgln. — Tree a medium grower. Fruit of medium size, heart- shaped. Skin clear glossy yellow with a bright red cheek. Stalk long, set in a deep basin. Flesh yellowish-wdiite, tender, juicy, sweet with a pleasant flavour. Season July. 10. Chatenay — Tree a weak and slow grower. Fruit small, heart-shaped. Stalk very long set in a narrow basin. Skin yellowish-red with dark red dots. Flesh whitish, juicy, sprightly, not valuable. Sea-son early August. PEACHES AND APRICOTS. There are only a few trees of these fruits left on the Experimental Farm and these bore no fruit. The peach trees now growing here are perhaps too young to bear much, and the apricots bloom too early and have never borne much fruit. QUINCES. The only one of these fruits to bear is the Portuguese, which fruited again this year. Three other varieties blossomed but did not bear fruit. MEDLARS. All of the medlar trees fruited this year. There is practically no differenco in productiveness or quality of the fruit of the different named sorts, and all make a fine rich jelly. MULBERRIES. As in former years the mulberry trees were loaded with fruit. MOUNTAIN ORCHARDS. The mountain orchards have made a strong healthy growth and have home some fruit, plums, apples, pears and medlars, but, as in former years, birds and wild animals eat or destroy much of the fruit. NUT ORCHARDS. The Japanese walnut as usual bore a heavy crop of nuts, the Japanese and Spanish chestnuts a fair crop, and the English walnut and the American black wal- nut a few nuts per tree. A great many applications for nuts toi plant are being received and many reports of success with nuts from samples of nuts distributed in previous years are received. SMALL FRUITS. The crop of small fruits has been fairly good this year, and a few days earlier than last ye.nr. The fruit was not quite so large as usual, which was caused by the . Nineteen varieties of Black Cap Kaspberries are under test. Black Caps require very rich ground. They also require moisture as well as sunshine when the berries are growing and ripening, to ensure a good crop. The following are the best of those tested here : — Name. » Date of Ripen- ing. Growth of Plant. Size of Fruit. (Quality. Productive- ness. Nemaha .... July 8. 1, 8. Vigorous . . . Large .... ... Large medium Large Medium Good qualitj". Productive. Palmer Older - 10. 1 10. ■ 10. , 12. , 12 , 12. Kansas ALammoth Cluster CrecrsT Progress Ida IG— 31i 484 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD Vil., A. 1905 BLACKBERRIES, The blackberries gave a fairly good crop this year, there are twenty-nine varieties under test; the following are the best: — Name. Date of Ripen- ing. Growth of Plant. Size of Fruit. Quality. Productive- ness. JnlylG. „ 22. .. 22. „ 22. „ 22. n 24. ,- 25. „ 25 AuST. 1 . Vigorous . . . 1 Large . Large medium . Medium . Large . Large medium Good quality Snvder Hansel ,1 Stone'.'* Hardy Very good quality . . . Eldorado Erie Agawam The very best quality Good quality 11 Taylor. Taylor s Prolific ,, Minnewaska .. 2. RED AXD WHITE CURRAXTS. Of the forty-two varieties imder test, the following are the best ; Name. Date of Ripen- ing. La Fertile July Pomona n Rahy Castle m London „ Red Cherry La Conde Prince Albert White Cherry LargeWhiteBrandenburg White Pearl Victoria Growth of Plant. Vigorous Size of Fruit. Large medium Large Large medium Large Medium Large medium Quality. Good quality. Productive- ness. Productive. BLACK CURRAXT!^ Fifty-one varieties of black curmnts are under test, of these the following are tlie best : — Name. Dominion Middlesex Merveille de la Gironde, Boskoop Giant Baldwin Piince of Wales London Black Naples Lee's Prolific Pearce.. Pomona Victoria Climax Date of Ripen- ing. July 10, „ 10. >, 10. .1 10. M 10. n 10. 1. 12. .1 12. .1 12. 1. 12. .1 12. 1. 12. .. 12. Growth of Plant. Vigorous. Size of Fruit. . Large medium i Very large. Quality. Good quality. Very good quality Large medium Good quality. Large Large medium Large Large medium Large Large medium Productive-- ness. Productive. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SUARPE 485 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1G GRAPES. The weather during siunmer and autumn being dry and warm, the following varieties of grapes ripened, in the order named : — Jessica. Delaware. Saunders' Seedling ^No. 2. Saunders' Seedling Xo. 4. Moore's Early. Moyer. Wyoming Red. Poughkeepsie Re'd. Worden. Emerald. Martha. Brighton. Wilder. Pocklington. Brilliant. Canada. Lady. Champion. Clinton. Niagara. METEOROLOGICAL RECORD. Date of Highest Tempera- Temperature, ture. 1 Date of Lowest Temperature. Tempera- ture. Rainfall. Snowfall. Sunshine. 1903. Decembers 1904. Januai-y 3 February 24 March 25 April 14 52 46 48 63 80 82 88 93 90 81 78 67 December 11 & 27 January IS and 19 February 8 and 9 . Match 21 and 22.. April 29 31 15 17 30 30 35 37 43 41 36 36 35 Inches. 3-31 6-30 2-86 5-32 3 46 2-34 3-42 3-45 2-30 2-37 3-20 6-43 Inches. 11 4 32 3 Hours. Minutes. 35 18 30 24 23 73 36 139 24 May 22 May 1 and 31 ... . June 9 176 30 June 20. 181 30 225 36 July 22 August 4.. ... . September 16 July 28 August 23 September 29 October 25 Xov. 1, 2, 6 & 28.. Totals 176 12 172 36 October 17 November 3 68 18 31 30 44-76 50 1,333 54 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. TIIOS. A. SIIARPE. 4-5 EDWARD VIJ. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1905 SrATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE ON THE DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS, FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1901. CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM. Livestock.. g 30G n 1' eed for stock S (J80 55 Supplies from experimental plots 547 n Grain screenings from grain distribution IIG 12 S 1,3-13 78 Less — Supplies to poultry department 253 80 Veterinary services and drugs 205 14 S(;eds, grain, trees, &c fi 1 ,055 72 Less — Value of seeds for grain distribution § 281 52 11 trees ir tree .. 93 37 II II Arboretum 106 15 481 04 Implements, tools, hardware and supplies l'049 56 Drainage and drain tile.s 'l5j 55 Manure and fertilizers for experimental plots and horticultural department 448 17 Travelling expenses j 733 gj^ Exhibition expenses , '(^55 95 Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs. 73g 57 Bee department I53 27 Wages : farm wotk, including salaiies of officers in charge , 4 7^)3 79 Wages : care of stock, including salary of herdsman 3377 40 Horticultural division, including salaries of officers in charge, also forestry .§41 .59 4,' 971 25 Poultry division, also salaries of officers in charge § 2 775 25 Value of grain, &c., supplied by farm 253 SO .S,029 05 Experimental division, including salaries of officers in charge .§ 3,872 78 Less — Value of material supplied for feed 547 11 II potatoes supplied for seed distribution 151 00 G98 11 3,174 07 Care of hedges, avenues, ornamental trees and grounds 1 316 06 Office assistance, including English and French correspondence and messenger service 4,005 11 Printing of office supplies and stationery 1,302 77 Arboretum. § 1,193 79 Value of trees from Seeiis, grain, trees, &c 100 15 1,299 94 Distribution of trees and tree seeds S I77 51 Value of tress from Seeds, grain, tree^, &c 9,^ 37 c. , . , . 1 270 88 Seed testing and care of green-liouses 1, 157 97 Dairy branch, including salary of dairyman 349 (54 Contingencies I34 ^^ Telegrams and telephones. . . • 244 22 Steers, purchased for feeding experiments 1,792 C6 Museinii 50 83 Books and newspapers ' i!l3 33 S 40,094 59 Less — Proceeds of sale of steers, purchased for feeding experiments 2,875 26 S 37,219 33 487 488 EXPERIMEyTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD V!l., A. 1905 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, NAPPAN, N.S.— EXPENDITURE, 1903-4. Live stock $ 2'*9 12 Feed for stock 2,422 03 V^eterinary services and drugs 65 72 Seed grain, seeds, trees, &c . . 444 11 Implements, tools, hardware and supplies 387 98 Manure and fertilizers 411 86 Travelling expenses 316 83 Exhibition expenses 279 21 Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs 417 03 Salary of Superintendent 1,500 00 Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm croi)S 2,628 47 Wages, care of stock ] ,733 75 Poultry branch. . 99 20 Horticultural division, including experimental work with vegetables, fruits, forest, and orna- mental trees and flowers ; also care of grounds and salary of officer in charge 1,001 13 Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c 173 19 Contingencies, including postage, §149 ; mail delivery, $97.50 333 85 Printing and stationery 56 11 Books and newspapers 23 92 Telegrams and telephones 54 47 Steers purchased for feeding experiments . . 927 50 S 14,085 48 Less — Proceeds of sale of steers purcliased for feeding experiments 2,000 16 $ 12,085 32 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, BRANDON, MAN.— EXPENDITURE, 1903-4. Live stock . Feed for stock Veterinary services and drugs Seed grain, trees, seeds, &c Implements, tools, hardware and sujjplies Travelling expenses Exhibition expenses Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs Bee department ■. Salary of Superintendent Wages, farm work, including experimental work, with farm ci'ops, &c Wages, care of stock Horticultural branch, including experiments with vegetables, fruits and flowers ; also care of Arboretum and grounds Forestry branch, including caie of hedges Poultry branch Office help, including delivery of mail, $148 Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c Distribution of trees and tree seeds Contingencies, including postage, $263.15; renewal of bridge across small lake on farm, $350.93 ; sinking well, $51 Printing and stationery '. Books and ne ws^japers Telegrams and telephones Drainage and drain tiles Manure and fertilizers Steers purchased for feeding experiments Lkss — Proceeds of sale of steers purchased for feeding experiments $ 580 42 Value of grain supplied for seed distribution at Ottawa 362 02 ,$ 26 00 18 50 94 10 40 95 1,268 67 110 49 235 45 507 10 71 18 1,500 00 3,334 28 1,013 75 710 90 644 25 95 65 813 20 640 66 226 97 G83 56 165 14 19 25 87 67 40 50 115 00 398 30 $ 12,801 52 942 44 $ 11,919 08 EXPENDITURE 489 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, INDIAN HEAD, N.W.T.— EXPENDITURE, 1903 4. Live stock $ 242 00 Feed for stock 58 55 Veterinary services and drugs 103 95 Seed grain, seeds, trees, &c. . , 90 40 Implements, tools, hardware and supplies 1,398 17 Travelling expenses _. 112 00 Exhibition expenses 105 75 Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs 199 80 Salary of Superintendent 1,500 00 Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm croijs . 3,724 70 Wages, care of stock 775 02 Horticultural brunch 420 G5 Poultry branch 1 15 54 Forestry branch, including hedges . 287 05 Office help, including delivery of mail 750 00 Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c 271 08 Distribution of ti-ees and tree seed 120 78 Contingencies, including postage, §069 .39 715 04 Printing and stationery 05 91 Telegrams and telephones 42 15 Manure and fertilizers 14 27 Books and newspapers 3 5o Steers purchased for feeding experiments 470 00 S 11,587 63 Lkss — Proceeds of sale of steers purchased for feeding experiments S 785 00 Value of grain supplied for grain distribution at Ottawa .... 1,127 35 1,912 35 S 9,675 28 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, AOASSIZ, CO.— EXPENDITURE, 1903-4. Live stock Feed for stock Veterinary ser\ ices and drugs Seed grain, seeds, trees, &c Implements, tools, hard^vare and supplies Manure and fertilizers Travelling expenses Exhibition expenses Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs Salary of Superintendent Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm croi)S, vegetables, fruit trees, vines, &c . . . . Wages, care of stock Poultry branch Forestry branch, including care of hedges Office help Distribution of seed grain, jxitatoes, &c Distribution of trees and tree seeds Clearing land ContiTigencies, including postage, §155.19 Printing and stationery Books and newspapers ... Drainage and drain tiles ... Bee supplies Telegrams and telephones . G7 13 ' 47 58 4 40 99 03 177 99 137 37 181 94 254 54 151 75 1,500 00 3,018 57 549 Oo 65 95 216 00 130 0<» 112 80 5 13 544 80 213 69 18 24 20 50 15 20 1 00 1 50 7,534 11 49Q EXPEUniEMAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 SUMMARY OF EXPEXDITURE, 1903-04. Central Exi>erimental Farm $ 37,219 33 Nappan .. 12,085 32 Brandon •■ 11,919 08 Indian Head .. 9,675 28 Agassiz >■ ■ 7, -534 11 General Expenditure.* Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c., from Central Experimental Farm -S 4,804 42 Value of seeds from, seeds, grain, trees, &c 281 52 II grain from Brandon § 362 02 Indian Head 1,127 35 n potatoes from Experimental Division C.E.F 15100 .? 1,640 37 Les— A'alue of screenings charged feed for stock C.E.F 116 12 1,525 24 6,610 19 Entomological and Botanical Division, including salaries of officers in charge 4,098 81 Chemical Division, including salaries of officers in charge 4,720 22 Salaries general, including — Director, accountant, director's secretary and assistant accountant 6,137 51 99,999 85 Printing bulletins and distribution of bulletins and reports 7,000 00 Less— Special .sum in estimates for this item 7,000 00 99,999 85 * These items are put under "General Expenditure" for the reason that they are incurred for general purposes. SUMMARY OF STOCK, MACHINERY, IMPLEMENTS, &c., ON HAND DECEMBER 1, 1904. CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA, ONT. I7 Horses Is Ayrshire cattle 13 Guernsey cattle 14 Durham cattle (Shorthorns) 8 Canadian cattle ^6 Grade cattle 27 Yorkshire swine 9 Berkshire .swine 7 Tam worth swine 7o Grade swine 28 Shroi)sliire sheep l2 Leicester slieep 3 Grade sheep Farm machinery and implements . Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleiglis Hand tools, hardware and sundries Harness Dairy department, machinery, &c Horticultural and forestry departments, implements, tools, &c Botanical dei)artment, implements, tools, &c Poultry deiiartment, 222 fowls Poultry department, implements, furnishings, &c Bees and apiarian supplies . Chemical department, apparatus and chemicals Books in several departments Greenhouse plants, supplies, &c Furniture at Director's house Office furniture and stationery Experimental flour mill and electric motor S 3,415 00 2,035 00 1,565 00 3,175 00 950 00 605 00 728 00 340 03 200 00 382 00 503 00 230 00 12 00 3,071 75 1,079 00 1,152 15 588 45 4S8 50 658 50 5 00 353 00 140 35 436 02 1,875 00 .572 86 2,229 50 1,100 00 1,676 25 4)5 00 30,037 33 5 UMMA RY' OF S TOCK 491 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTAL FAR^r, NAPPAN, N.S. 8 Horses $ 1,085 00 4 Guernsey cattle 035 00 7 Holstein cattle 370 00 14 Ayrshire cattle 855 00 60 Grade c^attle 1,000 00 4 Yorkshire swine 05 00 2 Berkshire suine 45 0<) 64 Grade swine 300 00 20 Shcf p 240 00 77 Fowls... 50.50 Bees and apiarian supplies , ... 10 30 Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs 410 50 Farm machinery 547 50 Farm imjjlements 207 00 Hand tools, hardware and sundries 303 .50 Harness 213.50 Furniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting otHciali 120 00 Furniture supplies and books for office 85 00 S 7,007 80 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, BRANDON, MAN. 13 Horses 3 Ayrshire cattle 7 Durham cattle 3 Gueru'se.y cattle 9 Grade cattle 1 Tam worth i>ig 1 Berkshire pig 13 Yorkshire swine 8 Grade swine 100 Fowls ... Bees and apiarian supplies Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs Farm machi nery Farm implements Hand tools, hardware and sundries Harness Furniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials Furniture supplies and books for office .-5 1,400 00 175 00 550 00 175 00 285 00 15 00 15 00 00 00 30 00 100 00 131 45 415 00 2,130 S3 728 CO 054 05 219 25 101 55 287 30 S 7,567 93 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, INDIAN HEAD, N.W.T. 12 Horses -S 1,. 570 00 35 Durham cattle 1,960 00 23 Grade cattle 830 00 18 Berkshire swine 155 00 19 Tamworth swine ... 151 00 2 Yorkshire White swine 40 00 00 Fowls.... . 00 00 Bees and apiarian supplies 25 75 Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleigii- . . 551 00 Farm machinery 2, 255 33 Farm implements 703 00 Hand tools, hardware and sundries . . 399 75 Harness 182 75 Furniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials 217 00 Furniture supplies and books for office ■ 307 50 S 9,534 08 492 EXI'EKI MENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, AGASSIZ, B.C. 6 Horses 5 650 00 ] 2 Durham cattle 1,600 00 17 Dorset honied sheej) 191 00 14 Berkshire swine 129 00 11 Yorkshire White swine ... . ... 145 00 74 Fowls .... ._ 6800 Bees and apiarian supplies . . . 54 75 Vehicles, including farm wagons 193 50 Farm macliinerj- , 643 00 Farm implements 104 50 Hand tools, hardware and sundries 137 70 Harness .' 116 00 Furniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials 151 15 Furniture supplies and books for office 124 00 § 4,307 60 THOS. M. CRAMP, Accounlant. 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1905 INDEX 4-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1905 INDEX Page. Agriculturist — Report of the 43 Beef production 61-70 " influence of age on cost. 63 Baby beef 66 Clover, experiments with 96 Corn, varieties grown for ensilage 09 Cost to irrow 40 acres 100 Crops on 200 acre farm 75 Dairy herds, the 49 Monthly statements 49 Financial and general statements. .. .49-50 Daily dairy herd records 53 Feeding, summer 4S Feeding, cost of 48 Feed, amount consumed by 76 Dairy herd reports 49 Ayrshires 51 Ayrshire grades 52 Canadians 51 Canadian grades 52 Guernseys 51 Guernsey grades 52 Shorthorns 51 Dairy cows, experiments with 55-60 Apples as feed for cows 60 Ensilage vs. mangels for milk 55 Dry forage vs. succulent forage for dairy cows 56 Sugar mangels, sugar beets and tur- nips for cows 57 Two feeds vs. three feeds for cows.. 59 Farm, the 200 acre 75 Crop on, in 1904 75 Comparative statement of crops on, from 1S99 to 1903 75 Feed produced on, and utilization thereof, in 1902 76 Financial summary 1 Grasses, experiments with Hay, produced in 1904 Alfalfa - Oat hay Timothy Timothy and clover Yields and cost of various classes of hay 95 495 Page. Agriculturist — Report of the— Coh. Horses 44 Bran feeding experiment 45 Roots and ensilage for 47 Labour, value and amount of 44 Letter of transmittal 43 Live stock 43 Horses 43 Cattle 43 Sheep 41 Swine 44 Financial statements 77-78 Mixed crops 98 Pork production 70-71 Wintering pigs ; outside vs. inside.. 70 Rations for young pigs 71-72 Stock foods for pork production.. .. 73 Uveco for pigs 7t Large blacks 74 Rotation experiment 78 Rotation A. 5 years 79 Rotation B, 5 years 82 Rotation E, 3 years 84 Rotation Z, 3 years 85 Rotation H, hogs 96 Rotation T, sheep 87-88 Rotations D and S. Deep vs. shallow ploughing 90 Rotations M, N, O and P, short vs. long and clover vs. no clover 92-94 Silo, experimental, how filled, 1904 102 " results from rape. 100 Steers, experiments with 61-70 Loose vs. tied 61 Influence of age on cost of putting on flesh 63 Dried sugar beet pulp experiments .. 67 Uveco for beef production 70 Bedford.^ S. A.. Superintendent of Experi- mental Farm. Brandon. Manitoba. Re- port of 371 Blair, W. S. Horticulturist, Experimental Farm, Nappau. Report of 353 496 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page. Chemist— Report of the 143 Acknowledgments 145 Addresses delivered at agricultural con- ventions 143 Ashes from carbide works 154 " from incinerator 155 " from muck 153 " rock maple 153 " wood 151,152 Barley feed 180 Bran, pea 180 British Columbia, calcareous deposit from 155 British Columbia, soil investigations. .145, 147, 148 British Columbia, tour in 143,197 Buckwheat 160, 161 Carrots 174 Clovers 163 Conservation of soil moisture, experi- ments at Ottawa and Xappan 157-164 Corn, dents 168 " ensilage 172 flints 168 fodder, as grown in hills and drills 166 Indian 169 Correspondence 144 Cotton seed meal 176 Cypher's beef scraps 178 Darling's beef scraps 178, 179 Ensilage, corn 172 Ensilage, rape 171 Fertilizers and amendments 151-157 Ashes from carbide works ". . 154 " incinerator 155 " muck 153 " rock maple 153 Calcareous deposit 155 Wood ashes, leached 152 Wood ashes from saw-mills 151 Flakerine 176 Fodders and feeding stuffs 166-182 Barley feed ISO Corn grown in hills and drills 166 Corn, composition of 167,168 " ensilage 171 " dents and flints, composition of 168 " dents, yield and weight of nutri- ents 170 " Indian, grown in hills and drills, composition of 169 " yield and weight of nutrients.. 170 Cotton seed meal 176 Gluten feed 175 Ground seeds 181 Page. Chemist — Report of the— Co«. Fodders and feeding stuffs — Con. Herbageum igi Linseed or oil cake 175 Meal seeds iso Meat meals for poultry .. 177 Milling products 179 Oat dust 180 Pea bran, ground 180 Pea chips, ground 180 Pea dust 180 Pea meal 180 Raisins 180 Rape, rape ensilage, rape and corn en- silage 171 Roots 173 Uveco and Flakerine 176 Freeman's superior meat meal.. ..178,179 Gluten feed 175 Ground seeds 181 Hairy vetch, effect on soil moisture. .157. 158, 1.59, 160, 161 Herbageum 181 Horse beans, effect on soil moisture. 160, 161 Incinerator ashes 155 Inoculation for the growth of legumes 164 Legumes, inoculation for the growth of. 164 Letter of transmittal 143 Linseed cake 175 Mangels, Gate Post 173, 174 Giant Yellow Globe 173, 174 Meal seeds 180 Milling products 179 Morgan's meat meal 178, 179 Muck, ashes from 153 Oat dust 180 Oil cake 175 Ontario, soil investigation 151 Peas 160 Pea bran, ground 180 Pea chips, ground 180 Pea meal 180 Peace River District, soil 150 Poultry meat meals 177. 178. 179 Raisins 180 Rape ensilage 171 Rust, effect of, on straw and grain of wheat 144. 189 Roots 144. 173 " analysis of.. .. 174 Carrots 174 Gate Post Mangel, dry matter and su^ar in 173 Giant Yellow Globe Mangel, dry mat- ter and sugar in 173 INDEX 497 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Chemist — Report of the — Con. Roots — Con. Influence of inherited qualities on.. .. 173 influence of season on 173 Mangels 174 Sugar beets 144, 175 Swedes 174 Turnips 174 Rye, effect on moisture content of soil. 163 Samples received for analysis 145 Septic tank for the disposal of sewage.. 195 Soil investigations 145-151 " British Columbia, Cape Scott.. .. 145 " Conservation of moisture 159, 102 " Kingcome Inlet 147 " Kault 148 " moisture, control of, experiments at Ottawa and Nappan 157 " Ontario, New Liskeard, Nipissing District 151 " Peace River District 150 Soja beans, effect on soil moisture. .160, 161 Sugar beets 144, 175, 182 analysis of 185 chemistry of 184 for factory 182 " fertilizing constituents in. 185, 186, 187, 188, 189 " weight per acre of different parts of 187 Swedes, composition of 174 Timothy, effect on soil moisture. 157, 158, 159 Turnips, composition of 174 Uveco 176 Waters from farm homesteads 144, 191 Whale, bone from, composition of.. .. 156 Wheat, effect of rust on straw and grain of 144,189 Wood ashes 151, 152 Director — Report of the Acknowledgments A journey to the west Apples, cross-bred, for the Canadian Northwest Alberta Aurora Bow Charles Columbia Dawn Elsa Golden Jewel Kent Magnus 16—32 Page. Director— Report of the— Cow. Apples, cross-bred, for the Canadian Northwest — Con. Maniiou 9 Novelty g Pioneer g Prince g Progress 9 Robin 8 Silvia 8 Tony 8 Clovers, experiments with 34 Clover, increased crops from ploughing under of 34,37 Clover, results of sowings of oats, wheat and barley after 34,37 Clover, results of ploughing under, on potato crop 34, ,"17 Clover, results of ploughing under, on corn cron 34,37 Cramp Thos. M., report of 487, 492 Co-operative experiments by Canadian farmers 11 Correspondence 14 Crops, action of fertilizers on 23 Ellis, Wm., reports of 17-18 Experimental Farms, usefulness of . . . . G Experiments with fertilizers on barley. 23 Indian corn 27 On oats 25 Mangels 30 Turnips 30 On wheat 21 Farm crops throughout the Dominion.. 5 Fertilizers, action of, on oats, clover and Brome grass 33 Fertilizers, special experiments with 19 Financial statement 4S7 Grain distribution of. for improvement of seed 12 Grain tests, table of, for each province. 16 Green clover as a fertilizer 34 Letter of transmittal 3 Meteorological observations 17 Oats, Banner, influence of previous crops on 37 Publications issued during the year 38 Pyrus baccata 7 Pyrus prunifolia 7 Pyrus mains 10 Rainfall for past fifteen years is Reports on journeys made 39,41 Seed grain, distribution of 12 Seed grain distribution, benefits of.... 14 Seeds, tests of vitality of 15 498 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page. Director — Report of the— Con. Sunshine, records of 18 Summary of stock. &c., on each Experi- mental Farm 490 Visit to Experimental Farm. Nappan, N.S 40 Visit to Experimental Farm. Brandon, M. 39 Visit to Experimental Farm, Indian Head, N.W.T 39 Visit to Experimental Farm. Agassiz, B.C 39-40 Visit to Vernon and Penticton 40 Visit to Victoria 40 Entomologist and Botanist — Report of the 205-256 Acknowledgments 209 Agropi/nim repciis 207 Anderson, J. R., on grain crops 210 on field crops 219 on root crops 223 on fruit crops 233 on Vancouver Island Oak-looper.. .. 244 Aphidius rapes 228 Aphis IrassiccF 227 prunifolii 238 Apiary, report on 246 season of 1904 246 cellar wintering 246 wintering in damp cellars 248 outside wintering 249 honey vs. sugar feeding in winter .... 249 queen excluders for product'on of ex- tracted honey 250 introducing queens 251 remedies for 239 Apple Maggot 2.']8 remedies for 238 Scab or Black Spot 233 Asclepias cornuti 207 Aspen Beetle 244 Aspidiotus pcrniciosiis 233 Basswood Looper 243 Beach Grass, as a sand-binder 207 Blackberry, Common, as a sand-binder 207 Blair, Saxby, on Cabbage Root Maggot. 226 on plum and apple aphides 236 Blister Beetle, Green 227 Blister beetles, parasites of locusts .. 212 Bordeaux mixture, for Potato Rot.. .. 223 Botany, Division of 250 Bran, poisoned, for cutworms 212, 225 liriichus pisoriini 217 Burke, Rev. A. E., on field crops 219 on root crops 223 on fruit crops 233 Cabbage Aphis 227 Maggot, remedies for 226 Worm, Purple-backed 233 Page. Entomologist and Botanist — Report of the — Con. Camnula pclliickia 212 Cnnthnris cyanipennis 227 Carbolic wash, for Radish Maggot.. .. 227 for Shot Borer 241 Carpocupsd pomoneUa 239 Cccidomyia destructor 213 Cephus pyfjmwus (?) .. 213 Cereal crops, 1904 210 Cereals, insect enemies of 210 Chaitophorus negundinis 241 Cheese cloth enclosures, for Root Mag- gots 220 Clark, G. H.. on Clover-seed Midge.. .. 220 Clisiocanipa, see MaJacosotna. Clover-seed Midge 219 Cniciis arrcnsis 207 Codling Moth 239 Collections of insects and plants .. .. 205 ConotracJiehis nenuphar 237 Cook carbolic wash, for Radish Maggot. 227 Corn Worm 220 remedies for 221 Corniis stolonifera 207 Correspondence of tlie Division 209 Corylus rostrata 207 Cottony Grass Scale 222 Couch grass, as a sand binder 207 Criddle, Norman, on locusts 212 on Hessian Fly 213 on Red Turnip Beetle 233 on Aspen and Willow beetles 244 Criddle mixture for locusts 212 Cutworm, Glassy 211 Red-backed 211. 223 Spotted 238 Cutworms in grain 211 remedies for 211 in gardens 223 remedy for 225 'Deadheads' 211 Diaphcromera femora; (1 2J5 Diplosis tritiei 214 Dogwood, Red Osier, as a sand-binder.. 207 Ellopia somniaria 244 Entomology, Division of 210 Entomoscelis adonidis 230 Epicaiita pennxylrnniea • 212 sericans 212 Erannis {Hihernia) tiJiaria 243 Eriopcttis festnccr 222 Evans, J. D., on Pea Weevil 218 on cutworms 224 Evergestis (I'ionea) straw hwlis 231 rimosalis 231 Field crops, 1904 219 insect enemies of 219 IXDEX 499 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Entomologist and Botanist — Report of the — Con. Fir, Canada Balsam, as a sand-biader. . 207 Fisher, Geo. E., on San Jose Scale.. .. 233 Fodder plants 206.253 Forest and shade trees, insect enemies of 243 Fruit crops, 1904 '. 232 insect enemies of 233 Fruit Worm, Green 240 Pumugo saliriiw 244 Fumigation stations 234 Fusichidinm 233 GalcruccUa decora 244 Grain Aphis 214 Grass mixtures, results from different. 25G Grass plots, experimental 206 Grasshoppers 212 remedy for 212 Green Fruit-worm 240 JTadena devastatrix 211 Hamilton, Dr. C. A., on Corn Worm.. .. 220 on cutworms 224 on plant-lice 228-230 Hay, cured, from different grass mix- tures 25G Hazel, Beaked, as a sand-binder 207 Uelicthis armigcr 220 Hemerocampa (OrgijiaJ leiicostioinn . . .. 245 Henley, Wm., on wireworms 211 Hessian Fly 243 Uihcnna tiliaria 243 Honeyman, J. R. C, on grain crops .... 210 Ilordciim jubatum, rust of 254 Howard, Dr. L. O., on plant-lice 229 Hydrocyanic acid fumigation 234 Ichneumon cesttts 245 Insects, study and collections of 206 James, Prof. C. C, on Pea Weevil.. .. 217 Lime and sulphur wash, for San Jose Scale 235 Lime-sulphur-soda, for San Jose Scale. 236 Lina trewiilw 244 Lipole-ris (Aphidh'.sj rapw 228 Locust, Lesser Migratory 212 Packard's 212 Rocky Mountain 212 Lyme Grass, Sea, as a sand-binder .. 207 Malacosoma (Clisiocompa) amerkona . . 243 calif orniea 243 disstria 213 fragilis 2 43 Meadowsweet, Willow-leaved as a sand- binder 207 Nature Study movement 205 16— 32i Pagk. Entomologist and Botanist— Report of the — Con. Xectaropliora granaria 214 solanifolii 228 Negundo Plant-louse 244 Tv/ig-borer 243 Xoctiia c-)iianim 236 fennica 222 .McNeill, A., on fruit crops 233 Meetings attended by the Entomologist and Botanist 208 by the Assistant Entomologist 209 by the Apiarist 244 3fcloiioplii,'i atlanis 212 poclardii 212 sprctiis 212 Milkweed, Common, as a sand-binder.. 207 Oak-loopcr, Vancouver Island 244 Onion Maggot, remedy for 226 Ontario Crop Report, on grain crops. .. 210 on field crops 219 on fruit crops 232 Orgyia leucostigma 245 Otiorhyncliiis ovains 242 siilcafus 241 Parogrotis ochroga.9(rr 211, 223 Paris green mixture for locusts 212 and bran for cutworms 212, 213 Pastures, permanent 255 Pea Weevil 217 killed by cold 217 remedies for 218 recommendations as to 218 Per/omyia Vicolor 223 Phitpla Ontario 245 Pionca CJinusah's 231 .^[raminali.s 231 Plants, collections of 206 Plant-lice on vegetables 228 on celery, carrots and parsnips 229 Plum Aphis 236 remedies for 236 Plum Curculio 237 remedies for 233 Potato ,\phis 228 Rot 223 Scab '— ^ Protcopteryx triUinijann 243 Proteotcras O'sculaninn 243 Piiccinia coronata 253 graniini.s -^-' rnbigo-vcra 2o3 Quack grass, as a sand-binder 207 Radish Maggot, remedies for 227 Raspberry, Red, as a sand-binder 207 Red-humped Caterpillar 240 500 EXPERIMENTAL FA RMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A, 1905 Page. Entomologist and Botanist — Report of — Con. Roberts, R., on Wheat Midge 215 Root and vegetable crops, 1904 222 insect enemies of 223 Root Maggots 225 remedies for 226 Rona hiaitda 207 Roses as sand-binders 207 Rubus strigosus 207 viUosus 207 Rust of oats, Crown, or Orange Leaf. . 253 Rust of wheat 252 Blacli Stem or Summer 253 Orange Leaf or Spring 253 and the barberry 254 remedies for 254 Rusts of grain crops 210, 152 Salix alba 207 San Jose Scale 233 remedies for 235 Sand hills, reclaiming 206 Schizura concinna 240 Shot Borer, 240 remedies for 241 Hiphocorync sp 229 Sleepy Won'il 242 Smith, Dr. J. B., on whale-oil soap.. .. 237 Sooty Funguy 244 Spirwa salicifolia 207 Strawberry Weevil 241 remedy for 242 Stuart, G. Maxwell, on Wheat Midge .. 215 Tent Caterpillars 243 Thcriiia (EUopia) somniaria 244 Thistle Canada, as a sand-binder.. .. 207 Trypeta pomonella 238 Turnip Aphis 227 Beetle, Red 230 Tussock Moth, White-marked 245 Vine Weevil. Black 241 remedy for 242 Walking Stick Insect 245 Webster, Prof. F. M., on Hessian Fly.. 213 Weed seeds, collection of 206 Whale-oil soap 236 Wheat Midge 214 remedies for 217 Wheat, rust of 252 remedies for 254 Wheat-stem Sawfly 213 Willow Beetles 244 Willows, as sand-binders 207 Wireworms, in grain 211 remedy for 211 Xylchorus dispar. . 240 Xylina, sp 240 Page. Experimentalist— Report of the 257 Acknowledgments " 257 Barley, six-row 260, 269 Beardless 270 Earliest varieties of 270 Hulless 270 Most productive varieties of 270 Test of varieties of 270 Albert 270 Argyle 270 Baxter 270 Bere 269, 270 Black Japan 269. 270 Blue Long Head 270 Brome 270 Champion 270 Chinese Hulless 270 Claude 270 Common 270 Eclipse 269, 270 Empire 270 Escourgcon 269, 270 Garfield 270 Hulless Black 270 Mansfield .. ..270 Mensury 270 Norwegian 270 Nugent 270 Oderbruch 270 Odessa 270 Rennie's Improved 270 Royal 270 Silver King 270 Sisolsk 270 Stella ' 270 Summit 270 Trooper 270 Yale 270 Barley, six-row winter 272 Zero 272 Barley, two-row 260, 271 Earlies varieties of 271 Most productive varieties of 271 Test of varieties of 271 Beaver 271 Bestehorn's Kaiser 271 Brewer's Favourite 271 Canadian Thorpe 271 Clifford 271 Danish Chevalier 271 Dunham 271 Fichtel Mountain 271 French Chevalier 271 Fulton 271 Gordon 271 Hannchen 271 Harvey 271 Invincible 271 INDEX 501 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Pagk Experimentalist — Report of the — Con. Barley, two-row^roH. Jarvis 271 Logan 271 Maltster 271 Newton 271 Pelham 271 Plumage 271 Primus 271 Princess 271 Princess Sialof 271 Sidney 271 Standwell 271 Swan's Neck 271 Swedish Chevalier 271 Beans, field 276 Horse 276 Soja 275 Beets, sugar 279 Carrots 278 Crossing of cereals 258 Descriptions of cross-bred wheats .. .. 259 Donations 257 Double rows of Cereals 259 Emmer and Spelt 260,267 Test of varieties of 267 Black Bearded Spelt 267 Common Emmer 267 Long Emmer 267 Red Emmer 267 Red Spelt 267 Single Emmer 267 Smooth Spelt 267 Thick Emmer 267 Triticum monococcum 267 Ufa Emmer 267 White Emmer 267 White Spelt 267 White Bearded Spelt 267 Flax 276 Grain sown In different quantities on clay loam 274 Grain sown in different quantities on sandy loam 273 Indian corn 279 Sown at different distances 280 Test of varieties of 280 Mangels 277 Test of varieties of 278 Mixed grain, plots of 275 Gats 260,267 Earliest varieties of 269 Most productive varieties of 260 Test of varieties of 268-269 Abundance 26S American Beauty 268 Page, Experimentalist — Report of the — Con. Oats — Con. American Triumph 268 Anderbecker 268 Atlantic 268 Banner 268 Bavarian 268 Bell 267-268 Bestehorn's Abundance 268 Big Four 269 Black Beauty 269 Black Tartarian (Prolific) 268 Buckbee's Illinois 268 Chinese Xakcd 269 Colossal 257,269 Columbus 268 Danish Island 268 Daubeney 267,269 Dixon 268 Early Angus 268-269 Early Golden Prolific 268 Excelsior 268 Forbes 269 Carton's Abundance 267-268 Golden Beauty 268 Golden Fleece 268 Golden Giant 268 Golden Tartarian 269 Goldfinder 269 Gold Rain.*. 267-268 Great Northern 268 Hazlett's Seizure 268 Holstein Prolific 268 Improved American 269 Improved Ligowo 269 Irish Victor 268 Joanette 269 Kendal Black 268 Kendal White 268 Lincoln 268 Mennonite 268 Milford Black 268 Milford White 268 Olive Black 269 Olive White 269 Pense Black 268 Pense White 269 Pioneer 268 Probstey 269 Scotch Potato 268 Sensation 268 Siberian 269 Sorgenfrei 269 Storm King 269 Swedish Ligowo 267-268 Swedish Select 268 Tartar King 269 Thousand Dollar 268 502 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page. Experimentalist — Report of the — Con. Oats — Con. Tlola 268 Twentieth Century 268 Uberfluss 268 Virginia White Abundance 268 Wallis 288 Waverley 269 Welcome 269 White Giant 268 Whiting 267-268 Wide Awake 268 Pease 262, 272 Earliest varieties of 273 Most productive varieties of 273 Test of varieties of 272 Potatoes, Field Plots of 281 Preparation of land for uniform test plots 261 Rust-resisting varieties 258 Rye, Spring 273 Winter 273 Selection of cereals 258 Selection of seed for test plots 262 Spelt. See Emmer. Turnips , 277 Test of varieties of 277 Uniform test plots of cereals 261 Weather * 262 Wheat, Macaroni 260,264 Test of varieties of 265 Beloturka 265 Black Don 265 Gharnovka 265 Goose 265 Kahla 265 Kubanka 265 Mahmoudi 265 Medeah 265 Roumanian 265 Velvet Don 265 Yellow Gharnovka 265 Yv^heat, Spring 262-263-264 Earliest varieties of 264 Most productive varieties of 264 Study of quality of 266 Test of varieties of 263 Admiral 263 Advance 263 Australian F 263 Australian No. 9 26-3 Australian No. 12 263 Australian No. 15 283 Australian No. 19 263 Australian No. 21 283 Australian No. 28 263 Benton 263 Page. Experiiuentalist — Report of the — Con. Wheat Spring — Con. Bishop 259, 263 Blue Stem 263 Byron 263 Chester 263 Clyde 263 Colorado 263 Corn 265 Countess 263 Crawford 263 Dawn 263 Dawson 263 Dayton 263 Downy Riga 259,263 Early Riga 259,263 Ebert 263 Fraser 263 Gehun 263 Harold 263 Hastings 263 Haynes' Blue Stem 263 Herisson Bearded 263 Hungarian 263 Huron 263 Laurel 263 McKendry's Fife 263 Marvel 263 Minnesota No. 163 263 Monarch 263 Newdale 263 Nixon. 263 Orleans 263 Pearl 262-263 Percy 263 Pithiviers 262 Plumper 263 Polish 265 Power's Fife 263 Preston 259,263 Pringle's Champlain 263 Red Fern 263 Red Fife 263 Redpath 263 Red Prolific 262 Red Preston 259 Riga 259, 263 Rio Grande 263 Saumur 262-263 Spence 263 Stanley 263 Tracy 263 Weldon 263 Wellmau's Fife 263 White Connell 262 White Fife 262-263 White Russian 263 INDEX 503 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Experimentalist — Report of the — Con. Wheat, winter 265 Test of varieties of 266 Abundance 265-266 American Banner 265-266 Buda Pesth 266 Dawson's Golden Chaff 266 Early Red Clawson 266 Early Windsor 265-266 Egyptian Amber 268 Gold Coin 266 Golden Cross 266 Imperial Amber 26G Invincible 265-266 Kharkov 265-266 Padi 265-266 Red Chief 265-266 Prosperity 265-266 Red Velvet Chaff 266 Reliable 266 Silver Sheaf 265-266 Surprise 266 Turkey Red 266 Experimental Farm, Agassiz — Report of Superintendent 453 Apples, report on, w^ith descriptions of new varieties fruiting 470, 478 Apples, list of discarded 478 Apricots, report on 482 Barley, experiments with 457 Test of varieties of 457 Beans, experiments with 468 Bees, report on 455 Beets, experiments with 468 Blackberries, report on 484 Agawam 484 Early King 484 Eldorado 484 Erie 484 Minnnewaska 484 Stone's Hardy 484 Snyder 484 Taylor 484 Taylor's Prolific 484 Brocoli, experiments with 468 Brussels Sprouts, experiments with.. .. 468 Cabbage, experiments with.. 467 Carrots, experiments with 462, 467 Test of varieties of 462 Cattle 454 Cauliflowers, experiments with 468 Cherries, report on, v/ith descriptions of new varieties fruiting 481 Clearing of land 454 Clover versus Corn for ensilage 466 Corn, Indian, experiments with 460 Corn, sweet, experiments with 469 Page. Experimental Tarm, Agassiz — Con. Correspondence 470 Crops, summary of 465 Currants, Black, report on 484 Baldwin 484 Black Naples 484 Boskoop Giant 484 Climax 484 Dominion 484 Lee's Prolific 484 London 484 Merveille de la Gironde 484 Middlesex 48} Pearce 484 Pomona 481 Prince of Wales 484 Victoria 484 Currants, red and white, report on.. .. 481 La Conde 484 La Fertile 484 Large White Brandenburg 484 Loudon 484 Pomona 484 Prince Albert 484 Raby Castle 484 Red Cherry 434 Victoria 454 White Cherry 434 White Pearl 434 Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c. 470 Ditching 454 Emmer and Spelt 459 Fodder crops, experiments with... .-. .. 465 Fowls 455 Fruit crops 453 Grapes, report on 485 Hedges 453 Horses 455 Horse beans, experiments with 406 Lettuce, experiments with 467 Live stock 454 Mangels, experiments with 463 Test of varieties 463 Medlars, report on 482 Meteorological report 485 Millets, experiments with 465 Mountain orchards 432 Mulberries, report on 432 New Breaking 454 Nut-bearing trees, report on 454, 482 Oats, experiments with 456 Test of varieties of 455 Onions, experiments with 467 Ornamental trees and shrubs 454 Peaches, report on 432 504 EX PERI M EX TA L FA N M S 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1D05 Page. Experimental Farm, Agassiz— Coh. Pears, report on, with descriptions of new varieties fruiting -179 Pease, garden, experiments with 168 Field, experiments with '159 Test of varieties 460 Pigs 455 Plums, report on, with descriptions of new varieties fruiting 480 Potatoes, experiments with 463 Test of varieties of 461 Poultry 455 Quinces, report on 482 Radishes, experiments with 466 Raspberries, Black Cap, report on.. .. 483 Gregg 483 Ida 483 Kansas 483 Mammoth Cluster 483 Nemaha 483 Older 483 Palmer 483 Progress 4S3 Raspberries, red and yellow, report on. 4S3 All Summer 483 Cuthtaert 483 Duke of Brabant 483 French Vice-President 483 Golden Queen 483 Large Yellow 483 London 483 Lord Bcaconsfield 48.". New Fastolf 483 Northumberland Fillbasket 483 Phoenix Red 483 R. B. Whyte 483 Sarah 483 Sheep 455 Small fruits 482 Soja beans, experiments with 466 Squash, experiments with 469 Summary of crops 465 Sugar beets, experiments with 463 Turnips, experiments with 46t Test of varieties of 462 Turnips, tabic, experiments with.. .. 467 Vegetables 466 Weather 453 Wheat, spring, experiments with.. .. 458 Test of varieties of 458 Wheat, Macaroni 458 Experimental Farm, Brandon— Re- port of the Superintendent 371 Afirop!/rui» tciicniin 387 Apples, grafted 395 Report on 395 Page. Experimental Farm, Brandon — Con. Arboretum 401 Awnless Brome grass 387 Bald wheat grass 887 Barley, experiments with 379 Test of varieties of 379-380 Bees, experiments with 394 Bvomus incrmis.. 387 Cabbage, experiments with 405 Caragana arborescens. experiments in sowing 400 Carrots, experiments with 385 Tests of varieties of 385 Cattle 390 Clovers, experiments with 388 Corn. Indian, experiments with 382 Test of varieties of 383 Corn sown at different distances apart. 383 Correspondence 409 Cows, milking 390 Crab apple seedlings, report on 398 Crab, transcendant 398 Cucumbers, report on 404 Currants, report on 398 Distribution of seed grain and potatoes. 408 Of forest tree seeds 408 Elinnus virginicus 387 Exhibition samples 408 Farmers' meetings attended 409 Field roots 384 Flax, experiments with 380 Flax, different grain crops following.. 381 Flax, stubble for grain crops 381 Flowers, experiments with 406 Flowering shrubs, report on 400 Fruit trees, experiments with 395 Gooseberries 400 Grasses 387 Hedges, report on 400 Horticulture 395 Mangels, experiments with 385 Test of varieties of 385 Meetings attended 409 Meteorological report 409 Millets, experiments with 389 Oats, experiments with 377 Oats, field plots of 378 Test of varieties of 378 Onions, experiments with 401 Pasture fields, improving 388 Pease, field, experiments with 382 Test of varieties of 382 Garden 405 Perennial flowers 407 Pigs, experiments with 392-393 Plum trees, report on 398 ]M)j:x £05 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Experimental Farm, Brandon — Con. Potatoes, expcrimonls with 3S6 Test of varieties of 387 Poultry, report ou 393 Pl/rus baccata 398 Raspberries, report on 400 Samples for exhibition purposes 408 Shrubs and trees, distribution of 408 Small fruits 400 Squash and pumpkins 403 Steers, experiments in feeding 390, 392 Strawberries 400 Sugar beets, experiments with 386 Swine, experiments with 392 Tobacco, experiments with 406 Tomatoes, experiments with 405 Top grafting 395 Tree distribution 408 Trees and shrubs, report on 400 Trees, propagation of, for Forestry Branch, Dept. Interior 408 Tulips and other bulbs 408 Turnips, experiments with 384 Turnips, test of varieties of 384 Vegetable garden 401 Visitors to the Experimental Farm.. .. 409 Weather 371 Wheat, Emmer. experiments with 374 Wheat, Spelt, experiments with 374 Wheat 372 Wheat, different methods of preparing land for 381 Wheat Macaroni 373 Test of varieties of 373 Wheat, spring, experiments with 372 Deep and shallow sowings of 377 Field plots of 374 Preventives of smut in 377 Test of fertilizers on 376 Test of barn-yard manure on 375 Selected and uuselected seed 374 Test of varieties of 373 Rusty, cutting at different stages.. .. 375 Experimental Farm, Indian Head, N.W.T.— Report of the Superinten- dent 411 Alfalfa, experiments with 431 Agropyrum tenerum 431 Apples, report on 445 Arboretum 444 Asparagus, experiments with 435 Awnless, Brome grass 431 Barley, test of varieties of 422-423 Experiments with 422 Field lots «f 423 Barley crop and average yield 424 Page. Experimental Farm, Indian Head, N.W.T.— Co,(. Barley, comparison of field crops for past four years 424 Smut tests 425 Beans, garden, experiments with 435 Beets, experiments with 436 Breaking and backsetting 418 Brocoli 436 Bronuis inermh 431 Brussels Sprouts 436 Cabbage, experiments with 436 Canary seed, grass 430 Carrots, experiments with 433, 436 Test of varieties 433 Cattle 446 Cauliflower, experiments with.. .• 437 Celery, experiments with 436 Citrons, experiments with 437 Corn, Indian, experiments with 427 Sown at different distances 428 Test of varieties of 428 Corn, garden 437 Correspondence 451 Crab apples, Siberian 445 Crops on Experimental Farms 411 Crops, summary of 434 Cross-bred apples 145-446 Cucumbers, experiments with 437 Currants, report on 446 Distribution of grain, potatoes, forest trees, &c 450-451 Excursions to farm 450 Experimental Farm crops 411 Flax, experiments with 429 Flowers, report on 441 Forest trees and shrubs, distribution of. 451 Fruit trees and bushes, report on . . . . 444 Grain, distribution of samples of.. .. 451 Gooseberries, report on 440 Grasses, experiments with 431 Hay crop 431 Horse beans 430 Horses ■{49 Kale 437 Kohl Rabi 438 Lettuce, experiments with 437 Mangels, experiments with 432 Meetings attended 450 Melons, experiments with 437 Meteorological report 452 Millets, experiments with 430 Oat crop and average yield 421 Oats, experiments with 419 Field lots of ., 420 506 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page. Experimental Farm, Indian Head, N."W.T.— Co/1. Test of varieties of 420 Comparison of field crops for past four years 421 Smut tests for 422 Onious, experiments v.ith 438 Parsley ' 440 Parsnips, experiments v.ith 439 Pease, experiments with.. .. 426 Tests of varieties of 427 Garden 426,439 Test of varieties of 427 Peppers 438 Perennial flowers, report on 422 Plum trees, report ou 44-5-446 Potatoes, experiments with 43a Distribution of 451 Test of varieties of 434 Poultry, report on 450 Pumpkins, experiments v/ith 438 Radish, experiments v.ith 440 Rainfall 452 Raspberries, report on 446 Rhubarb, experiments with 440 Roots, field, experiments with 431 Rotation of crops, experiments in.. ..425-426 Rye, Spring 429 Rye grass, western 431 Sand clierries 446 Seed grain, distribution of 451 Small fruits 446 Soja beans, experiments v»ith 430 Spinach, experiments with 440 Squash, experiments with 438 Steers, experiments with 446 Strawberries, report on 445-446 Summary of crops 434 Summer savory 440 Sugar beets, experiments with 433 Summer fallows 416 Swine, report on 449 Swine, pasturing on rape 449 Tares, experiments with 430 Timothy, experiments with 431 Tomatoes, experiments with 439 Trees and shrubs 443 Turnips, experiments with 431,438 Test of varieties of 432 Vegetable garden 435 Weather 411 Wheat, Spelt and Emmcr, experiments with 416 Wheat, Spring, experiments with 412 Field lots of 412-413 Page. Exi)eriinental Farm, Indian Head, N.W.T.— Co». Wheat, spring — Con. Comparison of tests for past four years 414 Test of varieties of 412 Test of bluestoue as a smut preventive for 416,419 Test of fallow against stubble 415 Test of fertilizers for 415 Crops and average yield 414 Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S. — Report of the Superintendent 313 Aclinowledgments 313 Alfalfa, experiments with 334 Barley, experiments with 317 Test of varieties of 318 Buckwheat, field crop of 324 experiments with 322 Test of varieties of 323 Bug Death, experiments with 333 Carrots, experiments with 331 Test of varieties of 331 Cattle 338 Clover, experiments with 335 Corn, Indian, experiments with 324 Field crops of 325-326 Planted at different distances 326 Test of varieties of 325 Correspondence 350 Cows, experiments with 339-340 Dairy cattle 338,340 Disposition of feeds 337 Distribution of seed grain and potatoes. 338 Exhibitions attended 350-351 Experimental Farm crops 336-337 Experiments with field grain 323 Fertilizers special experiments with. .335-336 Grain, field crops of 323 Hay 336 Horse beans, experiments with 334 Horses 338 Dive stock 338 Macaroni Wheat, experiments with.. .. 321 Mangels, experiments with .. 329 Field crops of 330 Test of varieties of 329 Meetings attended 351 Meteorological record 316 Milch cows, experiments with 339 Millet, experiments with 334 Mixed grain field crops 323 Oats, experiments with 316 Field crop on marsh land 324 INDEX 507 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page. £zperiiuental Farm, Nappau, N.S. — Con. Oats, experiments with — Con. Test of varieties of 317 Pease, field, experiments with 322 Test of varieties of 322 Pigs 348 Potatoes, experiments with 331 Test of varieties of 332 Poultry 350 Rainfall 315 Seed grain and potatoes distributed.. 338 Sheep 350 Soja beans, early, experiments with.. .. 334 Steer calf, experiments 343 Steers, experiments with 341,348 On limited and full fattening rations. 343 Sugar beets, experiments with 331 Test of varieties of 331 Summary of crops 336-337 Summary of feed used 337 Swine, experiments wiili 349 Turnips, experiments with 327 Field crops of 327,329 Test of varieties of 327 Visitors 351 Weather 313 Wheat, spring, experiments v.ith ..319,336 Test of varieties of 320 Emmer and Spelt, experiments v.';th.. 321 Macaroni, experiments with 321 Report of the Horticulturist 353 Acknowledgments 355 Apple crop 354 Cabbage, experiments with 362 Cabbage root maggot 362 Cherry orchard 354 Citron melons 328 Cover crops for orchards 358 Cut-worms, poisoned bran remedy.. .. 363 Fruit crops 355 Garden pease 3G4 Test of varieties of 364 Garden, vegetables 353-354 Gooseberries 354 Meetings attended 355 Onions, experiments with 366 Test of varieties of 368 Ornamental trees and shrubs 355 Pease, garden, list of best varieties.. .. 364 Perennials, list of, desirable 355, 358 Plum crop 354 Pumpkins.. , 323 Page. Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S. — Con. Rainfall 362 Raspberries 351 Shrubs and trees 355 Snap beans.. .. 365 Test of varieties 366 Soil moisture, experiments 359 Squash 368 Strawberries 354 Vegetables, list of best 369 Weather 353 Fletcher, Dr. J., Entomologist and Bot- anist— Report of 205 Gilbert, A. G.. Poultry Manager— Report of 283 Grisdale, J. H., Agriculturist — Report of.. 43 Horticulturist, Central Experimen- tal Farm — Report, of the 105 Acknowledgments 107 Apple crop 106,109 Apples 108 Cross-bred 109 Effects of winter-killing on top graft- ed trees of 109 Experimental shipments of, to Ireland and Scotland 113 Revised list of varieties of, for Dis- trict No. 7 Ill Seedling 109,116 Varieties of, winter-killed, 1903-04 110 V\^ealthy, a close planted orchard of.. Ill Arboretum 14(1 List of genera of trees and shrubs in. 1)0 Beans, selection of 127 Botanic Garden llO Bush fruits 121 Character of season 105 Conservation of moisture 127 Cover crops 125 English horse beans 125 Rape 125 Hairy vetch 125 Diseases, fungous 123 Of the grape 124 Of the grape in Ontario vineyards, 1901 123 Black Rot 124 Brown Rot 124 Downy Mildew 124 Grape Leaf Blight 125 Gray Rot 124 Powdery Mildew 125 Ripe Rot 125 Donations , 107 508 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 4-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Page. Hortictilturist, Central Experimen- tal Farm — Con. Enclosure, further experiments in grow- ing vegetables in .. 127 Forest Belts at Central Experimental Farm 136 Growth of trees in the 138 Fruit and vegetable crops 106 Fruits, bush 121 Seedling 116 Fungous diseases 123 Of the grape 124 Grapes 120 Early varieties of 120 Fungous diseases of 124 Lincoln, description of 120 Read's Hybrid 120 Hairy vetch 126 Horse beans 125 Meetings attended and places visited., 106 Moisture, conservation of 127 Pease, selection of 127 Plums 118 description of varieties of 118 Seedling 117 Admiral Schley 119 Bomberger 119 Fitzroy 119 Gloria ,. 119 Lottie 120 Oyama 119 Smith 120 Swift 119 Togo 119 Potatoes 128 Additional varieties of tested, 1904,, 131 Spraying for the prevention of blight and rot 131 Test of varieties 129 Twelve best yielding varieties, aver- age for five years, of 129 Seedling fruits 116 Shipments of apples, experimental, to Ireland and Scotland 113 Strawberries 121 description of varieties of 121 Early Beauty 121 Lyon 121 Pocomohe 121 Splendid 121 most productive, fifty varieties, aver- age for five jiiears 122 most productive twelve varieties, 1904. 122 Tobacco 135 test of varieties of 135 Page. Horticulturist, Central Experimen- tal Farm — Con. Tomatoes 134 pruning, experiment in 135 six earliest varieties of, 1904 134 tvi-elve best yielding varieties of, 1904. 134 Vegetables 127 further experiments in growing, in an enclosure 127 Wealthy apple orchard, a close planted. 111 Winter killing, effects of, on top grafted trees 109 Mackay, A., Superintendent Experimental Farm, Indian Head, N,W,T,— Report of, 411 Macoun, W. T., Horticulturist of the Cen- tral Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ont., Report of 105 Poultry Manager — Report of the . . , . 283 Advanced phases of poultry-keeping,, 2S4 Artificial and Natural Incubation, Re- sults of 294 A striking feature 285 Are fowls as good layers one season as another 289 Continued investigation into cau:3es of weak germs in early spring eggs., .. 293 Care and treatment of the chickens.. 302 Chickens vs, old bens in pen 309 Delay in resumption of winter laying after moulting 287 Diseases of poultry 304 Efforts to shorten the moulting period, 287 Early hatched pullets to the rescue,. .. 288 Experimental rations and their effects.. 290 Experimental work of the year 2S9 Experiments in (different ways of fat- tening chickens 307 First to lay after moulting 290 Fleshing chickens and fattening old hens 307 General adoption of trap nests 303 How long does the effect of fertilization last 300 Hatching chickens at different seasons and results 294 Hatching by hens vs. Incubator 299 Increased opportunity for further inves- tigation 293 List of stock 311 Managment of the sitting hen 299 Management of maturing cockerels , , , , 303 Pen vs. Crate 307 Reasons why fowls should be kept longer than their first year.. .=, 289 IXDEX 509 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page. Poultry Manager — Con. Rations of last winter 306 Some features of the egg and poultry market 285 Sale of breeding birds 303 The moulting season „ .. .. 286 The introduction of superior breeding stock 290 Testing fertility of germ 300 The poultry exhibit at the Central Can- ada Fair .. 304 When the pullets began to lay 290 Why summer eggs have been so high.... 286 Page. Poultry Manager — Con. Weight of eggs laid by fowls of various breeds 303 What experience has shown relative to early pullets 288 Robertson, R., Superintendent Experimen- tal Farm, Nappan, Report of 313 Saunders, C. E., Experimentalist, Report of 257 Saunders, Wm., Director, Report of 5 Sharpe, Thomas A., Superintendent Ex- perimental Farm, Agassiz, Report of.. 453 3hutt, F. T., Chemist, Report of 143 \